www.TechnicalPdf.com Understanding DC Circuits www.TechnicalPdf.com This page intentionally left blank www.TechnicalPdf.com Understanding DC Circuits Dale R Patrick Stephen W Fardo Boston Oxford Auckland Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi www.TechnicalPdf.com Newnes is an imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann Copyright © 2000 by Butterworth-Heinemann -& A member of the Reed Elsevier group All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher @ Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Butterworth-Heinemann prints ~ its books on acid-free paper whenever possible GLmAi Butterworth-Heinemann supports the efforts of American Forests and the Global ReLeaf ~ program in its campaign for the betterment of trees, forests, and our environment Library of CongressCataloging-in-Publication Data Patrick, Dale R Understanding DC Circuits / by Dale R Patrick and Stephen W Fardo p cm Includes index (alk pbk.) ISBN 0-7506-7110-6 Electric circuits-Direct current I Fardo, Stephen W II Title TK7816.F295 1999 621.319'12-dc21 99-16983 CIP British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders of this book For information, please contact: Manager of Special Sales Butterworth-Heinemann 225 Wildwood Avenue Woburn, MA 01801-2041 Tel: 781-904-2500 Fax: 781-904-2620 For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications available, contact our World Wide Web home page at: http://www.newnespress.com www.TechnicalPdf.com Contents XI PREFACE UNIT ONE COURSE OBJECTIVES XIII PARTS LIST FOR EXPERIMENTS XV BASICS OF DC ELECTRONICS Electronic Systems 1 Energy, Work, and Power Structure of Matter Unit Introduction Unit Objectives Important Terms Self-Examination 11 Electrostatic Charges 12 Static Electricity 13 Self-Exam ination 13 Electric Current 14 Conductors 15 Insulators 15 Semiconductors 15 Current Flow 16 Electric Force (Voltage) 18 Resistance 19 Voltage, Current, and Resistance 20 Volts, Ohms, and Amperes 21 Self-Exam ination 22 Contents www.TechnicalPdf.com V UNIT TWO Components, Symbols, and Diagrams 23 Resistors 25 Schematics 28 Block Diagrams 29 Wiring Diagrams 29 Self-Examination 29 Electric Units 31 Scientific Notation 34 Self-Examination 35 Batteries 36 Self-Examination 40 Experimental Activities for DC Circuits 41 Tools and Equipment 42 Important Information 42 Lab Activity Troubleshooting and Testing 42 Experiment 1-1-Components, Equipment, and Symbols 48 Experiment 1-2-Resistor Color Code 53 Unit Examination: Basics of DC Electronics 56 MEASURING VOLTAGE, CURRENT, AND RESISTANCE Measuring Resistance 59 59 60 60 Self-Examination 64 Measuring Voltage Measuring Current 65 67 Self-Examination 70 Parallel Circuit Measurements 72 Combination Circuit Measurements 72 Digital Meters 73 Self-Examination 74 Experiment 2-1-Measuring Resistance 76 Experiment 2-2-Measuring Voltage Experiment 2-3-Measuring Current 80 85 Experiment 2-4-Familiarization with Power Supply 89 Unit Examination: Measuring Voltage, Current, and Resistance 91 Unit Introduction Unit Objectives Important Terms VI Understanding DC Circuits www.TechnicalPdf.com UNITTHREE OHMIS LAW AND ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Unit Introduction 93 Unit Objectives 93 Important Terms 94 Use of Calculators 95 Ohm's Law 96 Self-Examination 98 Series Electric Circuits 99 Summary of Series Circuits 101 Examples of Series Circuits 101 Self-Examination 102 Parallel Electric Circuits 104 Summary of Parallel Circuits 106 Examples of Parallel Circuits 107 Self-Examination 109 Combination Electrical Circuits 110 Examples of Combination Circuits 111 Kirchhoff's Laws 113 Self-Examination 114 Power in Electric Circuits 115 Voltage Divider Circuits 117 Self-Examination 120 Maximum Power Transfer 121 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law Problems 122 Equivalent Circuits 125 Self-Examination 130 Experiment 3-1-Application of Ohm's Law 134 Experiment 3-2-Series DC Circuits 137 Experiment 3-3-Parallel DC Circuits 140 Experiment 3-4-Combination DC Circuits 143 Experiment 3-5-Power in DC Circuits 147 Experiment 3-6-Voltage Divider Circuits 150 Experiment 3-7-Kirchhoff 's Voltage Law 153 Experiment 3-8-Kirchhoff 's Current Law 155 Experiment 3-9-Superposition Method 157 Experiment 3-10-Thevinin Equivalent Circuits 159 Experiment 3-11-Norton Equivalent Circuits 162 Experiment 3-12-Maximum Power Transfer 164 Experiment 3-13-Bridge Circuits 166 Unit Examination: Ohm's Law and Electric Circuits 169 Contents www.TechnicalPdf.com VII UNIT FOUR UNIT FIVE UNIT SIX VIII MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM Unit Introduction 173 Unit Objectives 173 Important Terms 174 Permanent Magnets 175 Magnetic Field Around Conductors 177 Magnetic Field Around a Coil 178 Self-Examination 179 Electromagnets 179 Ohm's Law for Magnetic Circuits 181 Domain Theory of Magnetism 181 Electricity Produced by Magnetism 182 Magnetic Effects 184 Self-Examination 185 Experiment 4-1-The Nature of Magnetism 186 Experiment 4-2-Electromagnetic Relays 188 Unit Examination: Magnetism and Electromagnetism 190 ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS Unit Introduction 193 Unit Objectives 193 Important Terms 194 Analog Instruments 195 Self-Examination 199 Comparison Instruments 206 CRT Instruments 206 Numerical Readout Instruments 208 Chart-Recording Instruments Self-Examination 208 209 Unit Examination: Electronic Instruments 210 INDUCTANCE AND CAPACITANCE Unit Introduction 213 Unit Objectives 213 Important Terms 214 Inductance 215 Capacitance 215 Time-Constant Circuits 221 Self-Examination 224 Experiment 6-1-Time-Constant Circuits 228 Unit Examination: Inductance and Capacitance 232 Understanding DC Circuits www.TechnicalPdf.com APPENDIX A ELECTRONICS SYMBOLS 235 APPENDIX B ELECTRIC SAFETY 239 APPENDIX C ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT AND PARTS SALES 243 APPENDIX D SOLDERING TECHNIQUES 245 APPENDIX E TROUBLESHOOTING 247 251 INDEX Contents www.TechnicalPdf.com IX ... Data Patrick, Dale R Understanding DC Circuits / by Dale R Patrick and Stephen W Fardo p cm Includes index (alk pbk.) ISBN 0-7506-7110-6 Electric circuits- Direct current I Fardo, Stephen W II.. .Understanding DC Circuits www.TechnicalPdf.com This page intentionally left blank www.TechnicalPdf.com Understanding DC Circuits Dale R Patrick Stephen W Fardo Boston Oxford Auckland Johannesburg... and interesting field of study This book provides a foundation for understanding electronics technology Dale R Patrick Stephen W Fardo Richmond, Kentucky Understanding DC Circuits www.TechnicalPdf.com