Global frontiers of social development in theory and practice climate, economy, and justice

www.ebook3000.com G l o b a l Fr o n t i e r s o f S o c i a l D evel o pm e n t i n Theory and Practice By the same author Kafka’s Cave: An Academic Memoir (forthcoming) Global Frontiers of Social Development Theory and Practice: Economy, Climate, and Justice (2015) Reconstruction of Social Psychology (editor, 2015) Death of an Elephant (debut novella, 2013) Society and Social Justice: A Nexus in Review (2012) Development, Poverty of Culture and Social Policy (2011) Fallacies of Development: Crises of Human and Social Development (2007) Reinventing Social Work: Reflections on the Metaphysics of Social Practice (2005) The Practice of Hope (2003) Social Work Revisited (2002) Unification of Social Work: Rethinking Social Transformation (1999) Democracies of Unfreedom: The United States of America and India (1996) Eclipse of Freedom: The World of Oppression (1993) Global Development: Post-Material Values and Social Praxis (1992) Glimpses of International and Comparative Social Welfare (editor, 1989) The Logic of Social Welfare: Conjectures and Formulations (1988) Denial of Existence: Essays on the Human Condition (1987) Toward Comparative Social Welfare (editor, 1985) New Horizons of Social Welfare and Policy (editor, 1985) Social Psychiatry in India: A Treatise on the Mentally Ill (1972) India’s Social Problems: Analyzing Basic Issues (1972) www.ebook3000.com Global Fr ontiers of S ocial D eve l o pm e n t i n Th e o r y a n d Practice C l i m at e , E c o n o m y, a n d Ju s t i c e Authored and Edited by Brij Mohan GLOBAL FRONTIERS OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN THEORY AND PRACTICE Copyright © Brij Mohan 2015 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-46070-7 All rights reserved First published in 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries ISBN 978-1-349-68985-9 ISBN 978-1-137-46071-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137460714 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mohan, Brij, 1939– Global frontiers of social development in theory and practice : climate, economy, and justice / Brij Mohan pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-1-349-68985-9 Social policy Social planning Social change I Title HN18.3.M64 2015 303.3'72—dc23 2015003005 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library Design by Amnet First edition: July 2015 10 www.ebook3000.com For Gujri and Anupama www.ebook3000.com Contents List of Figures and Tables ix Contributors xi Acknowledgments xv Foreword by Robert Kowalski xvii Prologue by Brij Mohan xxiii Part Social Practice: Frontiers of Human and Social Development On Social Practice: Archeology of Science and Hope Brij Mohan The Cultivation of an Eco-civilization Brij Mohan 31 The Economic Illusions That Hold Back Human Development Robert Kowalski 45 Economic Growth as Social Problem: The Case of Climate Change Max Koch 61 Dialectics of Development: How Social Sciences Fail People Shweta Singh and David G Embrick Environmental Justice: Experiments in Democratic Participation—An Indo-American Experience Brij Mohan 73 87 Part Toward Comparative Social Development Comparative Social Welfare Revisited Brij Mohan 117 viii Contents Social Welfare and Transformative Practice Brij Mohan China as a Mirror and a Testing Ground for Governance Beyond the West Sander Chan and Matthias Stepan 10 Indigenous Communities’ Informal Care and Welfare Systems for Local-Level Social Development in India Manohar Pawar and Bipin Jojo 11 Outsourcing of Corruption: India’s Counterdevelopment Vijay P Singh 143 167 189 209 12 On the Madness of Caste: Dalits, Muslims, and Normalized Incivilities in Neoliberal India Suryakant Waghmore and Qudsiya Contractor 223 13 Mission Lost: What Does Evidence Base and Standardization Mean for International Social Work? Nairruti Jani 241 Epilogue: Mendacity of Development Brij Mohan 255 Index 263 www.ebook3000.com L i s t o f Fi g u re s a n d Ta b l e s Figures 2.1 2.2 2.3 4.1 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 “Social Hope” and “Quality” of Life (Sustainability) Frontiers of Social Development: Climate, Economy, and Justice Unification of the Structural Dimnesions of Sustainability Standardization, Societal Problems, and Social Transformation Toward Environmental Justice: Democracies of Unfreedom A Tale of Two Democracies: Confronting Catastrophes, Coping With Realities Dialectics of Public Policy and Democratic Environmentalism Determinants of Social Policy Thrusts Nexus of Values and Disvalues A Three Dimensional View of Poverty of Culture Poverty of Imagination Targets of Policy Innovation and Intervention: A New Road to Freedom 33 34 40 65 106 106 107 107 152 154 155 155 Tables 6.1 Exemplars of Proactive Public-Policy Practice and Democratic Environmentalism: A Comparative Study 10.1 Village/Community Problems and Needs Identified by Participants 10.2 Participants Responses to the Five Questions Relating to the Selected Problems/Needs 10.3 Needs and Problems That Can Be Addressed by CICWS 10.4 Some Skills and Strategies to Enable Communities to Use Their CICWS 91 196 198 201 201 E pi l o g u e : M e n dac i t y o f D eve l o pm e n t Brij Mohan Sergeant Don “Wardaddy” Coolier, Brad Pitt’s character in David Ayer’s film Fury, while talking to a newly drafted typist turned into a solider, sums up the brutality and beauty of human development: “Ideals are peaceful; history is violent.”1 The creator is also the destroyer Shiva, the Hindu god, has his third eye that equals the modern apocalypse Human-social development, as I see it, is a tragic trajectory of violence, virtues, and will Social development’s global challenge is to overcome its audacious dissonance Look at what Sartre has to say: “As I invent Being starting from Being, and return to Being in order to sketch out Being on the surface of Being, I am exactly in the situation of the creator” (1989: 29) A civilization tends to atrophy when its vision is lost and imagination muffled by its arrogance There is no acceptable explanation for the man-made miseries and preventable catastrophic misfortunes that plague the global community Slavery, pogroms, and wars continue unabated in a world where poverty and ignorance coexist with arrogance and hubris Antistate prefixes—cartel, narco-, failed, and so forth—serve as euphemisms for a new anarchy that is based on terror, violence wrapped in a postideological opportunism Developmentalism itself is a representation of governmental failures to transform societal issues into meaningful realities This state of counterdevelopment is a challenge that we confront as a civilization Is developmentality’s future the future of humankind? Can we redesign it? The question is moot since it’s already in process Governments and people, in different societies and cultures, can work hand in hand to thwart the dangers of counterdevelopment A critique of technological society involves more than thinking and acting outside the box Postabsurdity, modernity’s Achilles’ heel, has pushed human continuity into an abyss of technohubris 256 Epilogue The pendulum of policy and practice has been swinging left and right ever since polarities and conflicts of interests became the hallmarks of civilization Jarred Diamond does not exaggerate when he blames the rise of farming as the genesis of all human miseries But agriculture did not come into practice until the idea of property was invented There is a frightening prescience in the Rousseauean thesis: the first man who plotted off a piece of land and declared himself as its owner was the founder of civil society When Nobel laureate Paul Krugman says that conservatives want “to push us back to 1894,”2 his warning resounds an ominous message on the fate of civility itself Policies and people are not independent of each other One reflects the other’s fecklessness and inanity This interdependence of dysfunctional mutual accommodation is the Achilles’ heel of modern civilization Most world societies are governed by obsolete, often dysfunctional, systems of regulatory structures that are long overdue for reconstruction Human incompleteness and societal dysfunctionality in this digital age posit world communities in a paradoxical danger Humanity is an abstraction Threats to sustainable bioglobalism are real If counterfactual fantasies of social change were real, utopian narratives of transformation might have been possible Technology, globalization, and democracy have changed the world we live in Still, cybertribalism, global inequality, and ubiquitous terror seem to be on the rise This state of maddening flux is manufacturing delusions of development without adequate understanding of developmentality’s primordial proclivities Lest positivist social engineers turn this evolutionary drama into a dystopian reality, it’s time to rethink the social contract Genesis has to be rewritten The world would have been a paradise if gods and guns had not germinated the germs of greed, grief, and genocide Feral fantasies of hegemonic domination are obsolescent This is a formidable opportunity for all intellectuals and peoples to reunite toward a better world You have nothing to lose but meltdowns! “Geneva (AFP)—The United Nations said that jihadists in Iraq have ordered all women between the ages of 11 and 46 to undergo female genital mutilation.”3 Is it not the ultimate dissolution of onceupon-a-time the greatest civilization? The world is not flat, Mr Friedman (2005) The white man’s burden is a troubling legacy (Easterly, 2006) “Globalization makes it impossible for modern societies to collapse in isolation, as did Easter Island and the Greenland Norse in the past For the first time in history, we face the risk of a global decline” (Diamond, 2005: 23) www.ebook3000.com Epilogue 257 The “rise of the rest,” as Fareed Zakaria points out, is a notable reality, if “the rest” would transcend a usually atavistic path “In a globalized, democratized, decentralized world, we need to get individuals alter their behavior (p 37) Many of these rising countries have historical animosities, border disputes, and contemporary quarrels with one another; in most cases, nationalism will grow along economic and geopolitical structure” (Zakaria, 2008: 232) Social scientists, policymakers, and social engineers around the globe—with uncanny abilities to make wrong decisions—confront three basic challenges: economy, education, and environment Technology, the free market, and democracy undergird these three Es with varied outcomes Their ill-defined polarities of consumption and distribution of natural and human resources affect quality of life and circumstances at home, work, and in community life Their collective synergy ensures basic sustainability, which promotes peace, prosperity, and progress Imbalances, however, generate catastrophic consequences of inequality, violence, and environmental degradation Much of global stability and instability and coherence and chaos are products of this development-counterdevelopment antidialectic cycle.4 Comparative social development represents a whole corpus of conceptual stylistics and valorization of modalities that different governments and their peoples prefer to morph into This notion of CSD delegitimizes singularity of disciplines Obviously, “experts” of certain domains are threatened by such a disciplinarity Narcissistic arrogance is more dangerous than primitive innocence We, the people, design the world we live in Our governing elites are from among us If our industrial-military complex holds the reins to policy priorities, it’s an extension of our own sense of superiority and hegemonic power This explains our continued neglect of the underdogs, the powerless, misguided, marginalized, “developing” peoples.5 I’ve often contended that problems like homelessness, poverty, and illiteracy are man-made problems The implication is that we can solve most of these scourges if we deploy resources in a responsible way Poverty, I repeat, is a political problem, not an economic issue A recent news releases reads: It’s no news that a large portion of our federal tax dollars goes towards defense spending But your jaw might drop at the cost of the newest jet manufactured by the U.S military, and just how much good could have been achieved domestically with the same price tag 258 Epilogue The $400 billion program to create a fleet of F-35 Joint Strike Fighter jets, which, as The Hill points out, is seven years behind schedule and chronically plagued with misfortunes and incompetencies, could have housed every homeless person in the U.S with a $600,000 home.6 Hegemonies have their own agendas Sadly, smaller, developing nations self-execute themselves with their own petty, often foolish, myopic goals Most continuing world conflicts at this moment are owed to these trappings Their insatiable hunger for purchasing arms at the expense of their starving, malnourished, deprived people is a self-destructive delusion This paradox of development is an outcome of a grand design—predatory and insensitive to coexistence, peace, and prosperity for all It’s estimated that 29.8 million people remain enslaved today Foreign Affairs observes: “Slavery and global slave trade continue to thrive to this day; in fact, it is likely that more people are being trafficked across borders against their will now than any point in the past” (quoted by Carter, 2014: 126) President Jimmy Carter comments on the human condition: There is a similar system of discrimination, extending far beyond a small geographical region to the entire globe; it touches every nation, perpetuating and expanding the trafficking in human slaves, body mutilation, and even legitimized murder on a massive scale This system is based on presumption that men and boys are superior to woman and girls, and it is supported by some male religious leaders who distort the Holy Bible, the Koran, and other sacred texts to perpetuate their claim that females are, in some basic ways, inferior to them, unqualified to serve God on equal terms (Carter, 2014: 1–2) The human-environment symbiosis (HES) has been the basis of cultural evolution and civilizational development since time immemorial Societies have collapsed and civilizations have disappeared whenever the “person-environment” interface has been violated by human and/or natural forces (Diamond, 2005) Katrina’s apocalyptic impact will go down in history as a monumental failure of American hubris Scientific growth and environmental changes are intertwined in many respects However, there is an inherent conflict between development and environmental integrity The “inconvenient truth” is that our planet is in danger and humans are the culprits The new apes of the planet have nearly destroyed their habitats Unless peoples of this global community commonly share a moral commitment to protect the nurturing environment, our future is destined to the dustbin of history www.ebook3000.com Epilogue 259 Economy, education, and environmental justice constitute a triune— a uniquely triangulated dialectic—that defines the essence of this book Environmental justice, free education, and a nonpredatory economy should be the new pillars of global democracy This involves a radical transformation of individual-societal relationships as well as intersocietal communicative systems of cooperation and accommodation toward a better world Until this happens, education in general, and professional enterprises in particular, will continue to wallow in self-professed orthodoxies, and therapeutic interventions will continue to market snake oils digitally and institutionally A case in point is social work’s pretentious pitch as a “helping profession” earned online at maddening costs Social work subverts the very notion of “service.” Its demise may linger on in the fog of Walmartized modes of social interventions Its imminence, however, cannot be overstated.7 A new global consciousness beyond ideological, political, and territorial imperatives warrants a new manifesto of global development (Mohan, 1992) that will lead humanity beyond the perils of perverse growth (Mohan, 2007) Scientists and policymakers in general, and social scientists and developmental practitioners in particular, have a special obligation to reflect and analyze facets of global reality that warrant dispassionate but humane modalities of enduring social transformation Developmentality, now, calls for a responsible use of the environment, especially the water and energy that are crucial for human survival At no other time in history has humankind faced a nexus of civilization and climate that is poised against the poor, as if nature and human nature are in alliance to reinforce a new Darwinian doctrine Much of global warming is a consequence of American and European countries’ industrial outputs and consumerist consumption of water and energy Their wealth and scientific prowess have empowered them to escape the consequences of catastrophic changes at the expense of poor, developing nations The latter’s uncritical emulation of the West simply adds to their misery “Those responsible for carbon buildup are best able to adapt” (Revkin, 2007: 6) This seems to have evolved as the first iron law of the postideological new world order Beneath the shortage of water and the crisis of energy, there is a perpetual, ubiquitous global conflict While contemporary societies face imminent dangers as many a catastrophic outcome waits to unfold, certain elements of cultural banalities are hard to ignore The “mess” of higher education appears to be a harbinger of trouble that we are not equipped to deal with 260 Epilogue The “high-tech mess” of education is a “fallacy about the proper character of a university education” (Bromwich, 2014: 50) I suspect the social work profession will cease to exist, let alone serve humanity Social work’s loss of its innate mission and goal, debatable as it may be, is inbuilt in the nature of its new directions dictated by the institutional necessities of increasingly expensive education All social work programs, barring a few elite ones, thrive on the state agencies that require cheap “professionals,” in the interest of expedience and at the expense of quality (of students, personnel, and service) In the hierarchy of disciplines, social work is descending fast, as an expendable unit The venerated Ivory Tower8 is falling; if social work, its governing organizations, faculty, and leadership cannot foresee beyond narrow careerist goals, the fall of angels is imminent The archeology of human behavior unravels both encouraging and disillusioning facts Since globalization and free-market economies have made this world “flat” (Friedman, 2005)—and unequal at the same time—pragmatic wisdom dictates that we take these primordial issues seriously before they become insolvable At the outset, however, one must question the postulates of a “flat” world The world continues to be hopelessly divided As natural resources and wealthy nations, both by design and default, remain mutually aligned, the divisive conflicts for life-sustaining elements—mainly water and air— will deepen the divide and the strains, endangering the future of the poor and impoverished The Global Warming Survival Guide involves “51 things you can to make a difference” (Time, April 9, 2007) An analysis of these 51 dos indicates: (1) raising Western consciousness toward self-preservation, (2) inventive foresightedness, and 3) courage to adapt, cope, and change What this invaluable guide does not reveal is a complex set of don’ts that endanger the future of the planet’s apes How to resocialize the human animal that continues to play havoc as a territorial, pugnacious, and violent ape? Like Hobbes’s “robust child,” this creature rapes Mother Earth for corporate profits; launches wars based on lies; manufactures weapons of total annihilation; tolerates hunger and poverty in the name of the free market; dehumanizes peoples of different faiths, colors, and orientations; and engineers a world climate that is fundamentally hostile to global human diversities “I distinguish historiality and historization” (Sartre, 1989: 79) www.ebook3000.com Epilogue 261 Notes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fury_(2014_film) (accessed November 11, 2014) http://finance.yahoo.com/news/paul-krugman-conservatives-want -push-131504483.html?soc_src=mediacontentstory (accessed September 5, 2014) http://news.yahoo.com/jihadists-iraq-order-women-undergo-gen ital-mutilation-002205853.html?soc_src=mediacontentsharebuttons (accessed July 24, 2014) As I write this, the government of India allocates 200 crores to construct the tallest statue of a national leader Prime Minister Narendra Modi stands committed to complete this project: “In a country grappling with poverty, sluggish growth and a daunting deficit, India’s new budget has set aside billion rupees ($33 million) for a colossal iron-and-bronze statue almost twice the size of the Statue of Liberty” (AP, July 10, 2014) Reuters: “Modi budgets $33 million to help build world’s tallest statue,” http:// in.reuters.com/article/2014/07/10/uk-india-budget-statue-idINK BN0FF1PN20140710 (accessed, July 10, 2014) How can such development eradicate bad politics and pervasive poverty? Likewise, “President Obama asked Congress for $3.7 billion in emergency funding Tuesday to help confront what he called an ‘urgent humanitarian situation’: the unprecedented influx of children and teens arriving without parents on the Southwestern border” (Los Angeles Times, July 8, 2014, http://www.latimes com/nation/la-na-obama-border-20140708-story.html#page=1 [accessed, July 10, 2014]) Howsoever benevolent, $3.7 billion cannot resolve the sources of this human catastrophe Governments perpetually fail to utilize their resources to uproot the causes of malaise that bedevil their people “In an unprecedented surge, more than 57,000 young migrants coming without their parents, most from Central America, have been apprehended at the southwest border since October [2013]” (The New York Times, July 20, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/20/us/rush-to-deport -young-migrants-could-trample-asylum-claims-.html?emc=edit_th_201 40720&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=42503955&_r=0 [accessed July 20, 2014]) This kind of situation is reminder of the horrific challenges that an unequal, badly governed world confronts today h t t p : / / w w w h u f f i n g t o n p o s t c o m / / / 1 / m i l i t a r y - j e t spending_n_5575045.html?ncid=txtlnkusaolp00000592 (accessed July 11, 2014) See http://www.socialworkhelper.com/2014/08/28/top-5-reasons -social-work-failing/ (accessed September 8, 2014) Ivory Tower: a film directed by Andrew Rossi, reviewed by David Bromwich (2014) 262 Epilogue References Bromwich, David 2014 “The High-Tech Mess of Higher Education.” The New York Review of Books 61 (13): 50–51 Carter, Jimmy 2014 A Call to Action: Women, Religion, Violence, and Power New York: Simon & Schuster Diamond, Jared 2005.Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive London: Penguin Easterly, William 2005 The White Man’s Burden: Why the West’s Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good New York: Penguin Friedman, Thomas 2005 The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux Sartre, Jean-Paul 1989 Truth and Existence Chicago: The University of Chicago Press Revkin, Andrew C 2007 “Poorest Nations Will Bear Brunt as World Warms: Preparation Disparities.” The New York Times, April 1, and Zakaria, Fareed 2008 The Post-American World New York: W W Norton www.ebook3000.com Index 3Ds of environmental justice: development, democracy, dialectics, 38; See 3Ps also Aam Admi Party, 105 Abbott, E., 242 Acemoglu, D., 135 Adorno, T., 88 Affordable Care Act, 133 Archeology of, Human behavior, 13 Social practice, 3–30; social problems, 16 Altruism, 4; 8; help, 5; 21 Appadurai, A., 224 Assumptions of environmental sustainability, 32 Apter, D., 118 Anderson, W., 47 Anthropology, 78 Anti-discrimination, 133 Aristotle, 127 Aspalter, C., 125 Ayers, I 21; 23 Bahuguna, Sunderlal, 98 Bailey, F G., 224; 227 Bairy, R., 229 Bajpai, R., 235 Basic loans, corruption in India, 218 Bass, G., 96 Bateson, M., 54 Bauer, P., 46 Becker, E., 3; 9; 10; 118 Becker, G., 6; 15 Beckert, J., 52 Beckhard, R., xviii Beer, S., xxi Beinart, P., 160 Benedict XVI, 53 Benewick, R., 178; 180 Berggren, N., 224 Béteille, A., 225 Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP), 223 Biernmann, F., 169 Bilgrami, A., 227 Billups, J., 242; 246 Bio-globalism, 31; 256 Birnbaum, N Brands, H W., 160 Brooks, D., 135 Bromwich, D., 260 Burns, E M., 120, 123 California Initiative, 37 Callahan, W., 173 Campus cronyism, 19 Capitalism, xxiv; 11; 94; democratic, 36; 74; 158 Careerism, 124 Carlson, R., 97 Carter, J., 14; 258 Caste, madness of, 223–240 Chan, S., 167–188 Chipko Andolan (movement), 98 China, rising elites, 94 Governance in, 167–188; beyond the West, 176; change in, 146; success in, 148; transnational community, 173; object of governance, 175; as the excessive state, 176; resurging of traditional governance in, 180 Chittageri, S., 226 264 index Chomsky, N., 102 Clientization, 8; client-practitioner dyad, 18 Climate change, 61–72 Clinton, Bill, 150 Cojanu, V., 73 Colby, Ira, Collier, P., 156 Community Informal Care and Welfare System, 189–207 (See CICWS related authors, 190–191); objectives and methods, 191; project findings, 194–204 Comparative-analytic framework, 41 (see also, Mohan, B.) Social development (CSD), xx; 115–142; 257; emergence of, CSW, 123; social welfare policy (CSWP), 124; 125; unification of CSD, 115; 126–137 Journal of Comparative Social Welfare, xx; 117–142 Comparativists (leading ones), 121 Conrad, J., 160 Contractor, Q., 223; 234; 236 Corporate corruption, 38 Corruption, in India, 209–222; social implications of, 221 Counterdevelopment, xxvi; 100; in India, 209–222; 257 Cowen, T., 87 Coy, P xxiii Culture, American, 10; of poverty, 21 Dagbladet, S., 22 Dalits, 98; 223 Daly, H., 67; 68 Darwin, C., 151 Davenport, C., 32 Davidson, P., 147 Deforestation, 98 Deepwater Horizon, 93 De Jongh, J F., 243 Delueze, G., Development, 74–75; aid, 97 Developmentality, xxiii; 255 De-development, xxvi Developing world, social work in, 14 Development, delusion, 159; mendacity of, 255–262 Devolution, of social work, 136 Democratic, participation, 87 Dialectics, Of development, 73–88 Dickensian dualities, 128 Dichter, T., 48 Diamond, J., 258 Dirty South, 93 Diversity, 133; iron law of, 150 Discrimination in, Social work, 11; 18 Diesing, P., Drehle, D V., 133 DSM, 18 Dubois, J A., 224 Durkheim, E., 63 Dumont, L., 224; 225; 226; 236 Dynamic, concept of Social problems, 62 Easterly, W., 128; 144 Eco-civilization, 31–44; cultivation of, 31 Economics, 75 Eckstein, H., 118 Edsall, T., Education, corruption in, 214 Embrick, D G., 73 Economic, growth, 61; 62–72 Illusions, 45–60 Embrick, D., 73 Encyclopedia of Social Work, 123 Enlightenment II, xx Environmental, justice, 87–116; environmentalism, 107 Epstein, W., 6; 136; 159 Equality, iron law of, 150 www.ebook3000.com index Estes, R., 119 Ethics, Nietzschean, 18 EtÚic cleansing, 152 Evidence-based “Inconvenient truths,” 36 Evolution of, social welfare system; 15 Exxon Valdez, 93 Facticity, human and social, 126 Falzon, M., 232 Farley, J., 67 Ferguson, N., 48; 53; 135 Fernandes, L., 227; 233 Ferry, L., 18 Flank, L., 46; 49 Flora, P., 122 Finance, banking, 50–52 Foucault, M., 3; 7; 21 Framework, comparative-analytic model/method, 129–132; elements of, 130 Francis, Pope 11 Freeman, S., xxv Free market, 149 Friedman, George, 148 Friedman, M., 15; 16; 35 Friedman, T., 256 Fritz, M., 64 Frontiers of, human and social development, 1; 34 Functionality, market, 52–54 Fukuyama, F., 147 Fulda, A., 178 Galbraith, J K., 46; 50 Gambrill, E., 24 Gandhi, M G., 99; 126 The Ganges, 37–38 Garigue, P., 242 y Gasset, O., 121 Gates, Bill, 11 Gayer, L., 231 Ghassem-Fachandi, P., 230 Gibbs, N., 11 265 Giddens, A., 66 Gil, D., 101; 144 Gills, J., 37; 39; 40 Global, development, 125; inequality, 35; governance, 103; in China, 167–188; praxis, 127 Guayasamin, O., 126 Globalization, 14; 148; 168 Gorbachev, M., 104 Gore, Al, 36; 42; 87; 88 Görg C., 65 Goswami, S., 132 Governance, 145 Gough, I., 66 Gouldner, A., 6; 22; 23 Governmentalism, 21 Governance, in China, 167–188 Chinese applications, 168–171; categorization of, in China, 171–172; international governances and China, 172 Growth economy, 31 Guha, R., 96 Guoxian, B., 170 Habersmas, J., Hall, J., 227 Häring, N., 50 Harrop, F., 104 Handy, C., 53 Harashima, 248 Harvey, D., 50; 54 Hasan, S Zafar, xx Health care, 132 Hayek, F A, v, 54; 120 Healy, J., 92 Healy, L M., 242; 245 Herath, D., 74 Higher education, 4; crisis of, 259 Hoffman, P S., 20 Hume, D., Human condition, 145; social, development, xxviii; 1; 45; Oxford University initiatives, 144; Evolution, xxv 266 index Ideology, 145 Ikenberry, J G., 172 Imagination, poverty of, 155 Inequality, xxiv; degrees of, 39; global, 35; and greed, 16; poverty, 16, social work, 16; structure of, 134 India, development in, 83; 95; 96 Indigenous communities, local development, 189–207 Indo-American, democratic experiments, 87–116 Indigenization, 14 Indo-US, exemplars of provocative public policy practices, 90; experiences and nexus, 89; Indo-Chinese experiences, 97 Inghum, G., 48 Intervention, Western, International experiences, 89 Internationalization, 14; 124 International social work (ISW), 117; 120; definition of, 125; evidence base of, 241; evolution of, 243–244; a lost mission, 247; and social work education, 243–245; politics of, 247; standardization in, 241; struggle for professionalization, 245–247 ISIS, xxiv Jackson, T., 67 Jaffrelot, C., 228 Jain, R., 231 Jani, N., 241; 247; 248 Jojo, B., 189 Jolie, A., 151 Jordan, A., 169 Justice, environmental, 87–113; 106; 156; social, 101; 127; 152; iron law of, 150; economic, 152 Kapur, A., 26; 95 Kapur, D., 228 Kant, E., Karger, H., 17; 19; 136 Katrina, 94; 258 Kautilya, 159 Keats, R., Keith, D., 87 Kejriwal, A., 105 Kendall, K K., 120 Keping, Y., 174 Kersbergen, K V., 168 Keynes, M., 35; 147; 158 Keystone EX, 37 Kindleberger, C., 53 Koch, M., 62–72 Korten, D., 56 Knowledge-based, practice, 25 Kowalski, R xvii–xxi; 45–56 Kristof, N., xxi Kropotkin, 45 Krugman, P., 256 Lally, D., 246 Latouche, S., 46 Lewis, A., 148 Lewis, O., 151 LGBT issues, 16 Lin Ka, 32 Littlewood, P 64 Liu, H., 180 Lockwood, D., 63 Lorenz, W., 247 Louisiana’s Cancer Alley, 94 Lowery, L., Maesen, v d L., 32; 102 Mallick, R., 230 Manjikian, G 244 Martínez-Alier, J., 67 Marx, Karl, 48 Maximal cities, 99 Metaphysicians, 20 Marx, Karl, 151 Marxism, 17 MEA, xvii Maeda, K K., 245 Mellor, M., 48; 50; 52 Mendacious development, 255–262 www.ebook3000.com index Menkhaus, K., 157 Messmer, M., 104 Metcalfe, M., 35 Mettler, S., Min, Q., 180 Mikkelson, 74 Minsky, H., 46 Mirowsky, P., 52 Mishra, P., 135 Modernity, 146 Modi, N., 26 Mohan, B., xx; 4; 18; 25; 26; 31; 35; 41; 46; 81; 84; 87; 89; 103; 122; 129; 143; 246; 248; 249; 251; 259 Money, as medium of exchange, wealth; also as hallmark of civic culture, 47–50; theory of, 47 Mora, C., 103 Morse, B., 97 Morton, K., 179 Mousseau, T., 41 Moynihan’s scissors, 20; 21 Murray, C., 15; 21; 136 Muslims, in neoliberal India, 223 Nagel, E., Naipaul, V S., 100 NASW, 123 Narcissism, institutional-individual, Nature of CSW, 124 Naxalites, 99 Narmada Project, 97; 98 New Deal, 15 Nietzsche, F., xxv; 18; 126 Noah, T., 136 Obama Care, 133 Occupy Wall Street, 94; 105 Oppression, annihilation of, 126 Outsourcing, corruption, 209–222 Owens, B R., 75 Ooms, G., 79 Pais, R., 14 Parkin, F., 64 267 Parmar, R., 229 Parsonsian, thought, 6; system 23; gospel, 24 Paradigm, practice, 26; egalitarian, 36; 39; 40; 3P-manifesto, 157 Pawar, M., 189 Pei, M., 178 Pensions, corruption, 220 Peters, B., 169 Philanthropy, 8; 21 Philosophy, of hope, 36 Piketty, T xxiv; xxv; 36 Pisarev, D., 14 Pikkettymania, xxv Polanyi, M., 45; 46 Police corruption, 219 Policy-practice, paradigm 21; 25 Policy initiatives (PI) vs policy practice (PP), 144 Politics of, Social work, licensing, 11; education, 12–15 Popper, K., 17 Postman, N., 48 Post-American world, 128; postideological world, 130; angst, 153; challenges, 131 Poverty, 81; of culture, xx; 151; 3–D view of PoC; of imagination, 151 Paradigm shift, 21 3Ps: people, policy, and practice Practice, 32; 159; social 8; exemplars of provocative practices, 91; good practices, 132; transformative, 145 Praxis, social, 125; global, 126; transformative, 153 Problem of human behavior, 10 Professional, culture, 24 Social work, 9; in Nigeria, 14; 16 Public health, 79 Putnam, R D., 134 Psychology, 77 Psychoanalysis, 17 268 index Qian, Y, 176 Quark, A A., 174 Quality of life, 33; issues, 100 Qutb, S., 151 Racism in America, 12–13 Social work, 11 Rabinow, P., 3; Rammohan, K T., 227 Rader, D., 151 RaÚema, M., xx Ramaiah A, 228 Ramo, J C., 173 Ranis, G., 149 Reagan, R., 15 Reaganism, 21 Revkian, A C., 259 Richmond, M., 243 Robinson, J., 135 Robbins, S., 17; 19 Rodrik, D., 53 Romanyshyn, J., 10; 118 Romney, M., 135 Rorty, R., 36 Rothbard, M N., 175 Rosnau, J N., 168 Rosanvallon, P., 35; 36 Rossi, S., 52 Roth, P., 22 Roy, A., 97; 100; 101 Rural development, corruption in, 220 Sachar, R., 231 Saich, T., 175 Samuelson, R., 149 Sanders, D., 119 Sardar Sarovar Project, 97 Sarila, N S., 156 Sartre, J P., 119; 255; 260 Say, J B., 49 Searle, J., 48; 53 Sequeira, R., 226 Serwer, A., 13 Seven Steps (for progress), 101–02 Schein, E., xix Schumpeter, J., 147 Science, and social science, 4; failure of, 73–88 Sharma, Prem, 88; 129 Silverstein, K., 93 Singh, S., 73–85 Singh, V P., 92 Smith, A., 47; 52 Sociology, 76 of social work, 11; 22 Social, atavism, 151 development, frontiers of, 34; hope 4; 33; justice, 101; meaning of, 17; 18; problems, 62–72; science, 75; 129; services, 23; transformation, 64; 143policy determinants, 107; policy research, 20; policy definition, 125; practice, 120 (See Ch I) quality, 32; 102; transformation, 24 Simmel, G., 46 Social work, 22 Archeology of, xxvii; careerism in, 19; E-revolution in, 250; and development, 80–82; education, practice and research (SW-EPR, 131; 136–137); education, 243–245; burden of (lack) of evidence, 249; knowledge-based, 23; in India and China, 25; international (ISW), 117 meaning of, 17; pedagogy, 16 Practice, xxvii; 16; practice, 16; definition of, 7; 16; 120 Work, xxi; devolution of, 4; 17; 136; as its own nemesis, 14–26 International Social Work, xxi; supervision in, 23; 26; research, 19; 20 Theory, 20; web-based programs, 23 Sociological, imagination, 18; 23 Science, failure of, 73–86; concepts, 75; scientificity, 19 www.ebook3000.com index Social welfare, as industry, 143; 22; logic of, 121; policy, 125 Soviet experiments, 96 Specht, H., 190 Stepan, M., 167–188 Stoesz, D., 16; 17; 19; 136 Strength perspective, 24 Summers, L., 6; 147 Sustainability, 31; defined 32, 34; 102; structural dimensions of, 40 Sussan, G., 41 Teltumbde, A., 228 Terrorism, 104 Therapeutic society, 19 Titmuss, R., 120 Toadification, 38 Toilets vs temples, 38 Thomas, C., 12 Transformative practice, 143–166; social, 137; social welfare, 143; 155 Ugiagbe, E., 14 UN, IPCC, 32; EPA, 32 Millennium Development Goals, 35 Unfreedom, democracies of, 26 Urban legends of social work, 269 Values vs Disvalues, 152 Varma, Badri, 96 Victor, P A., 68 Vogler, J., 169 Waghmore, S., 223; 225; 228; 236 Wall Street, meltdown, 158 Ward 9, in New Orleans, 157 Watters, E., 10 Weber, M., 64 Weiler, J., 244 Welfare state, Keynesian, Weingartner, C., 48 Wettestad, J., 170 Wilson, J Q., 21 Will, G., 20 William, B xxv White, W R xvii Wong, E., 89; 133 Work, 18 Wright, E O 62 Xiaoping, D., 177 Xuetong, Y., 173 Yizhou, W., 172 Yongnian, Z., 172 Zakaria, F., 128; 157; 257 ... Library of Congress Cataloging -in- Publication Data Mohan, Brij, 1939– Global frontiers of social development in theory and practice : climate, economy, and justice / Brij Mohan pages cm Includes... pm e n t i n Theory and Practice By the same author Kafka’s Cave: An Academic Memoir (forthcoming) Global Frontiers of Social Development Theory and Practice: Economy, Climate, and Justice (2015)... 8.3 8.4 Social Hope” and “Quality” of Life (Sustainability) Frontiers of Social Development: Climate, Economy, and Justice Unification of the Structural Dimnesions of Sustainability Standardization,