Applying activated carbon derived from coconut shell loaded by silver nanoparticles to remove methylene blue in aqueous solution

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY VU THI THAO Applying activated carbon derived from coconut shell loaded by silver nanoparticles to remove methylene blue in aqueous solution BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-Time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Batch : 2014 – 2018 Thai Nguyen, 15/09/2018 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree program: Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name: Vu Thi Thao Student ID: DTN1454120218 APPLYING ACTIVATED CARBON DERIVED FROM COCONUT SHELL LOADED BY SILVER Thesis Title: NANOPARTICLES TO REMOVE METHYLENE BLUE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION Dr Van Huu Tap - Faculty of Environment and Earth Supervisor(s): Science, Thai Nguyen University of Sciences (TNUS) Supervisor’s signature: Abstract: In this study, Coconut shell activated carbon loaded silver nanoparticles (AgNP-AC) with 0.5% (w/w) was investigated to remove Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution The influence of various experimental factors such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial dye concentration of MB was investigated The results indicated that the highest adsorption capacity of sucrose onto MAC reached when the AC was loaded AgNPs at the ratio of impregnation of AC and AgNPs was 0.5% (w/w) The suitable condition for removal of MB by Ag-NP-AC occurred at pH 10, contact time of 120 minutes and adsorbent dose of 250 mg/25 mL solution At this condition,the maximum adsorption capacity of MB onto Ag-NP-AC achieved i at 172.22 mg/g The adsorption equilibrium was represented with Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips models The Langmuir equations were found to have the correlation coefficient value (0.935) in good agreement The pseudo first and second order kinetic model agrees very well with the dynamic behavior of the adsorption of dye MB on Ag-NP-AC Sliver nanoparticle, Activated carbon, (Ag-NP-AC), Key-words: Methylene blue, Adsorption Number of pages: 59 Date of submission: 15/09/2018 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the opportunity to complete this research Foremost, I could like to express my sincere gratitude and deeps regards to my supervisor: Dr Van Huu Tap of Thai Nguyen University of Science who guided me wholeheartedly when I implement this research He also offered me a warm welcome, assisted me with a new treatment for blue methylene in this dissertation; he was very patient with my knowledge gaps and gave me opportunity to use the research facilities in his department – Faculty of Environment and Earth Science, Thai Nguyen University of Sciences (TNUS), I gratefully acknowledge Dr Hoa, Laboratory of Physics, Thai Nguyen University of Science for helping and providing me necessary of equipment as well as knowledge for creating sliver nanoparticles I also want to express my thanks to the Dean of Faculty of Environment and Earth Science, Prof Dr Ngo Van Gioi and Director of Thai Nguyen University of Sciences (TNUS), Prof Dr Le Thi Thanh Nhan who gave the permission to use all required equipment and the necessary materials to conduct my research in Laboratory of Faculty of Environment and Earth Science, Thai Nguyen University of Sciences (TNUS) I wish to thank the technicians who are Kien and Trung , Laboratory of Faculty of Environment and Earth Science, Thai Nguyen University of Sciences (TNUS) for their help in tissue preparation Special thanks to Luyen, Huyen, Quynh, Lan, Thien, Lan Anh, Minh, Giang and all people who helped me when I stayed in Thai Nguyen University of Science iii My sincere thanks also go to all my classmates – K46N01 AEP for helping me finish this the study Finally, I could like to thank my family, for their love and supporting me throughout my life Thai Nguyen, September 15, 2018 Student VU THI THAO iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLES x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale 1.2 Research’s objectives 1.3 Research questions and hypotheses 1.4 Limitations PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Textile Dyes Waste 2.1.1 Source of Textile Dyes Waste 2.1.2 Impact of Textile Dyes Waste 2.2 Methylene blue 2.2.1 Source of Methylene blue 2.2.2 Chemical and physical data of Methylene blue 2.2.3 Adverse effects of Methylene blue 2.3 Introduction to adsorption techniques 10 2.3.1 Concepts 10 2.3.2 Modeling and Interpretation of Adsorption Isotherms 11 2.3.2.1 Langmuir Isotherm 11 2.3.2.2 Freundlich Isotherm 12 2.3.2.3 Adsorption kinetics models 13 2.3.3 Factors Affecting Adsorption 13 v 2.4 Absorption material 14 2.4.1 Silver Nanoparticles 14 2.4.1.1 Definitions 14 2.4.1.2 Synthesis of silver nanoparticles 16 2.4.1.3 Applications 19 2.4.2 Coconut Shell Based Activated Carbon 20 2.4.2.1 Features 20 2.4.2.2 Specification of Coconut Shell Based Activated Carbon: 21 2.4.2.3 Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Types: 21 2.4.2.4 Applications 22 PART III MATERIALS AND METHODS 24 3.1 Materials 24 3.1.1 MB, Ag-NP-AC 24 3.1.3 Equipments 25 3.2 Methodology 26 3.2.1 Experimental method 26 3.2.1.1 Preparation of silver nanoparticles 26 3.2.1.2 Preparation of the AgNPs-loaded activated carbon (Ag-NP-AC) 26 3.2.2 Data processing methods 30 PART IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 33 4.1 Adsorbent property 33 4.2 Effect of impregnation ratio (Ag/AC) on Methylene blue adsorption 36 4.3 Effect of pH 37 4.4 Effect of contact time 39 vi 4.5 Effect of absorbent dose 40 4.6 The effect of initial MB concentration 42 4.7 Adsorption isotherm 43 4.8 Adsorption kinetics of Ag-NP-AC 45 PART V CONCLUSION 47 REFERENCES 48 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Typical scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of different types of 0D NSMs, which is synthesized by several research groups (A) Quantum dots , (B) nanoparticles arrays, (C) core–shell nanoparticles, (D) hollow cubes, and (E) nanospheres Reprinted by permission of the Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA J.N Tiwari et al / Progress in Materials Science 57 (2012) 724–803 16 Figure 4.1 SEM image of (a) AC and (b) AgNPs-loaded activated carbon (Ag-NP-AC), EDS spectra of (c) AC and (d) AgNPs-loaded activated carbon (Ag-NP-AC) 33 Figure 4.2 XRD graph of (a) activated carbon from coconut shells (AC) and (b) AgNPsloaded activated carbon (Ag-NP-AC) 34 Figure 4.3 FTIR graph of AC and Ag-NP-AC 35 Figure 4.4 The effect of the impregnation ratio on MB adsorption at concentration: 500 mg/L, adsorbent dose: 50 mg Ag-NP-AC/25 mL solution and temperature: 25oC 36 Figure 4.5 Effect of pH on MB adsorption at concentration: 500 mg/L, adsorbent dose: 50 mg Ag-NP-AC/25 mL sulotion, time: 60 min, temperature: 25oC (a) and pHPZC of AC, Ag-NP-AC before and after adsorption of MB (b) 38 Figure 4.6 Effect of contact time on MB adsorption at pH 10, concentration: 500 mg/L, adsorbent dose: 50 mg Ag-NP-AC/25 mL solution and temperature: 25oC 39 Figure 4.7 Effect of Ag-AC dosage on MB adsorption at pH 10, time: 120 min, 41 MB concentration: 500 mg/L, temperature: 25oC 41 Figure 4.8 Effect of initial MB concentrations on the adsorption of MB by Ag-NP-AC at pH 10, time: 60 min, adsorbent dose: 250 mg/25 mL and temperature: 25oC 42 viii Figure 4.9 Adsorption isothermal equilibrium prediction of MB onto Ag-NP-AC at contact time = 120 min, Ag-NP-AC dose = 250 mg/25mL) 44 Figure 4.10 Kinetics model of MB adsorption onto Ag-NP-AC (Co: 500mg/L; adsorbent dosage: 50 mg/25 mL; initial pH: 10, temperature: 25oC) 45 ix adsorption process of MB by Ag-NP-AC However, the Sips model was better than others in this study Table 4.1: Adsorption isothermal parameters and correlation coefficients of Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips models for sucrose adsorption on MAC Langmuir model Freundich model Sips model qm KL R2 KF 1/n R2 1/n qm b 71.29 0.011 0.895 4.424 0.445 0.808 2.123 53.06 2.241 R2 0.935 4.8 Adsorption kinetics of Ag-NP-AC In this study, some helpful kinetic models was applied to describe the MB adsorption process onto Ag-AC, including the pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudosecond-order (PSO), and Elovich models The correct application of such selective models was discussed in detail by Vu et al (2017) Figure 4.10 Kinetics model of MB adsorption onto Ag-NP-AC (Co: 500mg/L; adsorbent dosage: 50 mg/25 mL; initial pH: 10, temperature: 25oC) 45 The kinetic constants using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Elovich kinetic models are shown in Table 4.10 As shown in Table 4.2, the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second –order model was provided excellent correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9889 and 0.9741 respectively) with the experimental data of time-dependent MB adsorption compared to Elovich models The calculated qm value from the preudo-first order and preudo-second order model was very close to the experimental data (173.63 and 205.25 mg/g) These results proved that the experimental data followed well the pseudo-first-order and preudosecond order model and could be used to describe the adsorption kinetics of MB onto Ag-NP-AC (Fig 4.10) It also indicated from this study that adsorption process of MB by Ag-NP-AC was dominated by chemisorption, involving valence forces through sharing or exchange of electrons (Pathania et al 2017) Table 4.2 Calculated kinetic parameters of models of MB adsorption on Ag-NP-AC Preudo-First qm,cal (mg/g) 173.63 K1 R2 0.039 0.9889 Preudo-Second qm,cal (mg/g) 205.25 R2 K2 Elovich α β 2.084 0.9741 13.52 0.02 46 qe,exp R2 (mg/g) 0.9441 172.22 PART V CONCLUSION Adsorption isotherm and kinetic of methylene blue (MB) onto Ag-NP-AC was studied in this work Activated carbon derived from coconut shell loaded by silver nanoparticles can adsorb Methylene blue in aqueous water The activated carbon was loaded Ag nanoparticles (Ag-NP-AC) leaded higher adsorption capacity of MB than initial activated carbon The impregnation ratio of 0.5% would be a suitable condition for the following experiments to study the adsorption properties of 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shell loaded by silver nanoparticles adsorb Methylene blue in aqueous water? * Hypotheses (Null Hypothesis): activated carbon derived from coconut shell. .. Thao Student ID: DTN1454120218 APPLYING ACTIVATED CARBON DERIVED FROM COCONUT SHELL LOADED BY SILVER Thesis Title: NANOPARTICLES TO REMOVE METHYLENE BLUE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION Dr Van Huu Tap - Faculty... coconut shell loaded by silver nanoparticles will not adsorb Methylene blue in aqueous water (Alternative Hypothesis): activated carbon derived from coconut shell loaded by silver nanoparticles