K j I ^ ! B i 8L Vhv 11li N ip Jr '' H l Volume 28, Number The Timberline Sparrow, 1, 1997 Spizella (breweri) taverneri, in Alaska, With Notes on Breeding Habitat and Vocalizations The Timing and Reliability of Bill Terry Doyle J Corrugations for Ageing Hummingbirds Gregor M Yartega, Peter Pyle, and Geoffrey R Geupel New Information on Gulls in Southeastern Alaska 13 19 Steven C Heinl Rare Migrants in California: The Determinants of Their Frequency Steve Hampton President’s Message 30 43 Kimball Garrett Cover photo by © Monte M Taylor of Lancaster, California: Sage Thrasher (Oreoscoptes montanus), Indio, California, October, 1992 (Extraneous object removed digitally.) Western Birds solicits papers that are both useful amateur field ornithologists and also contribute literature The journal to and understandable by significantly to scientific welcomes contributions from both professionals and amateurs Appropriate topics include distribution, migration, status, identifi- cation, geographic variation, conservation, behavior, ecology, population ics, habitat requirements, the effects of pollution, and techniques dynam- for censusing, sound recording, and photographing birds in the field Papers of general interest be considered regardless of their geographic origin, but particularly desired are reports of studies done in or bearing on the Rocky Mountain and Pacific states and provinces, including Alaska and Hawaii, western Texas, northwestern Mexico, and the northeastern Pacific Ocean will Send manuscripts to Philip Unitt, San Diego Natural History Museum, P.O Box 1390, San Diego, CA 92112 For matter of style consult the Suggestions to Contributors to Western Birds (8 pages available at no cost from the editor) and the Council of Biology Editors Style Manual (available for of Biology Editors, Inc., 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, $24 from MD 20814) Reprints can be ordered at author’s expense from the Editor returned or the Council when proof is earlier Good photographs of rare and unusual birds, unaccompanied by an article but with caption including species, date, locality and other pertinent information, are wanted Western Birds Submit photos and captions to Photo Editor Also needed are black and white pen and ink drawings of western birds Please send these, with captions, to Graphics Manager for publication in WESTERN BIRDS Volume 28, Number 1, 1997 THE TIMBERLINE SPARROW, SPIZELLA ( BREWER! TAVERNERI, IN ALASKA, WITH NOTES ON BREEDING HABITAT AND VOCALIZATIONS TERRY J DOYLE, Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge, R O Box 779, Tok, Alaska 99780 The Timberline Sparrow was originally described as a full species, Spizella taverneri by Swarth and Brooks (1925), who distinguished it from Brewer’s Sparrow, Spizella breweri, by its darker color, heavier streaking, and larger , average size but smaller, slenderer, darker bill Subsequently, ornithologists have classified the Timberline Sparrow as a subspecies of Brewer’s, though Sibley and Monroe (1990) ranked it as a full species again, on the basis of unpublished differences in vocalizations and ecology The published breeding range of taverneri extends from southwestern Yukon Territory, northwestern and central British Columbia, and westcentral Alberta to southeastern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta (AOU 1957), where it approaches the north end of the range of nominate breweri The winter range is poorly known, with most U.S specimens taken during migration, in Arizona (Monson and Phillips 1981), New Mexico (Grinnell 1932), Texas (Oberholser 1974), and Washington (Jewett et al 1953) Only one winter specimen has been reported, from California (Rea 1967), suggesting a winter range south of the U.S On 22 June 1992, Jeffrey J Bouton of the National Park Service found a singing male Timberline Sparrow in the Nutzotin Mountains of Alaska, 100 km northwest of the species’ closest known location in Yukon (Clarke 1945, Pamela H Sinclair in littj Over the following four years I studied the occurrence and status of this species in Alaska I characterized its habitat, recorded songs, and collected specimens (University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks) to document its occurrence and to help shed light on the relationship between taverneri and nominate breweri STUDY AREA searched a 15-km area near Gold Hill from 1993 to 1995 and an 8-km2 area in the Upper Cheslina drainage from 1994 to 1996 (Figure 1) In addition, I Western Birds 28:1-12, 1997 THE TIMBERLINE SPARROW IN ALASKA an independent group visited Gold Hill in 1996 Gold Hill is in the Nutzotin Mountains 10 km northeast of Chisana, Alaska (62° 06 N, 141° 54' W) The Upper Cheslina drainage is in the Mentasta Mountains 80 km northwest of Gold Hill {62° 39' N, 142° 44' W) The Mentasta and Nutzotin mountains are part of the Alaska Range, which extends east to the White River in Yukon (Orth 1971); the Kluane Range continues east of the White River Habitats within the Gold Hill and Upper Cheslina areas are similar (Figure 2) and may be described with Kessel’s (1979) nomenclature Unvegetated scree slopes of mgged mountain peaks, elevation 2300-2600 m, descend to rolling foothills of alpine and subalpine vegetation Mats of dwarf shrubs,