Atlas of anatomy a gilroy, b macpherson, l ross (thieme, 2008) 1

Table of Contents Back Thorax Thoracic Wall , Bones, Ligaments & Joints Vertebra l Colum n: Overv iew Thor acic Skeleto n 44 Vert ebral Colum n: Elem ent s Ste rn um & Ribs 46 Cervical Vert ebrae j o int s ofthe Thor acic Cage 48 Tho racic & Lumba r Vert ebrae Thoracic Wall Muscle Facts 50 Diaphragm 52 Sacrum & Coccyx 10 Int ervert ebral Disks 12 Neuro vasculatu re of t he Diaphr agm 54 j oint s of th e Vert ebr al Colum n: Overv iew 14 Arter ies & Veins of th e Tho racic Wall 56 j oint s of t he Verteb ral Colum n: Craniovertebra l Region 16 Nerves of the Tho racic Wall 58 Vertebr al Ligame nts: Overview & Cerv ical Spine 18 Neurovascular Topography of th e Thoracic Wall 60 20 Fema le Breast 62 Lym phat ics of the Fema le Breast 64 Vertebral Ligamen ts: Tho racolumba r Spi ne Muscles Thoracic Cavity Muscles of the Back: Overview 22 Int rinsic Mu scles of th e Cervical Spi ne 24 Divisio ns of th e Thoracic Cavit y Int rinsic Muscles of th e Back 26 Arte ries of t he Thoracic Cavity 68 Muscle Facts (I) 28 Vein s of t he Thoracic Cavity 70 66 Muscle Facts (II) 30 Lym phat ics of th e Thor acic Cavit y 72 Muscle Facts (III) 32 Nerves of the Tho racic Cavity 74 Neurovasculature Mediastinum Art eries & Veins of t he Back 34 Mediast inum : Overv iew 76 Nerves of th e Back 36 Mediastinum : Stru ctures 78 Neur ovascular Top ogr aphy of th e Back 38 Thym us & Pericardium 80 Heart in Situ 82 Heart : Surfaces & Cham bers 84 Surface Anatomy Surface Anato my 40 Heart : Valves 86 Arteries & Vein s of t he Heart 88 Condu cti on & Innervat ion of t he Heart 90 Heart: Radio log y 92 Pre- & Postn ata l Circulatio n 94 Esoph agus 96 Neurovasculatu re of th e Esop hagu s Lymp hat ics of th e Mediastinum 98 100 XI Pleural Cavity Pleura l Cavity 102 Lungs in Situ 104 Lun g: Radio lo gy 106 Bronchopulmonary Seg m ents of the Lung s 108 Trachea & Bronc hia l Tree 110 Respirat ory Mechan ics 112 Pulmonary Arteries & Veins 114 Neurovascul at ure of t he Tracheobron chial Tree 116 Lymp hatics of t he Pleura l Cavity 118 Surface Anatomy Surface Anato my 120 Abdomen & Pelvis Jej unum & Ileum 162 Cecum , Appendix & Colon 164 Rectum & Ana l Canal 166 Liver : Overview 168 Liver: Segments & Lobes 170 Gallb ladder & Bile Ducts 172 Pancreas & Spleen 174 Kidneys & Supra renal Gland s: Overview 176 Kidneys & Suprarena l Gland s: Feature s 178 Ureter 180 Urinary Bladd er 182 Urinary Bladder & Urethra 184 14 Reproductive Organs Overview of the Genital Orga ns 186 Ut erus & Ovari es 188 Vagi na 190 Fema le Externa l Genitalia 192 Neurovasculature of t he Fema le Genita lia 194 Penis, Scrotum & Sperm at ic Cord 196 Test is & Epididymi s 19 Male Accessory Sex Glands 200 Neurovasculatu re of the Male Genita lia 20 Development of the Genita lia 204 15 Arteries & Veins 10 Bones, Ligaments & Joints Ar ter ies of t he Abd omen 206 Abdomina l Aorta & Renal Arteries 208 Celiac Trunk 210 Pelvi c Gird le 124 Superior & Inferior Me senteric Ar te ries 212 Male & Fem ale Pelvis 126 Vein s of the Abd omen 14 Pelvic Ligam ents 128 Inferior Vena Cava & Renal Veins 16 Porta l Vein 218 Superio r & Inferior Mesente ric Veins 220 11 Abdominal Wall Mu scles of t he Ab dominal Wall 130 Ing uinal Regio n & Canal 132 Arterie s & Vein s of t he Pelvis 22 Arterie s & Veins of t he Rectum & Genita lia 224 Abdom inal Wa ll & Inguinal Hern ias 134 Perineal Region 136 Abdom ina l Wa ll Muscle Facts 138 Lym ph Nod es of th e Abdomen & Pelvi s Pelvic Floor Muscle Facts 140 Ly m ph Nod es of the Posterio r Abdominal Wa ll 228 Lymph Nodes of the Anterior Abdominal Organs 230 Lymph Nodes of t he Int esti nes 232 Lym ph Node s of the Genita lia 234 12 Spaces Div ision s of the Abdominop elvic Cavity 14 Peritoneal Cavity & Greater Sac 144 Lesser Sac 146 Me senterie s & Posterior Wall 14 Contents of t he Pelvi s Peritonea l Relation ship s 16 Lymphatics 226 17 Nerves Autonomi c Plexuses 236 150 Inn ervation of the Abdomina l Org an s 23 152 Innervat ion of th e Int est ines 240 Pelvis & Perineum 154 Innervat ion of the Pelvi s 242 Transverse Section s 156 Autonom ic Innervat ion : Overview 244 Autonom ic Innervation: Urina ry & Genita l Organ s 246 13 Internal Organs XII Stomach 158 Duo de num 160 18 Surface Anatomy Surfa ce Anatom y 24 Supraclavicular Branche s & Posteri or Cord Upper Limb 19 Shoulder & Arm Bon es of t he Upper Limb 252 Clavicle & Scapula 254 Hu merus 256 joints of the Shou lder 258 j oint s of th e Shou lder: Glenohume ral joint 260 Subacromia l Space & Bursae 262 Ant erior Mu scles of th e Sho ulder & Arm (I) 264 Anterior Mu scles of th e Sho ulder & Arm (II) 26 Post erior Muscl es of th e Sho ulder & Arm (I) 268 Posterior Mu scles of t he Sho ulder & Arm (II) 270 Muscle Fa ct s (I) 272 Mu scle Facts (II) 274 Muscle Facts (III) 276 Muscle Facts (IV) 27 322 Posterior Cord: Axillary & Radial Nerve s 324 Medi al & Lat eral Cord s 32 Median & Ulnar Nerv es 32 Superfi cial Veins & Nerves of the Upper Limb 330 Post erio r Should er & Axilla 332 Anterior Should er 334 Top ography of the Axil la 336 Topog raph y of the Brachial & Cubita l Region s 338 Topography of the Forearm 340 Topography of the Carpal Region 342 Top og raph y of the Palm of t he Hand 344 Topography of t he Dor sum of th e Hand 346 Tran sverse Secti o ns 348 23 Surface Anatomy Surface Anatomy (I) 35 Surface Anatomy (II) 352 20 Elbow & Forearm Radiu s & Ulna 280 Elbow j oint 282 Ligam ents of th e Elbow j oint 284 Radiou lnar j oint s 286 Mu scles of th e Forearm (I) 288 Muscles of t he Forearm (II) 290 Mu scle Fact s (I) 292 Mu scle Facts (II) 294 Mu scle Fa cts (III) 296 21 Wrist & Hand lower Limb 24 Hip & Thigh Bones of t he Lower Limb 356 Pelvic Girdle & Hip Bone 358 Femur 360 Hip j oint: Overvi ew 36 Hip j oint: Ligam ent s & Capsule 364 Anteri or Muscles of the Thigh , Hip & Glut eal Region (I) 36 Anteri or Muscl es of the Thigh , Hip & Glut eal Reg ion (II) 368 Bon es of th e Wri st & Hand 29 Poster ior Muscl es of the Thigh , Hip & Glutea l Regi on (I) 37 j oints of t he Wrist & Hand 300 Posteri or Mu scles of t he Thigh, Hip & Glutea l Regi on (II) 372 374 Ligame nt s of t he Wrist & Hand 302 Muscle Facts (I) Ligaments of the Fingers 304 Mu scle Facts (II) 376 Mu scles of th e Hand: Superfic ial & Midd le Layers 306 Muscl e Fa cts (III) 378 Mu scles of th e Hand: Midd le & Deep Layers 30 Dor sum of th e Hand 10 Mu scle Fact s (I) 12 Mu scle Fa ct s (II) 14 22 Neurovasculature 25 Knee & leg Tibia & Fibula 38 Knee j oint: Overvi ew 382 Knee j oint: Capsule, Ligam ent s & Bursae 384 Knee j oint: Ligam ents & Meni sci 38 388 Arteri es of th e Upp er Limb 16 Cruci ate Ligam ents Veins & Lymphatics of th e Upp er Limb 18 Knee j oint Cavity 390 Nerves of th e Brachi al Plexus 32 Mu scles of the Leg: Anterior & Lateral Views 392 XIII Mu scles ofthe Leg: Posterior View 394 Mu scle Fact s (I) 396 Mu scle Fact s (II) 398 26 Ankle & Foot Bon es of t he Foot 400 Joints of t he Foot (I) 402 Joints of th e Foot (II) 404 Join t s of th e Foot (III) 40 Ligam ent s of th e Ank le & Foot 40 Plant ar Vault & Arches of th e Foot 10 Mu scles of t he Sole of th e Foo t 12 Muscles & Tendo n Sheat hs of th e Foot 14 Muscle Facts (I) 16 Muscle Facts (II) 18 27 Neurovasculature Ar t eries oft he Lower Lim b 420 Vein s & Lympha t ics of th e Low er Lim b 422 Lum bosacral Plexus 424 Nerves of t he Lumb ar Plexus 426 Nerves of th e Lum bar Plexus: Obt urato r & Fem oral Nerves 428 Nerves of t he Sacral Plexus 430 Head & Neck 29 Bones of the Head Ant erio r & Lat eral Skull 454 Post eri or Skull & Calvaria 56 Base of th e Skull 45 Et hmo id & Spheno id Bon es 60 30 Muscles of the Skull & Face Mu scles of Facial Expr ession & of Mast icat ion 462 Muscle Origins & Insertions on th e Skull 464 Mu scle Fact s (I) 46 Muscle Facts (II) 468 Nerves of th e Sacral Plexus: Sciat ic Nerv e 432 Superfic ial Nerves & Vessels of t he Low er Limb 434 Top ogr aphy oft he Ingu inal Regi on 436 Cranial Ner ves: Overv iew 470 472 31 Cranial Nerves Topography of t he Glut eal Regi on 438 CN I & II: Olfacto ry & Opti c Ner ves Topography of t he Ant erior & Post erior Thig h 440 CN III, IV & VI: Oculo mo tor, Tro chlear & Abduce nt Ner ves 474 Topography of th e Post erior & Medial Leg 44 CN V: Trig em inal Nerve Top ograp hy of th e Lat eral & Anterior Leg 44 CN VII: Fa cial Nerve 47 Topog raphy oft he Sole oft he Foot 446 CN VIII: Vestib ulocochlear Nerve 80 Transverse Sect io ns 44 28 Surface Anatomy Surface Anatom y 450 47 CN IX: Glossopha ryng eal Nerv e 482 CN X: Vagu s Nerve 484 CN XI & XII: Accessory & Hyp oglossal Nerve s 86 32 Neurovasculature of the Skull & Face Innervati o n of th e Face 488 Arte ries of t he Head & Neck 490 Ext ernal Carot id Art ery: Ante rio r, Medi al & Posteri or Branches 49 Ext ernal Carotid Arter y: Term inal Branches 494 Veins of th e Head & Neck 496 Top ography ofthe Superfi cial Face 498 Topography of t he Parot id Regio n & Tem po ral Fossa 500 Top ography of th e Inf rat em poral Fossa 502 Top ography of t he Pt er yg opalatin e Fossa 504 33 Orbit & Eye XIV Bones of th e Orbit 506 Muscles of t he Orbit 50 Neurovasculat ure of th e Orbit 510 Topog raphy ofthe Orbit 512 Orbit & Eyelid 514 Eyeball 516 Corn ea Iris & Lens 18 34 Nasal Cavity & Nose Bones of t he Nasal Cavity 520 Paranasal Air Sinuses 522 Neurovascu lat ure of t he Nasal Cavity 524 Neuroanatomy 35 Temporal Bone & Ear 39 Brain & Spinal Cord Tempora l Bone 526 Ext erna l Ear & Auditory Canal 528 Nervous System : Overview 592 Middl e Ear: Tympanic Cavity 530 Telencep halo n 594 Middle Ear: Ossicular Chain & Tympani c Memb rane 532 Telencepha lon & Diencephalon 596 Art eries ofth e Middle Ear 534 Dienc ephalon Brainstem & Cerebellum 598 Inner Ear 536 36 Oral Cavity & Pharynx Spinal Cord 600 Mening es 602 Ventr icl es & CSF Spaces 604 Bones of th e Oral Cavity 538 Tem po romandibular Joint 540 Teeth 542 Du ral Sinuses & Veins of t he Brain 606 Ora l Cavity Muscle Facts 544 Arteri es of t he Brain 608 Inne rvation of th e Ora l Cavity 546 Art eries & Vein s oft he Spina l Cord 610 Tongu e 548 Topog raphy of th e Ora l Cavity & Salivary Glands 550 Tonsils & Pharyn x 552 Pharyng eal Muscl es 554 Neurova sculatu re of t he Pharynx 556 37 Neck Bones & Ligaments of th e Neck 40 Blood Vessels of the Brain & Spinal Cord 41 Functional Systems Circuitry 12 Sensory & Motor Pathway s 14 Senso ry Systems (I) 616 Sensory Syst em s (II) 618 Sensory Systems (III) 620 558 Muscle Facts (I) 560 Muscl e Facts (II) 562 Muscle Facts (III) 564 Arteri es & Veins of t he Neck 566 Innervat io n of th e Neck 56 Laryn x: Carti lage & Struc ture 570 Larynx: Muscl es & Levels 572 Neurova sculature of the Larynx Thyroid & Parathyroid s 574 Topography of t he Neck: Regions & Fascia 576 Topography of th e Anterior Cervica l Region 578 Topography of th e Ant erior & Lat eral Cervi cal Reg ions 580 Topog raphy of t he Lat eral Cervical Region 582 Topography of th e Post erior Cervica l Region 584 Lymphatics of th e Neck 586 42 Autonomic Nervous System Auton omic Nervo us System 622 Appendix Answers to Surface Anatomy Questions 626 Index 628 38 Surface Anatomy Surfac e Anatomy 588 xv Bacl< Bones, liga ments & Joints Vertebra l Co lum n: Overview Vertebra l Colum n: Eleme nts Cervical Vertebrae Thoracic & Lumba r Vertebrae Sacru m & Coccyx 10 Intervertebral Disks 12 Joints of th e Vertebra l Column: Overview 14 Joint s of the Vert ebral Column: Cranioverteb ral Region 16 Vert ebral Ligament s: Overview & Cervical Spine 18 Vert ebr al Ligame nts: Thoraco lumbar Spine 20 Muscles Muscles of t he Back: Overv iew 22 Int rin sic Muscles of t he Cervica l Spine 24 Intrinsic Mu scles ofthe Back 26 Muscle Facts (I) 28 Muscle Facts (11) 30 Muscle Facts (11 1) 32 Neurovasculature Arteries & Veins of the Back 34 Nerves of t he Back 36 Neurovascular To pography ofthe Back 38 Surface Anatomy Surface Anatomy 40 Vertebral Column: Overview ~ The vertebral colum n (spi ne) is divided int o four regio ns: t he and lumbar spines demon strate lo rd osis (inward curvat ure); the thoracic IiIriiiiiII cerv ical, tho racic, lumbar, and sacral spi nes Both the cerv ical and sacral spines demonstrate kypho sis (outward curvature) Fig 1.1 Vertebral column Left latera l vi ew C1 - (7 Craniocervical junction Cervical spine vertebrae Cervicothoracic junction t':t.~ii=;::.} Spinous process Thoracic spine Thoracolumbarjunction Lumbar spine Lumbosacral junction T1-T1 vertebrae l, d~i::::~ Costal facets Articular processes Sacrum (sacral spine) / A Region s of t he spine ~ ·PP' -'o ~ Interverte­ bral foramina Clinical Spinal development The characteristi c curvatures of the adult spine appear over the course of postnatal development, being only partially present in a newborn The newborn has a "kyphotic" spinal curvature (A); lumbar lordosis develops later and becomes stable at puberty (C) L1- L5 vertebrae ~~~~i'