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Yen Hoa High School ENGLISH 12 School year 2018 - 2019 REVISION FOR THE SECOND TERM EXAM Part 1: The Matrix TOPIC CONTENT Sentences PHONOLOGY Word stress Underlined parts ERROR IDENTIFICATION VOCABULARY, Word formation, Collocations, Verb tenses, STRUCTURE & Gerund and Infinitive GRAMMAR Participles, Passive voice, Subject – verb 14 agreement, Subjunctive, Modal verbs, Reported speech, Conditional sentences, Relative clauses, Articles, Prepositions, Phrasal verbs, Idioms CROSS – CULTURAL Social responses, Questions and answers, SITUATIONS Requests and permission SYNONYM Closest in meaning ANTONYM Opposite in meaning WRITING The sentence that is closest in the meaning The sentence that best combines each pair of sentences READING Guided Cloze Text Reading Comprehension - Passage - Passage TOTAL 50 Part Content UNIT TOPIC GRAMMAR POINTS UNIT ENDANGERED SPECIES - The future perfect - Double comparatives UNIT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - The active and passive causatives UNIT THE WORLD OF WORK - Reported speech: reporting order, request, offers, advice, instructions, … UNIT CHOOSING A CAREER - Phrasal verbs - Adverbial clauses of condition, comparison, manner, and result UNIT 10 LIFELONG LEARNING - Conditionals Type - Mixed conditionals of Type and Type Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions A interfered B accompanied C implemented D performed A repeats B coughs C avoids D attacks A school B blood C choose D bamboo A telephone B interpreter C perverted D restaurant A measure B decision C permission D pleasure A hand B bank C sand D band A academic B grade C behave D examination A introduces B leaves C practices D wishes A concentrate B confine C convention D conceal 10 A great B wheat C break D brake 11 A struggle B support C suffer D destruction 12 A measles B meant C leader D teacher 13 A needed B afforded C advanced D invented 14 A agency B attainment C aquatic D awareness 15 A while B white C which D who 16 A cheap B children C chemist D church 17 A continents B purchase C forecast D closed 18 A breathe B Southern C teeth D clothes 19 A brush B rush C push D crush 20 A cooks B loves C joins D spends Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions A extinction B animal C classify D primary A entertainment B information C difficulty D understanding A agency B temporary C initiate D conference A committee B emergency C catastrophe D colony A university B information C optimistic D compulsory A primary B October C general D separate A preservative B congratulate C preferential D development A president B physicist C inventor D property A economy B unemployment C fidelity D particular 10 A annual B announce C formal D sculpture 11 A maximum B windowpane C enjoyment D organize 12 A confide B maintain C require D decent 13 A preventive B counterpart C argument D terrorist 14 A tremendous B causality C communicate D digital 15 A geologically B obsolete C picturesque D refugee 16 A advertise B practice C advise D promise 17 A commuter B compliance C competent D computer 18 A participant B accidental C parentheses D industrial 19 A competence B compliment C comfortable D companion 20 A perversity B character C distinguish D reflective Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions We have to apply effective measures to save many plant and animal species …… extinction A from B out of C off D away The world's biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, which makes wildlife …… A prosperous B perfect C vulnerable D remained I caught …… of a lion lying under the tree, and my heart jumped A view B sight C look D scene Even though he was bored …… doing the same thing every day, he was nervous …… making a change A about/ at B with/ for C in/ about D with/ about Last night, …… nothing to watch on TV, we went out A there being B there having C having had D being I remember …… him It was a five-dollar note A paid B to pay C paying D to have paid They …… the bridge by the time you come back A will finish B will have finished C will be finished D have finished The passage …… that the first settlers were Spanish A refers B instills C implies D infers Show me the house …… A where they are living in B which they are living C where they are living there D where they are living 10 I suggest the room …… before Christmas A being decorated B be decorated C needs decorating C needs being decorated 11 …… when I the phone rang A Scarcely I came into the room B No sooner had I come into the room C Not until I came into the room D Hardly had I come into the room 12 Some people feel that television should give less …… to sport A programmers B coverage C concern D involvement 13 Boys! …… away all your toys and go to bed right now A Come B Lie C Put D Sit 14 In conferences, speakers …… the audience mainly in English A say B speak C talk D address C rang D to be ringing C order D method 15 I was woken by a bell …… A ringing B being ringing 16 Can you give me the …… for tomato soup? A formula B recipe 17 Candles …… from beeswax burn with a very clean fame A are made B making C which make D made 18 The closer we are to our trip to Boston, the …… my students become A more exciting B more excited C more and more exciting D more and more excited 19 I met …… that I decided to book the room right away A such nice a receptionist B so nice a receptionist C a nice receptionist D a receptionist so nice 20 The Red Cross is aimed …… providing medical aid and other help to victims of natural disasters A in B at C to D for 21 Your picture is …… to the picture in my bedroom A the same B identical C familiar D resembling 22 Kate, …… I studied with in the secondary school, is now a famous surgeon A that B the girl C Ø D whom 23 They gave me their address …… send them a brochure A so as that I B so that I could C in order to D with a view to 24 Africa has always had a large migratory population because of war and …… famine A a B an C the D Ø 25 The customer had tried …… some blouses, but none of them suited her A with B out C in D on 26 She's a fast typist, but she usually makes quite a lot of spelling …… A wrongs B mistakes C faults D tricks 27 I'm very tired now …… over two hundred miles today A I've been driving B I drive C I'm driving D I've driven 28 The student …… the highest score will be awarded a scholarship A who receive B receiving C received D receives C repair D being repairing 29 As we walked past, we saw John …… his car A repairing B to be repairing 30 The government made serious attempts to raise the …… of living A standard B cost C level D mode C subscribers D spectators 31 That popular magazine has many …… A denominations B prescriptions 32 By 1890, there were over 60 steamboats on the Mississippi River, …… were quite luxurious A many of them B many of which C which many D many of those 33 What a heavy fog we have! I'm sure our flight will surely behind …… A schedule B plan C time D shipment 34 He …… in this office for 10 years by next Monday A will be working B will work C will have been working D is going to work 35 The authority …… down that building to build a supermarket A knocked B came C went D fell 36 We were shocked to hear the news of your …… A having fired B being fired C having been fired D to have been fired 37 You cannot ski on those tracks any longer, for most of the snow has …… A broken B dissolved C melted D vaporized 38 She passed the exam with excellent results and was …… a scholarship A rewarded B presented C gained D granted 39 The building …… walls are made of glass is the place where I used to work A whose B which C by which D of which 40 A part-time job gives me the freedom to …… my own interests A pursue B seek C chase D run after Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions City developed at the point where the Hudson and Passaic rivers mingle with the water of the Atlantic Ocean A associate B socialize C mix D part Bone and ivory are light, strong and accessible materials for Inuit artists A available B beautiful C economic D natural The trouble with Frank is that he never turns up on time for the meeting A arrives B tests C delays D takes after If the headmaster were here, he would sign your papers immediately A right ahead B currently C formerly D right away Few businesses are flourishing in the present economic climate A growing well B setting up C closing down D taking off Many plant and animal species will be in danger if we don't take any actions to protect them A on purpose B at ease C at stake D in advance The speaker will start his speech as soon as everyone has arrived A solve B draft C end D commence C pleasant D courageous We all love Mary because she is very congenial A energetic B active I take my hat off to those who are determined to work and gain success thanks to their real ability A like B respect C ignore D remind 10 Corn, domesticated by the American Indians, was brought to Europe by Columbus A trained B cultivated C implanted D reared 11 He didn’t bat an eye when he realized he failed the exam again A didn’t want to see B didn’t show surprise C wasn’t happy D didn’t care 12 The most abundant mineral derived from the sea is sodium chloride, or common salt A copious B sufficient C generous D plentiful 13 Please, Uncle Jack, give me a piggyback! A a ride on someone back or shoulder B a small bag C people who arrived to settle in Bangkok 2000 D a black big 14 At every faculty meeting, Ms Valatie always manages to put her foot in her mouth A trip over her big feet B say the wrong thing C move rapidly D fall asleep 15 My uncle, who is an accomplished guitarist, taught me how to play A skillful B famous C perfect D modest 16 He is an honest man You can rely on him to a good job A take in B base on C count on D put up with 17 There is no alternative The president must approve the bill if the Congress passes it A possible agreement B amendment C other choice D tome to think 18 Paris is the ideal place to learn French; it’s a beautiful and hospitable city with institutions for high quality linguistic teaching A friendly B natural C affectionate D noticeable 19 The famous racehorse Secretariat had to be destroyed because of a painful, incurable hoof disease A disabling B vexatious C dangerous D irreparable 20 In most countries, compulsory military service does not apply to women A superior B mandatory C beneficial D constructive Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions It is a base from which we can go into the world with confidence A doubt B faith C belief D trust A large number of Indian men agree that it is unwise to confide in their wives A foolish B silly C stupid D prudent The boys are quite active and mischievous sometimes A obedient B badly behaved C uncontrollable D naughty Traditionally, Americans and Asians have very different ideas about love and marriage A unlike B diverse C varied D similar The consequences of the typhoon were disastrous due to the lack of precautionary measures A physical B severe C beneficial D damaging Vietnam’s admission to the World Trade Organization (WTO) has promoted its trade relations with other countries A balanced B restricted C expanded D boosted Cancer is becoming one of the common diseases A universal B rare C ordinary D usual The earth is being threatened and the future looks bad A done B made C defended D varied About 95 percent of all animals are invertebrates which can live anywhere, but most, like the starfish and crabs, live in the ocean A with backbones B with ribs C without ribs D without backbones 10 They have not made any effort to integrate with the local community A cooperate B put together C separate D connect 11 China has become the third country in the world which can independently carried out the manned space activities A put in B put off C put on D put up 12 Education is desperately needed in many countries where a high percentage of the population is unable to read and write A verbal B wordy C literate D learned 13 Some vegetables are grown without soil and artificial light A real B natural C true D genuine 14 We run a very tight ship here, and we expect our employees to be at their desks by eight o’clock and take good care of their own business A organize things inefficiently B have a good voyage C run faster than others D impossible to reach 15 The machine has been out of order since last month A under repair B functioning well C sold out D refusing orders 16 We must use our natural resources sparingly or it will be exhausted in a relatively short time A economically B hardly C scarcely D wastefully 17 She had a temporary job as a typist in a photocopy store A well-paid B permanent C satisfactory D challenging 18 He had never experienced such discourtesy towards the president as it occurred at the annual meeting in May A politeness B rudeness C measurement D encouragement 19 Adverse reviews in the press may greatly change the prospects of a product A encouraging B additional C sensible D favorable 20 There is practically no difference between the two options A virtually B hardly C usually D exactly Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges - “Shall we go to the theatre tonight?” - “…….” A Yes, let's B Yes, we shall C Yes, please go D Yes, we go “Would you like me to get you another cup of tea?” - “…….” A Yes, I can’t stand drinking tea B At the end of the tea break, I think C I’m looking for tea around here D No thanks, one is enough - “Do you mind if I borrow a chair?” - “…….” Do you need only one?” A Yes, I B Yes, I would C Not at all D I’m sorry - “Has an announcement been made about the eight o’clock flight to Paris?” - “…….” A Sorry, I don’t B Yes, it was C I don’t think that D Not yet - “Congratulations on your success!” - “…….” A Not at all B All right C The same to you D Thank you - “Make yourself at home.” - “…….” A Yes, can I help you? B Not at all, don’t mention it C Thanks! The same to you D It’s very kind of you Thank you - “More coffee? Anybody?” - “…….” A I don’t agree, I’m afraid B I’d love to C Yes, please D It’s right I think - “Thank you very much for your donation.” - “…….” A Delighted I was able to help B I see C You are right D You can say that again - “I thought your performance last Sunday was wonderful.” - “…….” A I completely agree with you It was terrific B No doubt! C Don’t tell a lie I thought it was terrible D You must be kidding It was not as good as I had expected 10 - “What you want me to cook for your dinner?” - “…….” A Yes, give up B Yeah, your meal is great C It’s up to you D Let me go 11 - “Hello, I’d like to speak to Mrs Smith.” - “…….” A Sure B Who are you? C Hang on, please I’ll put you through D Of course you can 12 - “Wow, I’ve never seen such a nice cell phone” - “…….” A Thank you I’m glad you like it B I agree with you C Oh, I don’t know D You’re welcome 13 - “What you want me to cook for your dinner?” - “…….” A Yes, give up B Yeah, your meal is great C It’s up to you D Let me go 14 - “What a lovely house you have!” - “…….” A Of course not, it’s not costly B Thank you Hope you will drop in C I think so D No problem 15 Monica and Mathew are on the way home - Monica: “I think we should recycle these bags It will help protect the environment.” - Mathew: - “…….” A I can’t agree with you more B It’s rubbish We shouldn’t use it C Never mind D You can’t say that again 16 Two friends Stephanie and Scott are preparing for their first lesson at school - Stephanie: “Oh, no! I left my book at home Can I share yours?” - Scott: - “…….” A Yes, I too B No, thanks C No, not at all! D Yes, sure! 17 - “How well you are playing!” - “…….” A Say it again I like to hear your words B Thank you too much C I think so I am proud of myself D You’ve got to be kidding I’ve just learnt to play 18 - "You didn't go to school yesterday, did you?” - “…… I saw you, but I was too busy to talk to you." A Yes, I did B No, I did C No, I didn't D Yes, I didn't 19 - "Janet, make us some tea, will you?” - “…….” A No, I won't I’m afraid B Sorry I don't C Don't worry Go ahead D I can't, I'm afraid 20 - “Do you feel like going to the cinema this evening?” - “…….” A I don't agree, I'm afraid B You’re welcome C That would be great D I feel very bored Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions My mother had the house decorated A The house was decorated by my mother B My mother had someone decorate the house C My mother had to decorate the house D My mother has just decorated the house Their dog was so fierce that nobody would visit them 10 I can't stand this weather It's getting worse and worse A The weather is making me worse B The weather is not better but I can stand it C I can't stand up in this bad weather D I can't bear this bad weather any more They are my two sisters They aren’t teachers like me A They are my two sisters, both of those are teachers like me B They are my two sisters, neither of whom are teachers like me C Like me, neither of my two sisters are teachers D They are my two sisters, who neither are teachers like me The man jumped out of the boat He was bitten by a shark A Bitten by a shark, the man jumped out of the boat B After jumping out of the boat, the man was bitten by a shark C Biting by a shark, the man jumped out of the boat D After bitten, the shark jumped out of the boat He arrived home late He found his burned-down house only in debris A On arriving home late, what he found was the debris of his burnt-down house B Arriving home late, he found only the debris of the burnt-down house C When he arrived home late, he found his house was still burning down D On his late home arrival, his house had been burnt down into debris He cannot lend me the book now He has not finished reading it yet A Having finished reading the book, he cannot lend it to me B He cannot lend me the book until he has finished reading it C As long as he cannot finish reading the book, he will lend it to me D Not having finished reading the book, he will lend it to me He behaved in a very strange way That surprised me a lot A His behaviour was a very strange thing, that surprised a lot B He behaved very strangely, which surprised me a lot C What almost surprised me was the strange way he behaved D I was almost not surprised by his strange behaviour Overeating is a cause of several deadly diseases Physical inactivity is another cause of several deadly diseases A Both overeating and physical inactivity result from several deadly diseases B Not only overeating but also physical inactivity may lead to several deadly diseases C Overeating and physical inactivity are caused by several deadly diseases D Apart from physical activities, eating too much also contributes to several deadly diseases 14 10 A man got on the bus He was carrying a lot of money in the box A A man carrying a lot of money in the box got on the bus B A man got on the bus who was carrying a lot of money in the box C A man which was carrying a lot of money in the box got on the bus D A man whom was carrying a lot of money in the box got on the bus 11 He felt very tired However, he was determined to continue to climb up the mountain A Tired as he might feel, he was determined to continue to climb up the mountain B As the result of his tiredness, he was determined to continue to climb up the mountain C Feeling very tired, he was determined to continue to climb up the mountain D He felt so tired that he was determined to continue to climb up the mountain 12 She phoned him early in the morning She wanted to make sure she caught him before he left for work A She phoned him early in the morning so as to want to catch him before he left for work B She phoned him early in the morning that she should catch him before he left for work C She phoned him early in the morning with a view to catching him before he left for work D She phoned him early in the morning so that she wanted to make sure she caught him before he left for work 13 The stamps were collected by my grandfather They are worth a fortune A The stamps were collected by my grandfather, which are worth a fortune B The stamps were collected by grandfather are worth a fortune C The stamps collected by grandfather are worth a fortune D The stamps are worth a fortune as they were collected by grandfather 14 It was his own fault that he lost his job He was late for work every morning A If he wasn’t late for work every morning, he wouldn’t lose his job B Because he lost his job, he was late for work every morning C Although he was late for work every morning, he didn’t lose his job D If he hadn’t been late for work every morning, he wouldn’t have lost his job 15 No one but the experts was able to realize that the painting was an imitation It greatly resembled the original A It was obvious that only a person with great talent could fake a painting so successfully B It was hard for ordinary people to judge between the fake painting and the real one, but not for the experts C It was almost impossible for amateurs to realize that the painting was not authentic, though the experts could judge it quite easily D The painting looked so much like the authentic one that only the experts could tell it wasn't genuine 15 16 The training course is too expensive I can’t afford it A It was such an expensive training course that I couldn’t afford it B It was so expensive training course that I couldn’t afford it C It was too expensive training course that I couldn’t afford it D It was a very expensive training course that I couldn’t afford it 17 No member in the team came to his birthday party But Julia did come A Julia was the only member in the team to come to his birthday party B Not only did Julia come to his birthday party but also other members did C Julia was one of the members who came to his birthday party D Every member in the team came to his birthday party 18 He is not flexible in his work That is why he doesn't have many friends A Such is his inflexibility in his work that he doesn't have many friends B Inflexibility in his work is not why he doesn't have many friends C Having almost no friends makes him inflexible in his work D He is not popular with many people although he is flexible in his work 19 I can earn enough money to support my family Thank you for your job offer A Had you not offered me the job, earning enough money to support my family would have been difficult B Had you not offered me the job, earning enough money to support my family would be difficult C Were you not to offer me the job, earning enough money to support my family would be difficult D Should you not offer me the job, earning enough money to support my family will be difficult 20 He was successful because he was determined to pursue personal goals He was not talented A It was his determination to pursue personal goals, not talent, that contributed to his success B In addition to his determination, his talent ensured his success in pursuing his goals C His success lay in his natural ability, not in his determination to pursue personal goals D His determination to pursue personal goals made him successful and talented Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions Although they always argue with each other, but they are good friends A B C D By the time we start our work, she will explain everything clearly A B C D 16 Singapore plays an active role in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, of that it is a A B C founding member D I have no confident to participate in the English – speaking competition A B C D You can enjoy a sport without joining in a club or belonging to a team A B C D The phone rung while I was washing the dishes A B C D Only when the famine gets worse world governments will begin to act A B C D Publishing in the UK, the book has won a number of awards in recent regional book fairs A B C D The Netherlands, with much of the land lying lower than sea level, have a system of dikes A B C and canals for controlling water D 10 We can communicate not only through words or through body language A B C D 11 Professor Layton was equally fond of the two children, but he had to admit that he found A B the youngest an easier child to handle C D 12 I'd prefer to it on myself, because other people make me nervous A B C D 13 Viet Nam Airlines regrets informing passengers that flight VN 251 to Hanoi is postponed A B C due to bad weather D 14 One or the other of the secretaries have to attend the meeting But both of them are reluctant A B C to so D 15 My father used to give me a good advice whenever I had a problem A B C D 17 16 Higher general education generally took place in a university or college A B C D 17 The closer it gets to December 21, the first day of winter, the short the days become A B C D 18 Dams are used to control flooding, provide water for irrigation and generating electricity for A B C the surrounding area D 19 I couldn’t understand what was happening, so I asked the boy sit next to me for help A B C D 20 That Columbus was not the first man to set foot on the New World were unknown A B C to many people D Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from to PASSAGE Nowadays people are more aware that wildlife all over the world is in (1) …… Many species of animals are threatened, and could easily become (2) …… if we not make an effort to (3) …… them There are many reasons for this In some cases, animals are hunted for their fur or for other valuable parts of their bodies Some birds, such as parrots, are caught alive, and sold as pets For many animals and birds, the problem is that their habitat - the place where they live is disappearing More land is used for farms, for houses and industry, and there are fewer open spaces than there once were Farmers use powerful chemicals to help them grow better (4) ……., but these chemicals pollute the environment and (5) …… wildlife Join hands to protect our planet A problem B vanishing C threat D danger A empty B disappeared C extinct D vanished A serve B protect C defend D harm A products B fields C crops D herbs A wound B wrong C harm D spoil 18 PASSAGE It is a fairly common belief in Britain that men these days more housework than they did in previous generations But is this really so? A recent survey has (1) …… some interesting discoveries When men help out, they enjoy cooking and shopping but most are unwilling to (2) …… the washing A quarter of men think that women are better suited to looking after the home than men and 19% admit to making no (3) …… to housework The average man says he does a third of the housework, (4) …… the average woman says she does three-quarters of it, so someone isn't telling the truth! It was impossible to find any men who shared housework equally with their partners Perhaps it isn't so (5) …… that there are some politicians who want a new law forcing men to their share A done B found C made D given A take B C make D go A share B contribution C part D help A while B therefore C so D because A surprising B surprised C surprise D surprises PASSAGE If women choose to pursue a career once they have children, they often miss out on a close (1) …… with their children Helen Jamieson is a mother of three who has given (2) …… work to look after her children full-time She strongly believes that women are pressurized to too much, driving themselves to the absolute limit In her own case, after six years of paid employment, Helen finally decided to call it a day She says she initially found it hard being at home, though she never misses the job itself She admits that if she had had a brilliant career to begin (3) ……., she might feel differently now Financially, she is no worse off (4) …… before, as the cost of childcare and commuting exceeded her actual income (5) …… the government starts to give other tax incentives to working parents, she says she will not return to the workplace until her children are grown up A relationship B contact C link D connection A in B to C out D up A to B up C at D with A than B so C as D then 19 A Unless B Even if C Provided D If PASSAGE Education is more important today than ever before It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday activities as reading a newspaper or managing their money It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (1) …… for a job or career For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (2) …… or certificate before he can practice law or medicine Many fields, such as computer operation or police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses Education is also important because it helps people get more out of life It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world It helps them (3) …… the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills (4) …… to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument Such education becomes (5) …… important as people gain more and more leisure time A prepare B work C D make A paper B license C diploma D card A require B acquire C construct D reach A able B capable C needed D ordered A excessively B increasingly C seriously D vitally PASSAGE The tourist industry is (1) …… to be the largest industry Before 1950 one million people traveled abroad each year, but by the 1900s the figure had risen to 400 million every year (2) …… large number of tourists, however, are beginning to cause problems For example, in the Alps the skiers are destroying the mountains they came to enjoy Even parts of Mount Everest in the Himalayas are reported to be covered (3) …… old tins, tents, and food that have been thrown away But at a time when we have (4) …… freedom to travel than ever before, more and more people are asking how they can enjoy their holidays without causing problems by spoiling the countryside Now there is a new holiday (5) …… called “Holidays That Don’t Cost The Earth” It tells you how you can help the tourist industry by asking your travel agent the right questions before you go on holiday A regarded B considered C seen D figured 20 A The B Those C These D Such A by B with C under D beneath A greater B bigger C larger D better A guidance B guide C direction D instruction Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions PASSAGE At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the American educational system was desperately in need of reform Private schools existed, but only for the very rich There were very few public schools because of the strong sentiment that children who would grow up to be laborers should not "waste" their time on education but should instead prepare themselves for their life's work It was in the face of this public sentiment that educational reformers set about their task Horace Mann, probably the most famous of the reformers, felt that there was no excuse in a republic for any citizen to be uneducated As Superintendent of Education in the state of Massachusetts from 1837 to 1848, he initiated various changes, which were soon matched in other school districts around the country He extended the school year from five to six months and improved the quality of teachers by instituting teacher education and raising teacher salaries Although these changes did not bring about a sudden improvement in the educational system, they at least increased public awareness as to the need for a further strengthening of the system The best title for the passage could be …… A A flight for change B The beginnings of reform in American education C Nineteenth - the Century of Reform D American education in the beginning of the 19 th century The word "desperately" in the passage mostly means …… A urgently B obviously C partly D completely According to the passage, Horace Mann wanted a better educational system for Americans because …… A Massachusetts residents needed something to with their spare time B education at the time was so cheap C all citizens should be educated in republic D people had nothing else to except go to school 21 The word " reformer " in the passage mostly means …… A people who really enjoy teaching B people who try to change things for the better C people who work for the government D people who believe that education is wasted According to the passage, which sentence is NOT true? A Horace Mann brought about changes in many schools in the United States B Horace Mann began raising teachers' salaries C Horace Mann was a famous US educational reformer D Horace Mann suggested schools prepare children for their life's work PASSAGE Contrary to popular belief, one does not have to be a trained programmer to work online Of course, there are plenty of jobs available for people with high-tech computer skills, but the growth of new media has opened up a wide range of Internet career opportunities requiring only a minimal level of technical expertise Probably one of the most well-known online job opportunities is the job of Webmaster However, it is hard to define one basic job description for this position The qualifications and responsibilities depend on what tasks a particular organization needs a Webmaster to perform To specify the job description of a Webmaster, one needs to identify the hardware and software the website the Webmaster will manage is running on Different types of hardware and software require different skill sets to manage them Another key factor is whether the website will be running internally or externally (renting shared space on the company servers) Finally, the responsibilities of a webmaster also depend on whether he or she will be working independently, or whether the firm will provide people to help All of these factors need to be considered before one can create an accurate webmaster job description Webmaster is one type of Internet career requiring in-depth knowledge of the latest computer applications However, there are also online jobs available for which traditional skills remain in high demand Content jobs require excellent writing skills and a good sense of the web as a “new media’ The term “new media” is difficult to define because it compasses a constantly growing set of new technologies and skills Specifically, it includes websites, email, internet technology, CDROM, DVD, streaming audio and video, interactive multimedia presentations, e-books, digital music, computer illustration, video games, virtual reality, and computer artistry With many companies having to downsize in tough economic items, the outsourcing and contracting of freelance workers online has become common business practice The Internet provides an infinite pool of buyers from around the world with whom freelancers can contract 22 their services An added benefit to such online jobs is that freelancers are able to work on projects with companies outside their own country How much can a person make in these kinds of careers? As with many questions related to today’s evolving technology, there is no simple answer There are many companies willing to pay people with Internet skills salaries well over $70,000 a year Generally, webmasters start at about $30,000 per year, but salaries can vary greatly Freelance writers working online have been known to make between $40,000 to $70,000 a year The word “identify” in paragraph is closest in meaning to …… A name B estimate C discover D encounter According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE of webmasters? A They never work independently B They require a minimal level of expertise C The duties they perform depend on the organization they work for D They not support software products It can be inferred from the passage that …… A online workers can work full-time online B only skilled workers make good money C it is easy to become a webmaster D workers with limited computer skills cannot work online The word “vary” in paragraph can be best replaced by …… A change B decrease C increase D differ What is the purpose of the passage? A To inform people about the tasks and the roles of a webmaster B To inform people about the computer industry C To inform people about employment related to the Internet D To explain why webmasters make a lot of money PASSAGE It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish The exact causes of a species’ death vary from situation to situation Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be adapted Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources Other species may 23 become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time - a mass extinction One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died Mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, even affect organisms not living in the oceans Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years The periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the earth’s orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason A species’ survival may have nothing to with its ability or inability to adapt If so, some of revolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events The word “it” refers to …… A species B 99 percent C extinction D environment The word “ultimately” is closest meaning to …… A exceptionally B eventually C unfortunately D dramatically What does the author say in paragraph regarding most species in Earth’s history? A They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms B They have caused rapid change in the environment C They are no longer in existence D They have been able to adapt to ecological changes Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph as resulting from rapid ecological change? A Temperature changes B Introduction of new species C Competition among species D Availability of food resources Why is “plankton” mentioned? A To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and those that live in the ocean 24 B To point out that certain species could never become extinct C To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction D To demonstrate the interdependence of different species According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that …… A extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth’s history B there has been only one mass extinction in Earth’s history C extinctions on Earth have generally been massive D dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed The word “finding” is closest in meaning to …… A research method B ongoing experiment C scientific discovery D published information In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a species’ survival? A It may depend on chance events B It reflects the interrelationship of many species C It does not vary greatly from species to species D It is associated with astronomical conditions PASSAGE Smart cards and mobile phones are becoming an increasingly popular way to make all sorts of payments Even now, in Japan thousands of transactions, from paying rail tickets to picking up the groceries, take place every day with customers passing their handsets across a small flatscreen device And predictions in the world of finance reckon that payments using mobile phones will have risen to more than $50 billion in the very near future What's the appeal of e-cash? Compared to cheques or credit cards, it offers the speed of cash, but more so It takes just one tenth of a second to complete most transactions and as no change is required, errors in counting are eliminated Fraud and theft are also reduced and for the retailer, it reduces the cost of handling money Sony's vision of having a chip embedded in computers TVs and games consoles mean that films, music and games can be paid for easily and without having to input credit card details And what about the future of the banks? Within grip on the market, banks and credit-card firms want to be in a position to collect most of the fees from the users of mobile and contactlesspayment systems But the new system could prove to be a "disruptive technology" as far as the banks are concerned If payments for a few coffees, a train ticket and a newspaper are made every day by a commuter with a mobile, this will not appear on their monthly credit card statements but on their mobile phone statements And having spent fortunes on branding, credit25
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