Sex education in vietnam

Topic: Awareness of students in Nguyen Chi Thanh high school about sex education Abstract The paper presents that sexual education in schools is really necessary instead of letting children find out by themselves with unreliable sources There have been many cases out there about sexual transmitted diseases and teenagers still having sexually active no matter that we have taught them or not The fact that, sex education in Vietnam is still a sensitive issue that rarely mentioned Obviously, there are still sex education programs at school, but most are taught sketchily, and so forth they cannot satisfy the students' knowledge demand It draws the attention to the schools, for the reason that the education system will this better than parents, who are not strong enough in sexual knowledge Comprehensive sex education doesn't encourage kids to have sex, the more kids know, the more likely they are to say no This study use survey method to analyze sex education is very needed be in schools The research is of interest to students in Nguyen Chi Thanh high schools, because at that age students have grown up and needed to know more about sex education But the most importantly, they need to know how to avoid unfortunate cases in many situations List of Abbreviation Comprehensive sexuality education: CSE Intrauterine device: IUD Nguyen Chi Thanh: NCT Sexual and reproductive health: SRH Sexually transmitted diseases and infections: STIs United Nations Population Fund: UNFPA List of Charts Chart 1: Number of pupils has heard about sex education before Chart 2: Number of pupils said that sex education was necessary Chart 3: The number of pupils if they have learned about sex education at school Chart 4: The proportion of pupils if they found those sex education courses at school useful Chart 5: Proportion of pupils think sex education should be taught elaborate at high school Table of Contents Topic: Awareness of students in Nguyen Chi Thanh high school about sex education Abstract List of Abbreviation .2 List of Charts Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background of the research 1.2 Problem statement 1.3 Research objectives 1.4 Research methodologies 1.5 Scope and limitation Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Related theories: 2.1.1 Definition: .8 2.1.2 Impacts on human life: 2.1.3 Impacts on students’ life: 10 2.2 Results from previous studies: 11 Chapter 3: Findings and Discussion 13 3.1 Result of the finding: 13 3.2 Discussion and evaluation of the findings: 14 3.3 Solution: .24 3.3.1 Solution from the people surveyed: 24 3.3.2 Solution from the author: 24 Chapter 4: Conclusion and recommendation .25 4.1 Limitation: 25 4.2 Recommendations: .25 4.3 Conclusion: 25 Timelines 27 Reference .28 Appendices 30 Appendices A: 30 Appendices B: 34 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background of the research There's nothing simple to teaching kids about sex, especially in times of precocious pre-teens, pregnancy among teenagers, and sexually transmitted diseases and infections (STIs), children and adolescents need much more than a one-time chat about “the birds and the bees” (Boskey, 2019) “Angus Reid Public Opinion” asked adult respondents to look back to the time when they were teenagers, and describe how useful several sources were in enabling them to learn more about sex and half of Canadians and Americans found their sex education courses at school to be useful (Canseco, 2011) However, some surveys said that more than half of parents not think sex education should be taught to children at school (Daily Mail Reporter, 2011) Meanwhile, only about 33% of high schools in Vietnam have included sex education in curriculum for students (Nguyen, 2012) The aim of the current study was to examine how parents, schools and children countenance sex education programs at schools in Vietnam The study examined the view of students on sex education of Nguyen Chi Thanh (NCT) high schools 1.2 Problem statement For a long time, the issue of sex education in Vietnam is still had its limits Parents are always embarrassed to mention this issue with their children, especially when their children reach puberty Not to mention that parents not have enough knowledge to teach their children The “Tien Phong” newspaper on 2013 has reported that with an average of 300,000 abortions each year, from aged 15-19, of which 60-70% is students from high schools and universities Vietnam is still the country with the highest adolescent abortion rate in Southeast Asia and fifth in the world Hence, sex education at school is really necessary since physiology and sexuality are inevitable, someone must have to guide students in the right direction, instead of letting children have no answer The Internet is one of the place for students to learn about these issues, but not all of them are correct and positive, without a proper orientation, they will fall easily 1.3 Research objectives The aim of the current research was to explore gender education in high schools Schools should not only improve knowledge but also set up life skills for students It is also to study about the lack of gender education in high school There are very few schools nationwide required sex and health education for graduation Furthermore, the most important goal of this research is, strongly support sex education in schools Extracurricular sessions, seminars on love and gender shall be organized regularly and more effectively for children to actively participate, work, learn in a scientific way and improve their ideas “How to build a positive lifestyle for them” Moreover, support gender education in school could help students to aware about STIs and many problems (for example: HIV, AIDS, unwanted pregnancy…) 1.4 Research methodologies The research method of this paper is using questionnaire and face-to-face survey method The questionnaire consists of 15 questions, including many types: closed-ended questions, likert scale questions, opinions questions, checkbox questions and multiple-choice questions In particular, the questionnaire comprises these parts: filter questions formatted as “yes or no”; likert scale questions to get exactly attitudes and opinions of the people surveyed; opinion questions to know students perspective in the wording of their choice; multiple choice and checkbox questions in order to get more student’s aspect The researcher uses this method with the purpose to get information, opinions from students of the NCT high school and how they acknowledge about sex education 1.5 Scope and limitation The research was conducted with the support from pupils of NCT high school, located in Tan Binh District, Ho Chi Minh City The article is limited in time and squarely in one school - to be more precise, in classes - so the value of this research only reflects the state of sex education deficiency in NCT high school Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Related theories: 2.1.1 Definition: Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) is a curriculum-based process of teaching and learning about the cognitive, emotional, physical and social aspects of sexuality It aims to equip children and young people with knowledge, skills, attitudes and values that will empower them to realize their health, well-being and dignity; develop respectful social and sexual relationships; consider how their choices affect their own well-being and that of others; and understand and ensure the protection of their rights throughout their lives (UNESCO, 2018) Sex education is high quality teaching and learning about a broad variety of topics related to sex and sexuality, exploring values and beliefs about those topics and gaining the skills that are needed to navigate relationships and manage one’s own sexual health (Planned Parenthood Federation of America) Burt (as cited in Mare, 2008, p.7) defined sex education as the study of the characteristics of beings: a male and female Such characteristics make up the person's sexuality Sexuality is an important aspect of the life of a human being and almost all people, including children, want to know about it Comprehensive sex education includes all the educational measures which regardless of the particular method used - may center on sex Furthermore sex education stands for protection, presentation extension, improvement and development of the family based on accepted ethical ideas (Hopician) Thus, sex education may also be described as "sexuality education", which means that it encompasses education about all aspects of sexuality, including information about family planning, reproduction (fertilization, conception and development of the embryo and fetus, through to childbirth), plus information about all aspects of one's sexuality including: body image, sexual orientation, sexual pleasure, values, decision making, communication, dating, relationships, sexually (Mare, 2011, p.7) 2.1.2 Impacts on human life: De (2011) concludes that it is important that youngsters should understand what sex is and how it determines their life They must be taught about the difference between a good touch and bad touch at an early age, so that they can prevent the advances made by pedophiles or can at least inform elders about any incident that upsets them Awareness is a key benefit of early sexual education Too many young people receive confusing and conflicting information about relationships and sex, as they make the transition from childhood to adulthood When delivered well, sexual and reproductive health (CSE) responds to this demand, empowering young people to make informed decisions about relationships and sexuality and navigate a world where gender-based violence, gender inequality, early and unintended pregnancies, HIV and other STIs still pose serious risks to their health and well-being Equally, a lack of high-quality, age- and developmentally-appropriate sexuality and relationship education may leave children and young people vulnerable to harmful sexual behaviors and sexual exploitation (UNESCO, 2018) SRH encompasses dimensions of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity Healthy habits, and the understanding of how to maintain good health, begin in early childhood Adolescence is an opportune time to build healthy habits and lifestyles relating to SRH, as it is a period of ongoing physical, emotional and social change, as well as the period when many individuals will start exploring their sexuality and developing relationships with others (UNESCO, 2018) 2.1.3 Impacts on students’ life: Sex education programs often include significant coverage of various types of STIs For many students, this is the first time they go through a thorough review of causes and results of STIs In the same health classes, many sex education teachers also promote anatomy awareness about the biological side of sex so students are more aware of their own bodies Regardless of the overall teaching philosophy, STIs awareness can either help motivate student abstinence through the sheer fear of catching STIs Students that still have sex receive information about taking precautions when engaging in sexual behavior to prevent the transmitted diseases Teen pregnancy is a major concern in high schools and homes across America A correlation often exists between the amount of education and the rate of teen pregnancy (Kokemuller, 2018) Rubin and Kindendall expressed that sex education is not merely the topics of reproduction and teaching how babies are conceived and born Instead, it has a far richer scope and goal of helping children incorporate sex more meaningfully into their present and future life and to provide them with some basic understanding of virtually every aspect of sex by the time they reach full maturity (as cited in Mare, 2008, p.7) A 2010 review found that “gender-focused” curricula – meaning curricula that integrate gender equality into the learning material – were substantially more effective in reducing risky behaviors than programmes that did not consider gender Research has also shown that delay in sexual initiation, use of condoms and practice contraception has been a result of young people adopting egalitarian attitudes about gender roles These individuals were also found to be less likely engaged in violent relationships and have a lower rate of STIs including HIV and unintended pregnancy (UNFPA, 2014) 10 first answer “Use birth control pills” with 10% of students chose this, which was not as high as the “Use condom” answer with 52% It is also noticeable that the percentage of “Use Intrauterine device” higher than “Use birth control pills”, which was 12% It is prove that students know emergency contraceptive pills can have lot of problem to the female, and even daily contraceptive pills can cause lot of symptom for the female body Moreover 10% of student chose “N/A” answer Among those answer, there are plenty of students choosing many answers at the same time Particularly, 12% of students chose answers at the same time, which was 6% of student, chose both “Use birth control pills” and “Use condom”, 4% of students chose “Use condom” and “Use Intrauterine device”, and 2% of student chose “Use Intrauterine device” and “N/A” In addition, 4% of students chose more than answers at the same time, particularly, 2% of student chose all the answers except “N/A” while 2% remaining chose all the answers For the “N/A” answer of question number 12, 4% of students said that they not know of any way, while other percent of students said that students should not have sexual intercourse before 18 Also, 4% of students wrote that it depend on each individual and 2% wrote that There was no safest way, more over using emergency contraceptive pills can cause infertility The 14th question asks what students should if they or their friends unfortunately have sexually transmitted infections The most written answer with 38%, was suggest that students should go to hospital and get doctor’s advises for the disease The second most written answer with 24%, which was recommend that students should immediately contact to parent or relative for assistance, as well as be able to promptly handle and get the best provide guidance while 18% has the answer similarly with both above answer, which suggest that students should immediately contact to parents and go to the hospital for the best treatment 4% of student said 22 that should confess with the homeroom teacher to have the right guidance before everything was too late Moreover, 8% cared about the spirit of the patient more than others while another 2% of students said that the government should provide financial support and also ensure patient morale 2% said that the treatment depends on how serious case of the disease and 4% wrote that they not even know The 15th question asks what students should if the girl have unwanted pregnancy The most written answer with 32% of telling to student’s parents to have the right solutions, among them, 10% of students should be responsible for their actions while 10% of students depending on the solution from the family and relatives What’s more, 10% of students suggest that the female should abortion because they have to continue the learning process in school, among that, 2% of students said that the female should abortion with medication while 8% of students confused between pregnancy and abortion 6% of students suggest that students should confess with the homeroom teacher to have the right guidance, 2% of them said that should not abortion Only 4% said that the female student need to tell the family, if family is eligible, it is best to keep the children because if the girl decide to abortion, the possibility of infertility would increase, so it very difficult to be pregnant again About the male, he should be responsible for what he did, inform the family to get the best advice The problem of sex education about “lacking of sex education in Vietnam” was found out at the question number 3, with only 30% of “students who have not learned about sex education before”, it mean more than a half of students, which was 70%, have learned about it before so it not mean “lacking” in sex education at school However, the qualities of sex education programs at school are not satisfy the curious of students, some of it not even useful for them Moreover, “sexuality education is necessary for children” were exactly with most students 23 agreed with that state while some parent did not care about that Leads to the result that many students did not know what to when they had problem about sexuality disease or unwanted pregnancy … 3.3 Solution: 3.3.1 Solution from the people surveyed: The best solution about sex education in Vietnam from the people surveyed was supported the school to teach CSE, especially more detail than present sex education programs, more practical, not just theories about the human body 3.3.2 Solution from the author: CSE should be taught at school, for example: how to prevent pregnancy, which one is the safest way to prevent pregnancy, when people should have sexual intercourse, how to avoid STIs… Not only taught ways to prevent it, school must also instruct what students should if they unfortunately meet the problem 24 Chapter 4: Conclusion and recommendation 4.1 Limitation: The difficulty when the author implements this research is the time taken for the survey was too short, resulting in insufficient time to classify responses Especially the questions that allow students to choose more than answer were the most time – spending of all the research The other problem was the question number “I think sex education should be taught elaborate at high school” and number “Do you think sex education should be taught in schools? Why?” were mostly similar The question number 12 was not clearly, instead of ask “How many ways to avoid unfortunate problem when have sexual intercourse?” the question should be changed to “How many ways to avoid unfortunate problem when have sexual intercourse and listed it?” However the author has analyzed the questions in a logical manner and still completed the research in time 4.2 Recommendations: Recommendations for the following research paper are the author should start the survey earlier in order to have more time to analyze the responded of people surveyed Another suggests that the checkbox questions should be fewer therefore the author can have more time to examine the responded more carefully 4.3 Conclusion: Generally, the research has examined about sex education at school in Vietnam, in order to find out problems “Sexuality Education is necessary for children” and “Lack of sex education programs at schools” The first problem was discussing successfully with mostly of people surveyed agree with the statement in the questionnaire The second problem was also having good result, however there a lot of different opinions about the qualities of sex education 25 programs at school Moreover, the result also state that female students are care about the standard of those programs more than male students 26 Timelines No Activities Date Location Think and select the title of the topic 06/06/2019 NIIE Write a draft of the topic and fix it 13/06/2019 NIIE Think and select the title of the topic 20/06/2019 NIIE Write the introduction 25/06/2019 NIIE Edit the title 27/06/2019 NIIE Protect the topic 04/07/2019 NIIE Change the title, write the topic and the introduction again 07/07/2019 NIIE Write chapter for the proposal 11/07/2019 NIIE Write the abstract 18/07/2019 NIIE 10 Write the abstract update 25/07/2019 NIIE 11 Write the timeline for the proposal 25/07/2019 NIIE 12 Write chapter 2, write list of abbreviations for the proposal 01/08/2019 NIIE 13 Submit the proposal 08/08/2019 NIIE 14 Write the questionaire 15/08/2019 NIIE 15 Print the questionaire 19/08/2019 Photocopy store 16 Go on survey, write References 15/08/2019 NCT highschool 17 Screening of survey forms 06/09/2019 NIIE 18 Write the chapter update 07/09/2019 Home 19 Write the chapter update and chapter 08/09/2019 Home 20 Write the chapter update 09/09/2019 Home 21 Write the chapter update 10/09/2019 Home 22 Write the chapter update, appendices, reference update 11/09/2019 Home 23 Write the 11/09/2019 Home 24 Write chapter 4, timelines update 11/09/2019 NIIE 25 Submit the final 12/09/2019 NIIE 27 Signature Reference Boskey, E (2019).Top 10 Reasons to Support Sex Education in Schools Retrieved March 31, 2019, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/support-comprehensive-education-schools3133083 Canseco, M (2011) Americans, Britons and Canadians Disagree on Sex Education Retrieved from the Angus Reid Public Opinion website: http://angusreidglobal.com/wpcontent/uploads/2011/11/2011.11.30_SexEd.pdf Daily mail reporter (2011, May 5) Sex education should not be taught in schools, say more than half of parents Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1383930/Sexeducation-taught-schools-say-half-parents.html De, A (2011,July 14) Benefits of Early Sexual Education Retrieved from https://www.onlymyhealth.com/benefits-early-sexual-education-1310535228 Hopician, B (2011) Comprehensive sex education Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/24005960/COMPREHENSIVE_SEX_EDUCATION_WHAT _IS_COMPREHENSIVE_SEX_EDUCATION Kokemuller, N (2018, June 21) Positive Impact of Sex Education Retrieved from https://classroom.synonym.com/positive-impact-sex-education-3959.html Le, T (2013) Ngua thai Hormone – Hieu biet nhu cau va lua chon cua phu nu Retrieved from https://www.tienphong.vn/suc-khoe/viet-nam-co-ty-le-nao-pha-thai-xep-thu-5-the-gioi620787.tpo Mare, J (2011) The ways in which schools are addressing a provision in the Educational Act that allows parents to withdraw their children from the sexuality education parts of 28 health education Retrieve from http://www.educationalleaders.govt.nz/Leadershipdevelopment/Principals-sabbatical-reports/Report-archives-for-2007-2017/Primaryaward-recipients-2011/De-La-Mare-Jeanette Motherway, C (2010) Sex Education: The Effectiveness of Comprehensive-Based Compared to the Effectiveness of Abstinence-Only Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4d39/a1bdbd25952f56586329a0180e794711bce4.pdf Nguyen, T (2012, December 5) Viet Nam nam cac nuoc co ty le pha thai cao nhat the gioi Thanh Nien Retrieved from https://thanhnien.vn Planned Parenthood (2015) Retrieved from https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/foreducators/what-sex-education UNESCO (2018) Why comprehensive sexuality education is important Retrieved from https://en.unesco.org/news/why-comprehensive-sexuality-education-important UNFPA (2014) Operational Guidance for Comprehensive Sexuality Education: A Focus on Human Rights and Gender Retrieved from https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pubpdf/UNFPA%20Operational%20Guidance%20for%20CSE%20-Final%20WEB %20Version.pdf 29 Appendices Appendices A: Họ tên: Email: Độ tuổi: Sđt: Giới tính: Nam/Nữ Fb: Câu hỏi Bạn nghe qua chương trình Giáo dục giới tính chưa?  Rồi  Chưa Bạn có nghĩ Giáo dục giới tính cần thiết khơng?  Có  Khơng Bạn có học Giáo dục giới tính trường khơng?  Rồi  Chưa Bạn cảm thấy khóa học có ích khơng?  Có 30  Khơng Bạn đánh giá chương trình Giáo dục giới tính trường nào?      Rất tốt Tốt Bình thường Tệ Rất tệ Mình nghĩ Giáo dục giới tính nên dạy kỹ cấp     Hoàn toàn đồng  Hồn tồn khơng Đồng ý Khơng ý kiến Khơng đồng ý ý đồng ý Giáo dục giới tính “vẽ đường cho hươu chạy”     Đồng ý Khơng ý kiến Khơng đồng ý Hồn tồn đồng  Hồn tồn khơng ý đồng ý 8.Hệ thống giáo dục Việt Nam chưa sẵn sàng cho giáo dục giới tính     Đồng ý Khơng ý kiến Khơng đồng ý Hồn tồn đồng  Hồn tồn khơng ý đồng ý Bạn có nghĩ Giáo dục giới tính nên dạy trường học khơng? Vì sao? 10.Tại nhà trường phụ huynh không trọng vào việc Giáo dục giới tính? (chọn nhiều đáp án được)  Vì ngại 31  Vì học sinh tự tìm hiểu  Vì khơng đủ chun mơn  Vì mơn học khác quan trọng  Khác: 11 Bạn tự tìm hiểu Giáo dục giới tính nhờ vào đâu?  Mạng xã hội  Bạn bè  Gia đình  Khác: 12 Có cách tránh vấn đề không may quan hệ tình dục?  cách  cách  cách  Khác: 13 Cách sau an tồn quan hệ tình dục?  Dùng thuốc  Dùng bao  Đặt vòng 32  Khác: 14 Bạn nghĩ học sinh nên làm khơng may mắc bệnh lây qua đường sinh dục? 15 Bạn nghĩ học sinh nên làm bạn nữ khơng may có thai? Mọi thông tin bạn bảo mật dùng với mục đích đảm bảo tính xác thực khảo sát Cảm ơn bạn giúp thực khảo sát 33 Appendices B: Full name: Email: Age: Phone number: Gender: Male/Female Facebook: Questions Have you ever heard about sex education program?  Yes  No Do you think sex education is necessary?  Yes  No Have you ever learned about sex education at school?  Yes  No Do you find those courses useful?  Yes  No How would you rate the sex education program in school?      Excellent Good Fair Bad Very bad I think sex education should be taught elaborate at high school 34  Strongly Agree    Agree Undecided Disagree  Strongly disagree Sex education is just connives and condone for children  Strongly Agree    Agree Undecided Disagree  Strongly disagree The education system in Vietnam is not ready for sex education  Strongly Agree    Agree Undecided Disagree  Strongly disagree Do you think sex education should be taught in schools? Why? 10 Why schools and parents not concentrate in sex education? (Can choose more than one answer)  Because embarrassment  Because students will find out for themselves  Because schools and parents not having enough expertise  Because other subjects are more important  N/A: 11 Where did you find out about sex education?  Social network  Friends 35  Family  N/A: 12 How many ways to avoid unfortunate problem when have sexual intercourse?  way  ways  ways  N/A: 13 Which of the following is the safest way when having sex?  Use birth control pills  Use condom  Use Intrauterine device  N/A: 14 What you think students should if they unfortunately have sexually transmitted infections? 15 What you think students should when the girl have unwanted pregnancy? All information will be kept confidential and used to ensure the authenticity of this survey Thank you for support me with this survey 36 ... time to examine the responded more carefully 4.3 Conclusion: Generally, the research has examined about sex education at school in Vietnam, in order to find out problems “Sexuality Education is... schools in Vietnam The study examined the view of students on sex education of Nguyen Chi Thanh (NCT) high schools 1.2 Problem statement For a long time, the issue of sex education in Vietnam. .. (UNESCO, 2018) Sex education is high quality teaching and learning about a broad variety of topics related to sex and sexuality, exploring values and beliefs about those topics and gaining the skills