Ergonomics and human factors in safety management

ERGONOMICS AND HUMAN FACTORS IN SAFETY MANAGEMENT INDUSTRIAL AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SERIES Series Editor Waldemar Karwowski PUBLISHED TITLES: Ergonomics and Human Factors in Safety Management Pedro Miguel Ferreira Martins Arezes and Paulo Victor Rodrigues de Carvalho Manufacturing Productivity in China Li Zheng, Simin Huang, and Zhihai Zhang Supply Chain Management and Logistics: Innovative Strategies and Practical Solutions Zhe Liang, Wanpracha Art Chaovalitwongse, and Leyuan Shi Mobile Electronic Commerce: Foundations, Development, and Applications June Wei Managing Professional Service Delivery: Rules for Success Barry Mundt, Francis J Smith, and Stephen D Egan Jr Laser and Photonic Systems: Design and Integration Shimon Y Nof, Andrew M Weiner, and Gary J Cheng Design and Construction of an RFID-enabled Infrastructure: The Next Avatar of the Internet Nagabhushana Prabhu Cultural Factors in Systems Design: Decision Making and Action Robert W Proctor, Shimon Y Nof, and Yuehwern Yih Handbook of Healthcare Delivery Systems Yuehwern Yih ERGONOMICS AND HUMAN FACTORS IN SAFETY MANAGEMENT EDITED BY Pedro M Arezes Paulo Victor Rodrigues de Carvalho CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S Government works Printed on acid-free paper Version Date: 20160419 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-2756-3 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint Except as permitted under U.S Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978750-8400 CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe Library of Congress Cataloging.in.Publication Data Names: Arezes, Pedro M., editor | Carvalho, Paulo Victor Rodrigues de, editor Title: Ergonomics and human factors in safety management / [edited by] Pedro Miguel Ferreira Martins Arezes and Paulo Victor Rodrigues de Carvalho Description: Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2016 | Series: Industrial and systems engineering series | Includes bibliographical references Identifiers: LCCN 2016010604 | ISBN 9781498727563 (hard cover) Subjects: LCSH: Industrial safety | Human engineering | Manufacturing processes Human factors Classification: LCC T55 E69 2016 | DDC 658.4/08 dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016010604 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Preface Editors Contributors SECTION I Occupation Safety Chapter Reliability in Occupational Risk Assessment: Stability and Reproducibility Evaluation When Using a Matrix-Based Approach Filipa Carvalho and Rui B Melo Chapter Regulatory, Organizational, and Operational Issues in Road Construction Safety Ashim Kumar Debnath, Tamara Banks, Ross Blackman, Nathan Dovan, Narelle Haworth, and Herbert Biggs Chapter Development of an Occupational Health and Safety Management System for Manufacturing Companies in Mexico Using Factorial Analysis Luis Cuautle Gutiérrez and Miguel Angel Avila Sánchez Chapter Characterization of the Portuguese Furniture Industry’s Safety Performance and Monitoring Tools Matilde A Rodrigues, Pedro Arezes, and Celina P Leão Chapter HSEQ Assessment Procedure for Supplying Network: A Tool for Promoting Sustainability and Safety Culture in SMEs Seppo Väyrynen, Henri Jounila, Jukka Latva-Ranta, Sami Pikkarainen, and Kaj von Weissenberg Chapter Ergonomics Point of View of Work Accidents in Safety Management Perspective Mario Cesar R Vidal, Rodrigo Arcuri Marques Pereira, Renato José Bonfatti, Alessandro Jatobá, and Paulo Victor Rodrigues de Carvalho Chapter S-MIS: Identifying, Monitoring, and Interpreting Proactive Safety Indicators Toni Waefler, Simon Binz, and Katrin Fischer SECTION II Safety and Human Factors in Training and Simulation Chapter Abilities and Cognitive Task Analysis in an Electric System Control Room for Developing a Training Simulator Regina Heloisa Maciel, Rosemary Cavalcante Gonỗalves, Luciana Maria Maia, Klendson Marques Canuto, and Vamberto Lima Cabral Chapter Immersive Virtual Environment or Conventional Training? Assessing the Effectiveness of Different Training Methods on the Performance of Industrial Operators in an Accident Scenario Salman Nazir, Alberto Gallace, Davide Manca, and Kjell Ivar Øvergård Chapter 10 Knowledge Management for Counterbalancing the Process of Loss of Skills at Work: A Practical Study Raoni Rocha, Vitor Figueiredo, and Ana Karla Baptista Chapter 11 Human Factors Analysis and Behavior Modeling for the Simulation of Evacuation Scenarios Verena Wagner, Konrad Wolfgang Kallus, Norah J Neuhuber, Michael Schwarz, Helmut Schrom-Feiertag, Martin Stubenschrott, Martin Pszeida, Stefan Ladstätter, and Lucas Paletta Chapter 12 Development of an Interactive Educational Game to Learn Human Error: In Case of Developing a Serious Game to Acquire Understanding of Slips Midori Inaba, Ikuo Shirai, Ken Kusukami, and Shigeru Haga SECTION III Models and Other Topics Chapter 13 Transitional Journey Maps: Reflections on Creating Workflow Visualizations Reinier J Jansen, René van Egmond, and Huib de Ridder Chapter 14 The Missing Links in System Safety Management Karen Klockner and Yvonne Toft Chapter 15 Prediction of High Risk of Drowsy Driving by a Bayesian Estimation Method: An Attempt to Prevent Traffic Accidents due to Drowsy Driving Atsuo Murata Chapter 16 Space Missions as a Safety Model Irene Lia Schlacht Chapter 17 Categorization of Effective Safety Leadership Facets Sari Tappura and Noora Nenonen Chapter 18 Women with Upper Limb Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) and Housework Zixian Yang and Therma Wai Chun Cheung Index Preface This book is a compilation of contributions from invited authors organized in 18 chapters and grouped by three main topics All of the authors were invited after their participation in the 2nd and 3rd International Conferences on Safety Management and Human Factors, which are affiliated with the International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics This book has contributions from 60 authors from 11 countries, and it intends to cover specific aspects of safety and human factors management, ranging from case studies to the development of theoretical models The chapters are organized into three different topics, which will allow readers to clearly identify the main focus of each chapter The first section, comprised of the first seven chapters, is dedicated to occupational safety Chapter 1, from Carvalho and Melo describes the matrix-based technique used to perform occupational risk assessment They claim that this approach has advantages in occupational risk assessments, namely, because it allies the advantages of both the quantitative and qualitative approaches and overcomes some of their limitations In this chapter, Carvalho and Melo present a study to evaluate the reliability of the matrix-based approach Chapter 2, from Debnath et al., discusses regulatory, organizational, and operational issues in road construction safety in Australia In their study, from the state of Queensland, Australia, they examine how well the tripartite (regulatory, organization, and operational) framework functions The study identifies several factors influencing the translation of safety policies into practice, including the cost of safety measures in the context of competitive tendering, the lack of firm evidence of the effectiveness of safety measures, and pressures to minimize disruption to the traveling public The contribution of Gutiérrez and Sánchez, in Chapter 3, describes the development of an occupational health and safety management system for manufacturing companies in Mexico using factorial analysis Their research, based on a survey conducted among 32 Mexican manufacturing companies, attempts to give clarity to Mexican manufacturing companies in the creation of a unique management system that covers occupational safety aspects and allows them to accomplish government as well as global clients’ requirements In Chapter 4, from Rodrigues et al., the authors present a study developed within the Portuguese furniture industrial sector, in which they characterize the safety performance of the sector, namely, by analyzing the corresponding occupational accidents and identifying the key unsafe conditions that can originate these accidents Using a sample of 14 Portuguese companies of this sector, they also analyzed the applicability of the Safety Climate in Wood Industries as a tool to monitor companies’ safety performance and assess the safety climate within those companies Among other results, they found a strong positive linear correlation between safety climate scores and the companies’ safety performance Väyrynen et al present a review about health, safety, environment, and quality (HSEQ) management in Chapter They describe a model used for HSEQ assessment that has been developed and applied within many Finnish company networks They also focus on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their work systems with outcomes, their HSEQ assessment Index AAA, see American Automobile Association (AAA) Abilities and cognitive task analysis background, 165 company, 165–167 hierarchical task analysis (HTA), 167–168 of high-voltage operations, 168–174 of low-voltage operations, 177–181 of medium-voltage operations, 174–177 overview, 164 SHERPA analysis, 168, 181 Accidentability, 117 Accident modeling Contributing Factors Framework (CFF), 311–312 and derailment safety, 318–320 information visualization, 314 methods-sine-model versus model-cum-method, 310 overview, 305–306 representation of sociotechnical systems, 322–323 research method steps, 316 and SAFE-Net, 315–316 and modeling options, 317–318 traditional data analysis versus, 318 safety occurrence themes, 312–313 sequential, 306–308 summary, 310–311 systemic, 308–309 Accident-proneness, 117 Accuracy, and risk assessment, Activity modeling, and ergonomics, 125–126 Advanced vehicle control systems (AVCSs), 326 Agent-based simulation, 237–248 behavior model, 240–241 locomotion model, 241 perception model, 238–240 scenario 1, 242–246 scenario 2, 246–247 simulation study, 241–242 Agreement, and risk assessment, AHFE, see Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE) Alarm response behavior, 292–295 American Automobile Association (AAA), 326 Analysis grid, 10 Anthropotechnologic perspective, 120, 128–130 Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE), 345 Auditory signals, interpretation of, 288–289 AVCSs, see Advanced vehicle control systems (AVCSs) AXIM™, 191 BAS, see Behavioral activation system (BAS) Basic indicator model, 147–149 Bayes’ theorem, and ESOC, 295–296 Behavioral activation system (BAS), 234 Behavioral inhibition system (BIS), 233–234 Behavior model, 240–241 BGE, see Blender Game Engine (BGE) Biomechanical risks, of RSI, 388–389 BIS, see Behavioral inhibition system (BIS) Blender Game Engine (BGE), 360 CFA, see Confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) CFF, see Contributing Factors Framework (CFF) Cognitive biases, and S-MIS on group level, 142–143 on individual level, 141–142 Conceptual evolution ergonomics point of view, 121–126 activity modeling, 125–126 human factors formulation, 122–124 interface technology, 124–125 as subject, 111–116 of work accident notion focus on context, 119–121 focus on victim, 116–117 transition view, 117–119 Confirmation bias, 142 Confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA), 58–59 Contributing Factors Framework (CFF), 311–312, 316 Control room operators (CROPs), 191 CROPs, see Control room operators (CROPs) CTDs, see Cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) Cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs), 385 Derailment safety, and accident modeling, 318–320 Detect Aliens! (game), 255 Distributed control system (DCS), 188 Drowsy driving method apparatus, 328 data analysis, 330–333 participants, 328 procedure, 329 risky state identification, 334–335 virtual crash, 333–334 overview, 325–328 result, 335–337 Dutch national police vehicles (case study), 277–287 activity categorization, 279–281 apparatus, 278–279 and cognitive overload, 284–285 fragmentation, 277–278 method, 278 and operational policing, 283–284 participants, 278 procedure, 279 solo and dual patrol, 285–287 ECG, see Electrocardiography (ECG) Ecomanagement and Audit Scheme (EMAS), 89 EEG, see Electroencephalography (EEG) EFA, see Exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) Electrocardiography (ECG), 325–326 Electroencephalography (EEG), 325–327 Electrooculography (EOG), 327 EOG, see Electrooculography (EOG) Ergonomics, 208–210, 227–228 Ergonomics point of view conceptual evolution, 121–126 activity modeling, 125–126 human factors formulation, 122–124 interface technology, 124–125 of safety management, 126–132 anthropotechnologic perspective, 128–130 of sociotechnical reliability, 126–128 variability management, 130–132 ESA, see European Space Agency (ESA) ESAW-III, see European Statistics on Accidents at Work Methodology (ESAW-III) ESTEC, see European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) ETGs, see Eye tracking glasses (ETGs) European Space Agency (ESA), 355 European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) satellite control rooms, 287–297 activity categorization, 291–292 alarm response behavior, 292–295 apparatus, 290 and Bayes’ theorem, 295–296 feedback signals versus nuisance signals, 296 interpretation of auditory signals, 288–289 method, 289–290 participants, 290 procedure, 290 system description, 289 European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), 355 European Statistics on Accidents at Work Methodology (ESAW-III), 68 EVA, see Extra vehicular activity (EVA) Evacuation assistant, occurrence of, 234–235 ExoLab, 355–359 Expertise acquisition, 212–213 Exploratory factorial analysis (EFA), 57–58 Extra vehicular activity (EVA), 350, 353 Eye tracking glasses (ETGs), 233 Factorial analysis confirmatory (CFA), 58–59 exploratory (EFA), 57–58 FARS, see Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Fast Fourier transform (FFT), 330 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), 326 Federation of Finnish Enterprises, 90 Feedback signals versus nuisance signals, 296 Field operators (FOPs), 191 Field study, human factors and psychology, 233–237 behavioral activation system (BAS), 234 behavioral inhibition system (BIS), 233–234 occurrence of evacuation assistant, 234–235 visual perception, 235–236 Field team management, 178–180 FOPs, see Field operators (FOPs) FRAM, see Functional Resonance Accident Model (FRAM) Functional Resonance Accident Model (FRAM), 309–310 GEE, see Portuguese Office of Strategy and Studies (GEE) General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), 176 GPRS, see General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Group level, cognitive biases on, 142–143 Groupthink, 142 Guiltiness, 116 Health, safety, environment, and quality (HSEQ) assessment current issues, 86–90 framework for applying procedure, 90–95 general backgrounds, 84–87 method and materials, 95–96 overview, 83 quantitative indicators of, 96–99 supplier experiences with business benefits in, 99–100 things that affect supplier performance, 101–102 Heart rate variability (HRV), 327 Hierarchical task analysis (HTA), 167–168 of high-voltage (HV) operations, 168–174 network monitoring, 173 scheduled occurrences management, 170–172 unscheduled occurrences management, 173–174 of low-voltage (LV) operations, 177–181 briefing of next operator, 180–181 field team management, 178–180 finalizing occurrences, 180 occurrence management, 177–178 of medium-voltage (MV) operations, 174–177 corrective actions to restore system, 176 identifying unscheduled occurrences, 176 scheduled actions, 177 High-voltage (HV) operations, and HTA, 168–174 network monitoring, 173 scheduled occurrences management, 170–172 unscheduled occurrences management, 173–174 HRV, see Heart rate variability (HRV) HSEQ, see Health, safety, environment, and quality (HSEQ) assessment HTA, see Hierarchical task analysis (HTA) Human factors and psychology agent-based simulation, 237–248 behavior model, 240–241 locomotion model, 241 perception model, 238–240 scenario 1, 242–246 scenario 2, 246–247 simulation study, 241–242 field study, 233–237 behavioral activation system (BAS), 234 behavioral inhibition system (BIS), 233–234 occurrence of evacuation assistant, 234–235 visual perception, 235–236 overview, 232–233 Human factors formulation, and ergonomics, 122–124 IBM SPSS® version 20, 70 Idealized influence, and safety leadership, 374–375 Ignition theory, 119 ILEWG, see International Lunar Exploration Working Group (ILEWG) Immersive virtual environments (IVEs) experiment results, 196–198 limitations of, 201–202 overview, 186–190 participants, 191 performance assessment, 194–196 plant simulator, 190–191 procedure, 191–193 training, 193–194 IMSS, see Social Security Mexican Institute (IMSS) Indicator interrelations, and S-MIS qualitative judgment of, 156–157 quantitative calculation and, 156–158 Individual consideration, and safety leadership, 375 Individual level, cognitive biases on, 141–142 Information visualization, 314 Inspirational motivation, and safety leadership, 375–376 Integrated design process (IDP) versus safety, 346–347 Intellectual stimulation, and safety leadership, 376–377 Interactive educational game, and human error features of, 255–257 cycle of presenting images of aliens, 257 length of time limits, 257 task difficulty, 255–257 overview, 254–255 settings to increase participants experiment 1, 258–263 experiment 2, 263–264 experiment 3, 264–266 pilot study, 257–258 training for slip errors, 266–268 Interface technology, and ergonomics, 124–125 International Lunar Exploration Working Group (ILEWG), 350 International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 55, 87, 355 International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08), 390–392 Interpretation and decision making, S-MIS, 154–155 ISO, see International Organization for Standardization (ISO) IVEs, see Immersive virtual environments (IVEs) KALPHA©, 20 Knowledge management, 210–212 context and developed work, 213 and ergonomics, 208–210, 227–228 and expertise acquisition, 212–213 Library of Real Situations benefits for workers and company, 217–226 composition of, 215–217 method based on actual work, 214–215 overview, 207–208 tools for, 226–227 Kruskal-Wallis H (KW) test, 70 Leadership competence development, 371 Library of Real Situations benefits for workers and company, 217–226 composition of, 215–217 Line-oriented flying training (LOFT), 126 Locomotion model, 241 LOFT, see Line-oriented flying training (LOFT) Lost-time injury (LTI), 96 Low-voltage (LV) operations, and HTA, 177–181 briefing of next operator, 180–181 field team management, 178–180 finalizing occurrences, 180 occurrence management, 177–178 LTI, see Lost-time injury (LTI) Maintenance operation management system (MOMS), 174 Major Accident Reporting System (MARS), 187 MARS, see Major Accident Reporting System (MARS) Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS), 351–355 MDRS, see Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) Measuring methods, and S-MIS, 150–151 Medium-voltage (MV) operations, and HTA, 174–177 corrective actions to restore system, 176 identifying unscheduled occurrences, 176 scheduled actions, 177 Mission simulation versus safety, 350–362 ExoLab, 355–359 Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS), 351–355 overview, 350–351 V-ERAS, 360–362 MITOCAR, see Model Inspection Trace of Concepts and Relations (MITOCAR) method MMSs, see Multiple management systems (MMSs) Model differentiation, and S-MIS, 149–150 Model Inspection Trace of Concepts and Relations (MITOCAR) method, 147 MOMS, see Maintenance operation management system (MOMS) Motigravity, 362 MSDs, see Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) Multiple management systems (MMSs), 89 Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), 77, 385–386 National Institute for Working Life (NIWL), 386 Network monitoring, and HTA, 173 NIWL, see National Institute for Working Life (NIWL) Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) factorial analysis, 57–59 confirmatory (CFA), 58–59 exploratory (EFA), 57–58 literature review, 50–55 overview, 49–50 research, 55–57 structural equation models (SEMs), 55, 59–61 Occupational health and safety (OHS), 367 Occupational overuse syndrome (OOS), 385 Occurrence management, 177–178 OHS, see Occupational health and safety (OHS) OHSMS, see Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) OOS, see Occupational overuse syndrome (OOS) Operationalization, and S-MIS, 150–151 Operational level, and roadworks, 32–33 Operator training simulators (OTSs), 187 Organizational level, and roadworks, 32 OTSs, see Operator training simulators (OTSs) PEMEX, see Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) Perception model, 238–240 Personal protective equipment (PPE), 11 Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), 52–53 Plant simulator, and IVEs, 190–191 Policy document analysis, and roadworks, 34–36 Portuguese furniture industry’s safety performance analysis of occupational accidents, 70 contact mode of injury, 72 deviation, 71–72 material agent, 72 methodology accident reports, 68 data analysis, 68–70 sample, 67 SCWI tool, 68, 75–77 unsafe conditions and behaviors, 67–68, 72–75 overview, 66–67 specific physical activity, 71 working environment, 71 Portuguese Office of Strategy and Studies (GEE), 68 PPE, see Personal protective equipment (PPE) Process rationality, in S-MIS, 143–144 Progressive model, 119 QEC, see Quick exposure check (QEC) tool QFD, see Quality function deployment (QFD) Quality function deployment (QFD), 53 QuePOLPER, 11, 13 Quick exposure check (QEC) tool, 11 Rasmussen, Jens, 119 Regulatory level, and roadworks, 31–32 Reliability, and risk assessment, 5–7 Repetition bias, 142 Repetitive strain injury (RSI) upper limb biomechanical risks, 388–389 description, 385–386 ergonomic research, 391–392 in female homemakers, 389–390 International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08), 390–391 prevalence of, 386–387 risk factors, 387–388 women’s participation in unpaid housework, 388 Reproducibility, and risk assessment, 6–7 Resilience engineering, 131 Risk assessment matrix-based approach, methodology, 7–20 analyzed tasks and identified risks, data collection, 8–10 documental research, 10 equipment, 13 participants, 13–14 stages and procedures, 7–8 statistical analysis, 17–20 tools, 10–13 used matrices, 14–17 overview, 4–5 and reliability, 5–7 Risky shift, 143 Risky state identification, in drowsy driving, 334–335 Roadworks, safety management in analysis of policy documents, 34–36 common hazards, 39–41 common incidents and causes, 38–39 interviews with road workers, 38 overview, 31–33 safety measures, 41–43 subject matter expert interviews, 36–38 Running line derailments, 319–320 Safety versus integrated design process, 346–347 versus mission simulation, 350–362 ExoLab, 355–359 Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS), 351–355 V-ERAS, 360–362 from space to earth, 363–364 versus sustainable system, 348–350 Safety, health, environment, and quality (SHEQ) system, 86 Safety and Failure Event Network (SAFE-Net), 315–316 and modeling options, 317–318 traditional data analysis versus, 318 Safety assessment, and S-MIS, 151–152 Safety leadership competence development, 371 methods, 373 overview, 367–369 and safety performance, 369–371 theoretical framework for, 371–373 transactional leadership, 373–374 transformational leadership, 374–377 idealized influence, 374–375 individual consideration, 375 inspirational motivation, 375–376 intellectual stimulation, 376–377 Safety management ergonomics point of view of, 126–132 anthropotechnologic perspective, 128–130 of sociotechnical reliability, 126–128 variability management, 130–132 in roadworks analysis of policy documents, 34–36 common hazards, 39–41 common incidents and causes, 38–39 interviews with road workers, 38 overview, 31–33 safety measures, 41–43 subject matter expert interviews, 36–38 Safety management information system (S-MIS) and cognitive biases on group level, 142–143 on individual level, 141–142 consequences for, 140–141 indicator interrelations qualitative judgment of, 156–157 quantitative calculation and, 156–158 overview, 138 process rationality in, 143–144 and safety indicators, 138–139 application of, 139–140 seven steps of basic indicator model, 147–149 interpretation and decision making, 154–155 model differentiation, 149–150 operationalization and measuring methods, 150–151 safety assessment, 151–152 safety perspectives, 146–147 sensitivity analysis, 152–154 Safety management systems (SMSs), 138 Safety measures, in roadworks, 41–43 Safety performance, and safety leadership, 369–371 Safety perspectives, of S-MIS, 146–147 SALTSA, see Samarbetsprogram mellan Arbetslivsinstitutet, LO, TCO och Saco (SALTSA) Samarbetsprogram mellan Arbetslivsinstitutet, LO, TCO och Saco (SALTSA), 386 Scheduled occurrences management, and HTA, 170–172 SCWI tool, 68, 75–77 SEMs, see Structural equation models (SEMs) Sensitivity analysis, and S-MIS, 152–154 Sequential accident modeling, 306–308 SHEQ, see Safety, health, environment, and quality (SHEQ) system SHERPA, see Systematic human error reduction and prediction approach (SHERPA) SIASPA, see Sistema Integral de la Administracion de la Seguridady Proteccion Ambiental (SIASPA) Simulation study, 241–242 Sistema Integral de la Administracion de la Seguridady Proteccion Ambiental (SIASPA), 53 Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), 83 SMEs, see Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) S-MIS, see Safety management information system (S-MIS) SMSs, see Safety management systems (SMSs) SNA, see Social Network Analysis (SNA) Social Network Analysis (SNA), 314 logical use of, 314–316 Social Security Mexican Institute (IMSS), 50 Sociotechnical reliability, 120 ergonomics point of view of, 126–128 Sociotechnical systems, representation of, 322–323 Stability, and risk assessment, Structural equation models (SEMs), 55, 59–61 Subject matter expert interviews, in roadworks, 36–38 Sustainable system versus safety, 348–350 Systematic human error reduction and prediction approach (SHERPA), 168, 181 Systemic accident modeling, 308–309 Tacit knowledge, 140, 143, 147–148, 155, 158, 210–211, 214 Total quality management (TQM), 86 TQM, see Total quality management (TQM) Transactional leadership, 373–374 Transformational leadership idealized influence, 374–375 individual consideration, 375 inspirational motivation, 375–376 intellectual stimulation, 376–377 Transitional journey maps abstraction level activities, 275–277 Dutch national police vehicles, 277–287 activity categorization, 279–281 apparatus, 278–279 and cognitive overload, 284–285 fragmentation, 277–278 method, 278 and operational policing, 283–284 participants, 278 procedure, 279 solo and dual patrol, 285–287 European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) satellite control rooms, 287–297 activity categorization, 291–292 alarm response behavior, 292–295 apparatus, 290 and Bayes’ theorem, 295–296 feedback signals versus nuisance signals, 296 interpretation of auditory signals, 288–289 method, 289–290 participants, 290 procedure, 290 system description, 289 implications, 299–300 overview, 274–275 as a process, 299 as a result, 298–299 UEDs, see Upper extremity disorders (UEDs) UEMSDs, see Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSDs) Unscheduled occurrences management, and HTA, 173–174 Upper extremity disorders (UEDs), 386 Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSDs), 385–386 Upper limb repetitive strain injury (RSI) biomechanical risks, 388–389 description, 385–386 ergonomic research, 391–392 in female homemakers, 389–390 International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08), 390–392 prevalence of, 386–387 risk factors, 387–388 women’s participation in unpaid housework, 388 Variability management, 120–121, 130–132 Variable message signs (VMSs), 43 V-ERAS (virtual simulation), 360–362 Virtual crash, 333–334 Visual perception, human factors and psychology, 235–236 VMSs, see Variable message signs (VMSs) WHS, see Work health and safety (WHS) Women prevalence of upper limb RSI, 386–387 Work accident notion conceptual evolution of focus on context, 119–121 focus on victim, 116–117 transition view, 117–119 Work health and safety (WHS), 37 Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs), 385 Work-related neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (WRULDs), 385–386 WRMSDs, see Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) WRULDs, see Work-related neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (WRULDs) Yerkes–Dodson law, 255 ... factors engineering and ergonomics, and resilience engineering He has worked and published in several domains of industrial safety, disaster management, and safety, human factors, and ergonomics, .. .ERGONOMICS AND HUMAN FACTORS IN SAFETY MANAGEMENT INDUSTRIAL AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SERIES Series Editor Waldemar Karwowski PUBLISHED TITLES: Ergonomics and Human Factors in Safety Management. .. At the University of Minho, he coordinates the human engineering research group, and his research interests are in the domains of safety, human factors engineering, and ergonomics Pedro is also