CCIE Routing and Switching Certification Guide Fourth Edition Wendell Odom, CCIE No 1624 Rus Healy, CCIE No 15025 Denise Donohue, CCIE No 9566 Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA ii CCIE Routing and Switching Certification Guide, Fourth Edition Wendell Odom, CCIE No 1624 Rus Healy, CCIE No 15025 Denise Donohue, CCIE No 9566 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Published by: Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review Printed in the United States of America First Printing November 2009 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Odom, Wendell CCIE routing and switching exam certification guide / Wendell Odom, Rus Healy, Denise Donohue 4th ed p cm Includes index ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-980-3 (hardcover w/cd) ISBN-10: 1-58705-980-0 (hardcover w/cd) Telecommunications engineers—Certification—Study guides Routing (Computer network management)—Examinations—Study guides Telecommunication—Switching systems—Examinations—Study guides Computer networks—Examinations—Study guides Internetworking (Telecommunication)—Examinations—Study guides I Healy, Rus II Donohue, Denise III Title QA76.3.B78475 2010 004.6—dc22 2009041604 ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-980-3 ISBN-10: 1-58705-980-0 Warning and Disclaimer This book is designed to provide information about Cisco CCIE Routing and Switching Written Exam, No 350-001 Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied The information is provided on an “as is” basis The authors, Cisco Press, and Cisco Systems, Inc shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessarily those of Cisco Systems, Inc Trademark Acknowledgments All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc., cannot attest to the accuracy of this information Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark iii Corporate and Government Sales Cisco Press offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales For more information, please contact: U.S Corporate and Government Sales 1-800-382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside of the U.S please contact: International Sales 1-317-581-3793 international@pearsontechgroup.com Feedback Information At Cisco Press, our goal is to create in-depth technical books of the highest quality and value Each book is crafted with care and precision, undergoing rigorous development that involves the unique expertise of members from the professional technical community Readers’ feedback is a natural continuation of this process If you have any comments regarding how we could improve the quality of this book, or otherwise alter it to better suit your needs, you can contact us through email at feedback@ciscopress.com Please make sure to include the book title and ISBN in your message We greatly appreciate your assistance Publisher: Paul Boger Associate Publisher: Dave Dusthimer Cisco Representative: Erik Ullanderson Cisco Press Program Manager: Anand Sundaram Executive Editor: Brett Bartow Managing Editor: Patrick Kanouse Development Editor: Dayna Isley Project Editor: Seth Kerney Copy Editor: Keith Cline Technical Editor(s): Maurilio Gorito, Narbik Kocharians Editorial Assistant: Vanessa Evans Book Designer: Louisa Adair Composition: Mark Shirar Indexer: Tim Wright Proofreader: Apostrophe Editing Services iv About the Authors Wendell Odom, CCIE No 1624, is a 28-year veteran of the networking industry He currently works as an independent author of Cisco certification resources and occasional instructor of Cisco authorized training for Skyline ATS He has worked as a network engineer, consultant, systems engineer, instructor, and course developer He is author of several best-selling Cisco certification titles He maintains lists of current titles, links to Wendell’s blogs, and other certification resources at www.TheCertZone.com Rus Healy, CCIE No 15025, has worked on several Cisco Press projects, including the third edition of this book as a coauthor, and the second edition as a technical reviewer Rus is chief technology officer of Annese & Associates, Cisco’s Education Partner of the Year for the Northeast US and Canada Rus serves on the Board of Directors of Habitat for Humanity of New York State and Habitat for Humanity of Ontario County, NY Denise Donohue, CCIE No 9566, is senior solutions architect for ePlus Technology, a Cisco Gold partner She works as a consulting engineer, designing networks for ePlus’s customers Prior to this role, she was a systems engineer for the data consulting arm of SBC/AT&T She has co-authored several Cisco Press books in the areas of route/switch and voice Denise has been a Cisco instructor and course director for Global Knowledge and did network consulting for many years Her areas of specialization include route/switch, voice, and data center About the Technical Reviewers Maurilio Gorito, CCIE No 3807 (Routing and Switching, WAN Switching, and Security), has more than 20 years of experience in networking, including Cisco networks and IBM/ SNA environments, which includes the planning, designing, implementation, and troubleshooting of large IP networks running RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, BGP, OSPF, QoS, and SNA worldwide, including in Brazil and the United States Maurilio has worked for Cisco since 2000 with the CCIE Team As program manager, he is responsible for managing the CCIE Routing and Switching track certification exams, and he has more than seven years of experience proctoring CCIE lab exams He holds degrees in mathematics and pedagogy Narbik Kocharians, CCIE No 12410 (Routing and Switching, Security, SP), is a Triple CCIE with more than 32 years of experience in the IT industry He has designed, implemented, and supported numerous enterprise networks Narbik is the president of Micronics Training Inc (www.Micronicstraining.com), where he teaches CCIE R&S and SP boot camps v Acknowledgments Maurilio and Narbik each did a nice job tech editing the book and finding the technical errors that can creep into a manuscript On his third time with editing this book, Maurilio did his usual great job with one of the most difficult challenges with this book: help us choose what to cover, and in what depth, and what to not cover And what a treat to get Narbik, one of the world’s most respected CCIE instructors, to review the book His comments both on technical accuracy and suggested improvements of how to go about describing the topics were very valuable Joe Harris (CCIE 6200, R/S, Security, SP) did a great job for us working to update and add to the CD question bank Joe's expertise and experience has been a tremendous help to improve the questions on the CD Thanks, Joe! We had the privilege of working with Dayna Isley as development editor this time around Dayna got the task of juggling a wide variety of details, keeping track of a large number of chapters, some with few changes, some with many small changes, and some with big chunks of new material that needed to fit well with existing material (and with authors to boot) And oh yeah, she had to the usual development work, too Amazing job, Dayna! The wonderful (and mostly hidden) production folks—Patrick Kanouse’s group—did their usual great job When every time you see how they reworded something, or made a figure look better, or catch a problem, it makes me appreciate the kind of team we have at Cisco Press In particular, thanks to Seth Kerney for managing the production process as Project Editor for the book, and for working through all the competing tasks, large and small changes, and the competing timelines Many thanks to the entire production team for pulling us through the process and making the book better From a more strategic perspective, thanks to Brett Bartow, the executive editor for this book I can remember sitting at a table at the Cisco Networker’s conference back in… 2004 I believe, and talking with Brett about the possibility of rewriting the first edition of this book for what came to be called the second edition Not only did Brett work hard, and with flexibility, to get me the chance to write this book originally, he has also helped me keep a great group of co-authors engaged with the book to help use keep the book up-to-date on a relatively frequent update cycle From Wendell Odom: As usual, the timeline for the new edition of this book coincided with a couple of other projects Yet again, Rus helped beyond compare Frankly, while I may have written more net pages in this book overall, Rus has become invested in this book, not just in time and effort, but in the amount he cares about this book in the marketplace Rus’s value to the ongoing shape of this book goes far beyond any particular words or figures printed in the pages vi Denise Donohue joined the team for this fourth edition, making her the fifth co-author to work on various parts of the book It was great to have a fresh set of eyes looking at the content, and to have an experienced author and respected consultant/instructor work with us was a big help as well Without Denise, we never would have made the requested due dates—thanks, Denise! Finally, on the personal side, thanks to my wife, Kris, for helping make this work lifestyle happen for me I truly love to write, and Kris helps make that happen Thanks, doll! And as always, thanks to my Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ From Rus Healy: Thanks to Wendell Odom and Denise Donohue for the opportunity to work with them on this book It’s been a satisfying and enjoyable project It’s always a pleasure to serve on a great team, and along with the great folks from Cisco Press, this group is one of the best! Finally, I want to thank my wife, Nancy, and our kids, Gwen and Trevor, for putting up with me as I took time away from family life to work on this book From Denise Donohue: I would like to second all the wonderful things that Wendell said about the Cisco Press staff and our technical reviewers Authors are but the tip of the iceberg; producing a quality book requires many hands, and we are so very grateful for all the help A big “thank you” to Wendell for the opportunity to work on this new edition The subject matter was interesting, and I learned some new things! What more can you ask? He and Rus are so professional in their writing; my future books will be better because of the tips I picked up from them I promised my Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ, that I’d give him a shout-out in this book Thanks to Him for all He’s done, including helping me understand how to explain a tough concept or keep motivated to stay inside and write on bright, sunny spring days Finally, thank you to my husband and children for picking up the slack while I’m writing Couldn’t have done it without you! vii Contents at a Glance Foreword xxxi Introduction xxxii Part I LAN Switching Chapter Ethernet Basics Chapter Virtual LANs and VLAN Trunking Chapter Spanning Tree Protocol Part II IP Chapter IP Addressing Chapter IP Services Part III IP Routing Chapter IP Forwarding (Routing) Chapter EIGRP 217 Chapter OSPF 249 Chapter IGP Route Redistribution, Route Summarization, Default Routing, and Troubleshooting 309 Chapter 10 Fundamentals of BGP Operations Chapter 11 BGP Routing Policies Part IV QoS Chapter 12 Classification and Marking Chapter 13 Congestion Management and Avoidance Chapter 14 Shaping, Policing, and Link Fragmentation Part V Wide-Area Networks Chapter 15 Wide-Area Networks 31 63 105 141 181 365 427 611 493 529 567 viii Part VI IP Multicast Chapter 16 Introduction to IP Multicasting Chapter 17 IP Multicast Routing Part VII Security Chapter 18 Security Part VIII MPLS Chapter 19 Multiprotocol Label Switching Part IX IP Version Chapter 20 P Version Part X Appendixes Appendix A Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes Appendix B Decimal to Binary Conversion Table Appendix C CCIE Exam Updates Index 986 643 689 753 817 879 979 983 CD-Only Appendix D IP Addressing Practice Appendix E RIP Version Appendix F IGMP Appendix G Key Tables for CCIE Study Appendix H Solutions for Key Tables for CCIE Study Glossary 949 ix Contents Foreword xxxi Introduction Part I xxxii LAN Switching Chapter Ethernet Basics “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics Ethernet Layer 1: Wiring, Speed, and Duplex RJ-45 Pinouts and Category Wiring Auto-negotiation, Speed, and Duplex CSMA/CD Collision Domains and Switch Buffering Basic Switch Port Configuration 11 Ethernet Layer 2: Framing and Addressing 13 Types of Ethernet Addresses 15 Ethernet Address Formats 16 Protocol Types and the 802.3 Length Field 17 Switching and Bridging Logic 18 SPAN and RSPAN 20 Core Concepts of SPAN and RSPAN 22 Restrictions and Conditions 22 Basic SPAN Configuration 24 Complex SPAN Configuration 24 RSPAN Configuration 25 Foundation Summary 26 Memory Builders 29 Fill In Key Tables from Memory 29 Definitions 29 Further Reading 29 Chapter Virtual LANs and VLAN Trunking 31 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 31 Foundation Topics 35 Virtual LANs 35 VLAN Configuration 35 Using VLAN Database Mode to Create VLANs 36 Using Configuration Mode to Put Interfaces into VLANs Using Configuration Mode to Create VLANs 39 Private VLANs 40 VLAN Trunking Protocol 42 VTP Process and Revision Numbers 43 VTP Configuration 44 38 Try Safari Books Online FREE Get online access to 5,000+ Books and Videos FREE TRIAL—GET STARTED TODAY! www.informit.com/safaritrial Find trusted answers, fast Only Safari lets you search across thousands of best-selling books from the top technology publishers, including Addison-Wesley Professional, Cisco Press, O’Reilly, Prentice Hall, Que, and Sams Master the latest tools and techniques In addition to gaining access to an incredible inventory of technical books, Safari’s extensive collection of video tutorials lets you learn from the leading video training experts WAIT, THERE’S MORE! 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