RESEARCH PAPER: self Study form 913

RESEARCH PAPER Topic: SELF STUDY PART I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Reason for choosing the topic: In the era when science and technology developed rapidly, the school is not good enough to meet all the learning needs of students as well as the increasing demands of social life Therefore, fostering students' self-study capacity is an extremely important job in the university Only selflearning, self-enrichment of knowledge in many ways, different ways each student can compensate for the lack of scientific knowledge about social life Since then, there is confidence in life, work because of his comprehensive capacity The issue of self-study of learners has been deeply studied by the Party and State for many years Resolutions of the Central Vth Session clearly stated: “To focus on improving the quality of teaching and learning, creating self-learning ability, self-creation of students, ensuring all conditions and time for self-study for students , develop self-learning, self-training regularly and widely throughout the people.” We can see that self-education and self-education are key issues that are extremely important in the education and training strategy of the country Within the framework of this report, we would like to focus on issues related to the concept of self-study, the content of self-learning activities, the forms of self-learning, especially the training Self-study for students In order to promote the process of self-study for students, to contribute to the innovation of teaching methods, to continuously improve the quality of training of the school Self-learning plays a very important role, not only in school education but also in life In school the nature of learning is self-learning, the core of teaching is teaching learning, the student's results are proportional to the self-learning capacity of the learner In addition to improving the learning outcomes, self-learning also facilitates the formation and training of the ability to work independently and creatively by each person, thereby creating conditions and opportunities for lifelong learning Self-learning is a necessity, a necessity of everyone in today's age, so the most important goal of the school is not equipping learners with knowledge but self-learning 1.2 Some specific evidence In the lecture on self-learning for students in vocational schools and colleges, Prof Dr Thai Duy Tuyen writes: “Self-learning is an independent activity to gain knowledge, skills and skills is to brainstorm, to think, to use the intellectual powers (observation, comparison, analysis, synthesis ) and the motivational and emotional qualities to gain knowledge of a field of understanding know something or experience the history and society of mankind, turning it into the possession of the learner himself ” The author Nguyen Ky in the Journal of Educational Research No 7/1998 also discusses the concept of self-learning: “Self-learning is active learner actively, self-discovery of knowledge by experience of his actions, self apprear Self-learning is a self-learning, research position, problem solving, problem solving, testing of solutions Selflearning is the process of personalizing learning” In his speech at the workshop on teaching quality improvement held in November 2005 at Hue University, Prof Tran Phuong said: "Learning ever and always is mainly self-learning, ie knowledge science accumulated from generations of humanity into their knowledge, self-improvement of their thinking and training their skills to practice that knowledge From the above concept can be found that the concept of self-study is always accompanied, closely linked with the concept of self The knowledge, experience and skills of each individual are formed only sustainably and effectively through the activities themselves In order to obtain, to achieve perfection, each student must receive knowledge from many sources; Self-training skills; Self-nourishing your soul everywhere at all times 1.3 Explain the topic Although studied long and many in the world, 'learner autonomy' is a controversial term, and sometimes educators and linguists can not fully agree What is the definition of self learning? Some famous researchers define self-learning as follows: Self-learning is the ability to take care of your own learning (Henri Holec) Self-study is a problem of the psychological relationship of learners with learning process and content (David Little) Self-study is a situation in which the learner is fully responsible for all decisions related to learning and implementing those decisions (Leslie Dickinson) Self-learning is a recognition of the rights of learners in the education system (Phil Benson) " Although there are many ways to define, the main problem is that we view self-learning as the means or ultimate goal These two views are intertwined and both can be part of our perspective on learning a language or learning in general 1.4 Concepts of self-learning Ho Chi Minh is a bright example of self-study The concept of self-study, he said: "Self-learning is the way to learn automatically" and "must learn automatically learning." According to him: "automatic learning" means self-learning completely self-control, no one waiting for reminders, not waiting for anyone to assign tasks themselves to plan their own learning plan, then self I implemented it, implemented it self-conscious, self-master of time to learn and self-assessment of their own learning." In learning and teaching, Professor Nguyen Canh Toan said: "Self-learning is self-brainstorming, thinking, using intellectual abilities and sometimes even muscles and other qualities of learners, both emotional motives, human life world view to occupy a certain knowledge of mankind, turning that knowledge into own possession According to Nguyen Ky, "Self-learning is to put oneself in learning situations, in the position of self-study, handle situations, solve problems: identify information processing problems, present knowledge, develop solutions to solve problems, handle situations ".A ```GS - TSKH Thai Duy Tuyen affirmed: "Self-learning is an independent activity of knowledge, skills, techniques, is to brainstorm, think, use the intellectual capacity (observation, comparison comparing, analyzing, synthesizing ) and the motor and emotional qualities to gain knowledge of a certain field of knowledge or social history experiences of mankind, "Study subjects for self-study for students in professional secondary schools and colleges and universities In summary, the synthesis of self-study concepts of authors can offer the concept of self-study as follows: "Self-learning is self-brainstorming thinking, using mental abilities (observation, comparison Comparisons, analysis, synthesis, ) and sometimes muscles (using practical tools), and personal qualities such as motivation, emotion, humanity, worldview not be afraid to have difficulty, have the mind, patience, patience, passion for science, ) to occupy a certain field of knowledge of mankind, turning that field into own possession " ( Lê Triệu Vỹ) Independent thinking skill Independent thinking skill is one of the most important for student who wants to self-study Independent thinker step up learn for each subject because they understand that the results they achieve Americans are seriously to educating student about their ability to independent thinking, they believe that all student of university who need to be able to think independently are good at learning in school For example, a number of the subject is not enough to transmit knowledge, so that they must be learnt by themselves to enough knowledge With an independent thinking, they can be learnt at home They can finish the subject with higher quickness When students develop thinking skill, it gives them many benefits For example: increase their confident, give them ability to solve problem, help another people to overcome difficulties and develop a higher enthusiasm “Why does Vietnam need research?” (Darriulat,2007) The question is not common question, it shows almost of student in Viet Nam doesn’t active study They lack about thinking, and creating They’ve just “a bill” or “idea, even mission” to decide by a person who have more economy or politicked No one accept the education of student go to school to receive passive knowledge, etc And create more and more citizen does not have independent thinking, maybe they will become slave How can student to avoid thinking that? Frist, student should be practice thinking, means that they must know the true or wrong in knowledge Independent thinking might be practice and course, and they can apply to subject in school Second, student can teach each other and help them improve their oral communication skills Then, the other student in class might learn more when they are being taught by friend Student usually advantages of hearing these ideas being explained and in way that might be closer to student of thinking Third, student might ask open ended questions, The open question help them think and solve about it, for example: what is freedom?, what should be your sight as a citizen? Thanks to it, student can be showed their independent thinking skill has improved (Nguyễn Hoàng Minh Mẫn) Analysis problems Referring to self study, it is matter of self-analysis and problem solving This is a skill that students need to know how to separate existing information and analyze them in the right direction in the most detailed way to get more complete information Instead of teacher cramming too much knowledge for students , just give the basic concept From that concept students look for their own problems and find the answer questions A father asked his son’s teacher: “why not you let the students remember important knowledge?” The teacher smiled: “For human creativity, two things are more important than memorization The first is to know where to go to find the knowledge the need rather than the knowledge to remember Secondly, it is necessary to know the synthesis of that knowledge in order to carry out its own creative activity Roughly memorizing the ropes not only enhances the knowledge, but also can not make people smarter This is my point of view” (30 methods to aid your children learn well , Kim Dung , p.98 ) Training methods: Recognize of the problem When faced with a problem in learning or life, the first thing a student need to is to look at the problem: what does this matter say? What new knowledge? When students see the problem, they can feel their knowledge is not enough to solve but it is really a challenge The students will have to collect information, learn new concepts, rules and skills to solve problems Determine the goal When defining a goal, it is important to determine how you can solve the problem, what you not know, can not be resolved Be sure to identify what you really know and take strengths, consider or note the strengths List the possible solution Students should present as many methods as possible so that they have many better options than the first solution to achieve a goals that were previously determined List them and sort out the strongest to the weakest Choose the best option or the highest probability of success Simplify things One problem has many facets so students need to learn how to simplify it Seek out simple solutions from which students can be amazed at the results achieved Reassess the results of the problem A reassessment of the result of the problem is that the student summarizes his resolution process from the source determination until the problem is resolved This gives the students an overview of the whole problem , the solution, the resolution options, the implementation process From then on , the students will be able to draw on the experience for himself and solve problems later In general, problem analysis is essential for student’s self-study , as they help student learn better and remember longer term lessons In addition, the students self-analysis and understanding also help student actively solve Reading book Some student haven’t known how to read book yet The method to read book is very important to self study Reading is not enough, we need to read follow the right way so that we can understand all the information of the books If we read the book in the wrong way, there will be no results , waste the time and effort , sometimes it makes us decrease memory and slow thinking There are many methods to start the reading book effectively Firstly, determining the purpose of reading books Students haven’t much time to read book , so they must specify the target what book they should read If only help to their studies but also improve their life In addition, reading purpose also helps children to read properly , match the task and the time available for reading Determining the purpose of reading to answer the question : reading book what to ? From that point we can answer the question: which book you need? How to read ? The purpose of reading also determines the direction of exploitation of the problem in the book For instance , “ when we read the Truyen Kieu , we chose another purpose to read that writings like someone investigates the life of Thuy Kieu and the plot , someone approves to read it that learns about culture life, custom , habits , ritual feudal Some people seek criticism of the prejudices and laws that oppress the woman “ [ 30 phương pháp giúp học tập tốt , Kim Dung ] , [ 30 methods to aid your children learn well , Kim Dung ] Secondly, we have determined the purpose but we shouldn’t read it rushingly Before reading we need to read thoroughly around the book Rea ding the book’s catalog is also important Reading the index gives us an overview of the book Ausubel has done an experiment as follows: In a university, he divided metallurgical into two groups The first group will study metallurgy from the first day The second group will give a general explanation of what “ metallurgy is “ beginning to learn As a result , the second group finally outperformed the first group ( 30 methods to aid your children learn well , Kim Dung , p.199 ) From this experiment , we can see that when the teacher introduces the whole concept of the lesson , the student will learn the lesson better Although the lesson may still not fully understand the meaning of the lesson, it will still help to advance the learning process After we have thoroughly examined the content of the book , the methods of reading will help us absorb and exploit the value of the book Here are some effective reading methods 1) Selective reading 2) Deep reading 3) Skimming 4) Finding keyword If we read the book properly , we will have a lot of benefits from reading books Especially the self study of students First , brain promotion Scientific studies have shown that regular reading can slow down the aging process lowering the likelihood of Alzheimer’s Like any body, the brain needs to be active to stay healthy Second, provide knowledge Whether read actively or passively, that knowledge we are less or less Books provide useful knowledge for reader a factor that contributes to the improvement of many aspects of life such as career, finance, health… Third, expand your vocabulary Read as much as you can from capital Fluency in communication is one of the key determinants of success in life The more you speak, the more confident you are Research has shown that people with good vocabulary are promoted faster than those who have poor communication the problem encountered, more over, help the mind flexible and quick thinking (Nguyễn Như Hùng) Self-knowledge Self-knowledge is the most wasted time when student self-study The knowledges and skills are formed slowly or quickly, grape the problem of swallow or deep, wide or narrow… It includes: how to approach of information, process information, the intellection of knowledge, use the knowledge and generalize for information Student usually choice and receive information from various sources by reading book, using the internet, collecting workshop,… Reading is the most inexpensive and effective self study method When working with books, we must use the full power and presence of brain activity, an optimal activity in the process of self-learning In spite of receiving knowledge, student can open, ask question or make suggestion after reading the book or at least to write and expert of knowledge It's a creative of reading Information processing in the process of self-learning never happens in the unconscious, which requires the procession, the new processing can be used This process can be carried out by analyzing, evaluating, summarizing, compiling, comparing In the application of scientific knowledge information to solve related problems such as practice exercises, discussion, handling situations, writing harvest, study, general students often encounter many difficulties At times, a large amount of document is found but the classification of content to interpret a problem is not possible In this case, the problem should be limited to a limit not too broad It is important to focus on a particular issue in order to discover what is new, practical, and satisfying In this stage, the choice and change of the form of thinking to find the optimal way for every subject is also very necessary The exchange of experiences, the sharing of knowledge and oral knowledge in the form of workshops, scientific reports, discussions, lectures, debates the final work of the knowledge acquisition process This activity helps the learner to shape and develop the presentation skills (verbal or written) for learners Help learners to be proactive, confident in communicating behaviors, developing cooperative skills and good teamwork In addition to the above mentioned skills, students set up the plan their studies to be able to reach the plan, in accordance with their conditions Of course, they can adjust when conditions change In that, there is a distinction between main tasks, extra task Listening and writing are the skills that everyone must use in the learning process The level of listening and writing of learners is not the same in different subjects It directly affects the learning process However, this is a problem that no one has ever studied before Each person has to practice their abit of reading to obtain the necessary information about the subject Student usually carry passive learning, is acquainted with listening and writing each other, even many students are waiting for teacher read the content of the lesson In fact, learners should be concentrated high thought to be able to understand the problem in the most scientific way Student can train to be the mobilize capital, use to speed write in the short form, underline, the main ideas or important points Study at home Need to find a quiet place, avoid noise You should choose a fixed period of study and create a habit of learning that time In addition, there should be a reasonable schedule, combining study and entertainment, such as a light music, or a workout If you learn the hard part to understand, leave, learn other parts easier to understand, or relaxing, relaxed then learn Review the lesson Review the lesson means lesson learned, review it It helps students reconsolidate their knowledge and not waste time According to the experts, the most forgotten knowledge usually occurs in the first or days, so the best time to review the lesson done within 24 hours To approved information, German psychologist Ebbinghaus conducted an experiment and discovered: after hour, only 44%the information was remembered, 33% remembered the next day, 28% remembered the second day People usually forget the knowledge in order first lastly than second For effective to review, students need remember this lesson which they studied It operates to test recalled by teachers in class, combining textbooks and notebooks, students will understand the lesson From there, students can find answers to their questions during their studies It also gives students to think independently While recollecting the lessons, both the experience of thinking and the lesson are learned The brain stimulated more activity Thus, the habit of recollecting is not only improves memory, but also fosters the habit of thinking and learning for students After remembering, students need to research the lesson in book, because the content of book is the most generalizes When student research the book, they can use the pen to check these important contents, these new ideas, these things that they forget or writing important things in the lesson This will be good for remembering because these note can help their remember contents in lesson or subject when they read again Reminder - Student need to review the lesson instantly If not, the content will become strange, and much more time to learn it - Reviewing the concepts, recipes, rules, … think about how they formed and effective that, condition, the ways of demonstrating,… Thank to these question, student will remember more and longer - Students must to revise the lesson many times When they learned the lesson, they revised When they learned chapter or term, they learned it again Until the final exam, the relationship between the knowledge in the student does not easily disappear - The revision needs to be follow its own thinking, by that student needs to write summation for the subject - Student must the exercises when they revise the lesson The purpose of doing exercises is to check the effective the review, improve student to solve the problem and use the knowledge of their (Nguyễn Hoàng Minh Mẫn) Self-study affair in the world Self-study has been created by human very early At that age, they already cared about how to make the learners study hard, actively memorize lessons of teacher Montaigne one said:” Better that the teachers let the students study by themselves, step forward by themselves” From the XVII century, J.A Comensky (1592-1670); G.Brousseau (1712-1778); J.H Pestalozzi (1746-1872); A.Disterweg (1790-1866), in their studied researches were all concentrate on the positivity, independence, creativity of the students and emphasize that there should be the encouragement for the learners to acquire knowledge by discovering, finding and thinking in learning The development rapidly of psychology in the XX century, many teaching methods were born It asserts the decisive role of the students in learning, lowered the function of the teachers and also complicated the teaching process In the other side, these methods require a highly standard from the learner and the teacher so that it is difficult to widely deploy Since the middle of the 70s there have been books or articles on this subject (Benn, S I wrote “Freedom, Autonomy and the Concept of the Person” , 1976; ; Holec H wrote “Autonomy in Foreign Language Learning”, 1981) Beside the process very quickly of the science, scientific education has many considered progress One of that progress is the closer connection between traditional teaching( teachers are the people launching the information, students receive information through the lesson on the class) and the modern teaching points( students are the positive subject, teachers are the instructor) Educators from the United States and the Western Europe at this time unified agree the role of the learners in teaching process, and also assert the role of the teachers, methods and facilities in education The learner synopsis at this time is no longer important like before, but still being noticed According to J.Dewey:” Learners are the sun, surrounding it is all the educational facilities” The thought” student-centered” was concretized into many specific methods such as cooperative method, active method, the method of rising issue, but positive method is researched and developed the most According to this method, teacher plays the role stimulate the curiosity, promote student to self-active Therefore, learners are the center in teaching process, and teachers are an expert of learning In general, the thought “student-centered” in the process of teaching in particular and the education in general requires the combination between many methods, and the “active method” is the most essential element This is the cornerstone to take measures self-study ability of the students Having the agreement of the point of view ahead, the Soviet educators confirmed the huge potential role of self-activity in school Especially, many author studied how to efficiently improve the self-study of learners Self-study in Viet Nam The issue of self-study in Vietnam has also been noted for a long time At the beginning of the feudal period, the education was not develop but had many talented people Beside the well teaching of expert teachers, the most important element is self-learning That’s why they give prominence to self-study, respect successful self-study examples But in general, the way to educate has limited” learners found the imitation, exact but not creative, learners learned by heart, etc ” At the French regime, although the Western education developed strongly, ours still slowly innovated Self-study issue was not studied and popular, but in reality appeared the highly self learning need in many social classes The issue of true self-study was launched seriously, widely from the revolutionary education was born (1945), president Ho Chi Minh was the one beginning about morale and teaching method He one said:” you must study when you are living” No doubt to say that self-study is the brilliant idea of Ho Chi Minh, the valuable instruction, the durable and successful self-taught example of him and the prince has unchanged so far In the 60s of the XX century, the thought about self-learning was presented directly and indirectly in psychological, educational study Some typical works are Nguyen, C.T “Discuss about selfstudy experience,(1997)”, Tran Kieu, Nguyen Ba Kiem, Thai Duy Tien, Bui Van Nghi,ect… Professor, doctor of science is one of the biggest examples of self-study in Vietnam From the high school teacher (1947), only by self-learning, he became a famous mathematician Not only for basic science, he had many works, articles about education, self-study He supposed:” Learning is always associated with self-learning, self-training to transform our personalities The good teacher is the one teaching students to self-learning, self-educated” Many authors: Nguyen Canh Toan, Nguyen Ky, Vu Van Tao, Bui Hien have asserted: “The selflearning ability of students while still developing is the internal force that determines the development of learners themselves, teacher is the external force, actor, guide, organization, director for students self-study In other words, the process of self-learning, self-study, personalized learning of the student must be combined with the teacher's teaching and the process of your collaboration in the classroom, ie the process of socializing learning” Entering the current changing period, self-learning in general, and self-study of students in particular are increasingly concerned and studied because of the important role of self-learning in teaching and learning in the direction of innovation is learner-centered We can refer to Nghia Dan’s article” For creative ability of student”(“ Educational study”, vol.2, 1998.) And teachers at universities also have research to help turn self-study into an indispensable activity in the current teaching and learning process (Trần Ngọc Khôi) Self-study, when done correctly, which can be a very effective learning tool, so it can be helpful when used to prepare for a test or learn an outright subject on your own These are some best advantages of it First, you could find best way to study with high performance of your brain There are a lot of different ways to learn, it may either be studying through books, online journals, or watching tutorials to learn a particular topic Explore the method that makes your brain have a better work, and stick with it With new study methods, you can find out your strengths and weaknesses of study skills By this way, you have to solve problems your own, it could make an amazing creative mind with valuable experiences You will learn things that you will remember for your life time Your I.Q level will be raise up and you can handle all of issues that you cannot solve before With this style of study, you can understand deeply the concept from your point view and expand it through your own way from different angles You can exploit more and more information of your subject that you learn, improve your weaknesses and increase your strengths According to Lailah Gifty Akita (2015), “With self-confidence, self-education and selfdiscipline, you can master the act in any chosen field” Once you are expert at it, you can develop the topic that you learned to more related knowledge Beside those mind effectives, there are amount of skills that you can get when you choose the lone study way like self- organized skill, problem solving skill, self-revise skill, repair and exams skill, self-assess skill,… By lone study, you can schedule the topic and go with it by your own pace You have the liberty to study whatever you want, according to your needs without being restricted by rigid "planned books" made by someone else Moreover, at teaching places, lessons are taught at an average speed, while students have different grasping speeds, so with this kind of studies, you can learn with your own speed It very needed for your knowledge acquisition After got you main topic to be learn, you can schedule time and place to learn by easy way You got your own timetable You don't have to follow the timetable and rules made by someone, just study whenever you want You got your own environment of studying Some feel like reading outside, some studying in library, some may feel comfortable to read louder inside their room, some by listening exercise at the coffee shop Choose the place that you like to study at and enjoy selflearning session Self-study entails far fewer distractions than other kind of studies, the interruption when you study at class or with group in the middle of a session can set you back by several minutes Now, by lone learn, you got your private space and got a good concentration to study better When they see you concentrating with your own work, no one want disturb you You just need to pay a little money when you choose lone-study way You will spend a lot of money to hire tutors or go to the private class You just need the internet and book to have a good self-study session Moreover, it can be free if you use public internet or go to the library to find books, borrow some document from your friends Now you can save a large sum of money if you become a self-learner There are an absolute that knowledge is not only from teachers or tutors You can find a huge valuable material for study from many sources like music, documentary film, books… Especially from the internet which got everything that you need to find After filtered, there would be helpful materials that serve for your study Abraham Lincoln one said: “All I have learned, I learned from books.” The one of best benefits of self-study is it can preparing very much for your future Through self-study, you can build a strong, valued habit for your own future If you build habit study and solo work with concentration, it will also hold you in good stead when you enter job If you can better than others on this count, you will get huge of benefits in future (Phạm Thiên Bảo) References: Darriulat P,2007, [Việt Nam cần trường đại học viện nghiên cứu tốt hơn] [Vietnam in need of better universities and laboratories] retrieved Dec 3rd,2017 from http:// http://ribf.riken.go.jp/~dang/whoarewe/DarriulatVN.htm Duong Thi Thanh Huyen, 2013, [quá trình tự học phương pháp dạy tự học cho sinh viên] [self-learning process and teaching methods for students], retrieved Dec 3rd, 2017 from https://www.slideshare.net/nguyenhoangphucthien/duong-thi-thanh-huyen Tran Minh Trong, 2008, [Cần đam mê tư độc lập nghiên cứu] [Be passionate and need independent thinking in the research], retrieved dec 3rd, 2017 from https://tuoitre.vn/can-dam-me-va-can-ca-tu-duy-doc-lap-trong-nghien-cuu-245526.htm Kim Dung, [ 30 phương pháp giúp học tập tốt] [30 ways to help children learn well], HCMC: People's Army Publishing House, 2015 Vuong Vu, [ 63 thói quen tốt giúp trẻ trưởng thành] [63 good habits help children grow up], Ha Noi: publisher of cultural information, 2015 Nguyen Dung, 2009, [ Sinh viên Đại học chưa dám tư độc lập] [University students not dare to think independently], retrieved Dec 3rd, 2017 ... the definition of self learning? Some famous researchers define self- learning as follows: Self- learning is the ability to take care of your own learning (Henri Holec) Self- study is a problem... example of self- study The concept of self- study, he said: "Self- learning is the way to learn automatically" and "must learn automatically learning." According to him: "automatic learning" means self- learning... Especially, many author studied how to efficiently improve the self- study of learners Self- study in Viet Nam The issue of self- study in Vietnam has also been noted for a long time At the beginning