BSCI w w w ci sc o Version 3.0 tra Volume in co m Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks Student Guide Editorial, Production, and Graphic Services: 06.14.06 Table of Contents Volume Manipulating Routing Updates 5-1 Overview Module Objectives 5-1 5-1 Operating a Network Using Multiple IP Routing Protocols in co m Overview Objectives Using Multiple IP Routing Protocols Defining Route Redistribution Using Seed Metrics Seed Metrics Example Default Seed Metrics Example Summary Configuring and Verifying Route Redistribution 5-3 5-3 5-4 5-6 5-10 5-10 5-12 5-13 5-15 5-15 5-15 5-16 5-16 5-18 5-18 5-20 5-21 5-21 5-23 5-24 5-24 5-26 5-27 5-27 5-29 5-30 5-30 5-31 5-32 5-33 5-35 w w ci sc o tra Overview Objectives Configuring Redistribution Example: Redistribution Supports All Protocols Redistributing Routes into RIP Example: Configuring Redistribution into RIP Example: Redistributing into RIP Redistributing Routes into OSPF Example: Configuring Redistribution into OSPF Example: Redistributing into OSPF Redistributing Routes into EIGRP Example: Configuring Redistribution into EIGRP Example: Redistributing into EIGRP Redistributing Routes into IS-IS Example: Configuring Redistribution into IS-IS Example: Redistributing into IS-IS Verifying Route Redistribution Example: Before Redistribution Example: Routing Tables Before Redistribution Example: Configuring Redistribution Example: Routing Tables After Route Redistribution Summary 5-3 5-37 Overview Objectives Configuring a Passive Interface Example: Using the passive interface Command Configuring Route Filtering Using Distribute Lists Implementing the Distribute List Defining Route Maps Using route-map Commands Implementing Route Maps with Redistribution Example: Route Maps and Redistribution Commands Defining Administrative Distance Example: Administrative Distance Modifying Administrative Distance Defining the Impact of Administrative Distance Changes Example: Redistribution Using Administrative Distance Example: Configurations for the P3R1 and P3R2 Routers Example: Routing Table After Redistribution Example: Knowing Your Network Summary 5-37 5-37 5-39 5-40 5-41 5-43 5-47 5-51 5-55 5-55 5-56 5-57 5-58 5-60 5-60 5-61 5-62 5-65 5-66 w Controlling Routing Update Traffic Implementing Advanced Cisco IOS Features: Configuring DHCP 5-67 Overview Objectives Describing the Purpose of DHCP Understanding the Function of DHCP Configuring DHCP Configuring the DHCP Client Explaining the IP Helper Address Configuring DHCP Relay Services Summary Module Summary Module Self-Check Module Self-Check Answer Key 5-67 5-67 5-68 5-69 5-71 5-76 5-77 5-81 5-84 5-85 5-86 5-88 6-1 Overview Module Objectives Explaining BGP Concepts and Terminology in co m Implementing BGP w ci Explaining EBGP and IBGP sc o tra Overview Objectives Using BGP in an Enterprise Network BGP Multihoming Options Example: Default Routes from All Providers Example: Default Routes from All Providers and Partial Table Example: Full Routes from All Providers BGP Routing Between Autonomous Systems BGP Is Used Between Autonomous Systems AS Numbers Comparison with IGPs Path-Vector Functionality Example: BGP Routing Policies Features of BGP BGP Message Types Summary w w Overview Objectives BGP Neighbor Relationships Establishing EBGP Neighbor Relationships Establishing IBGP Neighbor Relationships Example: Internal BGP IBGP on All Routers in Transit Path IBGP in a Transit AS IBGP in a Nontransit AS Example: IBGP Partial Mesh Example: IBGP Full Mesh TCP and Full Mesh Example: Routing Issues if BGP Is Not on in All Routers in Transit Path Summary Configuring Basic BGP Operations Overview Objectives Initiate Basic BGP Configuration Activate a BGP Session Example: BGP neighbor Command Shutting Down a BGP Neighbor BGP Configuration Considerations Example: IBGP Peering Issue ii Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v3.0 6-1 6-1 6-3 6-3 6-3 6-5 6-7 6-10 6-11 6-12 6-13 6-13 6-14 6-14 6-15 6-17 6-18 6-22 6-24 6-25 6-25 6-25 6-26 6-27 6-28 6-28 6-29 6-29 6-30 6-31 6-31 6-31 6-32 6-33 6-35 6-35 6-35 6-36 6-37 6-39 6-40 6-41 6-42 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc in co m Example: BGP Using Loopback Addresses Example: ebgp-multihop Command Example: Next-Hop Behavior Example: next-hop-self Configuration Example: Next Hop on a Multiaccess Network Example: Using a Peer Group Example: BGP network Command Example: BGP Synchronization Example: BGP Configuration Example: BGP Configuration for Router B Identifying BGP Neighbor States Example: show ip bgp neighbors Command Example: BGP Active State Troubleshooting Example: BGP Peering Authenticating in BGP Example: BGP Neighbor Authentication Troubleshooting BGP Example: show ip bgp Command Output Example: show ip bgp rib-failure Command Output Example: The debug ip bgp updates Command Summary Selecting a BGP Path 6-85 6-85 6-85 6-86 6-90 6-90 6-91 6-91 6-92 6-93 6-94 6-94 6-95 6-95 6-96 6-96 6-97 6-98 6-100 6-102 w w ci sc o tra Overview Objectives Characteristics of BGP Attributes AS Path Attribute Example: AS Path Attribute Next-Hop Attribute Example: Next-Hop Attribute Origin Attribute Example: Origin Attribute Local Preference Attribute Example: Local Preference Attribute MED Attribute Example: MED Attribute Weight Attribute Example: Weight Attribute (Cisco Only) Determining the BGP Path Selection Selecting a BGP Path Path Selection with Multihomed Connection Summary 6-44 6-47 6-49 6-51 6-52 6-54 6-58 6-61 6-62 6-63 6-65 6-67 6-69 6-70 6-72 6-74 6-75 6-75 6-77 6-83 6-84 6-103 Overview Objectives Setting Local Preference with Route Maps Example: BGP Is Designed to Implement Policy Routing Example: Local Preference Case Study Example: BGP Table with Default Settings Example: Route Map for Router A 6-103 6-103 6-104 6-105 6-107 6-108 6-110 Setting the MED with Route Maps Example: BGP Using Route Maps and the MED Implementing BGP in an Enterprise Network Summary Module Summary References Module Self-Check Module Self-Check Answer Key 6-112 6-113 6-117 6-118 6-119 6-119 6-121 6-129 w Using Route Maps to Manipulate Basic BGP Paths © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v3.0 iii Implementing Multicast 7-1 Overview Module Objectives 7-1 7-1 Explaining Multicast 7-3 Overview Objectives Explaining the Multicast Group IP Multicast Addresses Summary 7-3 7-3 7-4 7-10 7-16 7-17 Overview Objectives Introducing IGMPv2 Introducing IGMPv3 Multicast in Layer Switching Cisco Group Management Protocol IGMP Snooping Summary sc o Overview Objectives Protocols Used in Multicast Multicast Distribution Trees Introducing IP Multicast Routing Introducing PIM Describing PIM-DM Describing PIM-SM Summary tra Explaining Multicast Routing Protocols in co m IGMP and Layer Issues Multicast Configuration and Verification w ci w w Overview Objectives Introducing IPv6 Overview Objectives Explaining IPv6 Describing IPv6 Features Summary iv Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v3.0 7-31 7-31 7-31 7-32 7-33 7-38 7-39 7-40 7-42 7-45 7-47 Overview Objectives Enabling PIM-SM and PIM Sparse-Dense Mode on an Interface Verifying IGMP Groups and IGMP Snooping Configure a Router to Be a Member of a Group or a Statically Connected Member Summary Module Summary Module Self-Check Module Self-Check Answer Key Implementing IPv6 7-17 7-17 7-18 7-23 7-26 7-28 7-29 7-30 7-47 7-47 7-48 7-58 7-58 7-66 7-67 7-69 7-71 8-1 8-1 8-1 8-3 8-3 8-3 8-4 8-5 8-9 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc Defining IPv6 Addressing 8-11 Overview Objectives Describing IPv6 Addressing Architecture Defining Address Representation IPv6 Address Types Examples: Multiple ISPs and LANs with Multiple Routers Summary Overview Objectives Defining Host Interface Addresses Use of EUI-64 Format in IPv6 Addresses IPv6 over Data Link Layers EUI-64 to IPv6 Interface Identifier Explaining IPv6 Multicast Addresses That Are Not Unique IPv6 Mobility Mobile IPv6 Model Summary 8-21 in co m Implementing Dynamic IPv6 Addresses Using IPv6 with OSPF and Other Routing Protocols w ci sc o tra Overview Objectives Describing IPv6 Routing OSPF and IPv6 How OSPF for IPv6 Works Comparing OSPF for IPv6 to OSPFv2 LSA Types for IPv6 LSAs Address Prefix Introducing OSPFv3 Configuration Configuring OSPFv3 Defining an OSPF IPv6 Area Range Verifying OSPFv3 Summary Using IPv6 with IPv4 8-21 8-21 8-22 8-22 8-23 8-24 8-27 8-29 8-33 8-33 8-35 8-37 8-37 8-37 8-38 8-43 8-43 8-44 8-50 8-50 8-52 8-53 8-55 8-57 8-59 8-65 8-67 w w Overview Objectives Describing IPv6-to-IPv4 Transition Mechanisms Other Tunneling and Transition Mechanisms Describing IPv6-over-IPv4 Tunneling Mechanisms and IPv4 Addresses in IPv6 Format NAT-PT BIA and BIS Summary Module Summary © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc 8-11 8-11 8-12 8-16 8-17 8-18 8-20 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v3.0 8-67 8-67 8-68 8-75 8-76 8-77 8-78 8-79 8-81 v in co m tra sc o w ci w w vi Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v3.0 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc Module in co m Manipulating Routing Updates Overview tra This module explains why it is necessary to manipulate routing information During route redistribution between IP routing domains, suboptimal routing can occur without manipulation There are also times when routing information would waste bandwidth on a router interface because routing information is not needed sc o This module provides a description and examples of methods to implement the controls described above with Cisco Systems devices Module Objectives Explain what route distribution is and why it may be necessary Configure route redistribution between multiple IP routing protocols Configure dynamic routing protocol updates for passive interfaces and distribute lists w w ci Upon completing this module, you will be able to manipulate routing and packet flow This ability includes being able to meet these objectives: w Describe and configure DHCP services in co m tra sc o w ci w w 5-2 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v3.0 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc Lesson in co m Operating a Network Using Multiple IP Routing Protocols tra Overview sc o Simple routing protocols work well for simple networks, but as networks grow and become more complex, it may be necessary to change routing protocols Often the transition between routing protocols takes place gradually, so there are multiple routing protocols that are operating in the network for variable lengths of time This lesson examines several reasons for using more than one routing protocol w ci It is important to understand how to exchange routing information between these routing protocols and how Cisco routers operate in a multiple routing-protocol environment This lesson describes migration from one routing protocol to another and how Cisco routers make route selections when multiple protocols are active in the network Objectives w Upon completing this lesson, you will be able to explain what route distribution is and why it may be necessary This ability includes being able to meet these objectives: Explain the need to use multiple IP routing protocols Define route redistribution Identify the seed metrics that are used by various routing protocols w Tunneling in co m Tunneling is an integration method where an IPv6 packet is encapsulated within another protocol, such as IPv4 This method of encapsulation is IPv4 protocol 41: • This method includes a 20-byte IPv4 header with no options and an IPv6 header and payload • This method is considered dual stacking © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved BSCI v3.0—8-6 tra Tunneling is an integration method where an IPv6 packet is encapsulated within another protocol, such as IPv4 This method of encapsulation is IPv4 protocol 41: This method includes a 20-byte IPv4 header with no options and an IPv6 header and payload This method is considered dual stacking This process enables the connection of IPv6 islands without the need to also convert an intermediary network to IPv6 Tunneling presents these two issues: A tunneled network is often difficult to troubleshoot Tunneling is an intermediate integration and transition technique that should not be considered a final solution Native IPv6 architecture should be the ultimate goal w w — The maximum transmission unit (MTU) is effectively decreased by 20 octets (if the IPv4 header does not contain any optional field) w ci — sc o 8-72 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v3.0 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc in co m “Isolated” Dual-Stack Host Encapsulation can be done by edge routers between hosts or between a host and a router © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved BSCI v3.0—8-7 tra Encapsulation can be done by edge routers between hosts or between a host and a router This example shows an isolated dual-stack host using an encapsulated tunnel to connect to the edge router of the IPv6 network w w w ci sc o Tunneling will not work if an intermediary node between the two end points of the tunnel, such as a firewall, filters out IPv4 protocol 41, which is the IPv6-over-IPv4 encapsulation © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc Implementing IPv6 8-73 Configured tunnels require: • Dual-stack endpoints in co m Cisco IOS Software Is IPv6-Ready: Configured Tunnel • IPv4 and IPv6 addresses configured at each end © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved BSCI v3.0—8-8 tra In a manually configured tunnel, you configure both the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses statically Perform this configuration on the routers at each end of the tunnel sc o These end routers must be dual stacked, and the configuration cannot change dynamically as network and routing needs change Routing must be set up properly to forward a packet between the two IPv6 networks w w w ci Tunnel endpoints can be unnumbered, but unnumbered endpoints make troubleshooting difficult The IPv4 practice of saving addresses for tunnel endpoints is no longer an issue 8-74 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v3.0 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc in co m Example: Cisco IOS Tunnel Configuration © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved BSCI v3.0—8-9 sc o tra The example shows the configuration of two Cisco Systems routers connected with IPv6-overIPv4 encapsulation The command interface Tunnel0 is used, with the tunnel source and destination specified with the underlying network addresses, which are IPv4 addresses A static IPv6 address is configured on the Tunnel0 interface The command that enables the 6to4 tunneling is tunnel mode ipv6ip Other Tunneling and Transition Mechanisms 6to4: This mechanism uses the reserved prefix 2002::/16 to allow an IPv4 Internetconnected site to create and use a /48 IPv6 prefix based on a single globally routable or reachable IPv4 address Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP): ISATAP allows an IPv4 private intranet (which may or may not be using RFC 1918 addresses) to incrementally implement IPv6 nodes without upgrading the network w w ci Several other automatic tunneling transition mechanisms exist, including these: w Another transition mechanism is Teredo (formerly known as Shipworm) This mechanism tunnels IPv6 datagrams within IPv4 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) This method provides for private IPv4 address use and IPv4 Network Address Translation (NAT) traversal © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc Implementing IPv6 8-75 Describing IPv6-over-IPv4 Tunneling Mechanisms and IPv4 Addresses in IPv6 Format This topic describes how IPv6-over-IPv4 encapsulation works and how to express IPv4 addresses in IPv6 format 6to4 tra • Is an automatic tunnel method in co m Cisco IOS Software Is IPv6-Ready: 6to4 Tunneling © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved sc o • Gives a prefix to the attached IPv6 network BSCI v3.0—8-10 w ci The 6to4 tunneling method automatically establishes the connection of IPv6 islands through an IPv4 network The 6to4 tunneling method applies a valid IPv6 prefix to each IPv6 island, which enables the fast deployment of IPv6 in a corporate network without address retrieval from the Internet service providers (ISPs) or registries w The 6to4 tunneling method requires a special code on the edge routers, but the IPv6 hosts and routers inside the 6to4 site not require new features to support 6to4 Each 6to4 site receives a /48 prefix, which is the concatenation of 0x2002 and the hexadecimal IPv4 address of the edge router w For example, if the IPv4 address of the edge router is 192.168.99.1, the prefix of its IPv6 network is 2002:c0a8:6301::/48, because c0a86301 is the hexadecimal representation of 192.168.99.1 The IPv6 network can substitute any IP address in the space after the first 16-bit section (0x2002) When an IPv6 packet with a destination address in the range of 2002::/16 reaches the 6to4 edge router, the 6to4 edge router extracts the IPv4 address that is embedded in the 2002:: destination address (inserted between the third and sixth octets, inclusive) The 6to4 router then encapsulates the IPv6 packet in an IPv4 packet with the destination IPv4 address that was extracted from inside the IPv6 destination address This IPv4 address represents the address of the other 6to4 edge router of the destination 6to4 site The destination edge router decapsulates the IPv6 packet in the IPv4 packet and then forwards the native packet toward its final destination Note 8-76 2002::/16 is the address range specifically assigned to 6to4 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v3.0 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc in co m Translation—NAT-PT • NAT-Protocol Translation (NAT-PT) is a translation mechanism that sits between an IPv6 network and an IPv4 network • The job of the translator is to translate IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets and vice versa © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved BSCI v3.0—8-11 tra For legacy equipment that will not be upgraded to IPv6 and for some deployment scenarios, techniques that can connect IPv4-only nodes on IPv6-only nodes are available Translation is basically an extension of NAT techniques sc o NAT-PT w ci NAT-Protocol Translation (NAT-PT) is a translation mechanism that sits between an IPv6 network and an IPv4 network The job of the translator is to translate IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets and vice versa The Stateless IP/Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Translation (SIIT) algorithm translates the IP header fields NAT handles the IP address translation This example shows static NAT-PT translations NAT-PT translations may also be mapped dynamically based on DNS queries using a DNS application level gateway (DNS ALG) w w The example shows the translation of an IPv6 datagram sent from node A to node D From the perspective of node A, it is establishing a communication to another IPv6 node One advantage of NAT-PT is that no modifications are required on IPv6 node A; all it needs to know is the IPv6 address mapping to the IPv4 address of node D This mapping can be obtained dynamically from the DNS server IPv4 node D can also send a datagram to node A by using the IPv4 address mapped to the IPv6 address of node A Again, from the perspective of node D, it is establishing IPv4 communication with its correspondent Again, node D requires no modification Other possible solutions are as follows: ALGs: This method uses a dual-stack approach and enables a host in an IPv6-only domain to send data to another host in an IPv4-only domain It requires that all application servers on a gateway run IPv6 API: You can install a specific module in a host TCP/IP stack for every host on the network The module intercepts IP traffic through an API and converts it for the IPv6 counterpart © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc Implementing IPv6 8-77 BIA and BIS Bump-in-the-API (BIA) and Bump-in-the-Stack (BIS) are localized implementations of NAT-PT They provide support for translation from upper layers that are IPv4-only down through the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) layers to the stack These implementations intercept either API calls or packets in the stack and translate them on the fly Only IPv6 packets will travel out on the wire Also note that not all applications will work with BIA or BIS solutions w w w ci sc o tra in co m FTP, which embeds IP addresses in the packet payload, would not work The outer IP addresses and packets would be translated by BIA or BIS, but the embedded (IPv6) addresses would not (going back up the stack), which would not work for an IPv4-only FTP application 8-78 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v3.0 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc Summary This topic summarizes the key points that were discussed in this lesson Summary • The two most common techniques to make the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 are dual stack and IPv6-to-IPv4 (6-to-4) tunnels BSCI v3.0—8-12 w w w ci sc o © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved tra in co m • Tunneling IPv6 traffic over an IPv4 network requires one edge router to encapsulate the IPv6 packet inside an IPv4 packet and another router to decapsulate it Transition methods from IPv4 to IPv6 include dual-stack operation, protocol translation, and 6to4 tunnels © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc Implementing IPv6 8-79 in co m tra sc o w ci w w 8-80 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v3.0 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc Module Summary This topic summarizes the key points that were discussed in this module Module Summary • IPv6 has numerous features and functions that make it a superior alternative to IPv4 • IPv6 provides a larger address space in a hexadecimal format in co m • The IPv6 addresses can be obtained by IPv6 hosts dynamically utilizing autoconfiguration • IPv6 will require new versions of RIP, EIGRP, IS-IS, BGP, and OSPF BSCI v3.0—8-1 sc o © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved tra • IPv4-to-IPv6 transition methodologies will include dual stack and tunneling, with 6to4 tunneling being prevalent w ci This module is an intense overview of IP version (IPv6), beginning with why it will become the protocol of choice in the future and the benefits of that choice The changes in the addressing format and the packet header format were discussed in detail, including autoconfiguration and the role of the multicast address A major portion of the module was devoted to describing routing IPv6 All possible routing protocols were defined and Open Shortest Path First Protocol (OSPF) for IPv6 was covered in more detail The transition strategies to migrate from IPv4 to IPv6 were defined as well w w Throughout the module, Cisco IOS configuration, verification, and troubleshooting commands were shown © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc Implementing IPv6 8-81 in co m tra sc o w ci w w 8-82 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v3.0 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc Module Self-Check Use the questions here to review what you learned in this module The correct answers and solutions are found in the Module Self-Check Answer Key Which of the following is NOT an advantage of IPv6 compared to IPv4? (Source: Introducing IPv6) A) B) C) D) A) B) C) D) Q3) NAT is not available with IPv6 IPv6 addresses not have a private address space IPv6 allows all users in an enterprise to have a global address Hexadecimal addresses cannot be translated How will IPv6 enable smaller routing tables in Internet routers? (Source: Introducing IPv6) A) B) C) D) Q4) in co m Why is NAT not a requirement for IPv6? (Source: Introducing IPv6) defined aggregation points in the address space a new routing protocol autoconfiguration site local addresses tra Q2) larger address space shorter header simpler header support for IPsec on every link How can consecutive chunks of zeros be condensed in an IPv6 address? (Source: Defining IPv6 Addressing) with the “:::” symbol by eliminating leading zeros by replacing each four consecutive zeros with a single zero with the “::” symbol w ci A) B) C) D) sc o Q1) w w Q5) Q6) Which type of IPv6 address is a global unicast address assigned to more than one interface? (Source: Defining IPv6 Addressing) A) B) C) D) anycast unicast multicast broadcast Which address type from IPv4 was eliminated in IPv6? (Source: Defining IPv6 Addressing) A) B) C) D) © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc unicast multicast broadcast everycast Implementing IPv6 8-83 Which statement is true about the EUI-64 address format of the system ID for stateless autoconfiguration used by Cisco? (Source: Implementing Dynamic IPv6 Addresses) A) B) C) D) E) Which two of the following are attributes of an IPv6 multicast address? (Choose two.) (Source: Implementing Dynamic IPv6 Addresses) Q9) What is it called when an IPv6 router is involved in providing an IPv6 address to a requesting host? (Source: Implementing Dynamic IPv6 Addresses) A) B) C) D) E) Q10) w ci A) B) C) D) FF02::6 FF02::5 FF02::1 FF02::2 What are the two new LSAs in IPv6 OSPF? (Choose two.) (Source: Using IPv6 with OSPF and Other Routing Protocols) A) B) C) D) 8-84 IGRP6 OSPFv3 EIGRP for IPv6 RIPng ODR MP-BGP4 Which OSPFv3 address is the equivalent of 224.0.0.5 in OSPFv2? (Source: Using IPv6 with OSPF and Other Routing Protocols) w w Q12) auto addressing link local IPv6 NAT standard stateless autoconfiguration DHCP autoconfiguration Which two of the following are NOT IPv6 routing protocols? (Choose two.) (Source: Using IPv6 with OSPF and Other Routing Protocols) A) B) C) D) E) F) Q11) It begins with FFOO::/8 It identifies a group of interfaces The multicast group ID consists of the last 120 bits of the address Scoping is defined by the Time to Live field Multicast addressing is used in IPv6 to define well-known duplicate addresses in co m A) B) C) D) E) tra Q8) It is the MAC address plus the Site-Level Aggregator It is the MAC address plus the ISO OUI It expands the 48-bit MAC address to 64 bits by inserting FFFE into the middle 16 bits It does not follow IEEE standards for uniqueness of the address It is only used by Cisco sc o Q7) interarea prefix LSA interarea router LSA link LSA intra-area prefix LSA Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v3.0 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc What are the two most common IPv4-to-IPv6 transition techniques? (Choose two.) (Source: Using IPv6 with IPv4) A) B) C) D) Q14) Which is the global command that enables IPv6 or dual stack in a Cisco router? (Source: Using IPv6 with IPv4) A) B) C) D) Q15) IPv6 NAT dual stack 6to4 tunnels IPv6 mobile ipv6 routing ipv6 unicast-routing ipv6 address ipv6 dual stack in co m Q13) Which two statements are true regarding dual stack? (Choose two.) (Source: Using IPv6 with IPv4) A new API replaces gethostbyname and gethostbyaddr calls Tunneling is automatic Dual stack prefers IPv4 over IPv6 IPv4 cannot be used while converting to IPv6 The stack to use is chosen based on destination address w w w ci sc o tra A) B) C) D) E) © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc Implementing IPv6 8-85 Q2) C Q3) A Q4) D Q5) A Q6) C Q7) C Q8) A, B Q9) D Q10) A, E Q11) B Q12) C, D Q13) B, C Q14) B Q15) A, E tra B w w w ci sc o Q1) in co m Module Self-Check Answer Key 8-86 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v3.0 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc ... is advertising subnets 10. 1 .0. 0, 10. 2 .0. 0, and 10 .3. 0. 0 to router B Router C is in the OSPF domain and is advertising subnets 10. 8 .0. 0, 10. 9 .0. 0, 10. 10. 0 .0, and 10. 11 .0. 0 to router B w The configuration... Internetworks (BSCI) v3 .0 6-1 6-1 6 -3 6 -3 6 -3 6-5 6-7 6- 10 6-11 6-12 6- 13 6- 13 6-14 6-14 6-15 6-17 6-18 6-22 6-24 6-25 6-25 6-25 6-26 6-27 6-28 6-28 6-29 6-29 6 - 30 6 -31 6 -31 6 -31 6 -32 6 -33 6 -35 6 -35 6 -35 ... the Ethernet link to router D is 100 So, the cost for networks 1 .0. 0 .0, 2 .0. 0 .0, and 3. 0. 0 .0 in router D is the seed metric ( 30 ) plus the link cost ( 100 ) = 1 30 Notice that the metrics of the three