CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC FINANCE SERIES Pension Fund Risk Management Financial and Actuarial Modeling Edited by Marco Micocci Greg N Gregoriou Giovanni Batista Masala © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC MATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc and is used with permission The MathWorks does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book This book’s use or discussion of MATLAB® software or related products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB® software Chapman & Hall/CRC Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Chapman & Hall/CRC is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 International Standard Book Number: 978-1-4398-1752-0 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint Except as permitted under U.S Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400 CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pension fund risk management : financial and actuarial modeling / editors, Marco Micocci, Greg N Gregoriou, and Giovanni Batista Masala p cm (Chapman & hall/crc finance series ; 5) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN-13: 978-1-4398-1752-0 (alk paper) ISBN-10: 1-4398-1752-9 (alk paper) Pension trusts Risk management I Micocci, Marco II Gregoriou, Greg N., 1956- III Masala, Giovanni Batista IV Title V Series HD7105.4.P464 2010 658.3’253 dc22 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC 2009030223 Contents Preface, ix Editors, xvii Contributor Bios, xix Contributors, xxxiii PART I Financial Risk Management CHAPTER ◾ Quantifying Investment Risk in Pension Funds 003 SHANE FRANCIS WHELAN CHAPTER ◾ Investment Decision in Defined Contribution Pension Schemes Incorporating Incentive Mechanism 039 BILL SHIH-CHIEH CHANG AND EVAN YA-WEN HWANG CHAPTER ◾ Performance and Risk Measurement for Pension Funds 071 AUKE PLANTINGA CHAPTER ◾ Pension Funds under Inflation Risk 085 AIHUA ZHANG v © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC vi ◾ Contents CHAPTER ◾ Mean–Variance Management in Stochastic Aggregated Pension Funds with Nonconstant Interest Rate 103 RICARDO JOSA FOMBELLIDA CHAPTER ◾ Dynamic Asset and Liability Management 129 RICARDO MATOS CHAIM CHAPTER ◾ Pension Fund Asset Allocation under Uncertainty 157 WILMA DE GROOT AND LAURENS SWINKELS CHAPTER ◾ Different Stakeholders’ Risks in DB Pension Funds 167 THEO KOCKEN AND ANNE DE KREUK CHAPTER ◾ Financial Risk in Pension Funds: Application of Value at Risk Methodology 185 MARCIN FEDOR CHAPTER 10 ◾ Pension Scheme Asset Allocation with Taxation Arbitrage, Risk Sharing, and Default Insurance 211 CHARLES SUTCLIFFE PART II Technical Risk Management CHAPTER 11 ◾ Longevity Risk and Private Pensions 237 PABLO ANTOLIN CHAPTER 12 ◾ Actuarial Funding of Dismissal and Resignation Risks WERNER HÜRLIMANN © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC 267 Contents ◾ vii CHAPTER 13 ◾ Retirement Decision: Current Influences on the Timing of Retirement among Older Workers 287 GAOBO PANG, MARK J WARSHAWSKY, AND BEN WEITZER CHAPTER 14 ◾ Insuring Defined Benefit Plans in Germany 315 FERDINAND MAGER AND CHRISTIAN SCHMIEDER CHAPTER 15 ◾ The Securitization of Longevity Risk in Pension Schemes: The Case of Italy 331 SUSANNA LEVANTESI, MASSIMILIANO MENZIETTI, AND TIZIANA TORRI PART III Regulation and Solvency Topics CHAPTER 16 ◾ Corporate Risk Management and Pension Asset Allocation 365 YONG LI CHAPTER 17 ◾ Competition among Pressure Groups over the Determination of U.K Pension Fund Accounting Rules 389 PAUL JOHN MARCEL KLUMPES AND STUART MANSON CHAPTER 18 ◾ Improving the Equity, Transparency, and Solvency of Pay-as-You-Go Pension Systems: NDCs, the AB, and ABMs 419 CARLOS VIDAL-MELIÁ, MARÍA DEL CARMEN BOADO-PENAS, AND OLE SETTERGREN CHAPTER 19 ◾ Risk-Based Supervision of Pension Funds in the Netherlands DIRK BROEDERS AND MARC PRƯPPER © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC 473 viii ◾ Contents CHAPTER 20 ◾ Policy Considerations for Hedging Risks in Mandatory Defined Contribution Pensions through Better Default Options 509 GREGORIO IMPAVIDO CHAPTER 21 ◾ Pension Risk and Household Saving over the Life Cycle 549 DAVID A LOVE AND PAUL A SMITH PART IV International Experience in Pension Fund Risk Management CHAPTER 22 ◾ Public and Private DC Pension Schemes, Termination Indemnities, and Optimal Funding of Pension System in Italy 581 MARCO MICOCCI, GIOVANNI B MASALA, AND GIUSEPPINA CANNAS CHAPTER 23 ◾ Efficiency Analysis in the Spanish Pension Funds Industry: A Frontier Approach 597 CARMEN-PILAR MARTÍ-BALLESTER AND DIEGO PRIOR-JIMÉNEZ CHAPTER 24 ◾ Pension Funds under Investment Constraints: An Assessment of the Opportunity Cost to the Greek Social Security System 637 NIKOLAOS T MILONAS, GEORGE A PAPACHRISTOU, AND THEODORE A ROUPAS CHAPTER 25 ◾ Pension Fund Deficits and Stock Market Efficiency: Evidence from the United Kingdom 659 WEIXI LIU AND IAN TONKS CHAPTER 26 ◾ Return-Based Style Analysis Applied to Spanish Balanced Pension Plans LAURA ANDREU, CRISTINA ORTIZ, JOSÉ LUIS SARTO, AND LUIS VICENTE INDEX, 707 © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC 689 ... and Solvency of Pay-as-You-Go Pension Systems: NDCs, the AB, and ABMs 419 CARLOS VIDAL-MELIÁ, MARÍA DEL CARMEN BOADO-PENAS, AND OLE SETTERGREN CHAPTER 19 ◾ Risk- Based Supervision of Pension Funds... cm (Chapman & hall/crc finance series ; 5) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN-13: 97 8-1 -4 39 8-1 75 2-0 (alk paper) ISBN-10: 1-4 39 8-1 75 2-9 (alk paper) Pension trusts Risk management... GROOT AND LAURENS SWINKELS CHAPTER ◾ Different Stakeholders’ Risks in DB Pension Funds 167 THEO KOCKEN AND ANNE DE KREUK CHAPTER ◾ Financial Risk in Pension Funds: Application of Value at Risk