www.ebook3000.com Water Tech This book unveils how the world in the twenty-first century will need to manage our most fundamental resource: water It outlines how stakeholders can improve water use in their homes, their businesses and the world In particular, it focuses on the role of investors in crafting a twenty-first century paradigm for water Investors not only drive innovation through direct investment in new technologies, but also by highlighting risk and driving reporting and disclosure within the business community Water Tech highlights the business drivers to address water scarcity These include business disruption, regulatory risk and reputational risk, along with opportunities in the commercialization of innovative technologies, such as desalination and water reuse and treatment The authors argue that through increased attention on water scarcity (via activities such as reporting and disclosure) we are now accelerating innovation in the water industry They show how we are just now capturing the true cost and value of water, and this is creating opportunities for investors in the water sector The text takes the reader through key aspects of emerging innovative technologies, along with case studies and key issues on the path to commercialization A roadmap of the opportunities in the water sector is presented based on interviews with leading authorities in the water field, including innovators, investors, legal experts, regulatory experts and businesses Will Sarni is an internationally recognized thought leader on water stewardship and sustainability strategies, and author of Corporate Water Strategies (Earthscan, 2011) Will works with some of the most recognized global brands in developing water stewardship strategies He is a board member of the Rainforest Alliance, and has worked with several NGOs as an adviser on water-related programs He is based in Denver, Colorado, USA Tamin Pechet is CEO of Banyan Water, a private-equity-funded company using information technology to reduce water costs and risks for large commercial and institutional customers He is also chairman and co-founder of Imagine H2O, a global non-profit organization spurring water entrepreneurship He is based in San Francisco, California, USA “Water stewardship is in its infancy – yet the possibilities for private industry to drive innovation and support improved performance from the public sector is huge Private industry has always sought water innovation, but in the past, the pressures were different from those emerging in today’s highly branded, globalised and increasingly water stressed world This book lays out in clear terms why companies need to act and shows how Water Tech will play a crucial role in bridging the internal with external worlds of water management with stewardship practice.” Stuart Orr, Head of Water Stewardship, WWF International “This book is a welcome, uplifting addition to the water literature It points out that water problems in fact can be solved, once the risk is properly understood Thanks to this and other contributions by Will Sarni we are now approaching the point where necessity meets ability, and where water becomes an investment opportunity.” Piet Klop, PGGM “Water matters to us all, whether CEOs, elected officials or consumers Twothirds of the world’s population over the next 20 years will experience some type of water shortage Sarni and Pechet have written an accessible primer on the dynamics of water supply and demand and on the way forward for industry leaders, government regulators, municipal managers and financiers Much of our profligate water use – including the 70% used by agriculture – is easily reduced through tracking, pricing, efficiency, recycling, reuse and innovation (technology and practice) Industry can lead the way through individual action and precompetitive collaboration with government, financiers, and civil society to address issues of pricing, regulation, and commercialization of new innovations.” Tensie Whelan, President, Rainforest Alliance “As in energy, addressing the global water challenges of the 21st century will require innovations in technology, investment, and thinking Sarni and Pechet’s book is a highly readable and invaluable guide helping point the way to a new, sustainable water future for the planet.” Clint Wilder, Senior Editor at Clean Edge and co-author, The Clean Tech Revolution and Clean Tech Nation “Will Sarni and Tamin Pechet write with passion and optimism about the need to integrate good water stewardship into the heart of business They show how an increasing number of companies recognizes the need for sustainable water use The book shows that the path from awareness to actual change will have to go through innovation.” Arjen Y Hoekstra, professor in Water Management, the Netherlands, and author of The Water Footprint of Modern Consumer Society www.ebook3000.com “This book makes a compelling case for why leaders need to better understand our relationship with water, is brilliant in its capture of nuance in water issues around the world, and more importantly it is convincing about the phenomenal commercial opportunity for innovation and technology to contribute to a secure and sustainable future.” Anand Shah, Founder, Sarvajal “Will Sarni and Tamin Pechet have compiled not only an important book, but also a guide for entrepreneurs, innovators, policymakers and corporate executives As a longtime water advocate and author on the subject, I can safely say this breaks new ground Will and Tamin’s quest to showcase and discuss the cutting edge tools, practices, and strategies behind the business of water is a wild success Water is life And this book identifies new ways we can make it sustainable.” Tom Kostigen, author of The Green Blue Book, the simple water savings guide to everything in your life “Sarni and Pechet make it clear that increasingly, water could be a source of failure for companies There is great opportunity to take an out-of-the-box approach to innovation in water that can lead a more sustainable future for our most critical resource.” Jigar Shah This page intentionally left bank www.ebook3000.com Water Tech A guide to investment, innovation, and business opportunities in the water sector William Sarni and Tamin Pechet First published 2013 by Routledge Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2013 William Sarni and Tamin Pechet The right of William Sarni and Tamin Pechet to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sarni,William Water tech : a guide to investment, innovation and business opportunities in the water sector / William Sarni and Tamin Pechet pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index 1.Water resources development–Technological innovations 2.Water-supply–Economic aspects Risk management I Pechet,Tamin II.Title HD1691.S28 2013 333.91–dc23 2013010778 ISBN: 978-1-84971-473-0 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-203-12729-2 (ebk) Typeset in Goudy by FiSH Books Ltd, Enfield www.ebook3000.com William Sarni: This book is dedicated to my wife Maureen, and my sons James, Thomas, and Charles.They inspire me to contribute what I can towards creating a better world Tamin Pechet: For my father, with gratitude This page intentionally left bank www.ebook3000.com Contents List of illustrations Foreword by Marcus Norton Foreword by Tom Kostigen Preface by William Sarni Preface by Tamin Pechet Acknowledgements Author biographies x xii xiv xvi xviii xx xxii PART I Innovation The value of water Global trends as drivers for innovation 11 25 PART II What is water tech? 39 43 65 83 114 Do water and innovation “mix?” Water supply Water demand The water, energy, and food nexus PART III Building the twenty-first-century water industry – ideas, money, and commercialization 10 11 129 The ideas The money Commercialization What does success look like? The Global World Water Forum 2024 135 151 165 182 192 Index 194 What does success look like? 187 Building a water ecosystem through collective action The twenty-first-century water industry will be built through a “water ecosystem” to promote innovative thinking and nurture companies to transform how we manage water The development of a more robust water ecosystem will require public and private sector cooperation through collective action The water ecosystem is, and will continue to be, a driver in moving us to a new way of thinking about water and the development of new “disruptive” water technologies The Blue Economy Initiative in Ontario, Canada is an excellent example of a successful water ecosystem (as previously discussed, there are several others, including Singapore and Israel) The groundwork for the “Blue Water Economy Initiative” began with the 2010 The Water Opportunity for Ontario9 report and the Blue Economy: Risks and Opportunities in Addressing the Global Water Crisis report.10 These reports suggested that Ontario, Canada act on an opportunity to become a world leader in the massive global water market The former report was the effort of about 100 companies in Ontario and included a wide range of stakeholders – academics, industry, consultants and government representatives The recommendations from this report highlight the key elements of creating a successful water ecosystem (the recommendations outlined below are specific to Ontario but several elements can be applied anywhere): • • • Establish a bold vision – this is all about strong leadership and vision The report takes the position that Ontario will need to send a “clear unifying message that water is a high priority, now and for the future.” The goal, by 2015, called for Ontario to be “recognized as a global leader and centre of expertise for providing safe, clean, affordable and sustainable water solutions.” Create an Ontario Sustainable Water Opportunity Act – align public policy with private sector entrepreneurship According to the report, Ontario has become a global leader in energy conservation and renewable energy in part due to the introduction of the Ontario “Green Energy Act, 2009.” The creation of the water opportunity act is believed would: encourage sustainable water behavior; adopt transparent costing and accounting of water use; support water technology demonstration and early adoption; and attract early stage, innovative water technology companies to Ontario The policy would tie public funding of utilities to demonstrated adoption of new water tech Increase alignment and collaboration – although the value of aligning stakeholders and promoting collaboration may be straightforward, fragmentation and misaligned incentives inhibit cooperation on water management globally The report recognizes the market’s fragmentation, the need to identify and address market barriers, and the need to engage all stakeholders to create opportunities 188 • Building the twenty-first-century water industry Brand Ontario as a leader in sustainable water – brand matters The report recommended that Ontario develop and market its brand In building Ontario’s brand, a clear articulation of Ontario’s “unique water story, both within and outside Ontario, would increase the perceived value of Ontario’s water industry, products and services.” The pillars of the Ontario report can be the pillars of a broader, global water ecosystem Painting a big vision is a necessary step toward gathering and motivating the key stakeholders for collective action In Ontario’s case, the authors recognized the major economic potential of water tech, and aimed high at demonstrating how important it could be to the regional economy The authors also recognized the existing market impediments to a flourishing water economy In the spirit of the report’s big vision, however, the authors also put forth a firm belief that the water market would grow into an increasingly important economic, political, and social focal point for the region and the world Educating key stakeholders to the current opportunity, and painting a big vision for how that opportunity will grow, are key components of inspiring water ecosystems for collective action As discussed in Part I, Ontario’s vision is one of a number of efforts to build water ecosystem hubs and organizations Other organizations shaping the twenty-first-century water paradigm (such as Imagine H2O and Kinrot Ventures) united various stakeholder groups to build water ecosystems While the few existing initiatives to build water ecosystems vary, they share the goal of connecting a diversity of stakeholders to identify and nurture water tech innovation Although we believe water tech ecosystems will interconnect, enabling a broader global platform for next generation water management, local and regional efforts will remain crucial Water, for now, is a hyper local issue Building local efforts that then interconnect where necessary can help, and multiple efforts can create both opportunities for partnership and for healthy competition for leadership, advancing water tech at a quicker pace Smart public policy The private sector can make great strides in implementing water stewardship strategies and developing innovative water technologies However, real longterm progress can only go so far without the support of smart public water policies Water is, after all, a heavily regulated commodity As previously discussed, smart public policy starts with smart water pricing As we have discussed, the price of water does not reflect the full cost and certainly does not reflect the full value of water Almost everyone in the water industry echoes the disconnect between current pricing and the need for smart water pricing As long as water prices are artificially low, there will continue to be a built-in disincentive for investment in water tech To quote a colleague, the “tyranny of the simple payback” is a real barrier for investment in water projects While the private sector can reduce www.ebook3000.com What does success look like? 189 the payback period for investment in water projects and institute a “shadow price (the setting of an internal price for water independent of local water prices to drive capital investment)” on water, the public sector is more challenged Smart water pricing means more than increasing water and sewer prices where they fall too far below true all-in cost to create good behavior It means smart methodology of pricing, ensuring affordable service and supply for basic needs, and economic pricing of marginal system use It means smart measurement of use to enable better pricing, smart billing to enable better collection, and much more Creating a better twenty-first-century water management system requires placing appropriate value on water, and choosing economic methods to provide for basic needs and to provide appropriate incentives for smart water behavior beyond those basic needs In our twenty-first-century water paradigm, smart policy applies to all water, including wastewater and reused water, and we believe we will see increases in price and value across the board In part, we believe those changes will result from policy which encourages matching water quality to water use, and encourages reuse Currently, many developed countries use water treated to drinking standards for all uses, and use that water only once, whereas peer developed countries reuse the vast majority of their water We expect smart policy, incorporating price, regulation, building codes and more to encourage “catch up” from regions which employ a “use it once” or a “use it or lose it” model We will move toward a policy framework in which all water is valued Moreover, smart water policy transcends smart water pricing We have discussed the importance of policy in promoting water tech supply and demand to enable a smart water future Smart water policy will also support and link the development of water ecosystems, in part by encouraging public and private collaboration Some existing platforms for public private partnerships to tackle long-term water stewardship and smart policy include efforts by the Water Resources Group, WWF and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) All of these efforts are making progress in getting public policy to move towards a new long-term approach to water management In addition, there are numerous examples of public-private cooperation on financing water tech and water research, all of which provide a key second pillar to a vision of better water management Advanced water policy may contemplate water in its interaction with other basic pillars of society, recognizing and supporting the link between water, food, and energy along with the needs of ecosystems, social uses and cultural norms Increasingly, the private sector has engaged the public sector on aligning energy, water and food policies As we have seen, water scarcity impacts energy and food production Smart water policy, as it relates to energy and food production, may address water efficiency programs, promoting low water footprint energy production in water stressed watersheds, innovative water reuse approaches for shale gas production, and growing crops appropriate for the region and watershed, among other linkages 190 Building the twenty-first-century water industry Smart capital Building a new water paradigm requires capital We believe we will see increased investment in water opportunities from a growing investor base who will rapidly climb the industry learning curve We believe those investors will benefit from a growing wealth of qualified investment opportunities managed and dreamed up by teams of operators and entrepreneurs, some of whom will come from the industry, and many who will be drawn to the industry as we educate more stakeholders to the water opportunity Supportive regulation and policy will facilitate new capital for smart water initiatives, as will increasing water and sewer prices, and the incorporation of water risks and externalities into customer perception of water value We expect the financial community to play a part in accelerating water tech production and adoption by performing diligence on water risks and opportunities, and pressing seekers of capital to address water needs Debt investors will increasingly investigate the required water spend of bond issuers, forcing those cities and utilities to spend on water tech Public equity investors will expect companies to report on water use and act upon opportunities to save money and reduce risk by adopting water tech Private market investors will offer to finance improvements in critical water systems along with more economically-driven water and sewer pricing methods, and will seek to invest behind high return water tech improvements in those systems Cities will tie their own financing of water infrastructure to advanced water tech A water-smart future requires a virtuous cycle of capital and entrepreneurship We believe water-smart capital will rise in dollars, sophistication, and impact Leadership development Students and professionals interested in entering the water market frequently ask if we believe water will be “the next big thing.” Our answer, often, is “yes, if you make it so.” To move beyond the old paradigm of water management, we need to attract and develop a new generation of water leaders in all relevant stakeholder groups, and those leaders must be comprised of new entrants as well as new leaders emerging from existing ranks This will mean moving public sector leaders to fully understand water risk, fair water pricing and technology innovation, and to encourage technology innovation through acceptable risk taking The current mindset of “just it the same as before” will not serve us well going forward Public sector leaders will need to reject accepting non-revenue water, highly subsidized water pricing and a supply side mentality (the focus on increasing supply as the default solution to water scarcity) That will require inspiring new leaders within public sector ranks, and attracting new leaders to advance water initiatives from outside existing ranks The private sector will also need to develop leaders well versed in water issues and solutions We have seen considerable progress as legal, MBA and MS www.ebook3000.com What does success look like? 191 programs have come to include sustainability courses However, water stewardship now needs to be embedded into these programs just as climate change and renewable energy issues have been to date For those already in leadership positions in the private sector, internalizing externalities such as water needs to be the norm and not the exception Fortunately, we are seeing this shift now as young leaders are emerging in water tech and water stewardship strategy We have found no shortage of students and professionals interested in working in water and on supporting water stewardship strategy projects Each of these pillars links to and will support the others Together, education of key stakeholders, ecosystems linking those stakeholders, supportive policy, smart capital, and a new generation of leadership will build a vision of success Notes http://masdarcity.ae/en Ibid Ibid www.guardian.co.uk/sustainable-business/nestle-peter-brabeck-attitude-waterchange-stewardship World Economic Forum (2012) Global Risks 2012, http://reports.weforum.org/globalrisks-2012 Economist Intelligence Unit (2012) Water for all? A Study of Water Utilities’ Preparedness to Meet Supply Challenges to 2030, www.oracle.com/us/industries/ utilities/utilities-water-for-all-ar-1865053.pdf Ceres (2012) Water Ripples: Expanding Risks for US Water Providers, Boston, MA: Ceres Xyleminc (2012) Value of Water Index – Americans on the US Water Crisis, www.xyleminc.com OCETA and XPV Capital Corporation (2010)The Water Opportunity for Ontario, March 10 David Henderson of XPV Capital Corporation and Nicholas Parker of the Cleantech Group (2012) Blue Economy: Risks and Opportunities in Addressing the Global Water Crisis, www.blue-economy.ca/sites/default/files/reports/BlueEconomyInitiative%20%20WEB.pdf Chapter 11 The Global Water Forum 2024 Having been to the 2012 Global World Water Forum, I (Sarni) can picture what the 10th World Water Forum in 2024 might look like From 2012 to 2024 there has been slow but measurable progress in addressing water scarcity and water quality issues In 2024 the conversations with CEOs, public sector leaders and NGOs are more positive than they were in 2012 By adopting water stewardship strategies, actively engaging in collective action programs and deploying innovative technologies, we have benefitted from increased access to clean water and sanitation, economic growth and the adoption of “fair” water pricing to drive conservation and innovation I believe 2012 will be viewed as a turning point in addressing water risk and driving technology innovation The CDP Water Program reports, the World Economic Forum report on Global Risks Landscape (identifying “water supply crisis” as having a high probability of likelihood and high impact) and the drought in the US and elsewhere brought us to the tipping point One can imagine a conversation with the CEO of a global food company during the 2024 forum reflecting on the progress the private and public sectors have made over the years Her company’s supply chain is efficiently using water resources through adoption of technology and sustainable agriculture practices Water scarcity and water quality are not limiting her expansion into many parts of the world giving her the ability to feed an ever-increasing population She knows the water footprint of her products and communicates the performance of her company’s water stewardship program through frameworks such as CDP (now expanded to cover all natural resource issues – energy, water, ecosystems) Her company is an active partner with the public sector, NGOs, and other stakeholders in deploying water technology to improve water efficiency, reuse, and recycling I can also picture several government representatives being proud of their accomplishments: innovative water pricing tied to the value of water; restructuring of their water and energy utilities to minimize water use (consumptive and non-consumptive) through conservation; smart agricultural policy to promote growing low water requirement crops in arid and semi-arid climates; deployment www.ebook3000.com The Global Water Forum 2024 193 of low water energy production and the creation of water technology hubs to build a thriving technology export industry and a robust educational system creating generations of water engineers, scientists, public policy leaders and entrepreneurs And finally, the NGOs have made significant contributions in addressing water issues They have led in the development of water footprinting methodologies, water risk mapping tools, collective action platforms such as the Water Action Hub, and supporting public policy in ecosystem conservation and transboundary water stewardship These NGOs have truly become partners with the private and public sectors in deploying innovative water policies and technologies I am hopeful that 2024 will be viewed as a great meeting and that we can be proud that businesses, the public sector and NGOs heeded the call to action over 10 years ago The “business as usual” scenarios did not come to pass Instead, we have come to value water and have new technologies and partnerships successfully addressing the public sector, private sector and ecosystem needs for water Looking back a decade, both of us (Sarni and Pechet) will be struck by how present the opportunity to make a difference in building our water future was, and be grateful that we were among those to learn of it and act upon it Index 3M 104 De Septiembre 49 Airdrop system 76–7 Algeria 80, 107 American Rivers 18, 24 American Society of Civil Engineers 153, 163 American Water Works Association (AWWA) x, 101–2, 113 American Water Works Company 154 Amiad Filtration Systems 50 Aquarius Technologies xix, 167 Aquatech Innovation Award 163 Aqwise 50 APTWater 142, 150, 161 Arcadia 94, 112 Argentina 16, 50 Arison 161 Arizona 14–15, 74–5, 77, 109, 129, 153 Ashworth, Emily xviii, 97, 98 Australia 4, 34, 54, 64, 74, 76–7, 84, 87–90, 94–6, 107–8, 155, 175, 181 Australia Intergovernmental Agreement on a National Water Initiative 54 Australia National Rainwater and GreyWater Initiative 96 Australia National Water Initiative (NWI) 54 Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) 102 Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) Systems 102 AYALA Water & Ecology 50 Badger Meter 97 Baltic Sea 117 Bangladesh 55, 139–40, 142 Banyan Water i, xiv, xix-xx, 159, 163, 176, 178 Barringer, Felicity 156, 163 BASF 162 Beigel, Suzanne 162 Belgium 46, 87 Ben Gurion, David 48 Bena, Dan xviii, 60, 64 Bermuda xvi, 75 Beverage Industry Environmental Roundtable (BIER) 92, 112 Bhardwaj, Vipin 97 BioScience 72 Black & Veatch 15 Blass, Simcha 94 Blue Economy Initiative 187 blue water 68–9 Boulder Innovation Center 171 Brabeck-Letmathe, Peter 115, 179–80, 184 brand value 20–1, 31–2, 86, 129, 165 Brazil 16, 29, 55, 72, 90 Buckman Direct Diversion 15 Buiter, Willem 151 Business for Social Responsibility 179 Caldera, Jorge Herrera 58 Calderón, Miguel 58 Calera 161 California i, 22, 34, 78, 81, 108–9, 119, 123–5, 138–9, 152–3, 156, 186 California Energy Commission 119 Cambodia 16 Canada 17, 56–7, 87–8, 155, 187–8 CapDI 142 Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) xi, xiv, xviii, 3, 12, 23, 29–30, 36–7, 164, 192 Carrete, Josè Miguel Campillo 58 www.ebook3000.com Index Cassman, Kenneth 125, 127 Castro, Cecil 58 Catley-Carlson, Margaret 126 Cave, Martin 46, 63 CDP Water Program xiv, 3, 12, 23, 29, 30, 31, 37, 157, 185, 192 Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems (WaterCAMPWS) 172, 181 Central Arizona Project 15, 77 CEO Water Mandate 2–3, 7, 16–17, 24 Ceres 18, 22, 24, 157, 164, 175–6, 181, 185, 191 Cheung Kong Infrastructure Holdings 159 China 17, 22, 28–9, 55, 59–60, 64, 75, 77, 89–90, 107–8, 174–6, 181 Circle of Blue 14–15, 17, 60–1 CitiGroup 62, 64, 80–1, 113, 127, 151 Clean Membranes 171 Cleantech Group xviii, 43, 45, 158, 164, 191 Cleantech Open 173–4 Clinton Global Initiative 39 Coca-Cola Company, The (TCCC) 178, 181 Colorado xx, 69, 114, 127, 138, 153, 172 Colorado River 15, 77, 109 Colorado State University-Fort Collins 138, 172 Colorado Water Innovation Cluster 171–2 CONAGUA 58 confined aquifer 73 consumer packaged goods (CPG) 32–3 Corporate Water Strategies xiv, xvii, xx, 63, 80, 127, 143, 150 Crapo, Mike 154 Culligan 107 Cyclone Commerce 163 Czech Republic 87–8 Danaher 156 Davis, Geoff 154 Dell 118 Denmark 54–5, 86–8 desalination xi, 33, 44, 48–50, 52, 54, 62–3, 65–7, 77, 104, 107–9, 111, 142, 156, 162–3, 174–6 Desert Research Institute (DRI) 79 Design Ecology 124 Dickerson, John xix, 156 Dow Chemical 140 Draper Fisher Jurvetson 161 Driptech 162, 164 195 Earth Summit 16 EastWest Institute (EWI) 58, 143 eBay 118, 160 Economist, The 49, 63, 108, 112–13 Ecolab 43, 159 Economist Intelligence Unit 185, 191 Egypt 55, 80 Eldar, Dan 50 Elster Metering 97 Emefcy 50, 141–2, 150 Emerald Technology Ventures 161 EUREKA Cluster for water (AQUEAU) 46 European Commission AQUAREC Project 104, 113 European Investment Bank (EIB) 46 European Union (EU) 54, 62 externalities 20, 131, 179, 190–1 Fan, Brian 183 FarmScan AG 94–5 Fidelity Investments 155–6 Field Level Operations Watch (FLOW) 40–1 Finland 87, 117 Fleming, Hubert 177 forward osmosis (FO) 63, 109, 111 FourWinds Capital Management 161 France 1, 3, 87–8 Gasson, Christopher 37, 166 Gates, Bill 160 GE 156, 162, 168 Georgia 95 Germany 46, 75, 88, 95, 126 Ghana 79, 142 Gibler, John 138, 149 Giles, Brent 177 Global Water Forum 192 Global Water Initiative, The 138 Global Water Intelligence (GWI) 23, 37, 54, 161–2 Globescan 17 Goldsmith, Hugh 46 Google Inc 116–17 Graver Technologies 140–1, 170 Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) 79 gray water 29, 68–9, 96, 131–2, 166 Greater Cincinnati Water Works (GCWW) 55 Greece 87–8 Green Grid, The 118 196 Index Green, Jeff 163 green water 68–9 Guggenheim S&P Global Water Index (CGW) 156 Gulf of Mexico 72 Gurría, Angel 91 Haji, Sheeraz xviii, 43, 45, 63, 159 Hart, Stuart L 32–3, 37 Harvard Business School 151–2 Harvard University 37, 89, 171 Harvard Water Security Initiative 171 Hatch Water 177 Hawaii 75 Hazari, Akanksha 39–40 Henriques, Diana B 156, 163 Henston, Doug xviii, 149 Hoover Dam 77 Hult Challenge Hult International Business School 39–40 Hungary 87–8 Hutchison Water Ltd 49–50 Hwang, Rebeca xix, 174, 181 Hydroglobe 140–1 HydroPoint Data Systems 142 Hyflux 53 IBM 118 Iceland 88 IDE Technologies 50 Imagine H2O xiv, xix-xx, 4, 9, 76, 123, 135–7, 141, 159, 163, 170, 173–4, 188 India 17, 21, 28, 40, 50, 55, 89–90, 107, 139–40, 142, 174–5, 178, 181 Indonesia 55 Initiative for Global Environmental Leadership (IGEL) 20 innovation value 21 Innovative Green System Solutions 55 Intel 118 Insituform Technologies 104 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 16, 24 International Energy Agency (IEA) 121, 127 International Finance Corporation (IFC) 86, 112 International Water Summit 54 Invesco Power Shares Water Resources ETF 156 Invest in Israel 48 Investors Circle (IC) 162 Iran 55 Israel 4, 14, 48–50, 60, 63, 94, 108, 161, 175, 187 Israel Cleantech Ventures 161 Italy 87 Itron 97 James Dyson Award 76 Japan 87–8, 90 Jerusalem (ancient) 130, 132 Jordan 130 JP Morgan 22, 25–6, 160 JP Morgan Global Equity Research 24–5, 36 Jury, Bill 154 Kamen, Dean 178 Kansas 123 Kell, George 126 Khanna, Parag 61 Khosla Impact Equity 162 Khosla Ventures 161, 163 Khosla, Vinod 162 Kinrot Technology 50 Kinrot Ventures 49, 161, 188 Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers 161 Kostigen, Tom xii-xiii, xviii, 163 Kvien, Craig 94–5 Libya 80 license to operate 14, 20–1, 27, 29, 32, 129, 166, 177 Linacre, Edward 76 Long, Genevieve 49, 63 Louisiana 123 Lovins, Amory 91 Lucera, Richard 72, 81 Lux Research xx, 63, 135, 177 m.paani 39–40 MacDonald, April A.M 79–81 Malaysia 52 Marmon Water xix Martinez, Angelica 138 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 33, 77, 171 Master Meter 97 McHardy, Lang xix, 145 McGettigan, Mike 144 McGovern, Kevin 143 Mekorot 49 Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) 53, 105 Mendoza, Gómez Palacio Rocío Rebollo 58 www.ebook3000.com Index Menendez, Robert 154 Mexico 17, 55, 57–9, 64, 74, 86–8, 143–4, 178 microfiltration 34, 105, 110 Microsoft 118 Milstein, Mark B 32–3, 37 MIT Center for Clean Water and Clean Energy 171 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd (MHI) 53 Miya 49 Mizia, Hillary xviii, 150 More Aqua Inc (MAI) 77 Morgan Stanley 21–4 Morrison, Jason 1, 24 mw4d 41 nanofiltration 110 Nanyang Technological University 52 negadrop 91, 124–5 negawatt 91, 112, 124 Nalco Holding 43, 159 NanoH20 161–3, 171 National Center for Innovative Drinking Water Treatment Technology (US) 55 National Environmental Services Center 97 National Institute for Water Resources 170 National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center 172 Natural Biological System (NBS) 50 Nebraska 95, 125 Neptune 97 Nestlé 115, 127, 179, 181, 184 Net-O-Filter 140 Netafim 49, 50, 94 Netherlands 88 Nevada 34, 77, 79, 109, 153 NEWater 52, 186 New Mexico 15, 34, 153 New York 14, 17, 40, 78, 92, 126, 132 New Zealand 87–8, 90, 95 Nichols, Shane 138 Nigeria 55 non-point pollution 72–3 Northumbrian Water 159 Norton, Marcus x-xi, xviii, 12 Oak Investment Partners 163 Oasys 161 Ogallala Aquifer 74 Oklahoma 123 Omidyar, Pierre 160 197 Ontario Green Energy Act, 2009 187 Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation 57 Oren, Booky 49 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 26, 86, 88–91, 112 Orr, Stuart xviii, 83, 112 Orrick xix Ortloff, Charles R 131, 133 Ostara 143 Pacific Institute 1, 2, 61 Pakistan 55 Paraguay 178 Pascrell, Jr., Bill 154 Pentair 107 PepsiCo xviii, 60–1 Perkowski, Kacj 59, 64 Perold, André 151–2, 163 Persian Gulf 108 Petra (ancient) 130–1, 133, 153 Philippines Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) 53 Philippines, Republic of the 53, 55, 142 Pike Research 96 Pioneer 94, 112 point-of-drinking (POD) 58, 143 point-of-use (PUD) 58, 63, 106–7, 110–11, 143 Pokorsky, Tom xix, 167–8, 180 Poland 87–8 Portugal 87–8 Poseidon Resources 109 primary treatment 105 Puralytics 142, 150 Qatar 107 Rainwater HOG system 76 Rakow, Augie xix, 148 Recharge Colorado 114 reputation i, x, 11, 13–14, 20–1, 26–7, 29, 43, 165–6, 177 reverse osmosis (RO) 52, 105, 107–11, 161–3 River Network 35, 118–19 Rockefeller Foundation, The 160 Rocky Mountain Institute 91 Rome (ancient) 130–2 Rosenbluth, Todd 156 Russia 17, 55, 175 Rutgers University 140 198 Index S&P Capital IQ 156 San Juan - Chama Project 15 Sanitaire 167 Satterfield, Zane 97 Saudi Arabia 53, 107 Saudi Arabia’s National Water Company 53 Schlumberger Business Consulting 121 Schroeder, John xix, 140–1, 150, 170 Schulte, Peter Schumpeter, Joseph 32, 37 secondary treatment 105 Senoko Energy 53 Sensornet 103 Sensus SA 97, 99–100, 103, 113 Shell Eco-Marathon Siemens 156, 162 Singapore 4, 9, 14, 48, 51–4, 57, 63, 75, 106, 108, 155, 174, 186–7 Singapore Four Taps Strategy 51–2 Singapore International Water Week (SIWW) 53 Singapore PUB Technology and Water Quality Office (TWQO) 52 Singapore Public Utilities Board (PUB) 52–3, 57 Singapore Water Association (SWA) 52 SingSpring SWRO 52 Slingshot 178 Slovak Republic 88 Slow Money 162 Social Venture Network 162 Solix xviii, 149 South Africa 4, 29, 95, 178 South Korea 55, 87–8, 90 Spain 49, 87–8, 95, 107–8, 131 Stamps.com, Inc 163 State of Sustainable Business Poll 179, 181 Stavins, Robert 89–90, 112 Steinitz, Yuval 175 Sterman, David 156, 163 Sterba, Jeff 154 Stockholm Industry Water Award 52, 60–1 Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) 60 Sudan 80 Summit Global xix, 156 Sweden 87–8 Swinburne University of Technology 76 Switzerland 83, 87 Syngenta 94 TaKaDu 43–4, 50, 103, 142, 161 Taylor, R.G 79, 80–1 Tech Stars 173 Texas 77, 123 Third World Centre for Water Management 16 Three Gorges Dam 77 TIGER project 79 Turkey 55, 88 Turner, Deanna “Drai” xviii, UC Berkeley Water Center 171 UK Water Supply (Water Fitting) Regulations of 1999 96 unconfined aquifer 73 ultrafiltration 34, 105, 110 UNESCO 79, 81 UNICEF 41, 78, 139 United Arab Emirates (UAE) 54, 107, 183–4 United Engineers Limited (UEL) 53 United Kingdom (UK) 17, 46, 87–8, 96 United Nations (UN) 16, 44, 29, 79, 126 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 78, 139 United Nations (UN) Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 16 United Nations (UN) Global Compact 2, 126 United Nations (UN) Millennium Development Goals 4, 7, United Nations Water Conference 16 United States (US) x, 4, 13–15, 17–19, 26–7, 34–5, 55, 57, 65, 67–72, 74–5, 78, 91, 96–7, 107–8, 114, 117, 119, 122–4, 138, 142, 153, 155, 157, 175–6, 186, 192 University of California, Berkeley 171 University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) 163, 171 University of Cambridge 40 University of Georgia 94 University of Nebraska 125 University of Oxford 41 university technology transfer office (TTO) 169–70 US Clean Water Act of 1972 167–8 US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 34, 37, 55–6, 95–6, 100, 109, 114, 123, 129, 138–41 US Geological Survey 15, 72 US Green Building Council 76 www.ebook3000.com Index US Safe Water Drinking Act 168 US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) 22, 157 US Sustainable Water Infrastructure Investment Act of 2011 154 US water ownership prior appropriative doctrine 69–71 US water ownership riparian doctrine 69–71 Utah 153 UV treatment 52 Valley Irrigation 95 Vanguard Group 152 variable-rate irrigation (VRI) 94–5 Vaux, Jr., Henry 154 Veolia 156, 162 Verdantix 23–4 Vested IP xix, 145 Vietnam 55 Vitruvius 132 Voltea 142 Wall Street Journal 16, 24 Water Action Hub 3, 7, 193 Water Council, The 138 Water Credit Program 39 Water Footprint Network (WFN) 68–9 Water for People 40 Water Futures Partnership Water Health 142 Water Initiative, The (TWI) 58–9, 143–4 Water Innovation Europe 46 Water Innovation Network (WIN) 172 Water Resources Group (WRG) xv, 9, 27–9, 36, 176, 181, 189 Water supply and sanitation Technology Platform (WssTP) 46 Water Technologies Acceleration Project (WaterTAP) 57 Water Technology Innovation Cluster (WTIC) 55–6 199 Water.org 39–40 WaterAid 71 WaterCura® 58, 143 WaterHub 52 WaterSense 95–6 WaterSmart 44 WeatherTRAK 142 Wharton, University of Pennsylvania 20 Wisconsin 138 World Bank 9, 40, 82 World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) 189 World Economic Forum (WEF) 52, 63, 115, 126–7, 154, 163, 184–5, 191–2 World Economic Forum Global Agenda Council on Water Security 126 World Health Organization (WHO) 9, 24, 41, 59, 139 World Resources Institute 72 World Vision International (WVI) 79 World Water Forum 1, 103, 192 World Water Week 60 World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) International xviii, 83, 189 Wyoming 123, 153 X-Prize Foundation 9, 137 xeriscaping 94 XPV Capital 161, 191 Xuren, Xie 175 Xylem 17–18, 24, 186, 191 Y Combinator 173 Yale University 76 Yangtze River 174 Yellow River 174 Zenon Environmental 168 Zimbabwe 78 Zimmatic 95 This page intentionally left bank www.ebook3000.com ... require a system-based approach and integration of factors such as equity in water availability and affordability.18 Beecher and Shanaghan maintain that sustainable water management requires both appropriate... general)? And (2) are there investments in companies to address water scarcity and access to clean water and sanitation? Investors increasingly care, as reflected in the increase in the number... require innovations in technology, investment, and thinking Sarni and Pechet’s book is a highly readable and invaluable guide helping point the way to a new, sustainable water future for the planet.”