The thesis examines and assesses the positive and negative impacts of foreign investment on economic security, points out the causes and contradictions that need to be addressed from the status of the impact of foreign investment. to economic security in Vietnam. Proposing views and solutions to promote positive impacts, limit negative impacts of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam in the near future.
1 INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale for the study In 1987, the National Assembly promulgated the Law on Foreign Investment in Vietnam, effective from January 1, 1988. Over the past 30 years, attracting and using FI in Vietnam, on the one hand, FI has made important contributions to the socioeconomic development, contributing to the improvement of the market economy institution, improving business investment environment, developing foreign relations, cooperation, international integration, ensuring national security and enhancing our country's reputation and position in the international arena. The reality of the past 30 years also shows that FI has always played a role as one of the important components, a driving force in the development of the economy towards industrialization and modernization. With US $ 184 billion out of a total of US $ 334 billion disbursed in 30 years, FI has added an important capital source to the total social investment capital contributing to the formation of some key industries of the economy such as oil and gas, telecommunications, electricity, electronics ; FI contributes to the development of many high quality services such as finance banking, insurance, auditing, legal consultancy, shipping, logistics, education training, health, tourism ; transferring agricultural structure, improving the value of export agricultural products, expanding export markets, promoting the transformation of export commodity structure and gradually bringing Vietnam to join production networks and global value chains. On the other hand, FI in Vietnam has also caused certain adverse impacts on socio economy in general and economic security in particular. First of all, the spreading effect of the linkage between the foreign invested sector and the domestic sector is still limited, the productivity is not high and there are signs of encroachment. Technology transfer has not achieved the expected results The investment proportion of transnational corporations (TNCs) is still low; Investments from the United States and the EU into Vietnam are not commensurate with the potential Some foreign investment projects have not strictly complied with the provisions of the law on environmental protection. There is still a situation where foreigninvested enterprises use old generation machines and equipment which are not suitable and cause environmental pollution. In particular, there have been a number of projects causing serious environmental pollution Some foreign invested enterprises violate the law, declaring false losses and true profits, seeking ways to transfer prices regularly and very sophisticatedly to avoid taxes, causing great losses to the state budget. In fact, many Vietnamese enterprises have to withdraw from joint ventures, enterprises to become 100% foreign capital The dispute of labour contracts, benefits leading to the situation that strikes in foreign invested enterprises tend to increase, causing social instability In some cases, the attraction of foreign investors has not been fully calculated, all elements related to national defense and security have not been thoroughly considered In the open trend of integration, attracting foreign investment, the special attention of the countries to the economic benefits and national economic security makes the issue of economic security become an important factor, having an important impact not only on the NS but also on regional and international security. Meanwhile, the awareness about the threats of national economic security due to the impact of foreign investment in Vietnam is still inadequate and has not kept up with the rapid development of the situation, especially the issues of Finance Security, Food Security and Energy Security. We still have gaps in the strategy of attracting and using foreign investment in state management and national security ensure in general and economic security in particular Theories and practices of the impact of FI on countries receiving investment in many fields, especially economic security, have attracted the research interest of many scientists in different angles, different areas and achieved certain results. However, until now, there has not been any research project that fully and systematically studies the impact of FI on economic security in Vietnam from the perspective of political and economic science, the requirement is to continue to clarify the theory and practice of the above issue, thereby propose points of view and solutions to promote positive impacts, limit negative impacts of FI on economic security in Vietnam. In that sense, the author chooses the topic "The impact of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam" as his economics doctoral thesis, majoring in political economy 2. Purposes and tasks of the thesis * Purposes: Clarifying practical and theoretical basis of the impact of FI on ES in Vietnam by assessing the current situation, proposing viewpoints and solutions to promoting positive effects and limiting the negative ones of FI on ES in Vietnam in the time to come * Tasks: Giving an overview of research situation related to the thesis Building theoretical foundations about the impact of FI on ES; indicating the concepts, contents of the impact of FI on ES in Vietnam Investigating, assessing the current situation of negative and positive effects of FI on ES, pointing the causes and issues need dealing with from the current situation of impact of FI on ES in Vietnam Proposing viewpoints and solutions to promoting positive effects and limiting the negative ones of FI on ES in Vietnam in the time to come 3. Object and scope of the thesis * Object of the thesis: The impact of FI on ES * Scope of the thesis: In terms of content: The study focuses on the impacts of FI on ES including financial security, food security and energy security In terms of space: In the territory of Vietnam In terms of time: Data obtained from 2011 to 2018 4. Theoretical, practical basis and methodology * Theoretical basis: The thesis is based on the viewpoint of MarxismLeninism, Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on capitalist export, foreign economic development and ES in the market economy with the state management * Practical basis: The thesis is conducted by making surveys, analysing, assessing and sintering the actual situation of different cities and provinces in the country dealing with the impact of FI on ES in recent years; consulting the data and findings of the foreign and domestic researches published previously; reports of the Government, instructions and directives of different branches, Ministries and People’s Committees in the country related to the study * Methodology: The thesis uses the methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, combined with the use of methods of analysis and synthesis; history and logic; generalization and abstraction; sociological investigation methods to fulfil the purposes and tasks of the dissertation 5. New contributions of the thesis The thesis builds up its own concept and interprets different contents and influential factors of FI on ES in Vietnam The analyses and assesses the current situation of positive and negative impact of FI on ES in Vietnam in the 2011 2018 period, identifying the causes and five urgent issues need addressing regarding to the impact of FI on ES in Vietnam Base on the practical and theoretical basis, the causes and rising issues, the study proposes four viewpoints and five solutions to promoting the positive effects and limiting negative ones of FI on ES in Vietnam in the time to come 6. Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis The thesis contributes to clarify some practical and theoretical basis about the impact of FI on ES in Vietnam. The findings of the thesis serve as practical and theoretical basis for references for different departments in giving directions to attract FI and ensure ES in Vietnam today. The dissertation it can be used as references researching and teaching related to the impact of FI on ES in Vietnam 7. Structure of the thesis The thesis includes: Introduction, chapters (9 periods), Conclusions, list of scientific works of the author related to the dissertation, list of references and Appendices Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF THE THESISRELATED RESEARCH SITUATION 1.1. The foreign works related to the thesis 1.1.1. The works on security and economic security “The link between economics, stability and security in a transforming economy” by Katarzyna Zukrowska (1999); Report of a workshop organized by the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies (IDSS) (2003), “Globalization and Economic Security in East Asia Governance and Institutions; “Economic security in an era of globalization: definition and provision” by Miles Kahler (2004); “Some Opinions on the Relation between Security Economy and Economic Security” by Valeriu Ioan Franc (2010); “Globalization, security, and economic wellbeing” by Stephen M.Carmel (2013) 1.1.2. The works on international trade, foreign investment and impacts of security on foreign investment “Analysing the impact of foreign direct investment on the development of domestic firms” by Salvador Barrios, Holger Gorg, Eric Albert Strobl (2004); “Foreign direct investment in Africa: The role of natural resources, market size, government policy, intuitions and political instability” by Asiedu (2006); “The Interplay between Foreign Direct Investment, Security and European Integration: The Case of the Central and Eastern European Countries” by Carmen Raluca Stoian & Roger Vickerman (2005); “The Impact of Inward FDI on Host Countries: Why Such Different Answers” by Robert E.Lipsey and Fredrik Sjoholm (2006); “Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries: Impact on Distribution and Employment” by Faramarz AKARAM (2008); “FDI and Economic Growth in Malaysia” by Mohammad Sharif Karimi and Zulkornain Yusop (March 2009); “Nonequity Modes Of International Production And Development” by World Investment Report (2011); “International Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Security” by Avinash Dixit (2011); The Impact of National Security on Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis” by Dickson Oriakhi Presley Osemwengie (2012); Foreign Investment, the National Interest and National Security Foreign Direct Investment in Australia and China” by Viviane Bath (March 2012); “Why Do Companies Invest Overseas?” by John Dunning (2014) 1.2. The domestic works related to the thesis 1.2.1. The works on foreign investment “Foreign direct investment in the key economic areas in the South issues for security work” by Đinh Văn Hồng (2002); “Foreign direct investment with industrialization and modernization in Vietnam” by Nguyễn Trọng Xuân (2002); “Foreign direct investment in Vietnam Current situation and solutions” by Trần Xuân Tùng (2005); “Socioeconomic issues arising in foreign direct investment: Chinese experience and reality in Vietnam” by Đỗ Đức Bình, Nguyễn Thường Lạng (2006), Nguyễn Thị Tuệ Anh (2006); “The impacts of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Vietnam” by Nguyễn Thị Tuệ Anh (2006); “Strikes in foreign invested companies Issues for the work of security and order” by Nguyễn Mạnh Thắng (2008); “Foreign direct investment in the direction of sustainable development in the key economic areas in the north” by Trần Tuyết Lan (2014); “Impacts of foreign direct and indirect investment on ASEAN economics” by Nguyễn Trung Thông (2016); “30 years of attracting foreign investment in Vietnam, insight and new opportunity in the new era” by Ministry of Planning and Investment (2018) 1.2.2. The works on economic security, national security protection “Strengthening the State management on national security in our country today” by Trần Đại Quang (1996);“Reality and solutions for economic security protection in FDI in Hung Yen province” by Bùi Mậu Quân (2001 2002); “Violation of national security in FDI current situation and solutions of Institutions of Security” by Bùi Trung Thành (2001); “Economic security protection in the current period in our country today theoretical and practical issues” by Bùi Trung Thành (2002); “Security in foreign investment in Ho Chi Minh city and some Southern provinces” by Trần Kim Ngọc (2003) and “Nguyễn Xuân Thắng (2006); “Different levels of development and economic security in ASEAN” by Nguyễn Văn Dũng (2007);“FDI in the border provinces in the North Rising issues for ensuring security and order” by Nguyễn Thường Lạng (2008); “Security in foreign investment in Vietnam in the international integration era” by Nguyễn Xuân Yêm (2008); “economic security in the integration era and WTO” by Nguyễn Hồng Hải (2010); “The work of protecting economic security for Vietnam’s importexport with America” by Đỗ Ngọc Quang (2011); “Some challenges for national security in the international integration era” by Nguyễn Thị Kim Hồng and Nguyễn Thị Bé Ba (2011);“Food security in the Mekong Delta River” by Phạm Ngọc Hiền, Nguyễn Văn Lan; “International economic integration rising issues for the Police work” by Nguyễn Văn Việt, Lê Thị Quỳnh (2011); “Ensuring environment security for the country’s sustainable development in the new situation” by Trần Minh Tơn (2014); “Ensuring security for the industrial areas in Hanoi city” by Lê Minh Thảo (2014); “The work of ensuring argicultural economic security practical and theoretical issues” by Nguyễn Ngọc Thế (2014); “Monetary financial security in Vietnam in the changes of the world financial market” by Nguyễn Thị Mùi (2015); “Nontraditional security in the international integration time” by Tô Lâm, Nguyễn Xuân Yêm (2017); “Nontraditional security practical and theoretical issues” by Tạ Ngọc Tấn, Phạm Thành Dung, Đoàn Minh Huấn (2018) 1.2.3. The works on the impacts of foreign investment “Foreign sponsor and investment in Tay Nguyen and their rising issues on security” by Trần Xuân Dung (2006), “Rising socioeconomic issues in foreign direct investment of some Asian countries and solutions for Vietnam” by Trần Quang Thắng (2012), “Antiprize transforming and some financial issues related to FDI” by Vũ Đình Ánh (2012), “Negative impacts of FDI and some rising issues for economic security in our country today” by Phạm Văn Thừa (2013), “Global financial crisis: the world and Vietnam’s response” by Nguyễn Thị Thu Hoài (2014) 1.3. Overview of the findings of the published scientific works and issues need addressing in the thesis 1.3.1. Overview of the findings of the published scientific works related to the thesis The above mentioned works show that the foreign and domestic authors have touched upon a variety of aspects of FI, ES and impacts of FI on ES Firstly: These works present the concepts and categories of economy and ES However, the concepts, categories, relations and impacts of ES are only in general in the region and in the world. Security and ES in the global world and its impacts should be specialized in each aspect and each country. These works help this thesis’s author better understand the names and relations between economy and ES Secondly: Some works touch upon impacts of ES on attracting FI and the role of the Government in maintaining the security stability to promoting FI. However, these works only show the policy to attract investment or compare interests; only few works specifically mention the negative effects of FI on ES. Thirdly, these works point out rising issues in FDI in terms of human resources, economy and society. Some present the fact that FDI in the north and some key provinces in the South contributes to the sustainable development and security insurance. However, there have been no works touching upon the impacts of FI on ES Fourthly: Some works give an analysis on security in integration and FI and point out impacts of FI in Vietnam and challenges of national security in the integration process These authors also propose solutions to ensuring ES in socioeconomic development. Some works state the reality; solutions to the protection of ES in FDI and the cities and provinces’ industrial areas, other works mention the sabotage of ES made by the hostile forces in the name of FDI Some works add, complete the theory of security, security protection and give advisory for leaders to manage the investment activity. Some other works analyse systems of specialized theory on ES protection and propose solutions to promoting the task of ensuring ES of the police in terms of FI. The point that interests this thesis’s writer is the negative and positive effects of FI on ES in different regions in the whole country. Therefore, both negative and positive factors of FI affecting ES should be taken into consideration. Fifthly, these works touch upon negative impacts of FDI on socioeconomic problems and ES These impacts are shown in the security sabotage by investment and sponsorship So far, there have no works thoroughly and systematically researching on negative and positive effects of FI on ES in Vietnam. Thus, “Impacts of FI on ES in Vietnam” needs systematically researching both theory and practice and specialized knowledge of ES in the integration period to promote positive effects and limit negative effects of FI on ES in Vietnam in the time to come 1.3.2. Issues need further addressing in the thesis From the above overview of the published works overseas and in the country, the thesis’s author finds out some scientific gaps in the impacts of FI on ES in Vietnam. Firstly, what are FI and ES? What is the conception of FI on ES in Vietnam? What are its contents? Secondly, the reality of negative and positive effects of FI on ES in Vietnam? The causes and issues need dealing with in the coming time? Thirdly, which solutions and views should be conducted to promote positive effects and limit negative ones of Fi on ES in Vietnam? In order to answer the above questions, the thesis interprets and clarifies the following issues: Firstly, building the theoretical frame on FI, ES and impacts of FI on ES in Vietnam; Secondly, making surveys and assessing objectively the current situation of impacts of FI on ES in Vietnam, indicating the causes and issues need addressing in the coming time; Thirdly, proposing systems of views and solutions to promote positive effects and limit negative effects of FI on ES in Vietnam in the time to come Summary of Chapter 1 Chapter 1 gives an overview of 16 works by foreign authors; 33 works by domestic researchers in such different types as textbooks, doctoral dissertation and articles Accordingly, this thesis’s author generalizes achievements and shortcomings of the above works and points out issues need dealing with in this study Chapter 2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND TO THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC SECURITY IN VIET NAM 2.1. Overview of foreign investment and economic security 2.1.1. Conception, forms and roles of foreign investment 2.1.1.1. Conception of foreign investment With the 2014 Investment Law, there are a lot of new points about FI in Vietnam. Under this law, the forms of investment in Vietnam are generally applied to investors (under Section 13, Article 3 of the 2014 Investment Law, “Investors are organizations and individuals performing the activities of business investment, including domestic investors, foreign investors and foreigninvested economic organizations” 2.1.1.2. Forms of investment: The 2014 Investment Law clearly stipulates investment forms in Vietnam. Accordingly, there are 4 forms of investment as follows: Investment in establishing economic 10 organizations; investment in the form of capital contribution, purchase of shares or capital contributions to economic organizations; investment contracts in the form of publicprivate partnerships (PPP contracts); business cooperation contract (BCC contract) 2.1.1.3. Roles of foreign investment 1) Add an important source of capital to the development investment in the country, solving difficulties in internal capital for investment countries; 2) Contribute to changing the structure of the economy towards industrial development and potential exploitation; 3) Promote the transformation of technology, technique, advanced and modern management methods directly and quickly, creating a premise for technological innovation and promoting domestic capacity and development goals; 4) Create conditions for countries receiving investment to access to the world market, explore and promote the advantages of their own and times’, help participate and compete internationally; 5) Create more jobs for domestic workers on the basis of developing new industries or general services; 6) Help countries receiving investment participate in various international and regional forums, creating advantages of bilateral and multilateral relations both economically and politically, step by step improving position in the international arena 2.1.2. Economic security 2.1.2.1. Conception of Economic Security From the above analytical study, the author argues that: ES is a part of national security, the state of an economic with a stable development, with little or no risk of threats to the nation's core economic interests, able to effectively prevent and deal with the effects of domestic and international factors; ES includes finance security, energy security and food security National ES is the state of a stable development economy a selfcontrol economy having ability to compete internationally in the key manufacturing industries. The economy has little or no risk of threatening the nation's core economic interests; the economy has the ability to effectively prevent and deal with the effects of domestic and international factors The contents of ES include: finance security, energy security and 12 on host countries in both positive and negative aspects 2.2.2 Contents of the impact of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam 2.2.2.1. Impacts of foreign investment on finance security in Vietnam * Positive impacts of foreign investment on finance security Firstly, developing and stabilizing domestic finance security; secondly, increasing the total indirect investment of society; thirdly, positively affecting the development of the financial market in particular, the completion of the institutions and market mechanisms in general Fourthly, enhancing opportunities and diversifying investment methods, improving the quality of human resources and income of many people. Fifthly, the impact as a boost to improve the capacity and efficiency of the state management according to the principles and requirements of market economy and international integration * Negative impacts of foreign investment on finance security Firstly, multinational companies (TNCs) can intervene and manipulate the market economy, affecting financial autonomy Secondly, the proportion of foreign investment is too large, overwhelming domestic investment; currency speculation activities, sudden capital withdrawal leading to a market dependent economy Thirdly, foreign investment is very limited in transferring new technologies that are highly competitive Fourthly, creating inflation impetus in the economy Fifthly, increasing the level of sensitivity and economic instability related to foreign factors Sixthly, increasing the risk of acquiring, merging, controlling and manipulating finance for enterprises and securities issuers Seventhly, increasing the scale, nature and urgency of fighting international economic crimes 2.2.2.2. Impacts of foreign investment on food security in Vietnam * Positive impacts of FI on food security in Vietnam Firstly, foreign investment contributes to the supplement of capital for agricultural development investment Secondly, increasing the opportunity to participate in the world agricultural supply chain Thirdly: Foreign investment creates agricultural economic restructuring towards modernization and diversification of 13 agricultural products to introduce to the market Fourth: Foreign investment improves the quality of human resources and creates jobs in the agricultural and rural economy * Negative impacts of FI on food security in Vietnam Firstly, there are not many foreign investment projects in agriculture, the capital is low and they are unevenly distributed in different fields affecting food supply Secondly, altering the structure of resources that are detrimental to food security Thirdly, increasing competitive pressure on the domestic market Fourthly, the strong impact of "technical barriers" on businesses and farmers the supply of food security Fifthly, causing insecurity to the business environment and the living environment of the population in the area of investment 2.2.2.3. Impacts of foreign investment on energy security in Vietnam * Positive impacts of foreign investment on energy security in Vietnam Firstly, affecting energy prices, power supply and energy policy improvement in Vietnam Secondly, shifting the agricultural economy using energy mainly based on traditional biomass fuels to the industrial economy using synthetic and modern forms of energy * Negative impact of FI on energy security in Vietnam Firstly, many risks in the national electricity supply Secondly, adverse impacts on energy resource management and energy price mechanism Summary of chapter 2 In chapter 2, the author has developed a theoretical framework. This is an important basis for the researcher to continue studying the current situation of attracting foreign investment and the impact of foreign investment on economic security, thereby proposing the views and solutions to promote the positive impacts and limit the negative impacts of foreign investment on economic security in the coming time Chapter 3 CURRENT SITUATION OF THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN 14 INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC SECURITY IN VIET NAM 3.1. Overview on foreign investment in Vietnam over the past time The thesis has summed up the results of the situation of attracting foreign investment up to 2018: After more than 30 years of "welcoming" FDI, from 1988 to August 2018, 63 provinces and cities of the country attracted 26,438 FDI projects of 129 countries and territories which are still valid with a total registered capital of US $ 333.83 billion and realized capital is estimated at US $ 183.62 billion, equal to 55% of the total valid registered capital disbursed in 30 years, FI has added an important capital source to the total social investment capital Through the overview of foreign investment in Vietnam over the past time, the researcher has come to assert that: In some cases, the attraction of foreign investment has not been fully calculated, attracting investment by all means, leading to the risk of imbalance, threatening the economic security such as: (i) the growth rate is still low, the quality of growth is not really sustainable; (ii) There was mainly a deficit in the trade balance in the period of 20012017; (iii) The state budget deficit tends to increase due to low efficiency in production and investment This is one of the factors that threaten the sustainability of economic security in the current period 3.2 Current situation of positive and negative impacts of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam 3.2.1. Impacts of foreign investment on finance security * Positive impacts of foreign investment on finance security Firstly, foreign investment replenishes capital, increases state budget revenue through taxes Based on an overview of the attraction of foreign investment over the past 30 years, up to August 2018, there were more than 26,500 FDI projects with the registered capital of more than 334 billion USD, the realized capital of about 184 billion USD. Foreign investors have contributed nearly 20% of GDP and are an important additional source of capital for investment and development with a proportion of about 23.7% of the total social investment capital. The Ministry of Planning and Investment also said that FI plays an important role in boosting the economic growth of Vietnam, the 15 contribution of the foreign investment sector in the country's GDP increased from 9.3 % in 1995 to 19.6% in 2017 Secondly, FI affected Finance Security in the national financial market FI is fully qualified to participate in developing the financial market, including the stock market In 2016, the stock market capitalization reached about VND 2.53 million billion (reaching 56% of GDP in 2016), increasing 30% compared to the end of 2016; for the bond market, outstanding loans are equivalent to about 30.09% of GDP. In 2017, FII capital through investment activities to contribute capital, bought shares of foreign investors amounted to 6.2 billion USD (up 45.1% compared to 2016). This means that nearly 140,000 billion dong of FII capital has been poured into Vietnam by foreign investors. FII inflows into Vietnam is a good signal for both the economy, the stock market, insurance and arrangement, innovation and equalization of stateowned enterprises to continue to be synchronized * Negative impacts of foreign investment on finance security Firstly, foreign investment intervenes, manipulates the market economy, destabilizing the national finance Fraudulent activities, money laundering activities, funding activities for illegal businesses and terrorist activities together with different types of crimes and other nontraditional security threats. The resonance of criminal activities and the negative effects of the above capital flows, especially when they occur in an "organized" way of speculators or international political hostile forces, they will harm healthy economic activity much or less; even in some cases, they discredit the state, influence and indirectly interfere in politics, making the government cabinet to collapse Secondly, too much foreign investment will dominate and decide domestic production activities Monetary speculation and sudden capital withdrawal led to the market economy being easily dependent on the outside. The increase in the percentage of holding shares of investment in manufacturing and financial markets, especially establishment stocks and shares up to a certain level of "surpassing" will allow them to directly dominate and 16 decide production activities Thirdly, FI in Vietnam is often old, backward, causing environmental pollution and less transformation of new technologies According to Deputy Minister of Planning and Investment Dao Quang Thu, statistics show that over 80% of FDI enterprises use the world's average technology, 56% use high technology, 14% is low and backward. Many cases of foreign investors take advantage of the loopholes of law to import outdate machinery and equipment into Vietnam, increase import value and value of technology transfer Fourthly, FI has caused psychological instability for domestic investors. Fifthly, FI has made the domestic stock market develop unsustainably Sixthly, economic crimes with foreign factors have been increasing and more and more sophisticated and complicated 3.2.2. Impacts of FI on food security * Positive impacts of FI on food security Firstly, FI helps to accelerate capital flows in the world, especially FDI inflows into Vietnam, thereby increasing capital investment in agriculture According to the Foreign Investment Agency (Ministry of Planning and Investment), as of February 2018, total foreign direct investment (FDI) in agriculture was USD 350 million with 514 projects If compared with the accumulated investment in the Agriculture sector, this capital only accounts for about 1% This capital is mainly from Japan Secondly, FI initially contributes to the restructuring of agricultural economy towards modernization and diversification of agricultural products FDI projects have implemented the policy of agricultural and forestry restructuring, product diversification. Up to now, there have been more than 50 countries and territories investing in the field of agriculture, forestry and fisheries of our country. The leading countries are: Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia. Japan is a major investor in this field, so far, there have been projects successfully implemented in the application of Japanese science and technology to Vietnam 17 Thirdly, meeting the demand for food and foodstuff in the country Agriculture in our country has basically met the demand for domestic food and foodstuff, ensuring food security, has formed relatively large agricultural commodity production areas, the rate of goods increased rapidly Fourthly, increasing the export value of Vietnamese agricultural products Total export turnover in 10 years (20082017) reached 261.28 billion USD, an average increase of 9.24% / year; In 2017 alone, it was 36.52 billion USD, increased by 20.05 billion compared to 2008 and was expected to reach 40 billion USD in 2018. Vietnam's agricultural products have been present in 180 countries and territories. Vietnam's agricultural exports ranked the 2nd in Southeast Asia and the 16th in the world Fourthly, contributing to training high quality staff and creating jobs for agricultural workers According to the statistics of the General Statistics Office, as of July 1, 2008, labourers working in the foreigninvested economic sector accounted for a total of 1831.4 thousand labourers, of which the agricultural sector accounted for about 8.2% of employees * Negative impacts of foreign investment on food security Firstly, it has not attracted big investors into agriculture, it was unevenly distributed FI projects in agriculture mainly come from investors in Asia with high technology that have not really been developed such as Thailand, Taiwan, Indonesia There are not many investors from countries with high level of development in agriculture such as the US, Japan, EU Secondly, changing jobs and income of workers, creating instability for sustainable development in agriculture The quality of life of food production people is not improved and vulnerable. Currently, labourers living in rural areas account for about 70% of the total labour force. Therefore, the lack of careful calculation of foreign investment in the agricultural sector may affect the employment of most rural workers Thirdly, low agricultural labour productivity increases the competitive pressure on the domestic market Fourthly, competitive pressure, quality assurance of 18 domestic agricultural producers in the international market. Fifthly, agricultural land is narrowed and habitat is destroyed 3.2.3. Impacts of foreign investment on energy security * Positive impacts of foreign investment on energy security Firstly, increasing foreign investment in clean energy, renewable energy, boosting hightech usage, low energy consumption, and improving the environment to ensure national energy security So far, 9 countries have invested in green energy FDI projects including Korea, Germany, France, India, the United States, Singapore, Russia, Belgium and China. Of these countries, the first is Korean with a total registered investment capital of over US $ 371 million, accounting for 48%; Germany ranked the second with a total registered investment capital of 226.68 million USD, accounting for 29.3% of the total registered investment capital in the green energy sector. Followed by French, Indian and US investors with total registered capital of 77.12 million USD; 59.22 million and 26 million USD respectively. Secondly, FI affects the reasonable energy price mechanism and the development of energy infrastructure in Vietnam * Negative impacts of foreign investment on energy security Firstly, the national electricity supply is not sustainable FI projects on electricity gas are often behind the schedule (gas source Block B, Blue Whale gas source and new power source projects), leading to a shortage of electricity from 7.2 to 7.5 billion kWh / year. The power sources which have been started to be put into operation in the coming time are very low compared to the requirements, currently only 7 coal thermal projects with 7,860 MW have been started and are under construction Secondly, energy management and energy price mechanism are very precarious and unstable Vietnam has attracted 16 FDI projects in the green energy sector. Countries investing in green energy projects are all developed and emerging economies such as Korea, Germany, France, the United States, Belgium and Singapore, India, Russia and China. 19 However, the number of FDI projects in the green energy sector is not commensurate with the potential and strength of Vietnam 3.3. Causes of the situation and the issues that need to be addressed in the impact of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam 3.3.1. Causes of positive impacts of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam Firstly, the objective trend of international economic integration increases foreign investment and ensures economic benefits and security of nations Secondly, the economic and binding cooperation among the countries in the development process facilitates the attraction of foreign investment and the beneficial impact of foreign investment on economic development, and economic security Thirdly, the product cycle, the transfer and exploitation of technology and experts and the access to natural resources are encouraging foreign investment promoting positive impacts, ensuring investors’ benefits and the investment recipients’ benefits Fourthly, the relationship between domestic enterprises and foreign enterprises has certain openness ensuring the interests of the parties Fifthly, the State guarantees policies and laws for foreign investment Sixthly, the capacity of domestic enterprises to join the supply chain for foreign invested enterprises is gradually affirmed Seventhly, initially promoting the role of agencies, departments, local authorities and organizations in enterprises in foreign investment activities, ensuring Economic Security on the impact of foreign investment 3.3.2. Causes of negative impacts of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam Firstly, impact the reverse of globalization Secondly, the world economy has fluctuated and caused indirect instability for Vietnam's economy, FII directly affected 20 Vietnam's financial security Thirdly, global issues are complicated and unpredictable, leading to more complicated foreign investment, causing national security instability Fourthly, some of the foreign investors because of maximizing profit and surplus value have defied all, taking advantage of foreign investment to against us in economics Fifthly, it is the lack of synchronization of mechanisms, policies, laws and documents regulating foreign investment Sixthly, a part of cadres and people are aware of and act on laws and the threat of national security in foreign investment activities insufficiently 3.3.3 Issues arising from the real impact of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam Firstly, the conflict between imbalance in attracting foreign investment with dynamism and flexibility in investment promotion and foreign investment management Secondly, the contradiction between the requirement to improve the efficiency of foreign investment and ensure longterm economic security with the unreasonable strategy, high added value and the content of knowledge technology in foreign investment attraction Thirdly, the conflict between the need to overcome the negative impacts of foreign investment and economic security with the internal difficulties of the economy is slowly removed Fourthly, the conflict between attracting foreign investment by all means with limitations in the strategy of using and managing foreign investment effectively. Summary of Chapter 3 In chapter 3, the researcher has analysed and evaluated achievements, limitations of foreign investment attraction and assessed the impact of foreign investment on Economic Security, pointed out the causes and problems posed to the impact of foreign investment on Economic Security in Vietnam over the past time; Along with the research results in chapter 2, the research results in 21 chapter will be the basis for the researcher to continue implementing the content of chapter 4 of the thesis Chapter 4 VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE THE POSITIVE IMPACTS, LIMITE THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC SECURITY IN VIETNAM IN THE COMING TIME 4.1 The viewpoint of promoting positive impacts and limiting negative impacts of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam in the coming time 4.1.1 Consistently implementing the view that foreign investment is an important part of the economy, economic security plays the central role in national security Firstly, the right perception of foreign investors must encourage longterm development of foreign investment and create the right direction Secondly, proper awareness of foreign investment position in new conditions must implement foreign investment cooperation with more extensive internal functions Thirdly, be aware of the position of Economic Security and solve the relationship between foreign investment and Economic Security well 4.1.2. Attracting foreign investment must go hand in hand with ensuring national, ethnic benefits and economic security Firstly, consistently implementing the viewpoint of ensuring national and ethnic interests in attracting foreign investment Secondly, properly orientating foreign investment activities, ensuring economic security 4.1.3 Improving the efficiency of attracting foreign investment to minimize its negative impacts on socioeconomic and economic security Firstly, it is necessary to institutionalize the Party's lines and views in this area with legal documents 22 Secondly, it is necessary to actively cooperate with foreign investment in accordance with socioeconomic development requirements and national economic security Thirdly, it is necessary to intensify monitoring and supervising foreign investment activities to limit its negative impacts on social economy and economic security 4.1.4. Closely combining foreign investment attraction with ensuring national defense and security Firstly, improving the role of participants in combining economy with national defense and security in foreign investment activities Secondly, improving the role and management capacity of the State in combining economy with national defense and security in foreign investment activities Thirdly, continuing to create a legal basis to meet practical requirements of combining economy with national defense and security in foreign investment activities Fourthly, improving the effectiveness of coordination of participating forces in combining economy with national defense in researching and forecasting foreign investment situation Fifthly, it must be conducted regularly, synchronously, comprehensively and with a focus on activities to combine economy with national defense in foreign investment activities 4.2. Solutions to promote positive impacts, limit negative impacts of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam in the coming time 4.2.1. Heightening the role of the State in attracting foreign investment with ensuring economic security Firstly, maintaining sociopolitical stability Secondly, maintaining macroeconomic stability, creating a favourable environment for foreign investment activities Thirdly, improving the legal framework related to foreign investment and economic security 4.2.2. Capital restructuring, investment structured towards improving foreign investment efficiency Firstly, restructuring foreign investment capital in the 23 direction of having a focus Secondly, implementing investment restructuring of the foreign invested sector 4.2.3. Ensuring economic security in attracting foreign investment Firstly, it is necessary to innovate the thinking, the awareness of the role, the position in ensuring economic security in the strategy of national security protection Secondly, it is required to ensure finance security Thirdly, it is required to ensure food security Fourthly, it is required to ensure energy security 4.2.4. Improving the quality of human resources to meet the requirements in the area of foreign investment Firstly, it is to strengthen combining businesses with training institutions Secondly, it is to strengthen retraining central and local cadres on knowledge and capacity to implement foreign investment policies, ensuring economic security Thirdly, it is to raise the level of human resources to catch high quality foreign investment projects 4.2.5 Closely coordinating forces in managing foreign investment activities and ensuring economic security Firstly, it is necessary to comply with the program, plan and determine the right coordinative forces Secondly, it is necessary to clearly define the content, form of coordinative forces Thirdly, it is necessary to clearly identify the agency in charge of coordinating activities of forces Fourthly, the Army and the Police actively participate in coordinative activities 24 Summary of Chapter 4 From theoretical and practical research on the impact of foreign investment on economic security, on the basis of assessing the impact of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam over the past time, the fourth chapter of the thesis has studied and proposed 4 viewpoints and 5 solutions to promote positive impacts and limit negative impacts of foreign investment on economic security in the coming time CONCLUSION Economic Security in attracting foreign investment in Vietnam is a very complex issue, it contains many interwoven relationships which are diverse and at many levels, requiring clear analysis and evaluation methods. This requires a deeper study of the impact of foreign investment on economic security as well as the need to demonstrate appropriate and effective longterm viewpoints and solutions to promote positive impacts and limit negative impacts of FI in national security in different stages of national economic development. Therefore, studying the topic "foreign investment impact on economic security in Vietnam" as a doctoral thesis topic is an important issue both on the economic and political level 2. Foreign investment is a very complex economic activity. It is even more complicated when capitalists invest in a socialist country Therefore, the impact of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam today needs to focus on many issues implemented in many stages and steps with the participation of many subjects. However, under the approach of the political economics department, with the method of scientific abstraction, the thesis focuses on researching the impact of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam on three main contents: Positive impacts, negative impacts of foreign investment on Finance Security; Food Security and Energy Security. Because these are the core basic contents that when deployed and implemented well in the field of attracting foreign investment in Vietnam today will have a decisive meaning to the quality, efficiency, management of foreign capital for socioeconomic development of the 25 country and ensuring economic security 3. The impact of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam is influenced by the many objective and subjective factors, of which it is mainly due to: Economic developments in the country and in the world; globalization and international economic integration; policies and guidelines of the Party, socioeconomic development strategy of the country, mechanisms and policies for attracting foreign investment and ensuring economic security; awareness and responsibility of the leadership and management agencies of the Party, the State and the management apparatus in the field of attracting and using foreign investment capital and ensuring economic security. The precise identification of the impact factors is very important in pointing out the causes, achievements, limitations and at the same time is one of the bases for setting out the views and solutions to promote the positive impacts and limit the negative impacts of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam 4. In the coming time, attracting foreign investment in multi dimensional relationships, intertwining very complexly of the world and foreign investors entering Vietnam will give a rise to a new series of comments such as: Finance Security becomes a focus of Economic Security; Energy Security becomes an especially important and sensitive issue in Economic Security, even affecting the political and military security; Food Security is the basic and longterm issue of Economic Security. From these assessments, the thesis offers four views and five solutions to promote the positive impacts and limit the negative impacts of foreign investment on Economic Security in Vietnam in the coming time In order to promote the process of attracting foreign investment effectively and ensuring Economic Security in Vietnam in the coming time, according to the author, along with thorough understanding and raising awareness of basic points, it is necessary to seriously implement the main solutions that the thesis has mentioned. Especially, it is necessary to strengthen the leadership of the Party, the management of the State and the close coordination between functional agencies and departments in attracting, managing and using foreign investment capital and ensuring economic security. The leadership of the Party, the management of the State is a decisive 26 factor to the success of the process of attracting foreign investment and ensuring economic security ... investment on economic security in Vietnam 2.2.1. Conception of the impact of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam From the analysis of some arguments, the author gives the notion: The impact of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam is the. .. impacts of foreign investment on economic security in the coming time Chapter 3 CURRENT SITUATION OF THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN 14 INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC SECURITY IN VIET NAM 3.1. Overview on foreign investment in Vietnam over the past time ... of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam 3.2.1. Impacts of foreign investment on finance security * Positive impacts of foreign investment on finance security Firstly, foreign