RH CE Re d H a t Ce r t ifie d En gin e e r Lin u x St u dy Gu ide ( Ex a m RH ) , Fift h Edit ion byMichael Jang McGraw- Hill/ Osborne 2007 (896 pages) ISBN:9780072264548 Wit h hundreds of pract ice quest ions and hands- on exercises, t his aut horit at ive guide covers what you need t o know- - and shows you how t o prepare- - for t he challenging RHCE exam ( RH302) Ta ble of Con t e n t s RHCE Red Hat Cert ified Engineer Linux St udy Guide ( Exam RH302) , Fift h Edit ion Preface I nt roduct ion Chapt er - RHCE Prerequisit es Chapt er - Hardware and I nst allat ion Chapt er - The Boot Process Chapt er - Linux Filesyst em Adm inist rat ion Chapt er - Package Managem ent Chapt er - User Adm inist rat ion Chapt er - Syst em Adm inist rat ion Tools Chapt er - Kernel Services and Configurat ion Chapt er - Apache and Squid Chapt er 10 - Net work File- Sharing Services Chapt er 11 - Dom ain Nam e Service Chapt er 12 - Elect ronic Mail Chapt er 13 - Ot her Net working Services Chapt er 14 - The X Window Syst em Chapt er 15 - Securing Services Chapt er 16 - Troubleshoot ing Appendix A - Sam ple Exam Appendix B - Sam ple Exam Glossar y I ndex List of Figures List of Tables List of Exercises List of Exam Det ails Ba ck Cove r The Best Fully I nt egrat ed St udy Syst em Available Wit h hundreds of pract ice quest ions and hands- on exercises, RHCE Red Hat Cert ified Engineer Linux St udy Guide, Fift h Edit ion covers what you need t o know- - and shows you how t o prepare- - for t his challenging exam 100% com plet e coverage of all obj ect ives for exam RH302 Exam Readiness Checklist at t he front of t he book- - you're ready for t he exam when all obj ect ives on t he list are checked off I nside t he Exam sect ions in every chapt er highlight key exam t opics covered Real- world exercises m odeled aft er hands- on exam scenarios Two com plet e lab- based exam s sim ulat e t he form at , t one, t opics, and difficult y of t he real exam Covers all RH302 exam t opics, including: Hardware inst allat ion and configurat ion The boot process Linux filesyst em adm inist rat ion Package m anagem ent and Kickst art User and group adm inist rat ion Syst em adm inist rat ion t ools Kernel services and configurat ion Apache and Squid Net work file sharing services ( NFS, FTP, and Sam ba) Dom ain Nam e Syst em ( DNS) E- m ail ( servers and client s) Ext ended I nt ernet Services Daem on ( xinet d) , t he Secure package, and DHCP The X Window Syst em Firewalls, SELinux, and t roubleshoot ing Abou t t h e Au t h or Michael Jang ( RHCE, LPI C- 1, LCP, Linux+ , MCP) is current ly a full- t im e writ er, specializing in operat ing syst em s and net works His experience wit h com put ers goes back t o t he days of j um bled punch cards He has writ t en ot her books on Linux cert ificat ion, including Linux+ Exam Cram and Sair GNU/ Linux I nst allat ion and Configurat ion Exam Cram His ot her Linux books include Linux Annoyances for Geeks, Linux Pat ch Managem ent, and Mast ering Fedora Core Linux He has also writ t en or cont ribut ed t o books on Microsoft operat ing syst em s, including MCSE Guide t o Microsoft Windows 98 and Mast ering Windows XP Professional, Second Edit ion RHCE Red Hat Certified Engineer Linux Study Guide (Exam RH302), Fifth Edition Michael Jang New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Mexico City, Milan, New Delhi, San Juan, Seoul, Singapore, Sydney Toronto McGraw-Hill is an independent entity from Red Hat, Inc., and is not affiliated with Red Hat, Inc., in any manner This publication may be used in assisting students to prepare for a Red Hat Certified Engineer Exam or a Red Hat Certified Technician Exam Neither Red Hat, Inc., nor McGraw-Hill warrant that use of this publication will ensure passing the relevant exam Red Hat®, Red Hat® Linux®, Red Hat® Enterprise Linux ®, RHCE, and RHCT™ are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Red Hat, Inc in the United States and/or other countries This publication is not intended to be a substitute for the Red Hat RHCE prep course, RH300 Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file with the Library of Congress McGraw-Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs For more information, please write to the Director of Special Sales, Professional Publishing, McGraw-Hill, Two Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121-2298 Or contact your local bookstore Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of publisher, with the exception that the program listings may be entered, stored, and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication 1234567890 CUS CUS 01987 ISBN-13: 978-0-07-226454-8 ISBN-10: 0-07-226454-3 Sponsoring Editor Timothy Green Editorial Supervisor Janet Walden Project Editor LeeAnn Pickrell Acquisitions Coordinator Jennifer Housh Technical Editor Elizabeth Zinkann Copy Editor Lisa Theobald Proofreader Paul Tyler Indexer Rebecca Plunket Production Supervisor Jim Kussow Composition Apollo Publishing Services Illustration Apollo Publishing Services Art Director, Cover Jeff Weeks Cover Designer Pattie Lee Information has been obtained by McGraw-Hill from sources believed to be reliable However, because of the possibility of human or mechanical error by our sources, McGraw-Hill, or others, McGraw-Hill does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information and is not responsible for any errors or omissions or the results obtained from the use of such information For the young widows and widowers, may they find the courage to face their fears, to navigate their way through the pain, and to find hope for a brighter future About the Contributors Author Michael Jang (RHCE, LPIC-1, LCP, Linux+, MCP) is currently a full-time writer, specializing in operating systems and networks His experience with computers goes back to the days of jumbled punch cards He has written other books on Linux certification, including Linux+ Exam Cram and Sair GNU/Linux Installation and Configuration Exam Cram His other Linux books include Linux Annoyances for Geeks, Linux Patch Management, and Mastering Fedora Core Linux He has also written or contributed to books on Microsoft operating systems, including MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows 98 and Mastering Windows XP Professional, Second Edition Technical Editor Elizabeth Zinkann is a logical Linux catalyst, a freelance technical editor, and an independent computer consultant She was a contributing editor and review columnist for Sys Admin Magazine for ten years As an editor, some of her projects have included Mastering Fedora Core Linux 5, Ending Spam, Linux Patch Management, and Write Portable Code In a former life, she also programmed communications features, including ISDN at AT&T Network Systems Acknowledgments I personally would like to thank the following people: Nancy E Cropley, R.N (d 2002) It's now been over five years since you've left this world, but I continue to hold your spirit in my heart, and I hope you can still see the joy of the world through my eyes You are my hero, even today I hope you can see how happy I am with Donna, but I wish I could still be with you I will always miss you As a political activist, you fought for what you believed in: social justice, peace, and universal healthcare You were never afraid to go to jail to support your beliefs Your example is helping me find a backbone for life As a nurse for the homeless, you helped so many who are less fortunate You worked tirelessly in the clinics, in the shelters, and on the streets Your efforts eased the pain of so many people And you saved lives As an Internet entrepreneur, you showed me how to be happy pursuing a life working from home You made it possible for me to have the freedom to be, instead of getting stuck in the corporate world Nancy, you were my partner, my lover, my soul mate You helped me find joy in this world I take your lessons with me I thank you for the best seven years of my life All the incredibly hard-working folks at McGraw-Hill: Tim Green, Jennifer Housh, LeeAnn Pickrell, Lisa Theobald, Paul Tyler, and Rebecca Plunket for their help in launching a great series and being solid team players Preface Overview Linux is thriving Red Hat is at the forefront of the Linux revolution And Red Hat Certified Engineers and Technicians are making it happen Even in the current economic recovery, business, education, and governments are cost conscious They want control of their operating systems Linux-even Red Hat Enterprise Linux-saves money The open source nature of Linux allows users to control and customize their operating systems While there is a price associated with Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), the cost includes updates and support Now with Xen, it's possible to set up a cluster of virtual, independent installations of RHEL (and other operating systems) on a single physical computer As I describe shortly, there are freely available "rebuilds" of RHEL that you can get without support from Red Hat, with features identical for most administrators On the Job A "rebuild" is software that is built by a third party from the same source code as the original "build." On the other hand, a "clone" is built from different source code As this book is going to print, the New York Stock Exchange has just announced that it's moving to Linux Major corporations, from Home Depot to Toyota, and governments such as Brazil, the Republic of Korea, and Switzerland have made the switch to Linux When faced with a Microsoft audit for licenses, the Portland, Oregon, school system switched to Linux Major movie studios such as Disney and Dreamworks use Linux to create the latest motion pictures IBM has invested billions in Linux -and constantly features Linux in its advertising HP has reported 2.5 billion dollars in Linux-related revenue in 2003, and it's still growing today (2007) Even though Linux is freely downloadable, Wall Street Technology just reported that Linux server revenue in 2006 was about billion dollars, 1/3rd that of Microsoft (up from 1/4th in 2004), and is still gaining market share Is Microsoft Vista motivating business to look more closely at Linux? With the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) initiative, a streamlined version of Fedora Core will be placed in front of tens (or possibly hundreds) of millions of students worldwide These students will learn Linux first And Red Hat Enterprise Linux is based on Fedora Core Security is another reason to move toward Linux The U.S National Security Agency has developed its own version of the Linux kernel to provide context-based security; RHEL has incorporated many of these improvements While there are Linux distributions available from a number of companies, Red Hat is far and away the market leader Novell's acquisition of SUSE hasn't made a dent Based on 2006 sales, Red Hat has apparently shrugged off the challenge of Oracle Linux (which is another "rebuild" of Red Hat Enterprise Linux) Incidentally, the RHCE was named #1 in CertCities.com's list of hottest certifications for 2006 Therefore, the RHCE provides the most credibility to you as a Linux professional The RHCT and RHCE exams are difficult Available historical data suggests that less than 50 percent of firsttime candidates pass the RHCE exam But not be intimidated While there are no guarantees, this book can help you prepare for and pass the Red Hat Certified Technician and Red Hat Certified Engineer exams And these same skills can help you in your career as a Linux administrator Just remember, this book is not intended to be a substitute for Red Hat prep courses that I describe shortly To study for this exam, you should have a network of at least two Linux or Unix computers (It's acceptable if these computers are on virtual machines such as VMware or Xen.) You need to install RHEL on at least one of these computers That will allow you to configure Linux and test the results After configuring a service, especially a network service, it's important to be able to check your work from another computer Getting Red Hat Enterprise Linux The Red Hat exams are based on your knowledge of Red Hat Enterprise Linux When you take the RHCE exam, it'll be on a "standard" PC with Intel 32-bit (or compatible) personal computers The CPU should have a speed of at least 700MHz, and the PC should have at least 256MB of RAM As Red Hat Network updates are not explicitly listed as a requirement in the Red Hat Exam Prep guide, a "trial" subscription or a rebuild distribution is probably sufficient If you want a full subscription, which can help you test features associated with the Red Hat Network, the price depends on your hardware and the amount of support you need I've emphasized Red Hat solely to focus on distributions that use Red Hat source code, including the "rebuilds" described in this section (and more) With Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, Red Hat has modified its offerings into two categories: RHEL Server includes varying levels of support for entry-level to high-end and mission-critical systems The RHEL Server Advanced Platform supports unlimited virtualized guests, virtualized storage, highavailability clustering and failover, with support for more than two CPUs RHEL Server subscriptions are available for IBM System Z mainframe systems on a per-processor basis RHEL Server subscriptions are also available for High Performance Computing clusters RHEL Desktop includes varying levels of support suitable for desktop computers and workstations There are different options available for systems with one or more CPUs If you want to prepare for the RHCE exam with the official RHEL server operating system, trial subscriptions are available (www.redhat.com/en_us/USA/home/developer/trial/) While they only support updates for 30 days, updates can also be tested using the mirror repositories associated with rebuild distributions And you can download the same operating system (for the trial period) from the same sources as paying Red Hat users But you don't have to pay for the operating system or settle for a "trial subscription" to prepare for the RHCE exam There are a wide variety of efforts to create "rebuilds" of Red Hat Enterprise Linux The source code for almost all RHEL RPM packages is released under the Linux General Public License (GPL) or related licenses This gives anyone the right to build Red Hat Enterprise Linux from the Red Hat released source code The source code is released in Source RPM package format, which means the RPM packages can be built using the rpm commands described in Chapter The developers behind rebuild distributions have all revised the source code to remove Red Hat trademarks Most, like CentOS-5, are freely available; others, like Oracle Linux, require a subscription On the Job Oracle Linux has tried to undercut Red Hat by developing their own rebuild of Red Hat Enterprise Linux Their subscriptions cost less at what I presume are similar support levels As I have not tried Oracle Linux, I not know if you get the same level of knowledge that you would get from Red Hat engineers You can select and download the rebuild that most closely meets your needs I have tried several of the rebuilds, including those developed by Community Enterprise Linux (CentOS), Scientific Linux, and Lineox All have proven reliable In fact, they are so popular, some suggest that it has led to the demise of the Fedora Legacy project, which supported older versions of Fedora Core until December of 2006 The rebuilds of RHEL are freely available; however, you should have a high-speed Internet connection While these rebuilds not use 100 percent RHEL software, I have not seen any difference that would impair your ability to study for the Red Hat exams Community Enterprise Linux The Community Enterprise Operating System (CentOS) rebuild developed by the group at www.centos.org appears solid to me This group probably has the largest community (or at least gets the most publicity) among the rebuilds Scientific Linux Formerly known as Fermi Linux, it includes a lot of intellectual firepower associated with the Fermi National Accelerator Lab as well as CERN, the lab associated with Tim Berners-Lee, the person most commonly credited with the invention of the World Wide Web Lineox Lineox is based in Finland and offers priority updates for a fee It may be especially interesting for people in the European Union, as their prices are in Euros You can find out more about Lineox at www.lineox.net Alternatively, you can work from RHEL Desktop, if you're willing to install additional services from the source code For more information on installing packages from source code, see Chapters 1, 5, and Using the techniques described in Chapter 5, you can download the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Source RPMs at ftp.redhat.com, process them into binary RPMs, and then install them on your computer For the RHCE exams based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, you can probably also work from Fedora Core 6, as RHEL is based on this Red Hat community distribution In This Book The Red Hat RHCT and RHCE exams are designed to test candidate qualifications as Linux systems technicians and engineers If you pass either of these exams, it's not because you've memorized a canned set of answers-it's because you have a set of Linux administrative skills and know how to use them under pressure, whether it be during an exam or in a real-world situation While this book is organized to serve as an in-depth review for the RHCT and RHCE exams for both experienced Linux and Unix professionals, it is not intended as a substitute for Red Hat courses, or more importantly, real-world experience Nevertheless, each chapter covers a major aspect of the exam, with an emphasis on the "why" as well as the "how to" of working with and supporting RHEL as a systems administrator or engineer As the actual RHCT and RHCE Exam Prep guide (www.redhat.com/rhce/examprep.html) changes with every release of RHEL (and even sometimes between releases), refer to the noted URL for the latest information (Throughout the book, I often refer to the RHCT and RHCE Exam Prep guide as the Red Hat Exam Prep guide, even though there are Red Hat exams for certifications other than the RHCT and RHCE.) Red Hat says it's important to have real-world experience to pass their exams, and they're right! However, for the RHCT and RHCE exams, they focus on a specific set of Linux administrative skills, as depicted in the Red Hat Exam Prep guide This book is intended to help you take advantage of the skills you already haveand more importantly, brush up in those areas where you may have a bit less experience This book includes relevant information from Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL 5) There are significant changes from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4; As of this writing, Red Hat even offers a course detailing the differences (RHUP 304 and RHUP 305) Several key differences between RHEL and RHEL include: A new hardware detection model The udev system readily supports automatic mounting and configuration of a wide variety of devices Multicore support Fundamental to effective virtualization, multicore CPUs can help multiple operating systems run simultaneously on the same physical system Red Hat includes Xen in RHEL to take advantage of the latest multicore CPUs Logical Volume Management (LVM), version 2, which supports smoother resizing of filesystems Software RAID now supports more modes, including RAID The associated tool is more flexible NFS supports "stateless" network and loopback images yum replaces Up2Date for repository and package management as well as updates The Network Manager incorporates improvements in wireless networking and more, which eases administration on the desktop SELinux is now easier to use and administer The descriptions in the Security Level Configuration tool are improved, and sealert -b browser can help you diagnose many SELinux-related issues There are many more key features; those that I believe are relevant to the RHCT and RHCE exams, as defined by the publicly available course outlines and the Exam Prep guide, are also included in this book While it's a risky practice in service, it is fastest to administer RHEL during the exam by logging into the root user account The command prompt and PATH assume use of that account When you're logged into the root Figure 8-10: The GUI LVM tool Figure 8-11: Creating a new volume group Figure 8-12: Creating a new logical volume Figure 8-13: Removing a logical volume Figure 8-14: Adding a physical volume Chapter 9: Apache and Squid Figure 9-1: The default Apache Web page Figure 9-2: Apache configuration files Figure 9-3: A password-protected Web site Figure 9-4: Customized Apache logs Figure 9-5: The Apache configuration tool, Main tab Chapter 10: Network File-Sharing Services Figure 10-1: NFS Server Configuration Figure 10-2: The Add NFS Share window Figure 10-3: Samba Server Configuration utility Figure 10-4: List of shared directories and printers from a remote PDC Figure 10-5: Browsing remote shared directories Figure 10-6: Using Startup Programs to connect to a shared Samba directory Figure 10-7: Samba Server basic settings Figure 10-8: Samba Server security settings Figure 10-9: Basic components of Create Samba Share Figure 10-10: Current Samba users Figure 10-11: Creating a New Samba User Figure 10-12: Testing smb.conf syntax Chapter 11: Domain Name Service Figure 11-1: /etc/named caching-nameserver.conf Figure 11-2: The root DNS servers are stored in named.ca Figure 11-3: The localhost.zone DNS datafile Figure 11-4: The named.local reverse DNS file Figure 11-5: An example.org zone file Figure 11-6: A reverse DNS zone file Figure 11-7: Listing a working DNS zone Figure 11-8: DNS query using dig Chapter 12: Electronic Mail Figure 12-1: system-switch-mail Chapter 13: Other Networking Services Figure 13-1: A public key Figure 13-2: Generating encryption keys Figure 13-3: It's easy to decipher a clear text password Figure 13-4: Active network interfaces MULTICAST Figure 13-5: Sample DHCP configuration file Figure 13-6: Configuring your network card Figure 13-7: Configuring the Network Time Protocol Chapter 14: The X Window System Figure 14-1: Running X Window clients from remote or local computers Figure 14-2: Set your preferred display manager in /etc/X11/prefdm Figure 14-3: The GNOME Display Manager, gdm Figure 14-4: The KDE Display Manager, kdm Figure 14-5: The startx script Figure 14-6: A GUI as custom configured through ~/.xinitrc Figure 14-7: The Display Settings tool, started from the text console Figure 14-8: Display settings Figure 14-9: Selecting a graphics card Figure 14-10: Selecting a monitor Figure 14-11: The GNOME desktop Figure 14-12: The KDE desktop Chapter 15: Securing Services Figure 15-1: The Security Level Configuration tool Figure 15-2: Customizing using the Red Hat Security Level Configuration tool Figure 15-3: ls -Z output Figure 15-4: SELinux Management Tool Figure 15-5: SELinux Boolean options Figure 15-6: SELinux Management File Labeling Figure 15-7: SELinux Setroubleshoot Browser Chapter 16: Troubleshooting Figure 16-1: One possible error message Figure 16-2: A second possible error message Figure 16-3: Booting into linux rescue mode Figure 16-4: Networking interface options in linux rescue mode Figure 16-5: Networking interface configuration in linux rescue mode Figure 16-6: The linux rescue environment options Figure 16-7: The linux rescue environment has found your root directory (/) Figure 16-8: Labels, filesystems, and partitions Figure 16-9: The dumpe2fs command provides a lot of information List of Tables Introduction Table 1: Red Hat RHCT/RHCE Related Courses Table 2: Coverage of Red Hat Exam Prep Guide Requirements Chapter 1: RHCE Prerequisites Table 1-1: Basic Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Directories Table 1-2: Media Devices Table 1-3: Important fdisk Options Table 1-4: Wildcards in the Shell Table 1-5: Linux Print Commands Table 1-6: Description of File Permissions Table 1-7: IP Address Classes Table 1-8: Standard lftp Client Commands Chapter 2: Hardware and Installation Table 2-1: Result When You Partition Automatically Table 2-2: Example Partition Configuration for a Linux File Server Table 2-3: Installation Virtual Console Commands and Functions Table 2-4: /tmp Directory Configuration Files During the Installation Process Table 2-5: Custom Installation as a Workstation (No Other OS), 1.2 GHz Pentium, 20GB Single Disk, 256MB of Memory Table 2-6: Custom Installation as a Server, GHz Pentium, 10GB Single Disk, 256MB RAM Table 2-7: Custom Installation as a Server (No Other OS), 2.4 GHz Pentium II, 25GB Single Disk, 512MB RAM Chapter 3: The Boot Process Table 3-1: GRUB Editing Commands Table 3-2: Red Hat Runlevels Table 3-3: Key Non-network /etc/sysconfig Files Chapter 4: Linux Filesystem Administration Table 4-1: Some Linux Standard Filesystem Types Table 4-2: Journaling Filesystems Table 4-3: File Attributes Table 4-4: Description of /etc/fstab by Column, Left to Right Table 4-5: /etc/fstab Mount Options Chapter 5: Package Management Table 5-1: rpm query Options Table 5-2: rpm verify Codes Table 5-3: Build Directories from RPM Sources Table 5-4: Build Directories for Source RPM Files Chapter 6: User Administration Table 6-1: The Anatomy of /etc/passwd Table 6-2: The Anatomy of /etc/group Table 6-3: useradd Command Options Table 6-4: The Anatomy of /etc/shadow Table 6-5: Default Home Directory Files from /etc/skel Table 6-6: PAM Control Flags Table 6-7: Switches for the pam_listfile.so Module Table 6-8: Some /etc/ldap.conf Parameters Chapter 7: System Administration Tools Table 7-1: /etc/sysconfig/network Variables Table 7-2: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts Files Table 7-3: Other Network Configuration Commands Table 7-4: ifconfig Switches Table 7-5: The netstat Flag Indicates the Route Table 7-6: CUPS Configuration Files Table 7-7: Entries Associated with Different Printer Devices Table 7-8: Entries Associated with Different Printer Devices Table 7-9: Entries in a crontab Command Line Table 7-10: Examples of the at Command Table 7-11: Standard Red Hat Log Files Chapter 8: Kernel Services and Configuration Table 8-1: Available Red Hat Enterprise Linux Kernels (and Related Packages) Table 8-2: Kernel Configuration RPMs Table 8-3: Available Physical Volume Management Commands Table 8-4: Available Volume Group Commands Table 8-5: Available Logical Volume Commands Chapter 9: Apache and Squid Table 9-1: Global Environment Directives Table 9-2: Main Server Configuration Directives Table 9-3: Virtual Host Configuration Directives Chapter 10: Network File-Sharing Services Table 10-1: NFS Tool General Options Table 10-2: NFS Tool User Access Options Table 10-3: Some vsFTP Server Configuration Commands Table 10-4: Various smbpasswd Commands Chapter 11: Domain Name Service Table 11-1: DNS Server Configuration Files Chapter 12: Electronic Mail Table 12-1: Mail Server Components Table 12-2: Key Mail Server RPMs Table 12-3: Directives in dovecot-openssl.cnf for Your Own SSL Certificate Chapter 13: Other Networking Services Table 13-1: Typical Tcp/Ip Port Numbers Table 13-2: Standard Parameters for xinetd Configuration Files Chapter 14: The X Window System Table 14-1: Common X Client Command Line Options Table 14-2: X Client Geometrical Positioning Chapter 15: Securing Services Table 15-1: Sample Commands in /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny Table 15-2: tcp_wrappers Operators Table 15-3: Sample Commands in /etc/sysconfig/selinux Chapter 16: Troubleshooting Table 16-1: Linux Runlevels Appendix A: Sample Exam Table A-1: Available Red Hat Enterprise Linux Kernels (and Related Packages) Appendix B: Sample Exam Table B-1: Required Partitions List of Exercises Chapter 1: RHCE Prerequisites Exercise 1-1: Using vi to Create a New User Exercise 1-2: Creating a New LVM Partition Exercise 1-3: Checking the PATH Chapter 2: Hardware and Installation Exercise 2-1: Partitioning Exercise 2-2: Partitioning During Installation Chapter 3: The Boot Process Exercise 3-1: GRUB Error Effects Exercise 3-2: Using the GRUB Command Line Exercise 3-3: Booting into a Different Runlevel Chapter 4: Linux Filesystem Administration Exercise 4-1: Configuring the Automounter Optional Exercise 4-2: A Floppy Drive and the Automounter Chapter 5: Package Management Exercise 5-1: Installing More with pirut Exercise 5-2: Creating a Sample Kickstart File Optional Exercise 5-3: Modifying the Packages to be Installed Chapter 6: User Administration Exercise 6-1: Adding a User with the Red Hat User Manager Exercise 6-2: Securing Your System Exercise 6-3: Configuring Quotas Exercise 6-4: Controlling Group Ownership with the SGID Bit Exercise 6-5: Configuring PAM Exercise 6-6: Using PAM to Limit Access Chapter 7: System Administration Tools Exercise 7-1: Modifying Network Interfaces with system-config-network Exercise 7-2: Creating a cron Job Exercise 7-3: Checking Logs Chapter 8: Kernel Services and Configuration Exercise 8-1: Compiling and Installing a Custom Kernel Exercise 8-2: Mirroring the /home Partition with Software RAID Chapter 9: Apache and Squid Exercise 9-1: Installing the Apache Server Exercise 9-2: Creating a List of Files Exercise 9-3: Password Protection for a Web Directory Exercise 9-4: Updating a Home Page Exercise 9-5: Setting Up a Virtual Web Server Exercise 9-6: Configuring Squid to Act as a Proxy Server Chapter 10: Network File-Sharing Services Exercise 10-1: NFS Exercise 10-2: Using the NFS Server Configuration Tool Exercise 10-3: Configuring a Basic vsFTP Server Exercise 10-4: Using Home Directories Exercise 10-5: Configuring Samba with Shares Chapter 11: Domain Name Service Exercise 11-1: Setting Up Your Own DNS Server Chapter 12: Electronic Mail Exercise 12-1: Testing E-mail Services Chapter 13: Other Networking Services Exercise 13-1: Configuring xinetd Exercise 13-3: Configuring DHCP Chapter 14: The X Window System Exercise 14-1: Starting X Server Exercise 14-2: Starting Multiple X Servers Exercise 14-3: Customizing the startx Process Exercise 14-4: Starting a Display from a Remote Client Exercise 14-5: Exploring Desktops Chapter 15: Securing Services Exercise 15-1: Configuring tcp_wrappers Chapter 16: Troubleshooting Exercise 16-1: Diagnosing and Correcting Network Problems Exercise 16-2: Diagnosing and Correcting Hostname Resolution Problems Exercise 16-3: Configuring the X Window System Exercise 16-4: Configuring a Desktop Environment Exercise 16-5: Adding a New Partition Exercise 16-6: Troubleshooting the Boot Loader Exercise 16-7: Troubleshooting Boot Loader Modules List of Exam Details Introduction Exam Watch Inside the Exam Chapter 1: RHCE Prerequisites Inside the Exam Exam Watch Inside the Exam Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Chapter 2: Hardware and Installation Inside the Exam Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Inside the Exam Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Chapter 3: The Boot Process Inside the Exam Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Chapter 4: Linux Filesystem Administration Inside the Exam Exam Watch Chapter 5: Package Management Inside the Exam Exam Watch Exam Watch Inside the Exam Inside the Exam Chapter 6: User Administration Inside the Exam Exam Watch The Red Hat User Manager Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Chapter 7: System Administration Tools Inside the Exam Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Chapter 8: Kernel Services and Configuration Inside the Exam Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Inside the Exam Exam Watch Inside the Exam Chapter 9: Apache and Squid Inside the Exam Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Chapter 10: Network File-Sharing Services Inside the Exam Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Chapter 11: Domain Name Service Inside the Exam Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Chapter 12: Electronic Mail Exam Watch Inside the Exam Exam Watch Chapter 13: Other Networking Services Inside the Exam Exam Watch Exam Watch Chapter 14: The X Window System Inside the Exam Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Chapter 15: Securing Services Inside the Exam Exam Watch Exam Watch Chapter 16: Troubleshooting Inside the Exam Exam Watch Exam Watch Exam Watch Appendix A: Sample Exam Exam Watch Appendix B: Sample Exam Exam Watch ... version of the Red Hat Exam Prep guide Watch for updates at www.redhat.com /training/ rhce and www.redhat.com /training/ rhce/ examprep.html Exam RH302 Table 2: Coverage of Red Hat Exam Prep Guide Requirements... a Red Hat Certified Engineer Exam or a Red Hat Certified Technician Exam Neither Red Hat, Inc., nor McGraw-Hill warrant that use of this publication will ensure passing the relevant exam Red Hat ,... the relevant exam Red Hat , Red Hat Linux , Red Hat Enterprise Linux ®, RHCE, and RHCT™ are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Red Hat, Inc in the United States and/or other countries