Screening of promising sorghum genotypes against turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs) under glasshouse conditions

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Linn. Moench) popularly known as Jowar, is the major cereal consumed in India and ranks fifth after wheat, rice, maize and pearl millet. A total of 23 sorghum genotypes were screened for their reaction against turcicum leaf blight under glass house condition. Out of 23 genotypes screened, four showed resistant reaction (Grade-2) viz., J-P-1-5, J-9, IS-2312 and C-42. Whereas M 35-1, J-33, J-3-1, J-4-1, Chincholli, GS-23, E-36-1, J-35, C-35, J-9-12, J-6-2, J-11, C-30, J-8 and C-28 showed moderately resistant reaction (Grade-3) and remaining four genotypes viz., DSV-4, SPV-86, DJ-6514, H-112 recorded susceptible reaction (Grade-4).

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(5): 655-658 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume Number 05 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.805.076 Screening of Promising Sorghum Genotypes against Turcicum Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs) under Glasshouse Conditions Raghavender Yelgurty1*, S.K Jayalkshmi2, B Zaheer Ahamed3, Shreedevi S Chavan4 and G Girish4 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur-584104, Karnataka, India Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Kalaburagi – 585101, Karnataka, India Department of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kalaburagi – 585101, Karnataka, India Department of Genetics and plant breeding, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur-584104, Karnataka, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Sorghum, Turcicum leaf blight, Screening, Exerohilum turcicum Article Info Accepted: 10 April 2019 Available Online: 10 May 2019 Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Linn Moench) popularly known as Jowar, is the major cereal consumed in India and ranks fifth after wheat, rice, maize and pearl millet A total of 23 sorghum genotypes were screened for their reaction against turcicum leaf blight under glass house condition Out of 23 genotypes screened, four showed resistant reaction (Grade-2) viz., J-P-1-5, J-9, IS-2312 and C-42 Whereas M 35-1, J-33, J-3-1, J-4-1, Chincholli, GS-23, E-36-1, J-35, C-35, J-9-12, J-6-2, J-11, C-30, J-8 and C-28 showed moderately resistant reaction (Grade-3) and remaining four genotypes viz., DSV-4, SPV-86, DJ-6514, H-112 recorded susceptible reaction (Grade-4) maize and pear millet cultivated in 6.16 million hectares in both kharif (2.26m.ha) and rabi (3.89m.ha) with an annual production of 5.44 million tons of grain with productivity of 8.44 kg per hectare (INDIASTAT, 2015) Introduction Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Linn Moench) popularly known as Jowar, is the major cereal consumed in India and ranks fifth after wheat, rice, maize and pearl millet The world production of grain sorghum is 70.83 million tons from 44.8 million area of land (FAOSTAT, 2014) India is major producer of sorghum, ranks fifth after, wheat, rice, In India the sorghum is cultivated in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh as rainfed crop to an extent of 85 per cent (4.93m.ha) In Karnataka sorghum production 655 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(5): 655-658 is about 1.32 million tons in an area of 1.04 million with the average productivity of 1180 kg per The sorghum is the main food crop of Hyderabad-Karnataka region and occupies an area of 5.6 lakh hectares with production of 5.5 lakh tons and productivity of 1122kg per (Anon., 2014-15) the most destructive foliar diseases of maize and sorghum It can cause yield reduction more than 50 % in susceptible varieties and is favoured by mild temperatures and humid weather conditions with heavy dews (Bergquist, 1986) The disease occurs as long elliptic tan lesions that develop on lower leaves and progress upwards Susceptibility to Exserohilum turcicum is reported to decrease with crop maturity (Frederiksen, 1980) As the rabi sorghum produces the white pearly grains which is mainly used for food in India for the preparation of roti It is also an important animal feed (swine, poultry and cattle) used in countries like U.S., Mexico, South America and Australia Sorghum, as a food, feed and bio fuel crop with excellent drought resistance compared to other cereals, is considered as a “failsafe crop” (Burke et al., 2010) Most of the composites and hybrids which are being grown on commercial scale are found to be more or less susceptible to TLB Host plant resistance is considered as most practical, feasible and economical method of plant disease management Hence, screening of promising sorghum genotypes was undertaken under artificial inoculated conditions to identify source of resistance Sorghum grain is a principal source of energy, protein, vitamins and minerals for the poor people living in the semi-arid tropics It is nutritionally superior to rice because of its high mineral and fiber content Starch (6075%) is the main component of sorghum grain, followed by proteins (7-15%), nonstarch polysaccharides (2-7%) and fat (1.56%).The average energetic value of whole sorghum grain flour is 356 kcal/100gm (Dicko et al., 2006) Sorghum is a good source of vitamins, notably the B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine and niacin) and the liposoluable vitamins A, D, E and K Unique property of sorghum grain makes it well suited to prepare various food items such as porridge, unleavened bread, cookies, cakes, couscous and malted beverages, etc Materials and Methods Nearly 23 promising sorghum genotypes were screened under glasshouse conditions by using Pot culture technique (Greenhouse screening technique) Inoculum preparation The fungal isolate was grown in potato dextrose broth in a rotary shaker (25°C, 125 rpm, with cool light) for 10 days Conidia were separated from mycelial mat and medium by filtering the cultures through double-layered muslin cloth, and spore was adjusted to concentration (1×105 conidia mL-1) with the help of haemocytometer Two drops of Tween-20TM was added to 100 ml inoculum just before inoculation Even though the crop is robust and versatile, it has faced drawbacks in terms of yield and reduction in acreage due various diseases The major diseases that affect sorghum include downy mildew, turcicum leaf blight, anthracnose and sorghum smuts (covered kernel smut, loose smut, long smut and head smuts) Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) is one of Inoculation Inoculum was sprayed on 21-days old plants raised in pots using a hand-held atomizer The inoculated plants were air dried and 656 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(5): 655-658 transferred to a humid chamber for 24 h Five plants/pot with replications were maintained for each genotype The plants were transferred to greenhouse benches and the pots were arranged in a complete randomized design and regular watering was provided to maintain high humidity Data was recorded on latent period (time in days for the appearance of first chlorotic/necrotic lesion) starting the 4th day after inoculation on each genotype Data was recorded for disease reaction types and disease severity on (1 to scale) as described below (Thakur et al., 2007) 14 days after inoculation Results and Discussion A total of 23 sorghum genotypes were screened for their reaction against turcicum leaf blight under glass house condition Table.1 Disease severity (1-5 scale) against E turcicum (Thakur et al., 2007) Severity Rating Symptom and lesion types (on top four leaves) No visible symptoms/chlorotic Flecks Up to 10% leaf area covered with small restricted lesions 11−25% leaf area covered with small restricted lesions 26−50% leaf area covered with large coalescing lesions >50% leaf area covered with large coalescing lesions Reaction type Highly resistant (HR) Resistant (R) Moderately resistant (MR) Susceptible (S) Highly susceptible (HS) Table.2 Reaction of sorghum genotypes against E turcicum under glasshouse conditions SL.N0 10 11 12 13 Genotypes J-6-2 J-4-1 J-9-12 J-9 J-35 J-33 C-38 C-35 C-42 C-28 J-11 J-8 J-3-1 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 GS-23 Chincholli DSV-4 E-36-1 J-P-1-5 DJ-6514 SPV-86 IS-2312 (Resistant Check) H-112 (Susceptible check) M 35-1 Grade 3 3 3 3 3 Reaction MR MR MR R MR MR MR MR R MR MR MR MR 3 4 4 MR MR S MR R S S R S MR Checks R-Resistant, MR-Moderately resistant, S-Susceptible 657 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(5): 655-658 The results reveals that, Out of 23 genotypes screened, four showed resistant reaction (Grade-2) viz., J-P-1-5, J-9, IS-2312 and C42 Whereas M 35-1, J-33, J-3-1, J-4-1, Chincholli, GS-23, E-36-1, J-35, C-35, J-912, J-6-2, J-11, C-30, J-8 and C-28 showed moderately resistant reaction (Grade-3) and remaining four genotypes viz., DSV-4, SPV86, DJ-6514, H-112 recorded susceptible reaction (Grade-4) indicating their susceptibility for TLB under glasshouse condition (Table and 2) green drought tolerance trait in sorghum germplasm Agron J., 102: 1118-1122 Dicko, M.H., Gruppen, H., Zouzouho, O C., Traore A S., Berkel, W J and Voragen, A G J., 2006, Effect of germination on amylases and phenolics related enzymes in fifty sorghum verities grouped according to food-end use properties J Sci Food Agric., 86:130-143 Frederiksen, R.A., 1980 Sorghum leaf blight In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Sorghum Diseases: 1115 Dec 1978, Hyderabad, ICRISAT, Patancheru, A.P 502324, India pp 243-248 FAOSTAT, 2014, World Sorghum production and utilization FAO Rome Available on http://www.faostat.fao.org./ foodgrains INDISTSAT 2015, India sorghum production and utilization New Delhi Available on http://www.indiastat.com/agri culture/2/foodgrains/17180/jowargreat millet Thakur, R.P., Reddy, B V S and Mathur, K., 2007, Screening techniques for sorghum diseases Information Bulletin No 76 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 92 pp Vaibhav, S., and Yogendra, S., 2014, Screening of germplasm against Exserohilum leaf blight Indian Journal Of Animal Nutrition, 7(16): 2087-2089 These are in agreement with results obtained by earlier workers (Vaibhav and Yogendra 2014) while working with turcicum leaf blight of sorghum who found 39 germplasms showed resistant reaction which included SPV 2019, SPV 2024, SPH 1653, SPV 2020 and SPV 2021; 43 showed moderately resistant reaction while 11 were recorded as susceptible Moderately resistant germplasms included SPV 1822, SPV 2011, CSH 23, SPV 1871, SPV 2027 and SPV 2010 References Anonymous, 2014-15, Directorate of Economics and Statistic Bengaluru High power committee report pp: 6874 Bergquist, R., 1986., Leaf blight, In: Compendium of Sorghum Diseases American Phytopathological Society., 48:56-58 Burke, J.J., Franks, C.D., Burrow, G and Xin Z 2010 Selection system for the stay How to cite this article: Raghavender Yelgurty, S.K Jayalkshmi, B Zaheer Ahamed, Shreedevi S Chavan and Girish, G 2019 Screening of Promising Sorghum Genotypes against Turcicum Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs) under Glasshouse Conditions Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 8(05): 655-658 doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.805.076 658 ... Girish, G 2019 Screening of Promising Sorghum Genotypes against Turcicum Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs) under Glasshouse Conditions Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 8(05):... economical method of plant disease management Hence, screening of promising sorghum genotypes was undertaken under artificial inoculated conditions to identify source of resistance Sorghum grain... Susceptible (S) Highly susceptible (HS) Table.2 Reaction of sorghum genotypes against E turcicum under glasshouse conditions SL.N0 10 11 12 13 Genotypes J-6-2 J-4-1 J-9-12 J-9 J-35 J-33 C-38 C-35