Carl Linnaei Olamlska ochG o t h landska resa. StocklioLm Upsala 1745. ,. ,, Fauna Suecica, Editio I. Holmi8e 1746. Thorbem Bergman. Eon om Coccus aquaticus, Lin. in the Kongl. Vetenskaps Acad. Haiidlingar, 17 5 6. ,, , Afhandling om Iglar, iii the Koiigl. NVet. Acad. Haiidl. 1757. Caroli Linnaei Systema Natiuae Ed. X Holmife 17 58. „ ,, Fauna Suecica Editio U. Holmiee 17 61. 0. F. Mil Her. Vermium teiTestmun et ttaiatilium succincta historia. Havniee et Lip.siae 1774. 0. Fahricius. Fauna Groenlandica. Havniae et Lipsise 1780. Cajoli a Linne Systema Natiu£e. Ed. XIII. Lipsise 1788. J. F. P. Braun. Sjstematischer Beschieibiuig einiger Egelarten. Berlin 1805. James Rawlins Johnson. A tieatise on the medicinal leech. London 1816. G. Cuvier. Histoire des progxes des sciences natureUes, depuis 1789 jusqua cejour. Tome deuxieme. Bruxelles 1838. W. floffmeister. De Vermibus quibusdam ad genus Lumbricoium pertinentibus. Berohni 1842. ,, Beitiag zur Kenntniss deutscher Landanneliden, in the Arehiv fur Natnrgeschichte 1843. A. S. Oersted. Entwuii einer system. Eintheilung und specieUen Besclueibung der Platt wiirmer. Copenhagen 1844. E. Grube. tjber den Liunbricus variegatus Miillers, in the Arehiv fiii Naturgeschichte (Wieg mau) 1844. Fr. M tiller. tJber Hirado marginata und tessulata, 0. F. Miiller, in the Aich f. Naturgeschichte (Wiegman) 1844. V. Hoffmeister. Die bis jetzt bekannten Arten aus der Famihe der Kegenwiiimer. Bramischweig 1848. A. MoquinTandon. Monogiaphie de la famiUe des Hiiiulinees. Nouv. edition. Paris 1846. Fr. Miiller. Clepsme costata. Arehiv f. Natuigeschichte 1846. C. M. Die sing. Systema helminthum I—II. Vindobonee 1850 1851. A. E. Grube. Die FamUien der Anneliden. Berlin 1851. M. Schultze. Beitiage zw Naturgeschichte d. TurbeUarien. Greifswald 1851. J. dUdekem. Nouvelle classification des AnneUdes setigeres abranches : in the Bulletin de IAdcad. r. de Belgique. Tome XXn. II paiiie 1855. W. St imp son. Prodromus descriptionis animahuni eveitebratorum ; in Proceedings of the Aca demy of natural sciences of Philadelphia. Vol. VIH; printed 1857. G. Gerstfeldt. Ubereinige zum Theil neue Arten Platoden, AmieUden, Myriapoden und Crustaceen Sibiriens, in the Memoiies des Savants etiangers. Tome VIH. S:t Petersbuig 1858. J. dUdekem. NouveUe classification des Aiuielides setigeres abranches, in the Memoires de TAcadem. roy. de Belgique. Tome XXXI. 1859. K. M. Diesing. Revision der Helminthen; in Wiener Sitzungs Berichte, mathem. naturwiss. Classe. Band 33, 44 46. Ed. Clap a rede. Recherches anatomiques sur les Ohgochetes, in the Memoiies de la soicete de physique et dhistoire naturelle de Geneve. Tome XVI. II partie, 1862.. ,, Beobachtungen zur Aiiatomie luid Entwickelungsgeschichte wirbeUoser Thiere
HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY Bequest of WILLIAM McM WOOD WORTH i^UuA ^ \\\^ H^,^^^ ]S[OTES ABOUT SOME U FINLAID EOUO SPECIES OE lOl^-PARASITICAL WORMS (TURBELLARIA, DISCOPHIIRA KT OLICfOOHETA ' FEfflICA) BY Dr AXEL R SPOOF, AB O ABO PROPEKTT OF TIEE 1889 AUTHOR Abo Printed by the Aura Printing-office-Company Ld J 889 — The following notes were originally wiitten in the years 1867 72, only for proper use, as, when essaying from the litterature to get guidance to the knowledge of animals A^ery often met with within my countiy, I found that, with except of the leeches, the now enumerated animals were but very little taken notice of by natui'alists in the noiihem coantries during GUI" century Having thus commenced I by little and httle contuiued from sources accessible to me, to gather contributions to the knowledge of the geographical distribution of those animals, especially in the middle and north of Europe The notes by degrees iia\nng increased to their present extent and as I no longer could find ability to bestow time on such, sideways fi'om proper functions lieng researches, I wished at least to interest young naturalists of countiy for those animals and for this purpose I added the my my ; which for the most part are boiTowed from previous authors Meanwhile the notes would probably have been reposited for ever, diagnoses, had not the Fisheiy-Exhibition at St Petersborough given impulse again to take up the last mentioned thought The notes thence appear without every pretention and I only wish the benevolent reader may not apply on their author the words which Groethe's Faust once was crieng out about "Wagner: Wie doch dem Kopf nieht jede Hoffnmig schwindet, Der lebenlang am schalen Zeuge klebt, Mit gier'ger Hand nach Schatzen grabt Und froh ist, weun er Regeu-wiirmer findet The names of places in Finland mentioned in this paper are m'itten according to the orthography which is commonly used in the official nomenclatui'e on Swedish language; as I think it easier to the readers, if wanted, to make out the places, by showing the name written or printed in the usual and well-known manner of mine, on which the descriptions are founded, I have, given to the museum of the state-lyceum (Swedish) in where they now-to-days are put i;p The specimens s,everal Abo; time ago, OF AUTHOES, LIST c Carl Linnaei u r Olamlska och^G o Fauna Suecica, ,, , li Thorbem Bergman g t c a i h landska Editio arranged: y 1 StocklioLm resa & Upsala 1745 Holmi8e 1746 I Eon om Coccus 17 aquaticus, Lin in the Kongl Vetenskaps Acad Haiid- lingar, Afhandling ,, Caroli , Linnaei „ ,, om Iglar, Her Vermium teiTestmun Fahricius Fauna Groenlandica F Mil Linne Systema Cajoli a the Koiigl "NVet Acad Haiidl iii 1757 Systema Natiu'ae Ed X Holmife 17 58 Fauna Suecica Editio U Holmiee 17 61 Natiu-£e et ttaiatilium succincta historia Havniee et Lip.siae 1774 Havniae et Lipsise 1780 Ed XIII Lipsise 1788 Braun Sj'stematischer Beschi-eibiuig einiger Egelarten Berlin 1805 James Rawlins Johnson A ti-eatise on the medicinal leech London 1816 G Cuvier Histoire des progxes des sciences natureUes, depuis 1789 jusqu'a cejour Tome J F P deuxieme Bruxelles 1838 De Vermibus quibusdam "W floffmeister Beiti-ag ,, ad genus Lumbricoi-um pertinentibus Berohni 1842 zur Kenntniss deutscher Landanneliden, in the Arehiv fur Natnrge- schichte 1843 A S Oersted Entwuii' einer system E Grube tjber den Liunbricus variegatus Miiller's, in the Arehiv mau) M tiller Fr fiii- Naturgeschichte (Wieg- 1844 tJber Hirado marginata schichte "\V Eintheilung und specieUen Besclu-eibung der Platt- Copenhag-en 1844 wiirmer (Wiegman) und tessulata, F Miiller, in the Ai'ch Naturge- f 1844 Hoffmeister Die bis jetzt bekannten Arten aus der Famihe der Kegenwiii-mer schweig 1848 Brami- Moquin-Tandon Monogi-aphie de la famiUe des Hiiiulinees Nouv edition Paris Miiller Clepsme costata Arehiv f Natui-geschichte 1846 Systema helminthum I— II Vindobonee 1850 & 1851 C M Die sing A E Grube Die FamUien der Anneliden Berlin 1851 M Schultze Beiti-age zw Naturgeschichte d TurbeUarien Greifswald 1851 A 1846 Fr J d'Udekem Nouvelle classification des AnneUdes setigeres abranches I'Adcad W St imp r Tome XXn de Belgique son Prodromus descriptionis animahuni evei-tebratorum demy of natural sciences of Philadelphia G Gerstfeldt Ubereinige zum : in the Bulletin de II paiiie 1855 ; in Proceedings of the VIH; Vol Aca- printed 1857 Theil neue Arten Platoden, AmieUden, Myriapoden taceen Sibirien's, in the Memoii-es des Savants eti-angers und Crus- Tome VIH S:t Pe- tersbui-g 1858 J d'Udekem NouveUe TAcadem K M Diesing Band Clap a rede Recherches 33, 44 & Memoires de 1859 46 anatomiques sur de physique et d'histoire ,, Tome XXXI roy de Belgique Revision der Helminthen; in Wiener Sitzungs Berichte, mathem naturwiss Classe Ed classification des Aiuielides setigeres abranches, in the Beobachtungen zur Aiiatomie Leipzig 1868 les Ohgochetes, in the Memoii-es de naturelle de Geneve luid Tome XVI la soicete II partie, 1862 Entwickelungs-geschichte -wirbeUoser Thiere Van Bene den Eeoherches Belgique W Malm A sur la faune littorale de Belgique; in the Memoires de I'Acad ds Tome XXXII 1861 Svenska Iglai- (Disciferae); in -Goteborgs Vetenskaps- och Vitterliets-Samlialles HandUngara Ny tidsfoljd Vm 1863 G" d'Udekem Memoire sur les Lombricins;; in the Memoires de I'Academ de Belgique Tome XXXV 1865 Johnston A catalogue of british non- parasitical worms in the collection of the British Mu- J G H J seum, with an appendix by D:r Baird London 1865 Kinberg Aunulata nova; in the Oft^ersigt af Kongl Wetenskaps Akademins Hand- lingar 1866 K Kes s e r (^in russian language) Contributions to the knowledge of the Onega-lake ai\d S:t Petersborongh 1868 of its surrounding countries Fr Eatzel Beitrage zux anatom in the Zeitschiift (t Eisen Bidrag till Akad „ Om fiir Skanclina^'iens nnd system wissensch Kenntniss der Oliguchaeten Oligochaetfaiuia, in the Forhandlmgar 1871 nigra arktiska Oligochaeter : Leipzig 1868 Zoologie XVIII in the same 1872 Of\'ersigt af Kongl Wetensk TURBEILARIA I PROCTUCHA, Max Schultze A Animalia ano stipata^ sexu cliscreta Rhyncocoela, M 110 Sch (Nemertinea, Stimpson, Keferstein.) Tubus cibarhis probosciile praeditvs tiibiilosa, exsertili, ahintestisejuneta, interdiim armata Enopla, Keferstein Proboscide armata Familia unica TRAEMACEPHALIDAE^ sis respiratoriis Kfrst Cwput fissuris bremhtis transver- Ehbg Gorpiis instructum Tetrastemma, H & teretmsctdum, p)a'tittulum depressKin Caput continuicm I subdiscretum; fovea transversa, in medio utriusque lateris (fissurae respiratoriae) ; fronte truncata; apei'ttira prohoscidis in rima transversa, terminali Anus terminalis Ocelli jr Maricolae T obseiiruni, aliquantum M Corpus Sch fere antrorsum cylindricum; — attemiatum; utrinqiie truncatum, olivaceum Oeuli jv vj Proboscis (oesophagus) stylo uno mediano armata, sacGulisque ij styliferis latercdibus, stylis binis Long 14 millim.; latit l,o m m Synon Tetrastemma obscurum Max Schiiltze pag 62: idem in — museo zoologico Kieliae Holsatomm Polia obscura, Yan Beneden, p 23 Tetrastemma varicolor y olivaceum, G .Johnston p 20 dum f^)] non- vero Oersted c& Diesing Habitat sub lapidibus lignisqve submersis in fucis aliisque plantis; passim frequens Helsingfors, Abo (Runsala) — Obs Tlie description and figures of the internal organs given by Van Beneden, as also those given by Max Schultze, quite accord to my observations; but Van Beneden represents the animal threadlike and designs the length to be centim and the breath m, m I have seen specimens with 3, 4, — — and eyes B APROCTA, M Sch Auimalia ano destituta, androgyua; caput DEXDROCOELA, Ehbg fissuris carens, Oesophagus tnusettlosus, protractilis, pe- ristomio interdum lobcdo; tractus intestinalis dendritice ramosus; corpus depressum I plartuni TUEBEIJ^ARIA Familia Monogonopora, Stimpson Apertura genitalis miiea PLANAEIADAE, Stimpson Corpus oblontjum, plamim, saepe lobis auriculaeforniihus, rciriter tentaculis Os oentrale I p)osfici(,m integer Apertura genitalis ad posteriora oris sita Oesophagus Caput interchim indistincte discretum, trigonum, Planaria Miill tentaculis nullis; oculis duobus Os sicbcentrale ; cyliudriewn (Tubi eibarii rami indivisi, Oersted); penis in communi apertwm genitalis vestibulo PI torva, auctorum minatum, supra einereum 2,0 m, m I Corpus antiee obtuse trilobimi, postice acunigrum; subtus albidum Lg 10; lat — Synon Fasciola torva, F Miiller i ii 62; Planaria torva Oersted 54; Diesing i 205; G-erstfeldt 262; G Johnston 1 Planaria fusca, Linne Et Habit aqvise S Nat xni 3090; Diesing dulcis et subsalinje I- 204 — incola Helsingfors, Nadendal, ^ Abo, Reso, Helsinge, Mantsala Diesing attributes to Planaria torva: ocellus singulus! — Zoologie», Bd XI p 89, O Schmidt gives a description of three species into wihch, according to his opinion, PI torva, auctorum, is to be divided The characters he has got from the shape of the body, espe- In the »Zeitschrift fiir wissens cially the fore-part of it, from the position of the eyes, from the colour of the body and the structure of the generative orI recollect having sometimes seen specimens that, as for gans the shape and the colour, have corresponded to his PI lugubris; but as I have not since got similar specimens for examining, Gerstit may be suificient to have mentioned it by the by ! — & 263, describes a new species, PI guttata to me that the characters given by him are However it rather unessential and fall within the limits of individual variability, as for an example, the smooth in spirit not curled (gekraumargins of the body, the running together of the white selt) spots surrounding the eyes, the flat, leaf-shaped body, the light linear-oblong mesial spot and the two lateral series of 4, or Johnston tells, has the Planaria, as rounded, light spots which may depend on some misstake; as I, not tail rounded; to reckon the extraordinary capacity of those animals in moving to change the shape of the body, always have had occasion to see the tail of PI lactea, Johnst, to be very acuminaWith regard to the shape of the ted, the animal being in rest tail PI torva is intermediary between Dendrocoelum lacteum feldt, o c 262 seems p — and Polycelis nigra Caput lobis atiHculaefortnibus ; tentaeuli os oesopliagusque ut Planariarmn (tubi cdbarii rami arbmcidifonnes Oersted); penis retortaeformis, inermis, longe Kaginatus, Deiidrocoelum, Oersted nulli; \ AKNULATA DISCOPHOEA 16 Clepsine complanata, Diesing i 452; Grube 113; Gerstfeldt 263 Clepsine sexoculata, Malm 203; Kessler 112 — Habitat in aquis dulcibus sat frequens Nadendai, Reso, Mantsala; S East of Karelia (J Sahlberg); Ladoga as far as to Sordavala, Onega unto Povenetz (Kessler) Ohs\ According to Kessler one of the most common species in the territory of Onega I think Gerstfeldt to be in right, M^hen (o cit p 264) identifying Clepsine complanata and verrucata, F Miill Helsinge, b) Saccorum ventralium paria vij et ultra Caput subdiscretum (Lobina, Moquin-Tandon) C marginata F Miiller G subcartilaginetmn, antrorsum angustatum, fusco-mride, supra 'macidarum flaveseentium seriehus jv, medio dorso linearum ejusdem eoloris serie notato; m-argiiie flavoOcelli jv in series dims longitiodinales, stirsum albo-fuscoque tessellato eonvergentes dispositi, postici majores Long 20, lat 'm m, Syn Hirudo marginata, F, Miiller i ii 46; Linne S Nat xill 8098: Johnson 36; Hirudo variegata Braun 61 Clepsine marginata, Fr Miiller 1844 p 370; Diesing i 447; Grube 114; Malm 208; Glossiphonia marginata, Moquin-Tandon 375; G Johnston 339 i'ut — etiam : Glossiph flava, Johnston) — Habitat in rivis stagnisque ad plantas; rara Aura-river, Reso, Nadendai; S East of Karelia (J Sahlberg) C tessiilata, F suhellip)tici())i, plario-dciircsKiiin Miillov (\ (irlatiiiosuin mollissiriuiiii aiitnu-siini j)iinlhihiiii (iiKjia^fatKiii, ciiicro- — viride supra maculanoii fUircHcp.ni'niin serirbiis ij rj iiofatuni, iiiarijhic Ocelli viij in series duas loiigltHdinales discinereo flavoque tesselato positi Pars oesophagea tractus cibcorii sacculis jv coeds, qtionmi vicdii bipartiti; diverticula ventralia vij bigeniculata, fundo bi-l tripartita; sejjtimum fundo suo fundo ult.imi saccorum rectcdiuni attingens, latere exteriore diverticulis jv minoribus, praeter fimduw d i roiicidiformem praedittim\ sacci rectales jv, quorum ij anteriores ardrorsain, postici retrorsuni vergenfes Long IS 25, lat Syn Hirudo tessulata, F Miiller i ii 45; Linne Nat xill 30.8; Braun 56; Johnson 33 Clepsine tessulata, Fr Miiller 1844 p 370; Diesing i 447; Malm 213 Glossiphonia tessellata, Moquin-Tandon 379; G Johnston 312 Clepsine tesselata, Grube 114 — — — — Habitat in rivis stagnis paludibusque hand frequens Nadendai, Reso, Mantsala; S East of Karelia (J Sahlberg) Medio in men sis Julii in di vidua legi ova gerentia Obs\ Ol this species I have got two varieties without any intermediary, viz: a small dark one corresponding to Clepsine tessulata Malm, within except of the dilatation of the neck; and an almost thrice as large but paler one ANNULATA DISCOPHOEA 17 The zoolog;ioal museum of the uni\^ersity to Helsingfors possesses a specimen of this animal noted: Ishavet (the northern frozen ocean) Kola, bv mr G Selin discretum Corpus subcarMiill Caput Fr costata, C iJayineum, dilatatiim, fusceseens Dorsum convexiuseulum vitta media interrivpta, Uneisque punetorum ohscuriorum lomjitudinali fktra nigro prominenfibus utrinque binis fermsque quasi costafwn Oculi ij subrot tundi Long 40 Sgii —-50 m m Clepsiae costata, Fr Miiller 1846 p 82; (rrube 113 c& 150; Diesingl 450; Kessler j]3 Glossiphouia catenigera, Moquin-Tandon 373 Clepsine catenigera, Diesing "W S B 33 p 493 Habitat: ad insulam Valamo in Ladoga (Kesslerj Nota Ordini Myzhelminthorum, sec Diesing, subordini Bdellideornm, tribui Monocotyleorum subtribuique Calicotyleorumadscribo animalculum quod Lumbriculo variegato adhaerens inveni; cujus corpus segmeutis viij confectum acetabulo anali praeditum spinis duabus retrorsum directis instructo Extremitas cephalica acetabulo destituta, ciliis autem vibratilibus obsita Oculi miUi latestina inconspiciia Segmentum quintum caeteris majus ampliusque, adeo ut animal irritatum, Testudinum more, totum corpus in idem eontrahere possit Longit, 0,2 m m The late professor Alexander von Nordman once had got specimens of Branchiobdella astaci; however Obs\ toid he the Zoological possess any museum of th(» Helsingfors-university does not Fam ACANTHOBDELLEA, Grube (et genus tamiliae unicum) Acanthobdella, (jrube Corpus fere fusiforine depress mscuhim, antrorsum sensim attennatum; ibidem setae uncinatac per paria aliquot biseriatim posifae Lobus eeplialicus /"Kinberg; Kopflappen Grube^ exiguus I inconspieuus, minimeque acetabulum form,at, mide aeetabulum anticum mdlum Os inferum, subterm,inale, mimm-wm Aperturae g esolitariae, approxhnatae, in linea ventris meAiana antieani versus extremitatem sitae in XXXI et XXXIl segmento, sec Diesing Aeetabidwm anale mimd.uni, cuju.^ in medio or ifid inn ani Srgmmia corporis cireiter Ixxx nitales — — ANNTJLATA DISCOPHORA 18 Grube Antica corporis extremitas deorsum paulsetarumqtie paribus xx munitum, quaterna in seginento tertio, quinto et nono Os ovale in primo segmento A peledina, lulioni inclination, prinio, seeundo, Corpus pallide cinereo-flavum, Syn Acanthobdella peledina, Grube 116; Diesing W S B 46 p 510; Kessler 115 Habitat: In Onega, git Kessler Salmoni salvelino adhaerentem le- III OLIGOCHAETA (Annelide.s setigeres abranches, cl'Udekem.) Fam coles, LUMBEiciNA, Sav.-d'Udekem (OUgoclietes terri- Clapar^de) Corpus segment is mult is compositum; tegument a corporis valde nmsculosa, opaca; lobus cephalicus (Kinberg la levre die OberUppe the first segment, G Johnstouy conicus, Icibrum Kopflappen, Grube Mivndsegment, Gnibe supjerms format; segmentum hiiccale (Kinberg the second or buccal segvient, G Jobnston) inerm,e; tubus cibarms recttts, OS mfertvm-; ventriculus musculosus; anus termdnalis Setae semper uncinatae, parimi prominentes Oculi nulli Sanguis ruber; apparatus circulationis dilatationibtis lateralibus [cordibus] multis stipatus Ocu'la perpanm, plura in capsuUs conglutinata = = = = = = Liiiubricus, Lin Lobus cepkalicus a segmento buccal? distinctus sii/gu/ae in seriebus viij longitrorsitm dispositae In antiea corporis parte xona tiimida, torosa, glandulosa, cingulum I clitellum, pluribus segmentis compjosita; nee non ttihercula ventralia Setae = a Tubercuia ventralia (Kinberg les grands pores Savigny vulva Hoffmeistei;^ in segmento [in xvi sec Hoffm.] XV aa Setae per paria approximatae fere latei-ale par inferius ventrale ; par superius latere -ventrale Lobus cephalicus r«trorsum cessum qui segmentum buccale totum findit, in = pro- productum — Cingulum in segmento XXIV, XXV, XXVI ve ortum semper segmenta sex complectitur Corporis segmenta circiter cxl L rubeUiis, Hoffm Cot'jms ante cingulum fere cgliiidricum rufobninneimi, antrorsum attenuaium; pone cingulum applanatmn, badiuni, subtus pallidius Lobus cephalicus seginento buecali aliquanto brevior, infra indistincte sulcatus; processus ejusdem sulco transverso, saepe mx conspicuo Tubercuia ventralia saepje desunt Cingulum laete rufum; papilla} um- [Saugndpfe HoffmJ paria ij distincta Segmenta bi-et tri-annulata Long circ 100 m m Animal parvum: ante cing 25 m m., in cing et pone cing 39 m m — Synon Limbiicus laevis ex p Lirne F Su i Lumbricus terrestris ex p Linne F Su II 504 M 1270 M 2073; ex p F Miiller i ii 24.; L terr minor, Linne S Xat xill3083; L teiTesti-is ex p G Johnston 58 & 324 Lumbricus lubellus Hoffmeister 1843 p 187; Hoifm Eegeuw 21; Grube 99 rtento buceali pay, den)-suu/ decusscdus, infra longitudinaliter sidcatus\ Verrueae /centraprocessus ejusdon sulcn ransrerso, interdiom du2)liGi et segmento les [= Willste, Hofl'iii.] in VIIL IX Cingulum prominens, a scgini'nfis rleinis discretnm rufescens; papillarum paria tegmenta bi-et triannulafa Long circ 200 r rj panmi distlnda Animal parvum; ante cing 27, in ciug et pone cing 65 m m m per medium I X — XXVI — m Sipion Lmnbricus terrestris major Lione F Su S xm Nat n 504 M 2073 3084 ex p F Mliller i ii 24; Fabrioius, F Groenl 276; Eisen 954; G Johnston 58 & 324 Luntbricus Agricola, Hoffmeister, de Vermibus, 24; Hoffm 1843 Lumbricus p ler Habitat rarior territory Regenwilrmer 186; 103 Lumbricus haud terrestris terrestiis Lombricins 35; Kess- Grube 99 145 cf- agris, linietis, quercetisque, anteeedeuti A})0, Helsingfors; S:t Petersbonrough and the hortis, in — d^Udekem, 5; ' around Onega (KesslerJ Nota Lumhricum purpKreuni, in fagetis Scaniae celeberrimo Eisen lectum citatoque in opere descriptum, in cjuercetis Fenniae inveniendum fore haud dubito I)b Setae per appro ximatae, laterales et ventrales; processus Lobus cephalicus aaa j»aria segmentum buccale ex lobi cephalici Sulcus lobi cephalici ex('avationeni format infi'a pai'te tantum findit sulco longitudinali in apiccni Segg corp productus, ibidem im])ressionoml clxxx (/Ix — L coiiimiiiiis, Hoffm Corpus i-ylhidricu)n pigniento cutis caret; attcimafuni nee applanaretrorsuut ininiuu' uittrorsuin consp/cue j/rocessus brevis, Lohi(s cephalicus segmento burralilongior; tmn dim id lam |/ tertiam parton lobi ccpiiatici findit Tei'rncae rcnirales secjmento Cingulun/- conspicnuui, mediocre; et in XIL XIII, XIX XXVI XXIX XXVI XXX— XXXII, XXXIV XXXVI; papillarum paria ij Setae ralde apjiroxitnafae, Segmenta bi-et triannulata indistincta par siiperius laterale Long circ 200 m >n (2l-|-8-[-49) Si/non Lumbricus terrestris ex S Nat XUI j) Linnc F Su ii 504 ,Ai' 2073 Lumbricus anatomicus, Hoffmeister 1843 p 188; Grulje 99 c& 145; Gerstfeldt 268; G Johnston 60 & 330; (L xanthuru-s- 62 gordianus 63 et minor 5!) & 329 G JohnstonV) 0LIG6CHAETA 21 Lumbricus communis, Hoffmeister Regenw Mcms, 23; d'Udekem Lom- 36; Kessler 104; Eisen 962 — Abo, Reso, Habitat in humo, ubique frequentissimus Skuru, Helsingfors, Mantsala; territory of Olonetz (Kessler) Obs! The varieties mentiouecl by Hoffmeister and Eisen occur in Finland, though intermediary forms are very common Lumbricus communis pellucidus I once got under a couch of moss at the bottom of a small water-pit in the cleft of a mountain — Sulcus lobi cephalici apici non attinigt begg Ixxx — c Corpus cmgulare, antrm-sum aliquaimdu/n L chloroticus, Sav attenuafum Cinqulum mcuptum, prominens, glabrum; XXVIII, XXIX — XXXV, XXXVI XXX Vll XXXVIII; papillarmn jMria Ivj; termeae in IX segmento; segmenta rugis subtiUssimis bi-l, triammlata angusta Lobus ee^ihalieus parvus, apice rotimdatus; processus duas partes segment i bucealis fmdit Tuber eula ventralia magna, in XIV XVI-qusegvientuni extensa Setae parmm prominentes; per paria valde aqiproxie matae; par superms laterale Long cire 80 m, m (11 -[-5+35) Synon Enterion chlorotioum, Savigny-Cuvier 110 Enterion virescens, Sav.-Cuvier 110 Lumbricus riparius, Hoifmeister 1843 p 189; Eegenw 30; Grube 99 (& 145; d'Udekem, Lotobricins 39; Eisen 965 Lxmibricus viridis, G Johnston 60 Lumbrici minoiis var virescens, G Johnston 330 Lumbricus brevispinus'? Gerstfeldt 269 Habitat in locis arenoso-argillaceis, passim non effugit, in gyrum vero sese involvit — Abo — Trritatus As I never have found this species near the shogiving it the name above, which besides fully correspond to the real colour of its body Obs! res, I prefer bbb Lobus cephalicus infra sulco nullo Segmenta xe — c Corpus fere cylindricum, paulhtlum applanaL olidus, Hoifm tmn, antrorsiim par urn aftenuatum,; pars corporis ante cingulum ct tinea in medio d,orsi pone cingulum badia; segmenta caeterum incolorata Lobus cephalicus perbrevis, pellucidus; processus dimidiam' segmenti bucealis fmdit Cingulum rubicundtvm, crassmn, inolle; saeqte deest; XXIV XXXI, segmenta vj vel vij complect if ur Papillae hand ronspicnae Segmentum anale penultimo brevius I longitudine par est Setae adinnduni approximatae; setarum paria se invieem disfantia Segmenta triannulafa, e poris dorsalibus succum secernent copiosum Lactu- XXV— XXX eario redolenteni Long 80 m, m (15,5+6-f-35 m m.) Synon Enterion fetidum Savigny-Cuvief 110 Lumbricus olidus, Hoffmeister 1843 p 190; de Verniilius genw 32; d'Udekem, Lombiicins 40 Lumbricus foetidus, Grube 99 & 145: G, Johnstou 61 Eisen 960 24: d' Re331: OUGOCHAETA, 22 Habitat Setae cc (in locis se invicem spatiis dorsales, laterales et ventrales ex parte tantum — arenaceis; Hoifm.) aequalibus Runsala; Ylane fere aequalibus distantes, Processiis lobi ceplialici segmentum buecale flndit Corpus angulare in tdramque extremitatetn L piiter, Hoffm aliquantulum attemmtum, mit totum badium aut exceptis dorso partis Lobus ante cingulum lineaque in medio dorsi elevata hadiis, pallidtim eephalicus parvus truncatus; processus laftis, dimddiain segmenti buecaCingulum, conspicuum\ papillaruni paria lis findit; infra suleo nulla conspicua; aut aut rariiis ij iiiterduni XXXIV, XXVI— XXXI, XXXII, XXVU— XXXII atd XXIX — XXXm, XXXIII; segmenta rj vel vij [rar Segmentum anale penultimo longitis, Segmenta praeeomplectitur, eingularia bi-, j>ost-eingtdaria triannnlafa Setae prominentes verniem vj — In aquosis oeeurerunt individua quorum reddunt quasi oetanqularem [rarius XXVII— XXXII cingula^-segmenta XXIX—XXXIII, XXXIII] conplexa sunt; papillarum paribus ij eonspieuis, nutneroque XXXIV segmentorum Ixxviij — ev; longit 45 m m [12-| 3,5-|-20; 14-j-3-|-28] — In arboribus truncisque ptitridis, sub eortice Tiltae rivae indiridna' legi XXXI, XXXII; papillae inconspiouae; numerus quorunn cingula m, m [8-j-3,5-|-22] segmentorum cxlij; longit, 33 XXVI— ,r, Synon Enterion octaedrmn, SaVigny-Cuvier ill [nonHoffnieister] Lumbricus puter Hoffmeister [?] Eegenw 33; (pieter^ d'lJdekem, Lombricins 41; Gnibe 99 k 145; Eisen 959 Lumbricusfputor, G Johnston 62 sala; Habitat (vide supra) Parikkala (J Sahlberg) — Abo, Reso, Helsingfors, Mant- Obs ! It appears strange to me that HofPmeister has found Borstenpaare mehr genahert, als bei der vorigen Art (L In this species as well as in the L olidus the oHdus)» back is often highly ridged which is especially perceptible in specimens put up in spirit »die — b Tubercula ventralia in xm corporis segmento Corpus praesertim, postice, quadr angulare; L tetraSdrus, Sav antrorsum paulhduni, retrorsum magis attenuatum, eoncolor, flavidumbadium Lobus eephalicus parvus pellueidus, segmento buccali brevior; processus brevis, angustus, dim%d,iam L trientem segmenti buccalis finCingulum aliquantum prominens; dit; infra stdco longitudinali nulla XXI, XXII—XXV, XXVI, XXVII; utroqtie latere sulco longltudmaU terminatum Setae pier paria paulhdu/m appiroximatae, par siipei-ins laSegmenta Ix—lxxx; tera-dorsale, tinde habitus animalis quadr angtdaris Long 23 28,5 m m seqmentiim anale praeanali parumt langius /6+2+15; 7,5+3+18,- 8+2.5+17; 7+2+15,5.7 [70 m m.sec Hoffm.] — - Synon Enterion teti'aedrum, Sa^^gny-Cuvier 111 Lnmbricus agilis, Hoffmeister 1843 p 191; Regenw Lombrieins 42 Lnmbricx;s tetraedrus, Grube 99 & 36; d'Udekem, 145; Eisen 967; G Johnston 61 OLIGOCHAETA 23 — vik, FagerHabitat iw aqtiosis, ripis etc baud rarus; agilis Ekenas, Helsinge, Maotsala; Parikkala (J Sahlberg) In ^ForhancUiagar vid de Skandinaviske Natm-forskarenes iu6te» pag 273, prof Boeek tells that he has found in Norway six species of Lumbricas; of them three were found in the the At of Troudhjem and only one at Hammerfest D:r Beck told himself to have found eleven Savigny species in the environs of Lijmfjorden en\n[rons same diiferent leisure — (Cuvier Histou'e des progres) describes twenty species Fam TUBIFICINA, d'Udek Corpus anmilatum Lotus eephaliSegrnenta eus ill labricm superkis, interditm ralde longum produchcs Tegumenta corporis musculosa, admodmn peleorporis numerosissiina lucida Series fascieulorum setarum ji\ setae out uneinatae, aid furcatae; mterdwm in eodem fascieulo reperiimtur setae et siobulatae [capilli] ef fureatae Tubus ryibarius rectus Os segmento buccali inferius VenApparatus cireulationis aut triculus museulosus deest; anus terminalis cordibus ij lateralihus, aut ra/mis lateralibus; ratni vasorum sacculis coeds contractilibus termiiwH Sanguis ruber I lufeoruber Ovula pro exiguo corpore permagna, plura in capjsulis eonglut inata Aquarutn et dtdcium et suhsaUnarum incolae A Setae fiu'catae; rami vasorum indivisi Tiibifex Fasciculi setarum super iores setis gati/l cut furcatis I R%mi vasorum in furcato-pectinatis, interdiim eapillis inte.nnixtis VIII seg)ncnto in cordo, transformati* a Tegumenta nuda; sanguis ruber aa Fasciculi setarum capillis / setis subulatis) destituti * A S Oersted (De regionibus marinis, Hauniae 1844 p 6S) gives genus Tubifex limits, that seem to me to be preferal^le to those of d'Udekem: sTubificis genus differt a Lumbricillo praecipue setis dorsahbus partim capiUaribus, partim u.ncinatis» Thus the gxoup a a a might be disunited from that genus and together with Euaxes and Lumliriculus (irube and Helodiilus, Hoffm transferred into the -familia Lambricillorum Oerst., XumbriciUus, whose nota eharacteristica is given in the following words Lumbiicillorum familiae tj^pus, distinguitm- setis et superioribus et inferioribus subulatis, abbre\-iatis ferme rectis> However, as Oersted does not mention the relation of the blood-vessels, one cannot have regard for the limits given by him I also think it necessary to mention, that I have l)een imabled to further investigations about Tubificina, Enc-hytraeina and Nai'dina, after that time as I got the papers of Diesinu', d'T'dekem Olapanxle and to the — — , : — Ratzel OLIGOCHAETA 24 Corpus perqtmm longuni, fUiforme seyelong'atws, d'Udek consfnf circifer eel, quorum longitudo latitudinem vix superat Extremifrift cpphallca affcimata; segmenta posteriora rugis transversis in Cutis pelhicidn Os infenmn, subterminale annulo.t minorps siiJxIlrisa T mentis Fasciculi setarum hmarumi-quinarimi qtiaferni Intestimtm Oeuli nu/li Vasa sanSanguis ruber simplex [clircrfieula saltern ineonspieua] Hamuli vasorum nulli Long eire 70 m m guifera ampin, Syv Tubitex elongatus, d'Udekein 1865 Nais gigantea, Kessler p 106 ('?) *) p 544; 1859 Habifat: in limo ad ligna submersa, quorum in rimas fisLiber in aqua pura asservasurasque irritatus sese retrahit in tUvS globulum sese contorquet Aquarum dulcium incola — Mantsala Corpus cgliudrieum, segmentis circitfr T [V] annellatus, Xessler confeetum prominulis, quorum umnuqrodque interseetionibusprofiinflis a proximis' (Hscretum, in annulos iij suhdivisuru, quorum quidemniedius Corpus atttem fere totum, eadem eaeteribus latior tnagisque p)rominens latitudine gctudet, exceptis fantum summis extremitatihus, quas rersus patdhdunn decrsseit, segmentisque X, XI et XIL in quihus aperfurae Setas brcp'/sLcl i-.s cephalieus a segmenio buccali discretus genitales simas legit Kessler in faseieulis binas, inferdwm autem trinas Segmenta X, XI et XII eaeteris aliquanto erassiora; praeterea segmentum deeiinum, subtiis append ieilms ij lanceolatis ornatum Color albido-einereus Long Ix ' 20 m, m., kit it 0,9 Syn Stylodrilus Heringianus Claparede 1802 Enchytraeus annellatus, Kessler 105, Limo inhabitantem in Laptschinski, sec Kessler hb Fasciculi setaram satis sinu [?] Ladogae Sartanlaks inveuit subulatis capiUis instructi furcatas intermixtis T rivulorum, d'Udek specie! adscribo animal a Laptschinski in limo sinus Ladogae Sartanlaks inventum, Kessleroque aUatum: Lobus ceplialicus prominulo-conieus, a segmerdo buccali discretus, Os inferum Corpus fere cylindricum, extremitates verstis paullulmn Huic Cingtdnm crassum, segSegmenta circiter xc, tantum attemiattmn .mbtus mentis qiiatuor, seilicet IX XII, confectimi Segmenta IX et praeter fasciculos setarum, eosque interpositimi, par offerunt rerrucarum — X Diagnosis Na'idis giganteae Kesslero relata haec est aLo*) N t a bus cephalieus conicus,, segmento buccali continuus Habitus corporis eidem : Naidis papillosae Kessler omnes tae bifurcatae (= Tubifex Bonneti»^ assimiUs Segmentum buccale setis destitutuni Oculi nulli Se- Fasciculi seta- quaterni setis gaudent in n segmento octonis, HI septenis, IV sextenis, VI quaternis, vii IX ti'inis, eaeteribus in segmentis autem l)inis Aperturae genitales in XI coi-poris segmento Segmentoram numenis pro Indi^^duum maximum longitudine gaudens m longitudine "animalis varius Fragilliinus est, ut inte65, latit 2, segmenta obtulit ducentis plura rum Y quinis, — — m grum reperire animal facile nequeas» OLI(U3CHAELA q/Mrum 25 Fasciculi siiperiores bini segmentfcnwi.s-./ concerning the family of Enchytraeina, in as much as different authors have directed a peculiar attention to different organs and but very little taken notice of the alterations Avhich depend on the development of those animals or on other circumstances The » corpora perigastrii> for instance, I think, will vary very much, as for the more or less fine-granulous contents of them, The number before and after the animal has taken its food In Finland Enchytraeina of the spines also vary after age are very common and occur almost every where amongst rotting leaves and wracks (Fucus) in the shores, as well as in the fields There are also specimens with spines of aequal length and lymphatic globules of almost round, flattened shape with very distinct kernel and nmnerous fine granules (E vermicu- — — laris, d'Udekem?) % Fam NaidinA, d'Udek Cutis pertenuis, pellneidus Lobus eepJialicus segmento bnccali contimms, saepe in labrum supjerius perquam longum pr otr actus ; labrum autem stiperitis interdum deest Os terminale Tubus L subterminale inferum Dilatatio stomaehalis una I plures 28 OLIGOCHAETA cibarius reetm ; amis terminalis, appemUeibus hranehialibus obsitum _ rubieundusve ciliis vihratilibus, Setae^in fascieulis binis ant ittrumque crtfae suUdafaeve {mpilU) s/d/'s mrlf/sa I, quafprnis: Ontin A Appendices anales brancliiales nullae iorum sulralatae (capilli), inferioi-um furcatae (ait niaipift, o/trnes fur- singula cap- setae fasciculorum super- ; Os siihtermmale infermn Xa'is, Miiller interdum (Dero) Sanguis ant ineoloratus, aut ruber Tubus cibarius siviplex Cinguhmi mdlimi Lobus cephalieus n pilli in filixm rostrum longum productus; segmentis v anticis desimt in ca- XXX— X proboseidea,' Miill Segmenta corporis XXXV; caput corpore latius, Oculi dtio In quoque segmento fasciculi ventrales setarimi j rj fnrca.tarnni quaterni, dorsales capiUorum s i ngulortcm I binnruni tiiui Capilli setis venfyaJibus quadrujjfo longiores Long m m — Syn Nais proboscidea, F Miiller et 1859 Stylaria lacustris, G Johnston 70 I, 11 ^l: Oriibi^ U7; d'Udekem 1855 Aquarum dulcium nee h Lolnis cephalieus obtusus X eliuguis, Uruii duo dis probnscideae bini Syn 18,55 et Abo, subsaliuarmn incola iion Ingk, Nadendal Helsiiig:fors, Miill Pone caput fasciae transversae nullae Setaram ratio longitudoque aaimalculi acque Nai's elinguis, F Miiller I Capilli id Nai- 22; Grube 147; d'Udekem II 1859 Aquarum duleium iueola — Helsingfors, Nadendal B Appendices anales nullae; setae siiperiures nullae; inferiores omues rectae (indistincte furcatae V) I'iugulum couspiiauim C'litellio, Sctar (rrube rectae in fascieulis vcntralibus ^ubuJatae quaternis Lobus cephalieus Tractus cibarius si?uVT), oesophciyus dirisus scilicet: pharynx (J C iniuutiis, Grube (p 147 contimms ple:r., {?) pc(rru.s: os distinete in jxnirs {Vn—Xin\ j'r ?) Cutis pellucida inferum subtermiuale intestinuin (XVJ In segvfento XI c/ingulum album, tttmidum, am^ditudine caetera segmenta •