Braunwalds Heart Disease Review and Assessment

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For technical assistance: email expertconsult.help@elsevier.com call 1-800-401-9962 (inside the US) call +1-314-447-8200 (outside the US) Use of the current edition of the electronic version of this book (eBook) is subject to the terms of the nontransferable, limited license granted on expertconsult.inkling.com Access to the eBook is limited to the first individual who redeems the PIN, located on the inside cover of this book, at expertconsult.inkling.com and may not be transferred to another party by resale, lending or other means Better Together Designed as companions to the bestselling Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Braunwald suite includes titles covering everything from valvular heart disease to lipidology to hypertension, ensuring you’re equipped with all the cardiology resources you need for effective care Visit us.elsevierhealth.com/BraunwaldFamily to shop the entire collection today! The family that keeps families together NEW! NEW! EXPLORE the entire Braunwald family of resources! Heart Failure: A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease, 3rd Edition Mann & Felker 978-1-4557-7237-7 Stay current with recent developments in the field, improved patient management strategies, and new drug therapies and implantable devices that will make a difference in your patients’ lives Diabetes in Cardiovascular Disease: A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease McGuire 978-1-4557-5418-2 This interdisciplinary resource bridges the gap between the cardiology and endocrinology communities of scientists and care providers, and highlights the emerging scientific and clinical topics that are relevant for cardiologists, diabetologists/endocrinologists, and the extended diabetes care team Cardiovascular Intervention: Clinical Lipidology: Bhatt 978-0-323-26219-4 Ballantyne 978-0-323-28786-9 A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease This reference contains focused chapters on how to utilize cutting-edge interventional technologies, with an emphasis on the latest protocols and standards of care Valvular Heart Disease: A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease, 4th Edition Otto & Bonow 978-1-4557-4860-0 Give your patients the most accurate diagnoses, the best possible heart disease treatment options, and the expert care they deserve with this indispensable resource for your everyday practice Vascular Medicine: Hypertension: Creager, Beckman, & Loscalzo 978-1-4377-2930-6 Black & Elliott 978-1-4377-2766-1 A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease, 2nd Edition Make the most of today’s innovative medical therapies, advances in vascular imaging, and new drugs to improve your patients’ cardiovascular health Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease, 2nd Edition Theroux 978-1-4160-4927-2 Dr Pierre Theroux and his team of expert contributors present advances in diagnostic and imaging techniques, such as biomarkers, nuclear cardiology, echocardiography, and multislice CT; secondary prevention; and new antiplatelet, anti-ischemic, and gene therapies A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease, 2nd Edition This respected cardiology reference covers everything you need to know to effectively manage the chronic problems of your hypertensive patients Preventive Cardiology: A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease Blumenthal, Foody & Wong 978-1-4377-1366-4 Address the prevention and risk stratification of cardiovascular disease so that you can delay the onset of disease and moderate the effects and complications Shop online at us.elsevierhealth.com/BraunwaldFamily A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease, 2nd Edition From basic science to pathogenesis of atherothrombotic disease, this reference offers unparalleled coverage and expert guidance on lipidology in a straightforward, accessible, and user-friendly style Cardiovascular Therapeutics : A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease, 4th Edition Antman 978-1-4557-0101-8 Manage cardiovascular problems more effectively with this comprehensive resource, which addresses pharmacological, interventional, and surgical management approaches for each type of cardiovascular disease Clinical Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology: A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease, 2nd Edition Issa, Miller, & Zipes 978-1-4557-1274-8 With its unique, singular focus on the clinical aspect of cardiac arrhythmias, this title makes it easy to apply today’s most up-to-date guidelines for diagnosis and treatment Mechanical Circulatory Support: A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease Kormos & Miller 978-1-4160-6001-7 Access the clinically relevant information you need to effectively use this therapy to treat and manage end-stage cardiovascular disease BRAUNWALD’S HEART DISEASE REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT This page intentionally left blank BRAUNWALD’S HEART DISEASE REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT 10TH EDITION Leonard S Lilly, MD Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Chief, Brigham and Women’s/Faulkner Cardiology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 1600 John F Kennedy Blvd Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 BRAUNWALD’S HEART DISEASE REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT, TENTH EDITION  ISBN: 978-0-323-34134-9 Copyright © 2016 by Elsevier, Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher Details on how to seek permission, and further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein) Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein Previous editions copyrighted 2012, 2008, 2006, 2001, 1997, 1992, and 1989 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Braunwald’s heart disease : review and assessment / [edited by] Leonard S Lilly.—Tenth edition    p ; cm   title: Heart disease review and assessment   “Study guide designed to accompany the tenth edition of Braunwald’s heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine, edited by Dr Douglas Mann, Dr Douglas Zipes, Dr Peter Libby, and Dr Robert Bonow”—Preface   Includes bibliographical references   ISBN 978-0-323-34134-9 (pbk : alk paper)   I.  Lilly, Leonard S., editor.  II.  Braunwald’s heart disease Tenth edition Guide to (work):  III.  Title: Heart disease review and assessment   [DNLM:  1.  Heart Diseases—Examination Questions.  WG 18.2]   RC669.2   616.1′20076—dc23    2015004713 Content Strategist: Dolores Meloni Content Development Specialist: Jennifer Ehlers Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson Senior Project Manager: Rachel E McMullen Design Direction: Xiaopei Chen Printed in the United States of America Last digit is the print number:  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  Contributors Marc P Bonaca, MD Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Sections IV and V Fidencio Saldaña, MD Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Section IV Akshay Desai, MD Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Section II Victor Soukoulis, MD, PhD Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia Section I Neal K Lakdawala, MD Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Section III Garrick Stewart, MD Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Section II Bradley A Maron, MD Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Cardiology Boston VA Healthcare System Boston, Massachusetts Section IV Neil Wimmer, MD Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston Massachusetts Section III Amy Miller, MD, PhD Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Section I vii This page intentionally left blank ... therapy to treat and manage end-stage cardiovascular disease BRAUNWALD’S HEART DISEASE REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT This page intentionally left blank BRAUNWALD’S HEART DISEASE REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT 10TH... 1992, and 1989 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Braunwald’s heart disease : review and assessment / [edited by] Leonard S Lilly.—Tenth edition    p ; cm   title: Heart disease review. .. Brigham and Women’s/Faulkner Cardiology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 1600 John F Kennedy Blvd Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 BRAUNWALD’S HEART DISEASE REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT,