K C A L B A R N E I P IG PA O R PAOLO DI MARTINO is Senior Lecturer in International Business History at the Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham ANDREW POPP is Professor of Business History at the University of Liverpool PETER SCOTT is Professor of International Business History at the University of Reading’s Henley Business School COVER IMAGE: Celebrations of the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1897, at a workshop of W H Wilmot Ltd, 62-64 Albion Street, in Birmingham’s Jewellery Quarter Ownership Talbots and image of Pickering and Mayell PEOPLE, PL ACES AND BUSINESS CULTURES This collection brings together new research into nineteenthand twentieth-century British and European economic history, socio-cultural history and business history It is inspired by the work and legacy of Francesca Carnevali who, throughout her career, encouraged a lively dialogue between these different disciplines The book offers innovative views and perspectives on key debates and emphasises the connections between economic environments and wider social and cultural elements It also considers methodological issues and emerging approaches in economic history Topics include banks and business finance in the nineteenth century, mass-market retailing and class demarcations, economic microhistory, and comparative history and capitalism Economic, business, social and cultural historians alike will find it of interest EDITED BY DI MARTINO, POPP, SCOT T EDITED BY PAOLO DI MARTINO ANDREW POPP AND PETER SCOT T PEOPLE, PLACES AND BUSINESS CULTURES Essays in Honour of Francesca Carnevali People, Markets, Goods: Economies and Societies in History Volume People, Places and Business Cultures 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm People, Markets, Goods: Economies and Societies in History ISSN: 2051-7467 Series editors Barry Doyle – University of Huddersfield Nigel Goose – University of Hertfordshire Steve Hindle – The Huntington Library Jane Humphries – University of Oxford Willem M Jongman – University of Groningen The interactions of economy and society, people and goods, transactions and actions are at the root of most human behaviours Economic and social historians are participants in the same conversation about how markets have developed historically and how they have been constituted by economic actors and agencies in various social, institutional and geographical contexts New debates now underpin much research in economic and social, cultural, demographic, urban and political history Their themes have enduring resonance – financial stability and instability, the costs of health and welfare, the implications of poverty and riches, flows of trade and the centrality of communications This paperback series aims to attract historians interested in economics and economists with an interest in history by publishing high quality, cutting edge academic research in the broad field of economic and social history from the late medieval/ early modern period to the present day It encourages the interaction of qualitative and quantitative methods through both excellent monographs and collections offering path-breaking overviews of key research concerns Taking as its benchmark international relevance and excellence it is open to scholars and subjects of any geographical areas from the case study to the multi-nation comparison Previously published titles in the series are listed at the end of the volume 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm People, Places and Business Cultures Essays in Honour of Francesca Carnevali Edited by Paolo Di Martino, Andrew Popp and Peter Scott tHe boydell Press 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm © Contributors 2017 All Rights Reserved Except as permitted under current legislation no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner First published 2017 The Boydell Press, Woodbridge ISBN 978-1-78327-212-9 The Boydell Press is an imprint of Boydell & Brewer Ltd PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK and of Boydell & Brewer Inc 668 Mt Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620–2731, USA website: www.boydellandbrewer.com A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The publisher has no responsibility for the continued existence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate This publication is printed on acid-free paper Typeset by BBR, Sheffield 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm To the memory of Francesca Carnevali, 1964–2013 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm Contents ix x xi xiv List of Illustrations List of Tables List of Contributors Acknowledgements PART I INTRODUCTION Editors’ Introduction: Economic History ‘As If People Mattered’ Paolo Di Martino, Peter Scott and Andrew Popp Politics, Society, and Culture in the World of Production: Some Reflections on Francesca Carnevali’s Legacy Paolo Di Martino 13 PART II BETWEEN ECONOMICS AND CULTURE: EXPLAINING BUSINESS PRACTICES IN THEIR HISTORICAL CONTEXT Custom and Spectacle: The Public Staging of Business Life Andrew Popp 29 The Political Economy of Financing Italian Small Businesses, 1950–1990s Alberto Rinaldi and Anna Spadavecchia 55 Banks and Business Finance in Britain Before 1914: A Comparative Evaluation Leslie Hannah 75 Large-Scale Retailing, Mass-Market Strategies and the Blurring of Class Demarcations in Interwar Britain Peter Scott and James T Walker 99 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm viiiCONTENTS ‘Made in England’: Making and Selling the Piano, 1851–1914 Lucy Newton (with Francesca Carnevali) 127 PART III MAKING PEOPLE MATTER: EMERGING APPROACHES IN ECONOMIC HISTORY Twentieth-Century British History: Perspectives, Trajectories and Some Thoughts on a Revised Textbook Matthew Hilton 155 From Social Capital to Social Assemblage Kenneth Lipartito 177 Economic History and Microhistory Chris Wickham 193 Europe’s Difference and Comparative History: Searching for European Capitalism Andrea Colli 201 PART IV CONCLUSIONS Editors’ Conclusion Paolo Di Martino, Peter Scott and Andrew Popp 223 Appendix: Francesca Carnevali – Full List of Publications 231 Bibliography Index Tabula in Memoriam 233 260 267 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm Illustrations 1.1 Postcard of the Liverpool Exchange, 1904 Courtesy of Guy Atkins 31 4.1 Boots’ appeal to the classes and the masses Courtesy of Boots plc Archives, Beeston 105 4.2 Open merchandise display at Marks & Spencer in 1930 Courtesy of Marks & Spencer Company Archive, Leeds 107 5.1 D’Almaine’s Pianoforte Manufactory (Thomas Hosmer Shepherd, c.1835) © Museum of London 140 2284 (Boydell - 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Business Cultures).indd 259 10/02/2017 12:27 pm Index 20th Century Britain: Economic, Cultural, and Social Change 8–9, 21, 155–75 passim Affluence 9, 172 Albert, Michel 204 Alexandra Magazine, The 132 Amatori, Franco 207 American economy 6, 23, 130 Annales 194, 195, 196, 197 Anthropology 32, 194, 196, 204 Archival sources, importance of in historical methodology 225, 226 See also Microhistory Army & Navy Stores 132, 136 Artigiancassa 6, 69–74 passim Artisan firms 6, 57, 60, 61, 69–74 passim Asymmetric information 56, 73 Atlantic Ocean 37 Autolycus 181 Baker, Bruce 36, 40, 42 Balfour, Harold 114 Banca Commerciale Italiana 64 Banca d’America e d’Italia 66 Banco di Roma 64 Bank of England 89 Bank of Ireland 89 Bank of Italy (Banca d’Italia) 6, 57, 59, 74 Bank–industry relationships 4, 16, 75–96 passim, 225 Banks 4–7, 75–95 passim See also Finance, corporate American banks 79–95 passim Bad debt ratios 77 British banks Cartel arrangement 17, 76, 80 Centralised lending model 76 Concentration 76 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 260 Conservatism 82 Lending to new firms 82 Failure rates 83–4 French banks 84–5, 88 German banks 84–95 passim Italian banks 17, 55–74 passim, 75 Japanese banks 87 Merchant banks 84 Overseas banks 84 Oxford’s banks 79–83 Savings banks 80 Barclays Bank 75, 77, 79, 83, 95 Barings Bank 89 Bentall’s of Kingston 118 Berg, Maxine 128 Big business (corporations) 10–11, 17–18, 56, 58, 60, 67, 177, 203–20 passim Big Business and the Wealth of Nations 206 Billinge’s Advertiser 44 Binns of Sunderland 104 Birmingham jewellery industry (jewellery quarter) 9, 19, 20, 22, 190, 197, 226 BMW 83 Bois, Guy 200 Boot, Florence 118 Boot, Jesse 118, 120, 123 Boot, John 123 Boots the Chemists 7, 102, 104–5, 108, 110, 118, 120, 123–4 Bourdieu, Pierre 11, 195 British Home Stores 7, 110 Broadberry, Stephen 26, 90, 131 Broadwood family 147–9 Evelyn 148 James Henry Shudi 149 James Shudi 147 John 147 Thomas 147 Thomas junior 149 10/02/2017 12:27 pm INDEX261 Walter Stewart 149 Broderip, Francis 149 Brooke, Stephen 159 Brown, Callum 163 Brunner Mond 95 Burke, Peter 37 Business history 3, 4, 5, 13, 21, 25, 33, 47, 53, 202, 204, 206, 207, 208, 213, 219, 226 Business History 201, 202 Byrne, Paul 165 Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure 223–4 Cameron, Rondo 74 Capie, Forrest 82 Capital markets 15, 55, 63, 76, 78, 80, 87–9, 91, 95, 201, 219 Capitalism 10–11, 23, 32, 35, 36, 53, 58, 183, 201–19 passim Capitalisme contre capitalism 203–4 Carnevali, Francesca 3–12 passim, 13–26 passim, 32, 33, 34, 52, 53, 55, 56, 73, 74, 75–6, 89, 99, 124, 127–8, 130, 138, 151, 155, 156, 157, 160, 166, 172, 173, 178, 185, 190, 197, 198, 200, 201, 223–9 passim Cassis, Youssef 207 Cerutti, Simona 194 Chandler, Alfred 78, 91, 205, 206, 207, 216 Channon, Derek 206 Chavs 161 Chicago Board of Trade 35–6, 47, 53 Chitham, Frank 100, 116, 121 Class 7–8, 22, 33, 47, 48, 53, 59, 60, 61, 72, 73, 99–125 passim, 132, 133, 134, 136, 139, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162 Classes and Cultures 158 Cliometrics See New economic history Co-operative Wholesale Society 103, 113 Coase, Ronald 33, 177 Cole, W A. 224 Collard, Francis William 149 Colli, Andrea xi, 10–12, 58 Comparative history 8, 10, 201, 203 Conservative Party 56, 76, 114 Consumer credit 100, 103, 133 Consumption 5, 8, 11, 12, 21, 22, 24, 25, 99–125 passim, 128, 132, 162, 172, 218, 227–8 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 261 Cotton Brokers 29, 32, 35, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 46, 51, 53 Brokers’ Association 39, 40 Broking 37–8, 42, 43 Market 32 Rooms 30 Crafts, Nicholas 90, 91, 93 Credit Lyonnais 94 Credito Italiano 64 Crooked Line, A 156 Cultural history 9, 23, 156, 166–7, 170, 178, 191, 195 Customs See Sociology, Social beliefs Cyclopedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures 141 Daunton, Martin 163 David, Paul 224 Davies, Andrew 162 Davis, Lance E. 226 Davis, Natalie Zemon 195, 196 De Vries, Jan 128 Deane, Phyllis 224 Death of Christian Britain, The 163 Debenhams 107, 118 Deleuze, Gilles 183 Design 135, 148 Deutsche Bank 94 Di Martino, Paolo xi Distribution 4–5, 7–8, 11, 17, 21–5 passim, 57, 90, 99–125 passim, 227, 228 See also Retailing Dobbs, W C. 149 Dolge, Alfred 147 Drage, Benjamin 105 Drage’s Ltd 7, 105–6 Driscoll, Jimmy 118 Dumbell, Stanley 38, 40, 47 Dyas, Gareth 206 Dyer, Christopher 199, 200 Eagle Insurance 83 Economic history 3, 4, 9–10, 226, 228–9 See also New economic history Importance of a multi-disciplinary perspective 227 Economic History Review 20, 21, 33, 157, 228 Economic sociology See Sociology Education 7, 100, 125, 159, 161 10/02/2017 12:27 pm 262INDEX Ehrlich, Cyril 134, 149 Eley, Geoff 156–7, 173 Ellison, Thomas 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48 Empire 38, 157, 168–9, 172 Englishwoman’s Domestic Magazine, The 132 Entertainment (cinema, leisure, sport) 7, 33, 38, 42, 101–4 passim, 108, 116–17, 118, 119, 121, 123, 125, 133, 137, 158, 162, 186, 228 Entrepreneurship 14, 22, 129, 217, 219 Europe’s Advantage 16, 75, 201 Exhibitions 133 Great Exhibition, 1851, London 129, 132 Ideal Home Exhibition 132 Furnisher and Decorator, The 8, 132 Gaggio, Dario 189 Geertz, Clifford 194, 195 Gender 13, 35, 117, 151, 160–5 passim Gentlemen capitalism (gentlemanly capitalism) 15 Germany (German economy) 6, 7, 14–18 passim, 54, 56, 73, 84, 85, 87, 91–4 passim, 96, 134, 142, 206–8, 212–13, 216 Gerschenkron, Alexander 26, 209 Gillett, Arthur 82–3 Gilletts Bank 79, 81, 82 Ginzburg, Carlo 193, 195 Glass-Steagall Act 56 Globalisation 6, 172, 203–4, 220 Goldberg, Jessica 199, 200 Faide e parentele Lo stato genovese visto Goldman Sachs 89 dalla Fontanabuona 194 Granovetter, Mark 20, 179 Familiarity of Strangers, The 199 Great Britain Fashion 99, 113, 117, 129, 135, 136, 228 Banking See Banks, British banks Fatherhood and the British Working Class Economic decline, Industrial decline 160 (British malaise) 4, 14–18 passim, Feinstein, Charles 224 78, 130, 151 Fenwick’s of Newcastle 104 London Stock Exchange 87, 90, 95 Finance, corporate 5–7, 58, 75–95 ‘Made in Britain’ 8, 25, 172 passim, 201–2, 212, 216, 219 See also Manufacturing 6, 8, 14–15, 25, 38, Banks 120, 123, 202, 211 New issues 87–8 Greaves, Julian 159 Non-bank lenders 78, 80, 88–9 Greif, Avner 179, 182, 199 Financial history 5–7, 14, 224, 229 Grendi, Edoardo 193, 198 Financial markets See Capital markets Grossman, Richard 78 Financial services 75–95 passim Guattari, Félix 183 Mis-selling 89 Guinnane, Timothy 181 Firms Hahn, Barbara 36, 40, 42 Family firm (family capitalism) Hall, Nigel 38–9 145–51, 201 Hall, Stuart 169 Governance (ownership) 10, 201–16 Hannah, Leslie xi, 6, 12, 17 passim Harrison, Brian 158 Knowledge-based view 139, 145 Harrods 100, 116, 136, 137 Organisational structure 216–17 Hearth and Home 8, 132 passim Heath, C E. 148 Fisher, Kate 159 Hennessy, Peter 158 Flexible specialisation 138, 143, 150, 151 Heritage, John 199 Ford, Henry 82 Hicks, John 76 Forty, Adrian 128 Hikino, Takashi 207 France (French economy) 17, 18, 55–6, Hilton, Matthew xi, 8–9, 11 73, 84–5, 96, 134, 142, 206–8, 216 Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Frasers of Glasgow 104 Television 162 Freeman, Hardy & Willis 101 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 262 10/02/2017 12:27 pm INDEX263 Hobsbawm, Eric 157 Holt, George 39 Household goods 8, 128 See also Pianos Identity 22–4 passim, 33, 41–2, 48, 53, 55, 170, 187–90 passim See also Class Il consumo di devozioni 194 Il formaggio e i vermi 194, 196 Imai, Masami 78 Industrial districts (IDs) 4–6, 8, 14, 16–20 passim, 24, 33–4, 42, 52, 128–31 passim, 138–45, 150, 190, 202, 225–8 See also Flexible specialisation Firm co-operation within 144–5 Knowledge transfer 139, 142, 145 Industrial welfare movement 7–8, 100, 101, 120–4 Inequality 95, 159, 170, 171 Innovative capabilities 92–3 International Cotton Association 29 Isaac, John R. 29 Italy (Italian economy) 5–6, 17, 18, 55–74 passim, 85, 96–7, 198, 199, 201, 206, 208, 209, 212, 214 Japan (Japanese economy) 87, 135, 142, 204, 205, 206, 208, 214 Jewellery 4, 5, 124, 172, 185–90 passim, 226 See also Birmingham jewellery industry; Providence, Rhode Island John Lewis Partnership 121 Johnson, Dr 177 Johnson, Paul 7, 117 Jones, Geoffrey 128 Jones, Max 159 Jones, Owen 161 Kennard’s of Croydon 118 Kittner, Anita 118 Krugman, Paul 224 Kynaston, David 158 L’eridatà immateriale 194 Labour Party 56, 159 Ladurie, Emmanuel Le Roy 196 Landes, David 91 Landscape for a Good Woman 166 Larsson, Mats 201 Latour, Bruno 183 Lawrence, John 159, 161 Legitimacy 5, 12, 223 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 263 Levi, Giovanni 193, 198 Lewis, John 121 Lewis, John Spedan 121 Lewis’s of Liverpool 120 Liberalism 94, 170–1 Lipartito, Kenneth xii, 12, 47 Lipton’s 80, 101 Liverpool 5, 29 Cotton Association 31, 44, 45 Cotton Bank 31, 45 Cotton Clearing House 31, 45, 50 Exchange 29, 30, 38, 43, 44, 46, 48, 51 Mercury 29 Town Hall 43 Living standards and welfare 61, 99–125 passim, 229 Working hours 101, 123 Loeb, Lori Anne 128 London 5, 6, 15, 22, 36, 38, 53, 79–95 passim, 104, 105, 121, 131, 132, 135–43 passim, 148, 151, 167, 172, 226 Luxury 4, 14, 21–2, 24, 124, 225, 227, 228, 229 Macclesfield, Lord 82 MacKenzie, Donald 36 Madoff, Bernie 181 Mäenpää, Sari 39 Manchester 39–40, 82, 118 Manufacturing Jeweler 198 Marconi 95 Market (the) 4, 9, 11–12, 16–18 passim, 20, 33–54 passim, 55, 57, 58, 63, 73, 138, 157, 162, 171, 178–88 passim, 204, 205, 212, 223, 224 Marketing 4, 5, 8, 11, 21, 24–5, 94, 105, 128, 130, 218, 225, 227 Marks, Simon 108–9 Marks & Spencer 7, 101, 107, 108–9, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 119, 121–2, 123, 224 Marshall, Alfred 11, 34, 138–9, 142 Mason, Tony 162 Mass distribution See Distribution Mass production See Production Matthews, R C O. 224 Mayer, Michael 207 Mazower, Mark 167 McCloskey, Deirdre 24 McKenzie, John 168 McKibbin, Ross 158 10/02/2017 12:27 pm 264INDEX Mediobanca 66 Mersey, River 37 Microhistorie 194, 196 Microhistory 9–10, 32, 131, 193–201 passim, 223–9 passim Midland Bank 83 Military history 160–82 passim Mills, Terence 8, 91 Modern British history 155–7 passim Montague Burton Ltd 7, 108, 113, 119, 120, 123–4 Montaillou 196 Morris, William 82–3, 95 Morris Motors 83, 95 Multinationals (multinational company) 6, 93, 218–19 Munster and Leinster Bank 89 NEMJSA 52, 185–90, 197 Neoclassical economics 3, 4, 178, 224, 225, 228 New economic history 3, 4–5, 10, 224, 226–8 New institutional economics 22–3, 186, 198, 227 See also Coase, Ronald; Williamson, Oliver Bounded rationality 23 Moral hazard 78 Opportunism 4, 23, 190, 225, 227–8 New Orleans 42 New York 41, 79, 82, 84 Newton, Lucy xii, 8, 12, 25 Nex, Jennifer Susan 146 North, Douglass 179 Oldenziel, Ruth 128 Oliver, Michael 166 Orchard, G B. 42 Owen, John 44–4 Panayi, Panikos 168 Parties and People 158 Pavan, Robert 206 Pedler, John 29–30 People (importance of, in history) 223–9 passim Piano, Organ and Music Trades Journal, The 136 Pianoforte Dealers’ Guide, The 135 Pianos 8, 25, 124 Firm longevity 149–50 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 264 Industry structure 143–4 Manufacturers Brinsmeads 150 Broadwood & Sons 135, 142, 143–4, 146–9, 150 Chappell and Company 137 Clementi & Co. 144, 149 Collard 144 Hopkinson’s 144 Longman & Broderip 149 Longman, Lukey & Broderip 149 Robert Wornum 144 Wilkinson & Co. 149 Production processes 141–3 Piketty, Thomas 159, 170, 171 Political economy 4–6, 16–18 passim, 55–74 passim, 75, 162, 204, 217–18, 227 Political history 11, 164, 170, 194 Popp, Andrew xii, 5, 12 Porter, Bernard 168 Poverty 159, 163, 229 Price, Christopher 166 Price’s Fifty Shilling Tailors 113 Prochaska, Frank 163 Production 5, 7, 11, 12, 13–26 passim, 57–9, 61, 67, 73–3, 92, 99, 101, 109–13 passim, 124, 127–34 passim, 151, 172, 178, 180, 227–8 Protestantism 183 Providence, Rhode Island, USA 5, 9, 10, 22, 23, 33, 52, 185, 186, 189–91, 197, 200, 226 Pugh, Martin 163 Putnam, Robert 179 Quaderni Storici 193 Raggio, Osvaldo 194 Ramella, Franco 199 Resale price maintenance 100, 112–13 Retailing 7–8, 99–125 passim, 132 Co-operatives 80, 100, 102–3, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 120, 121, 133 Department stores 101, 102, 104, 115, 116, 117, 118, 120, 121, 132, 133, 137 Display 101, 106, 107, 118–19 Leisure element 101, 102, 104, 116–19 Mail order 133, 136 Multiples 100, 101, 102, 105, 108, 112–13, 114, 116, 120 Penny bazaars 102, 106, 121, 133 10/02/2017 12:27 pm INDEX265 Services 102 Variety stores 106–7, 108, 112, 117 Return of Martin Guerre, The 195 Revel, Jacques 194 Rinaldi, Alberto xii, 5–6, 12, 58 Rollings, Neil 169 Rose, Frederick 149 Rose, George Daniel 149 Rose, George Thomas 149 Rose, Nikolas 164 Roskill, O W. 108, 111, 114, 119 Rugg, Julie 159 Rumelt, Richard 206 Sabel, Charles F. 19, 34, 73 Sainsbury’s 113 Savage, Mike 161 Scale and Scope 206 Schenk, Catherine 159 Schumpeter, Joseph 11, 91, 224 Schwarz, Bill 169 Scott, Peter xii, 7–8, 12, 17 Second World War (WWII) 10, 56, 58, 63, 74, 75, 114, 158, 165, 193, 211 Seeking a Role 158 Selfridge, Gordon 104, 117, 118, 120 Selfridges 104, 106, 118 Shakespeare, William 177, 190 Shell (oil company) 95 Shudi, family Barbara 147 Burkat 147 Henry Fowler 148, 149 James 148 John 147 Siemens, Georg 94 Singer Manufacturing Co. 101 Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) 5–6, 56–9, 61, 63, 66–74 passim Small firms 17, 19, 111, 138, 139, 143, 150, 178, 201–2, 227 See also Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) Smart Brothers Ltd 106 Smith, Adam 11 Smith, Samuel 40, 43, 47, 50 Social assemblage 9 Social capital 8–9, 23, 177–91 passim, 198–9 Social history 5, 8, 51, 156, 159, 194, 225–6 Social justice (social exclusion) 159, 170–1 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 265 Sociology 10–11, 20, 23, 32, 35, 37, 50, 202–5, 227–8 Embeddedness 9, 17, 35, 52, 177–93 passim Social beliefs (norms) 5, 12, 23–4, 29–55 passim, 125, 187–91 passim Spadavecchia, Anna xiii, 5–6, 12 State (the) 37, 55–6, 58, 60–1, 67, 70–3 passim, 114, 164–72 passim, 178, 184, 195, 208 Steedman, Carolyn 166 Stephenson, W L. 123 Stock exchanges See Capital markets Stock market See Capital markets Strange, Julie-Marie 8, 21, 155, 156, 157, 160, 162, 166, 173 Street, John 162 Supply chains 101, 109–14 Sutcliffe-Braithwaite, Florence 161 Szreter, Simon 159 Technology 6, 22, 49, 57, 129, 133–4, 136, 139, 148, 183, 205, 224 Tedlow, Richard S. 128 Terra e telai 199 Thanheiser, Heinz 206 Thatcher, Margaret 90, 158, 167 Thomas, Dixon 166 Thomas, Mark 90 Thompson, E P. 32, 47, 48, 50, 51, 195 Thurow, Lester C. 204 Times Furnishing Co. 106 Tinkler, Penny 162 Tomlinson, Charles 141 Tomlinson, Jim 157, 164 Torre, Angelo 194 Trade associations 8, 20, 23, 52, 100, 112, 114, 120, 178 Trade unions 70, 121, 165, 197 Transactions cost economics See New institutional economics Treasury (the) 17, 67 Trivellato, Francesca 182, 199 Trust 8–9, 12, 19–21, 34–5, 52, 145–6, 177–93 passim, 197–8, 213–14, 223 Unions See Trade unions United Drug Co. 108 University of Birmingham, Centre for Modern British Studies 8, 155 US economy See American economy 10/02/2017 12:27 pm 266INDEX Value chains See Supply chains Veblen, Thorstein 11, 224 Vernon, James 170 W H Smith 107, 119 Walker, James xiii, 7–8, 12 Watson, Katherine 159 Weber, Max 183 Weeping Britannia 166 Welfare 7, 69, 100–3, 120–5 passim, 163, 165, 229 White Man’s World, The 169 Whiteleys 136 Whittington, Richard 207 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 266 Wholesale Society for Scotland 103 Wickham, Chris xiii, 10, 32 Wilkinson, George 149 Williamson, Oliver 20, 23, 224, 227 Winter’s Tale, The 177 Woolworths 7, 106, 108, 110, 112, 119, 122–3, 124 Wrigley, Chris 165 Yorkshire Penny Bank 89 Zaloom, Caitlin 35, 36, 47, 48, 49 Zeitlin, Jonathan 19, 32, 34, 73 10/02/2017 12:27 pm Tabula in Memoriam Gerben Bakker Youssef Cassis Andrea Colli Malcolm Dick Paolo Di Martino Barry Doyle Elaine Fulton Nigel Goose Leslie Hannah Matthew Hilton Steve Hindle Jane Humphries Willem M Jongman Ken Lipartito Alex Mold Anne L Murphy Lucy Newton Giandomenico Piluso Noelle Plack Andrew Popp Alberto Rinaldi Peter Scott Anna Spadavecchia Jim Tomlinson Michelangelo Vasta James Walker Chris Wickham Simon Yarrow 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 267 10/02/2017 12:27 pm People, Markets, Goods: Economies and Societies in History ISSN: 2051-7467 Previous titles Landlords and Tenants in Britain, 1440–1660: Tawney’s Agrarian Problem Revisited edited by Jane Whittle, 2013 Child Workers and Industrial Health in Britain, 1780–1850 Peter Kirby, 2013 Publishing Business in Eighteenth-Century England James Raven, 2014 The First Century of Welfare: Poverty and Poor Relief in Lancashire, 1620–1730 Jonathan Healey, 2014 Population, Welfare and Economic Change in Britain 1290–1834 edited by Chris Briggs, P M Kitson and S J Thompson, 2014 Crises in Economic and Social History: A Comparative Perspective edited by A T Brown, Andy Burn and Rob Doherty, 2015 Slavery Hinterland: Transatlantic Slavery and Continental Europe, 1680–1850 edited by Felix Brahm and Eve Rosenhaft, 2016 Almshouses in Early Modern England: Charitable Housing in the Mixed Economy of Welfare, 1550–1725 Angela Nicholls, 2017 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 268 10/02/2017 12:27 pm K C A L B A R N E I P IG PA O R PAOLO DI MARTINO is Senior Lecturer in International Business History at the Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham ANDREW POPP is Professor of Business History at the University of Liverpool PETER SCOTT is Professor of International Business History at the University of Reading’s Henley Business School COVER IMAGE: Celebrations of the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1897, at a workshop of W H Wilmot Ltd, 62-64 Albion Street, in Birmingham’s Jewellery Quarter Ownership Talbots and image of Pickering and Mayell PEOPLE, PL ACES AND BUSINESS CULTURES This collection brings together new research into nineteenthand twentieth-century British and European economic history, socio-cultural history and business history It is inspired by the work and legacy of Francesca Carnevali who, throughout her career, encouraged a lively dialogue between these different disciplines The book offers innovative views and perspectives on key debates and emphasises the connections between economic environments and wider social and cultural elements It also considers methodological issues and emerging approaches in economic history Topics include banks and business finance in the nineteenth century, mass-market retailing and class demarcations, economic microhistory, and comparative history and capitalism Economic, business, social and cultural historians alike will find it of interest EDITED BY DI MARTINO, POPP, SCOT T EDITED BY PAOLO DI MARTINO ANDREW POPP AND PETER SCOT T PEOPLE, PLACES AND BUSINESS CULTURES Essays in Honour of Francesca Carnevali ... the end of the volume 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures) .indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm People, Places and Business Cultures Essays in Honour of Francesca Carnevali Edited by Paolo Di Martino, Andrew... International Journal of Business History (2003–07) and President of the Business History Conference Lucy Newton is Associate Professor in Business History in the School of International Business. .. Staging of Business Life Andrew Popp 29 The Political Economy of Financing Italian Small Businesses, 1950–1990s Alberto Rinaldi and Anna Spadavecchia 55 Banks and Business Finance in Britain Before