Reinforced Concrete Design_ to Eurocode 2 6th ed. 2007 Edition

• • Reinforced concrete design to Eurocode r-1 t Other titles of interest to civil engineers: Civil Engineering Materials, fifth edition EDITED BY N JACKSON & R K DHIR Civil Engineering Quantities, sixth edition H SEELEY Design of Structural Elements w M c McKENZIE Design of Structural Timber to EC5, second edition w M c McKENZIE & B ZHANG w M c McKENZ IE Design of Structural Steelwork w M c McKE N ZIE Design of Structural Masonry Engineering Hydrology, fourth edition E M WIL SO N Highway Traffic Analysis and Design, third edition R.J SALTER & H B HOUNSEll Soil Mechanics, second edition G E BARNES Structural Mechanics, second edition R HULSE & J A CAIN J UR EN &: w F PRI CE DES CH AND J M DINWOOD IE Surveying for Engineers, fourth edition Timber, seventh edition H E Understanding Hydraulics, second edition Understanding Structures, third edition LES HAM ILL DEREK SEWA RD m ~jjj t·:< ~~ f::~ i~li ··············································· ···· ····· ·· ······ ········A Reinforced concrete design to Eurocode SIXT H ED ITI ON • BILL MOSLEY FORMERLY NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UN IVERSITY, SINGAPORE AND DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENG INEER ING UN IVE RSITY OF LIVERPOOL JOHN BUNGEY DEPARTMENT OF ENGIN EE RIN G UN IVERSITY OF LIV ERPOOL RAY HULSE FORMER LY FACULTY OF ENG IN EERING AND COMPUTIN G COVENTRY UN IVERSITY pal grave macmillan ! • W H Mosley and J H Bungey 1976, 1982, 1987, 1990 f ' W H Mosley, J H Bungey and R Hulse 1999, 2007 All rights reserved No reproduction, copy or transmission of th is publication may be made without written permission No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence perm itting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 4LP Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages The authors have asserted their right to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 First published 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMillAN is the global academic Imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St Martin's Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan ltd Macmillan is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other coun•rics Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries ISBN·13 978- 0- 230-50071- ISBN-10 0- 230- 50071- This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the co~1ntry of origin A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library A catalog record for this book Is available from the Library of Congress Library Of Congress Catalogue Card Number - 2007023349 10 16 15 14 13 Printed in China 12 11 10 09 08 •••• • .•.• • ••.••.•••.••.::··~ Contents Preface Notation X Properties of reinforced concrete 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 page viii Composite action Stress-strain relations Shrinkage and thermal movement Creep Durability Specification of materials Limit state design 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Limit states Characteristic material strengths and characteristic loads Partial factors of safety Combination of actions Global factor of safety Analysis of the structure at the ultimate limit state 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Actions Load combinations and pattern s Analysis of beams Analysis of frames Shear wall structures resisting horizontal loads Redistribution of moments Analysis of the section 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Stress- strain relations Distribution of strains and stresses across a section in bending Bending and the equivalent rectangular stress block Singly reinforced rectangular section in bending at the ultimate limit stale 4.5 Rectangular section with compression reinforcement at the ultimate limit state 4.6 Flanged seclion in bending at the ultimate limit state 4.7 Moment redistribution and the design equations 4.8 Bending plus axial load at the ultimate limit state 4.9 Rectangular- parabolic stress block 4.10 Triangular stress block 10 11 11 15 16 17 18 23 27 28 29 30 31 38 48 53 58 59 60 62 63 67 72 79 83 91 93 vi ?-! · Contents Shear, bond and torsion 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Shear Anchorage bond Laps in reinforcement Analysis of section subject to torsional moments Serviceability, durability and stability requirements 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 Detailing requirements Span-effective depth ratios Calculation of deflection Flexural cracking Thermal and shrinkage cracking Other serviceability requirements Limitation of damage caused by accidental loads Design and detailing for seismic effects Design of reinforced concrete beams 7.1 7.2 Preliminary analysis and member sizing Design for bending of a rectangular section with no moment redistribution 7.3 Design for bending of a rectangular section with moment redistribution 7.4 Flanged beams 7.5 One-span beams 7.6 Design for shear 7.7 Continuous beams 7.8 Cantilever beams and corbels 7.9 Curtailment and anchorage of reinforcing bars 7.10 Design for torsion 7.11 Servi ceability and durability requirements Design of reinforced concrete slabs 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 Shear in slabs Span- effective depth ratios Reinforcement details Solid slabs spanning in one direction Solid slabs spanning in two directions Flal slab floors Ribbed and hollow block floors Stair slabs Yield line and strip methods Column design 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.5 9.6 Loading and moments Column classification and failure modes Reinforcement details Short columns resisting moments and axial forces Non-rectangular sections Biaxial bending of short columns 99 100 112 116 118 124 125 133 136 147 153 156 158 163 169 171 174 178 182 186 187 191 197 202 204 208 209 210 216 217 218 223 228 236 241 245 252 253 254 258 260 269 272 ~==~ Contents 9.8 Design of slender columns Walls 275 279 10 Foundations and retaining walls 281 285 291 295 296 299 300 304 308 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 11 Pad footings Combined footings Strap footings Strip footings Raft foundations Piled foundations Design of pile caps Retaining walls Prestressed concrete 11.1 Principles of prestressing 11 Methods of prestressing 11 Analysis of concrete section under working loads 11 Design for the serviceability limit state 11 An alysis and design at the ultimate limit state 12 Composite construction 2.1 2.2 12.3 2.4 12.5 12.6 The design procedure Design of lhe steel beam for conditions during cons truction The composite section at the ultimate limit state Design of shear connectors Transverse reinforcement in the concrete flange Deflection checks at the serviceability limit state Appendix Furt her reading Index 319 321 322 324 329 353 369 372 373 376 381 385 388 393 403 405 vii .• • • Preface The purpose of this book is to provide a straightforward introduction to the principles and methods of design for concrete structures lL is directed primari ly at students and young engineers who require an understandi ng of the basic theory and a conci~e guide to design procedures Although the detailed design methods arc generally according to European Standards (Curococles), much or the theory and practkc is of a l"undamental nature and should, therefore be usel"ul Lo engineers in countries outside Europe The search for harmonisation of Tech nical Standards across the E uropean Community (EC) hw; led LO the clevelopmeut or a seri es o r these SrrtrC/11./"(i/ Eurocodes which arc the technical documents intended for adoption throughout all the member states The use of these common standards is intended to tower trncle barriers and enable companies to compete on a more equitable basis throughout the EC Eurocode (EC2) deals with the design of concrete structures, whit.:h has most recently been covered in the UK by British Standard BS811 B$8 11 is scheduled for withdrawal in 2008 Eurocode which will consist of parts also adopts the limit state principles established in British Standards This hook refers primarily to part I , dealing with general rules for buildings curol"ode must he used in conjunction with other European Standard: including Eurocodc (Basis of Oc!;ign) that deals with analysis and Eurocode I (Actions) that covers loadings on ~tructurcs Other relevant Standards are Eurocode (Geotechnical Design) and Eurocodc (Seismic Design) Several UK bodies have also produced a range or supporting documents giving the requirements of the code commentary and hackground explanation for some Further supporting documentation includes, for each separate country, the Nati01wl Annex which includes informat ion specinc to the incli vicluaJ member stotes and is l'upported in the UK by Lhe British Standards publicmion PD 66B7:2006 which provides huckground informnrion Adcli tionn lly, the Briti sh Cement Association has produced "111