Rural development principles policies and management 3rd by singh

Rural Development ii Rural Development Rural Development Principles, Policies and Management Third Edition Katar Singh Copyright © Katar Singh, 2009 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher First published in 1986 This Third Edition published in 2009 by SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd B1/I-1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044, India www.sagepub.in SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA SAGE Publications Ltd Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP, United Kingdom SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte Ltd 33 Pekin Street #02-01 Far East Square Singapore 048763 Published by Vivek Mehra for SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd, typeset in 10/12 pt Palatino by Star Compugraphics Private Limited, Delhi and printed at Chaman Enterprises, New Delhi Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Available ISBN: 978-81-7829-926-6 (PB) The SAGE Team: Anjana C Saproo, Vikas Jain, Mathew P.J and Trinankur Banerjee To the fond memory of my beloved parents vi Rural Development Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Boxes Preface to the Third Edition Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition xi xiii xiv xv xvii xix Introduction „ Concepts and Connotations of Rural Development „ Basic Elements of Rural Development „ Growth versus Development „ Why Rural Development „ Rising Expectations and Development „ Development and Change „ Human Beings as the Cause and Consequence of Development „ Some Dilemmas in Development „ Main Points „ Questions for Discussion 6 11 13 Rural Economy of India „ Introduction „ Size and Structure of the Rural Economy „ The Characteristics of the Rural Sector „ The Role of the Agricultural Subsector „ The Role of the Non-agricultural Subsector „ Challenges and Opportunities „ Main Points „ Questions for Discussion 14 14 15 21 25 29 32 34 36 Measures of Development „ Introduction „ Measures of Level of Rural Development „ Measures of Income Distribution „ Measures of Development Simplified „ Concepts and Measures of Rural Poverty 37 37 38 46 49 50 vii viii Rural Development „ „ Main Points Questions for Discussion 56 57 Some Paradigms of Rural Development „ Introduction „ The Modernisation Theory „ The Dependency Theory of the Marxist School „ Rosenstein-Rodan’s Theory of the ‘Big Push’ „ Leibenstein’s ‘Critical Minimum Effort Thesis’ „ Lewis’ Model of Economic Development „ Gunnar Myrdal’s Thesis of ‘Spread and Backwash’ Effects „ The Human Capital Model of Development „ The Gandhian Model of Rural Development „ Development Theories from Other Social Sciences „ Main Points „ Questions for Discussion 59 60 61 62 64 64 65 67 68 69 73 74 76 Determinants of Rural Development „ Introduction „ Changes in Output „ Natural Resources „ Human Resources „ Capital „ Technology „ Organisational and Institutional Framework „ Relation between Rural Development and Its Determinants „ Main Points „ Questions for Discussion 78 79 80 82 86 87 90 92 95 95 98 Rural Development Policies „ Introduction „ Freedom, Control and Public Policy „ Need for a Rural Development Policy „ Goals of Rural Development Policy „ Hierarchy of Policy Goals „ Rural Development Policies in India „ Globalisation and Rural Development „ Main Points „ Questions for Discussion 99 99 100 101 103 104 106 125 128 130 Strategies for Sustainable Development „ Introduction „ The Concepts of Sustainability and Sustainable Development „ Some Indicators of Non-sustainable Development „ A Critical Review of India’s Strategies of Rural Development 131 131 132 135 141 Contents „ „ „ Some Elements of a New Strategy for Sustainable Development Main Points Questions for Discussion ix 144 152 153 Policy Instruments of Rural Development „ Introduction „ A Conceptual Framework „ An Action System „ Policy Instruments „ Main Points „ Questions for Discussion 155 155 156 159 159 175 177 Equity-oriented and Growth-oriented Programmes „ Introduction „ Equity-oriented Programmes „ Growth-oriented Programmes „ Main Points „ Questions for Discussion 178 178 179 184 195 197 10 Poverty and Unemployment Eradication Programmes „ Introduction „ Current Poverty Scenario and Trends „ Rural Employment Scenario „ Poverty and Unemployment Alleviation Programmes „ Social Welfare-oriented Programmes (SWOP) „ Main Points „ Questions for Discussion 198 198 199 204 207 216 218 220 11 Natural Resources and Infrastructure Development Programmes „ Introduction „ Natural Resources-based Programmes „ National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS) „ Pilot Weather-based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) „ Infrastructure Development Programmes „ Main Points „ Questions for Discussion 221 222 222 230 231 231 240 241 12 Planning for Rural Development „ Introduction „ Levels and Functions of Planning „ Decentralisation of Planning „ Methodology of Micro-level Planning „ Methodology for Block- and District-level Planning „ Main Points „ Questions for Discussion 243 243 244 246 247 250 257 259 .. .Rural Development ii Rural Development Rural Development Principles, Policies and Management Third Edition Katar Singh Copyright © Katar Singh, 2009 All rights reserved... Concepts and Connotations of Rural Development „ Basic Elements of Rural Development „ Growth versus Development „ Why Rural Development „ Rising Expectations and Development „ Development and Change... define and elaborate the basic concepts and elements of rural development; distinguish between development and economic growth, and development and change; elaborate the rationale for rural development