CWLF Cisco Wireless LAN Fundamentals Volume Version 1.0 Student Guide Text Part Number: xx-xxxx-xx Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Cisco Systems has more than 200 offices in the following countries and regions Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco Web site at www.cisco.com/go/offices Argentina • Australia • Austria • Belgium • Brazil • Bulgaria • Canada • Chile • China PRC • Colombia • Costa Rica Croatia • Czech Republic • Denmark • Dubai, UAE • Finland • France • Germany • Greece • Hong Kong SAR • Hungary India • Indonesia • Ireland • Israel • Italy • Japan • Korea • Luxembourg • Malaysia • Mexico • The Netherlands New Zealand • Norway • Peru • Philippines • Poland • Portugal • Puerto Rico • Romania • Russia • Saudi Arabia Scotland • Singapore • Slovakia • Slovenia • South Africa • Spain • Sweden • Switzerland • Taiwan • Thailand • Turkey Ukraine • United Kingdom • United States Venezuela Vietnam Zimbabwe Copyright â 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved CCIP, the Cisco Powered Network mark, the Cisco Systems Verified logo, Cisco Unity, Fast Step, Follow Me Browsing, FormShare, Internet Quotient, iQ Breakthrough, iQ Expertise, iQ FastTrack, the iQ logo, iQ Net Readiness Scorecard, Networking Academy, ScriptShare, SMARTnet, TransPath, and Voice LAN are trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; Changing the Way We Work, Live, Play, and Learn, Discover All That’s Possible, The Fastest Way to Increase Your Internet Quotient, and iQuick Study are service marks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; and Aironet, ASIST, BPX, Catalyst, CCDA, CCDP, CCIE, CCNA, CCNP, Cisco, the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert logo, Cisco IOS, the Cisco IOS logo, Cisco Press, Cisco Systems, Cisco Systems Capital, the Cisco Systems logo, Empowering the Internet Generation, Enterprise/Solver, EtherChannel, EtherSwitch, GigaStack, IOS, IP/TV, LightStream, MGX, MICA, the Networkers logo, Network Registrar, Packet, PIX, Post-Routing, Pre-Routing, RateMUX, Registrar, SlideCast, StrataView Plus, Stratm, SwitchProbe, TeleRouter, and VCO are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc and/or its affiliates in the U.S and certain other countries All other trademarks mentioned in this document or Web site are the property of their respective owners The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company (0201R) Table of Contents Volume Course Introduction Overview Course Goal and Objectives Course Flow .4 Additional References Module 1: Cisco Aironet WLAN Overview Lesson 1: Describing Wireless LAN Radio Technologies 1-3 Overview .1-3 Unlicensed Freuency Bands .1-4 Spread Spectrum RF Technology 1-16 2.4-GHz Antennas 1-22 IEEE 802.11a Characteristics 1-25 Lesson Self-Check 1-41 Summary 1-43 Lesson 2: Defining Antenna Concepts 1-45 Overview 1-45 Definition of Terms 1-46 Antenna Concepts 1-52 Various Antenna Types 1-55 EIRP Rules .1-59 Lesson Self-Check 1-66 Summary 1-68 Module 2: Cisco Aironet WLAN Products Lesson 1: Describing Wireless LAN Access Points, Bridges Antennas and Accessories 2-3 Overview .2-3 Platform Overview .2-4 Cisco Aironet Indoor Rugged Access Points 2-7 1500 Series Wireless Outdoor Mesh Access Points 2-9 1300 Series Access Point and Bridge .2-10 Cisco Aironet Access Point Comparisons .2-11 1400 Series Wireless Bridge 2-14 Powering Options for Access Points and Bridges 2-15 Power Injectors for Access Points 2-16 2.4-GHz Antennas 2-20 5-GHz Antennas .2-24 Lesson Self-Check 2-28 Summary 2-32 Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Cisco Wireless LAN Fundamentals (CWLF) v1.0 Lesson 2: Describing WLAN Client Adapters 2-33 Overview 2-33 Cisco Aironet 802.11a/b/g Client Adapter 2-34 Cisco Wireless IP Phone7920 2-35 Cisco Compatible Extensions Program 2-36 Lesson Self-Check 2-42 Summary 2-44 Lesson 3: Describing WLAN Network Management, Control, and Services 2-45 Overview 2-45 Cisco’s Network Management 2-47 Cisco WLAN Controllers 2-49 CiscoWorks Wireless LAN Solution Engine 2-53 CiscoWorks Wireless LAN Solution Engine Express 2-55 Cisco Wireless Control System 2-57 Cisco Wireless Location Appliance 2-59 Integrated Services Routers 2-60 Cisco 3200 Series Wireless and Mobile Routers 2-64 Cisco Secure ACS Solution Engine 2-65 Lesson Self-Check 2-67 Summary 2-70 Lesson 4: Introducing Access Point Enterprise-Class Features 2-71 Overview 2-71 Software Support 2-72 Security 2-79 Virtual LAN Support 2-80 Quality of Service 2-81 Lesson Self-Check 2-82 Summary 2-84 Module 3: Wireless Bridges Lesson 1: Using Wireless Bridges and Alternatives .3-3 Overview 3-3 Wireless Bridges and Bridge Alternatives 3-4 1300 Series Wireless Bridge 3-10 1300 Series Outdoor Channels and Power Levels 3-14 1400 Series Access Point Bridge 3-19 1400 Series Outdoor Channels and Power Levels 3-24 BR1410 an BR1310 Deployment Scenarios 3-25 Lesson Self-Check 3-26 Summary 3-28 Lesson 2: Choosing Roles in the Radio Network 3-29 Overview 3-29 Role in Radio Network 3-30 Cisco Wireless LAN Fundamentals (CWLF) v1.0 Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Comparing Access Points and Bridges 3-37 Lesson Self-Check 3-51 Summary 3-54 Lesson 3: Determining Bridge Path Information 3-55 Overview 3-55 Installation Considerations 3-57 Distance and Path Loss Considerations 3-61 Bridge Distance Calculations 3-65 Outdoor Path Considerations 3-67 Antenna Considerations 3-77 Common Deployment Questions 3-81 Lesson Self-Check 3-85 Summary 3-87 Module 4: Aironet Desktop Utility Lesson 1: Describing Configuration Utilities 4-3 Overview .4-3 Software Download 4-4 Supported Operating Systems 4-5 PC Card LEDs 4-6 Aironet Client Administrator Utility 4-7 Lesson Self-Check 4-11 Summary 4-13 Lesson 2: Installing and Configuring Aironet Desktop Utility 4-15 Overview 4-15 Install the Aironet Desktop Utility 4-16 Current Status Page 4-20 ADU Profile Manager 4-22 ADU Tools .4-25 Lesson Self-Check 4-31 Summary 4-33 Module 5: Core Access Point and Bridge Basic Configuration Lesson 1: Describing Cisco Unified Wireless Network Core Products 5-3 Overview .5-3 Introducing WLAN Management 5-4 WLAN Core Products Overview 5-9 Components and Protocols .5-11 Management Benefits .5-14 Security .5-15 Roaming Concepts 5-20 Lesson Self-Check 5-27 Summary 5-30 Lesson 2: Setting up Autonomous Access Point Hardware 5-31 Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Cisco Wireless LAN Fundamentals (CWLF) v1.0 Overview 5-31 Access Point Hardware 5-32 Initial Connect and Reset 5-45 Lesson Self-Check 5-50 Summary 5-52 Lesson 3: Configuring the Access Point 5-53 Overview 5-53 Access Point: Root Mode 5-55 Home Page 5-57 Express Setup 5-58 Express Security Setup 5-60 Network Interfaces 5-62 Cisco Services 5-75 VLAN Configuration 5-76 QoS Configuration 5-84 Simple Network Management Protocol Setup 5-89 Filtering 5-91 Access Point Cisco IOS CLI 5-96 Lesson Self-Check 5-107 Summary 5-110 Cisco Wireless LAN Fundamentals (CWLF) v1.0 Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc CWLF Course Introduction Overview In this course, you will examine the fundamentals of Cisco’s wireless LAN technology You will explore the concepts of autonomous and lightweight access points and controllers In addition, you will explore network management solutions and security After completing this course you will be able to discuss configuration, management of both autonomous and lightweight wireless networks Learner Prerequisite Skills and Knowledge This subtopic lists the skills and knowledge that learners must possess to benefit fully from the course The subtopic also includes recommended Cisco learning offerings that learners should first complete to benefit fully from this course Learner Skills and Knowledge • Basic Computer Literacy • Knowledge of fundamental networking components and terminology • Knowledge of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model Knowledge of basic LAN components and functions â 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved CWLF v1.0—3 Course Goal and Objectives This topic describes the course goal and objectives Course Goal “To enable System Engineers and Field Engineers to offer their customers the most innovative and comprehensive suite of WLAN solutions in the industry, spanning a wide range of customer sizes and needs” Cisco Wireless LAN Fundamentals © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved CWLF v1.0—4 Upon completing this course, you will be able to meet these objectives: Describe detailed modulation and spreading techniques and how it is used with various antennas Describe detailed technical features, functions, and benefits of the WLAN product offerings available from Cisco Define concepts and describe considerations for deploying wireless bridges Configure a Cisco client card with Cisco utilities Configure the core access point and bridge Configure an advanced featured WLAN using a Cisco wireless LAN controller Implement a WLAN management solution available from Cisco Perform an initial configuration of a WLAN Secure a WLAN using security methods and products available from Cisco Describe the requirement necessary for deployment and performing a site survey Describe the steps, concepts, and tools available while performing a site survey Cisco Wireless LAN Fundamentals (CWLF) v1.0 Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Course Flow This topic presents the suggested flow of the course materials Course Flow Day A M Course Introduction Cisco Aironet WLAN Products Day Day Advance Feature Set Product Administration Cisco Wireless Mesh Network Installation Day Site Survey Preparation Lunch Wireless Bridges P M Aironet Desktop Utility © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Advance Feature Set Product Administration (Cont.) WLAN Management Solutions Security Site Survey Preparation (Cont.) Manual Site Survey Tools and Utilities CWLF v1.0—5 The schedule reflects the recommended structure for this course This structure allows enough time for the instructor to present the course information and for you to work through the lab activities The exact timing of the subject materials and labs depends on the pace of your specific class Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Course Introduction Additional References This topic presents the Cisco icons and symbols that are used in this course, as well as information on where to find additional technical references Cisco Icons and Symbols Wireless Dual Mode Access Point Access Point Network Management Appliance Router CiscoWorks Workstation File Server Line: Ethernet BBFW Media Switch Laptop Wireless Connectivity Wireless Bridge Cisco 5500 Family Workgroup Switch Network Cloud, White Scanner 100BaseT Hub Tablet © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved CWLF v1.0—6 Cisco Icons and Symbols (Cont.) WLAN Controller Access point Wireless Dual Mode Access Point © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Cisco Wireless LAN Fundamentals (CWLF) v1.0 Wireless Router Integrated Service Router Rooftop or poletop access point Wi-Fi Tag CWLF v1.0—7 Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Cisco IOS Overview (Cont.) New Interfaces • BVI • DOT11Radio Extends wired features to the wireless ap#show ip interface brief Interface Method Status BVI1 10.1.1.8 IP-Address YES OK? DHCP up up Dot11Radio0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Dot11Radio1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down FastEthernet0 ap# unassigned YES other up up © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Protocol CWLF v1.0—m5-38 The 802.11 commands fit into the Cisco IOS design like just another interface The design takes features used in a wired environment and extends them to a wireless interface BVI1 (Bridge Virtual Interface) is the first interface, and is the administrative interface Dot11Radio0 is the second interface and is the 802.11b/g radio Dot11Radio1 is the third interface and is the 802.11a radio Access points without an 802.11a radio will not have a Dot11Radio1 interface FastEthernet0 is the forth interface 5-96 Cisco Wireless LAN Fundamentals (CWLF) v1.0 Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Cisco IOS Overview (Cont.) User Access Verification User EXEC Privileged EXEC Username: Cisco Password: ap> ap>enable Password: ap# ap#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line ap(config)# ap(config)#interface dot11Radio ap(config-if)# © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved End with CNTL/Z CWLF v1.0—m5-39 The following are CLI command modes: User EXEC mode: After you access the device, you are automatically in user EXEC command mode The EXEC commands available at the user level are a subset of those available at the privileged level In general, use the EXEC commands to temporarily change the terminal settings, perform basic tests, and list system information The supported commands can vary depending on the version of Cisco IOS software in use Privileged EXEC mode: Because many of the privileged commands are used to configure operating parameters, privileged access should be password-protected to prevent unauthorized use The privileged EXEC command set includes those commands contained in the EXEC mode, as well as the configure privileged EXEC command through which you access the remaining command modes If your system administrator has set a password, you are prompted to enter it before being granted access to privileged EXEC mode The password does not appear on the screen and is case-sensitive Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Core Access Point and Bridge Basic Configuration 5-97 Cisco IOS Overview (Cont.) User Access Verification Global configuration Username: Cisco Password: ap> ap>enable Password: ap# ap#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line ap(config)# ap(config)#interface dot11Radio ap(config-if)# End with CNTL/Z Interface configuration © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved 5-98 CWLF v1.0—m5-40 Global configuration mode: Global configuration commands apply to features that affect the device as a whole Use the configure privileged EXEC command to enter global configuration mode The default is to enter commands from the management console When you enter the configure command, a message prompts you for the source of the configuration commands Interface configuration mode: Interface configuration commands modify the operation of the interface Interface configuration commands always follow a global configuration command, which defines the interface type Use the interface interface-id command to access interface configuration mode Cisco Wireless LAN Fundamentals (CWLF) v1.0 Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Cisco IOS Command Reference Privileged EXEC • 37 802.11 commands Global configuration • 15 802.11 commands Configuration interface • 35 802.11 commands © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved CWLF v1.0—m5-41 The Cisco IOS command reference is for the networking professional using the Cisco IOS CLI to manage Cisco Aironet access points and bridges that run Cisco IOS software Before using this guide, you should have experience working with Cisco IOS commands and access point and bridge software features; you also need to be familiar with the concepts and terminology of Ethernet and local area networking This guide provides information about new and revised Cisco IOS commands For information about the standard Cisco IOS commands, refer to the IOS documentation set available from the Cisco.com home page by selecting Service and Support > Technical Documents On the Cisco Product Documentation home page, select Release 12.3 from the Cisco IOS software drop-down list You can access the most current Cisco documentation at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport You can access the Cisco website at this URL: http://www.cisco.com You can access international Cisco websites at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/public/countries_languages.shtml Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Core Access Point and Bridge Basic Configuration 5-99 Cisco IOS Power Local Example AP(config-if)# power local cck 50 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved CWLF v1.0—m5-42 Use the power local configuration interface command to configure the access point or bridge radio power level Use the no form of the command to reset the parameter to defaults On the 2.4-GHz, 802.11g radio, you can set OFDM power levels and CCK power levels CCK modulation is supported by 802.11b and 802.11g devices OFDM modulation is supported by 802.11g and 802.11a devices The figure shows how to set the power level of an 802.11g radio to 50 mW 2.4-GHz Access Point Radio (802.11b) [no] power local {1 | | 20 | 30 | 50 | 100 | maximum}3 2.4-GHz Access Point Radio (802.11g) [no] power local cck {1 | | 10 | 20 | 30 | 50 | 100 | maximum}1 [no] power local cck {-1 | | | | 11 | 14 | 15 | 17 | 20 | maximum}4 [no] power local ofdm {1 | | 10 | 20 | 30 | maximum}1 [no] power local ofdm {-1 | | | | 11 | 14 | 17 | maximum}2 5-GHz Access Point Radio (801.11a) [no] power local {5 | 10 | 20 | 40 | maximum}1 [no] power local { -1 | | | | 11 | 14 | 15 | maximum}2 [no] power local { -1 | | | | 11 | 14 | 15 | 17 | maximum}2 1400 Series Bridge 5.8-GHz Radio [no] power local {12 | 15 | 18 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | maximum}2 5-100 Note The maximum transmit power depends on your regulatory domain and the antenna gain for your access point or bridge For additional information refer to the "Channels and Antenna Settings" section of the hardware installation guide for your access point or bridge Note The supported transmit power levels differ on the various access points and bridges Cisco Wireless LAN Fundamentals (CWLF) v1.0 Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Note This command requires the radio to be turned on and enabled to determine valid power settings allowed on your access point radio The default local power level is maximum Power settings in mW Power settings in dBm Power settings in mW Power settings in dBm Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Core Access Point and Bridge Basic Configuration 5-101 Cisco IOS SSID Example AP(config)# dot11 ssid class AP(config-if)# ssid class © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved CWLF v1.0—m5-43 The figure shows how to create an SSID of Ivory-AP25 Use the ssid interface configuration command to assign a globally configured SSID to a radio interface Use the no form of the command to remove an SSID from a radio interface [no] ssid ssid-string In Cisco IOS Release 12.3(4)JA, you can configure SSIDs globally or for a specific radio interface, but all SSIDs are stored globally After you use the dot11 ssid global interface command to create an SSID, you use the ssid command to assign the SSID to a specific interface Syntax Description ssidstring Specifies the SSID name for the radio, expressed as a case-sensitive alphanumeric string from to 32 characters Defaults: On access points, the factory default SSID is tsunami On bridges, the default SSID is autoinstall Command Modes: Configuration interface Command History 5-102 Release Modification 12.2(4)JA This command was introduced Cisco Wireless LAN Fundamentals (CWLF) v1.0 Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Cisco IOS Channel Example AP(config-if)# channel 2457 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved CWLF v1.0—m5-44 Use the channel interface configuration command to set the radio channel frequency The access point in the figure changes to frequency 2457 (channel 10) Use the channel configuration interface command to set the radio channel frequency Use the no form of this command to reset the channel frequency to defaults [no] channel {number | frequency | least-congested} Channels and Center Frequencies for 2.4-GHz Radios (both 802.11b and 802.11g) Channel Identifier Frequency (MHz) Channel Identifier Frequency (MHz) 2412 2447 2417 2452 2422 10 2457 2427 11 2462 2432 12 2467 2437 13 2472 2442 14 2484 Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Core Access Point and Bridge Basic Configuration 5-103 Channels and Center Frequencies for Access Point 5-GHz Radios Channel Identifier Frequency (MHz) Channel Identifier Frequency (MHz) Channel Identifier Frequency (MHz) 34 5170 100 5500 149 5745 36 5180 104 5520 153 5765 38 5190 108 5540 157 5785 40 5200 112 5560 161 5805 42 5210 116 5580 165 5825 44 5220 120 5600 - - 46 5230 124 5620 - - 48 5240 128 5640 - - 52 5260 132 5660 - - 56 5280 136 5680 - - 60 5300 140 5700 - - 64 5320 - - - - Channels and Center Frequencies for the 1400 Series Bridge 5-GHz Radio Channel Identifier Frequency (MHz) 149 5745 153 5765 157 5785 161 5805 Defaults: The default channel setting is least-congested Command Modes: Configuration interface 5-104 Cisco Wireless LAN Fundamentals (CWLF) v1.0 Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Cisco IOS Channel Example (Cont.) © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved CWLF v1.0—m5-45 The channel interface configuration command allows the option of entering the channel three different ways: By the assigned channel number: — By the frequency: — AP(config-if)# channel 10 AP (config-if)# channel 2457 Scan for the least-congested radio channel: — AP (config-if) # channel least-congested Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Core Access Point and Bridge Basic Configuration 5-105 Lesson Self-Check Use the questions here to review what you learned in this lesson The correct answers and solutions are found in the Lesson Self-Check Answer Key Q1) A root access point can only communicate with a/an on the wired infrastructure? (Choose one.) (Source: Role in the Radio Network) A) B) C) D) Q2) Which of the following is the default page for the GUI interface of an autonomous access point? (Choose one.) (Source: Home Page) A) B) C) D) Q3) Required Enabled Disabled Broadcast Which of the following is not configured under the Advanced Services area? (Choose one.) (Source: Advanced Services) A) B) C) D) 5-106 12 16 24 Which of the following data rate settings is used for broadcast traffic? (Choose one.) (Source: Network Interfaces) A) B) C) D) Q6) Access Point Repeater Non-root Bridge without clients Workgroup Bridge How many SSIDs can be created on the Express Security Setup page? (Choose one.) (Source: Express Security Setup) A) B) C) D) Q5) Home Express Setup Express Security Event Log Which of the following settings should be chosen if the access point is not connected to the Ethernet? (Choose one.) (Source: Express Setup) A) B) C) D) Q4) Repeater Client Access point Workgroup bridge VLANs QoS Filters SSID Cisco Wireless LAN Fundamentals (CWLF) v1.0 Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Q7) When configuring a VLAN, the Ethernet port is set to which of the following? (Choose one.) (Source: VLAN Configuration) A) B) C) D) Q8) Which of the following is true of SSIDs not assigned to a VLAN? (Choose one.) (Source: VLAN Configuration) A) B) C) D) Q9) True False MAC address filters can be created for which of the following? (Choose one.) (Source: Filtering) A) B) C) Q12) Radio Interface and SSID Radio Interface and Ethernet Interface Ethernet Interface and SSID SSID and Bridge Virtual Interface SNMP is enabled by default on the access point (Source: SNMP) A) B) Q11) They are assigned as broadcast SSIDs They are assigned to the native VLAN They are disabled They are assigned to the last VLAN created Choose the correct answer to fill in the blanks in the following question QoS policies are assigned to the _ and _when no VLANs are enabled (Choose one.) (Source: Quality of Service) A) B) C) D) Q10) 802.1q SSL Normal 802.11q Source MAC address Source and Destination MAC address Destination MAC address When configuring the SSID via the command line, the SSID is created by which of the following commands? (Choose one.) (Source: Access Point Cisco IOS Command Line) A) B) C) D) AP#(config) ssid AP#(config-if) ssid AP#(config) dot11 ssid AP#(config-if) dot11 ssid Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Core Access Point and Bridge Basic Configuration 5-107 Lesson Self-Check Answer Key 5-108 Q1) C Q2) A Q3) B Q4) C Q5) A Q6) D Q7) A Q8) C Q9) B Q10) B Q11) C Q12) C Cisco Wireless LAN Fundamentals (CWLF) v1.0 Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc Summary This topic summarizes the key points discussed in this lesson Summary In this lesson we learned where and how to configure features in access points and bridges using the GUI We also learned where and how to configure features in access points and bridges using the command line interface © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc CWLF v1.0—m5-48 Core Access Point and Bridge Basic Configuration 5-109 5-110 Cisco Wireless LAN Fundamentals (CWLF) v1.0 Copyright © 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc