orchids for califonia

Division of Agr 39 E92 10 for THE CALIFORNIA AMATEUR H.M BUTTERFIELD r mfc - I CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURAL it Station MANUAL 18 THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS for THE CALIFORNIA AMATEUR M BUTTERFIELD H TABLE OF CONTENTS Information for the beginner Propagation of orchids Potting and potting materials General care of orchids Control of pests and diseases 11 Descriptions of varieties 17 Hints to the breeder 55 Tables of varieties 58 APRIL 1955 THE AUTHOR: H M Butterfield is Agriculturist in Agricultural Extension, Berkeley UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE Agricultural Experiment Station and Extension Service LIBRARY University of California DAVIS I^^ : diet @uCtcvtf, so clearly defined in present-day references that amateur gardeners of moderate means can successfully groxv many of tinpopular varieties Most of these orchids come from the tropics Of suhtropics A number of native orchids grow in the United States and Canada usually in cool bogs and moist grasslands but they are not of primary interest to amateur growers in Caliis — — fornia The exotic orchids fall into two general groups: terrestrial and leafmold; or epiphytic, living on other plants living in soil or on rocks where leafmold and other organic matter have ac- cumulated who home Information tor the beginner hopes to grow orchids at Orchid requirements After a decision Moisture, light, temperature, ventila- of orchids to plant, is made on tin- kinds and suitable quarters humidity are provided, the techniques of potting of the popular or- temperature, needs that are best met and and propagation should be learned In addition, something must be learned about the control of serious pests and controlled by a suitable greenhouse or diseases tion, air conditioning, are important Most and air chids are exacting of moisture, light, and some other type of cover A few of the hardier orchids, such as the cymbidiums and cypripediums, very well under Cost of investment Orchid plants of the best qual it \ are Their purchase represents an important investment which should be pro- lath or similar protective covering dur- costly ing most of the year, except on cold winter nights, when even the sturdy va- tected rieties may need extra protection Most orchids have specific needs in ventilation and air conditioning in hot weather; and some orchids are exacting of air humidwhile others are not These problems are discussed in this manual under the ity, selection and general care of orchids with necessary information on and growing conditions These requirements met, the grower can anticipate success with some of the superioi culture kinds, even those classed as difficult to grow Fortunately, not all of the superior new varieties are necessaril) hard to handle The chances are that many of the va- and cymbidiums, for be no more difficult to rieties of cattle\as The highly interesting variable in color oncidiums (at left) and form Flowers are small, with several on a stem are usually example, will grow than common quality [i] species of mediocre However, the ven fact that they caution to the beginner to wait until he and publications is appended to this manual for readers who are seeking ad- has learned the essentials of orchid cul- ditional information buy should be are expensive to ture before purchasing them ence the is gained and interest more Names difficult sufficient As Growers who are interested experi- shows should find very helpful the Handbook on Judging and Exhibition, published by the American Orchid Society, Incorporated, Botanical Museum of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachu- of orchids essential for the beginner to be acquanted with the names of good orchids This means access to sources of It is in the ex- hibition of superior specimens at flower expanded, orchids can be tried is setts Organizations of orchid fanciers offer helpful information through handbooks Other helpful sources are dealers, who can furnish information on listed varieties and species, and members of orchid and societies, information reports Available, too, are period- keep the orchid grower up to date on information in the field Advertisements in such publications call attention to new varieties and to better icals that will cultural practices A list other growers, a beginner in time will come to know which orchids are con- sidered superior and where such superior varieties can be purchased of references Orchids who have an interest in supeBy comparing notes with rior varieties may be propagated by any of three different methods Orchids are increased by seed, by cut- and by dividing the mother plant The method of dividing often is slow; many commercial growers therefore depend largely upon seed for propagation, even though the seedlings may show some variation Orchid seed usually is planted during the spring months Germination should take place within four to six weeks for he popular kinds, where the temperature is held at 58° to 86° F A seedling or- tings, mycorhiza improve the growth of seedlings germinated by the Knudsen method, but these claims have not been substantiated by some commerthat orchid root cial growers The agar solution used in the Knudsen method is made up by the following formula, then Calcium sterilized before use: is nitrate, Ca(NO,) 4H,0 Monobasic potassium 1.00 gram 0.25 gram 0.25 gram 0.025 gram I phosphate, Magnesium chid normally takes from four to six years to reach blooming MgSO.JrLO size Iron sulfate, FeSO,.7rLO Manganese sulfate, By seed MnSCMILO Germination method The most often used as the KH.PO* sulfate, in germination process is known Knudsen method, which employs compounds and oilier kinds sugar in the dying without of seedlings nutrient it in solution gram 0.50 gram Distilled water 1.00 Cane sugar (sucrose) 20.00 certain soluble mineral agar Orchid seedlings differ from 0.0075 Ammonium sulfate, (NH.hSO \rar (powdered) 15.00 liter grams grams most Acidity test The acidity of the nu- requiring or soon (-hums have been made [2 trient solution is very should be fixed at about l important pH It (pH 4.8 to 5.2) The Since the nature of the chemicals the solution varies somewhat, in it impossible to be exact about the amounts of each in order to give the desired acidity The ease howshould make possible the proper of testing for acidity, may acidit) about one i^ reached \- be more than man) as three drops may enough to insure the regulation of the acidity in the nutrient proper acidity mally is sterile agar Since the agar serves as a buffer solution ever, sample done after the agar has been added much testing is to be done, a small is the solution is agar dissolves Plant Phosphoric 'I arid nor- he acidit) of the agar adjusted appropriately after in the acid reaction, testing the If be increased b> add- drop of concentrated phosphoric acid and stirring until pll ing is is heated gently until the The Erlenmeyei container testing plate should be purchased flask Bromcresol purple, either the ordinary dye solution or test paper immersed in the dye solution, is used to test a sample of the formula for acidity The purple color of the acid indicator changes used for growing orchid seedlings Int inches across in drooping racemes, with as many as 70 flowers on the plant at a time; sepals and petals barred with brown; lip violet blue with paler margins and purplish cresl free flowering, and blooms at different times in the year six to eight flowers, Some hints to the orchid breeder on Both interspecific hybrids (between and intergeneric hybrids (between species of different genera) are widely grown Some interspecific hybrids have already been listed under the appropriate genus New forms of orchids have been obtained by crossing species in different genera, and the species within a genus) possibilities along this line are almost Sanders' Complete List of Orchid Hybrids names most of the hybrids and gives their parentage The unlimited lines of crossing American Orchid Society has helped dis- tribute this reference in America Un- fortunately, it is ence copies may now out of print Refer- be found in some public libraries Among some may be of the generic parents listed Brassavola, Cattleya, Kpi- dendrum, Laelia Lycaste, Miltonia Phaius Odontoglossum, Oncidium, Phajus) Phalaenopsis, Schomburgkia, Sophronitis, anda, and Zygopetalum The results of such crosses now bear ( [55] I standardized names recognized by organized orchid fanciers Thus Brassolae- from crossing Brassa- bow- C trianae to give Trimabilis C ringiana crossed with C trianae has vola with Cattleya and with Laelia Lae- given Barbara C dowiana has been an important parent in many crosses, using from crossing Laelia either species or varieties as the other liocattleya results liocattleya results Hardyana from with Cattleya parent C Persons who intend to cross different genera might well review the literature to see what crosses have been made and which seem to produce the most popular ing C dowiana and C warscewiczi, and hybrids Within each particular type of hybrid there may be numerous varieties The parentage of any particular variety can be determined readily by consulting the Sanders' reference, which also tells resulted cross- been crossed with many vaproduce popular new varieties Cymbidiums have been very popular in California, and some of the varieties have already been listed Butterfly is the result of a cross between Cymbidium insigne and Lowio-Grandiflorum Hugh Evans is a cross between Curlew and in turn has rieties to who made the cross and in what year The orchid breeder should save a great deal of time and accomplish more by continue, and orchid fanciers interested carefully studying crosses that have in supplementary literature issued ready been made and by planning al- future The breeder will probably undersome special line of crossing, and Lowianum Crosses in he should be familiar with crosses breeding will find the parentage given from time to time The Cypripedium group of orchids, to some botanists as Paphiopedi- crosses take of similar nature will known re- lum, has been used in crossing to pro- ported, as well as with the recognized duce popular hybrids, such as Cardinal Mercier, which has been used as a parent in many of the best later types such as names of the crosses A few illustrations may be of interest Brassavola digbyana, fine, Cardinal C Morganiae up to give the tween C stonei (Paphiopedilum stonei) and C superbiens (P superbiens) and is considered to be one of the best of this hardy group of terrestrial orchids Laelia purpurata was used in the with its fragrant, greenish-white flowers inches across, fringed lip to was used its to offspring in the crosses shown below Cattleya labiata was crossed with C Ama- is a cross be- , In turn, C Amabilis was crossed shown below Odontoglosswm invites hybridization with C mossiae to give Caracas and with with a near relative, Cochlioda noezli- warscewiczi to produce Cattleya bilis B crosses digbyana x Cattleya Hardyana = Brassocattleya Heatonensis x Cattleya dowiana = Brassocattleya Mrs J Leeman x Cattleya mendeli = Brassocattleya Digbyano-Mendeli x Cattleya mossiae = Brassocattleya Digbyano-Mossiae x Laelia cinnabarina = Brassolaelia Mrs M Gratrix X Laelia purpurata L Brassolaelia Digbyano-Purpurata purpurata xCattleya labiata = Laeliocattleya Bella x Cattleya mossiae = Laeliocattleya , Canhamiana x Cattleya warscewiczi - Laeliocattleya Callistoglossa x Cattleya dowiana = Laeliocattleya Dominiana x Cattleya leopoldi = Laeliocattleya Elegans [56] The was crossed with produce Odontioda Bradshawiae; with ardcniissimum to produce Odontioda Cooksoniao; and with pescalorei to produce Odontioda Vuylstekeae crispum has been crossed ana crispum with Brassavola latter \>> produce Braseolaelio- cattleya Mackayi Breeders in to may want know to future tin- thai Brassot ola di was crossed wild Laeliocattleya Elegans back in L903 b) Chamberlain at (inn Hughbury, Moor Green, with Miltonia warscewiczi to produce Odontonia Lairesseae Cochlioda noezliana was crossed with Oncidium incurvum to produce Oncidioda Charlesworthi A cross between Miltonia vexillaria and M roezli was made by Bleu in 1889, and this cross is now known as M Bleuana Bleuana has been used further in crossing to provide many other varieties These few illustrations will show how the orchid breeder may use the reference on hybrid orchids to determine parentage and perhaps make it easier to select promising parents for further crossing Cattleya and Laelia species have been crossed to produce Laeliocattleya In turn, the offspring have been crossed England, It produce to Birmingham, tlii- li\ l»i id nature of !" dif- difficult to predict the is the offspring, f«»r seedlings may and an- occasionally better than parent Sometime- the) closel) resemble one parent, as Laeliocattleya Callistoglossa and Lc Canhamiana, which closely resemble their Laelia purpurata parent, while Laeliocattleya Dominiana resembles the Cattleya dowiana ferent either parent Schomburgkia tibicinis been has crossed with Laelia lenebrosa to pro- duce Schombolaelia Tibirosa, and with Cattleya mossiae to produce Schombocattleya Spiralis Fanciers increase such hybrids may greatly they bo desire if REFERENCES Boyle, Louis Morris 1947 My observations on growing cymbidium orchids out of doors 47 Published by the p author, Ojai, California Briscoe, T 1946 W Orchids for amateurs 3d ed W H and L Collingridge, Ltd., Loudon, i Unpaged.) Fairburn, D C 1944 "Gravel" culture for orchids Missouri Botanical Garden Bui 32:133-51, October Harrison, C Alwyn, and T W Sanders 1925 Orchids for amateurs 140 p Lockwood Press London Hocc, R B 1947 Orchids for everybody; a complete handbook on Bisset, Sydney, N.S.W Locan, Harry 1949 B., all phases of orchidology 204 p .1 and Lloyd C Cosper Orchids are easy to grow 312 p Ziff-Davis Publishing Co., Chicago, III Lumsden, David 1947 Culture of orchids U Sanders, T 1927 1946 1951 S Dept Agr Leaflet 206:1 Wash., D.( : W Sanders' orchid guide 452 p Sanders St Albans England Sanders' complete list of orchid hybrids 307 p Sanders St Albans, England Sanders' popular orchid growing 75 p \\ aterlow and Son- London Watkins, John Vertrees 1942 1948 White, 1942 Orchids in Florida Florida Agr Ext Bui 116:1-17 of orchid growing 134 p Ziff-Davia Publishing Co., Chicago ABC 111 E A American orchid culture 276 p (3d vi\ I rev 57 | and enl.i A T Dc La Mare Co., NVu York ) ) Table Orchid Flowers Month by Month MAY JANUARY Aerides crassifolium (W) Calanthe veratrifolia (C) Cattleya percivaliana (I) Coelogyne cristata (C) Dendrobium phalaenopsis (W) Cattleya intermedia Laelia superbiens (I) Cymbidium lowianum (C) Cypripedium concolor (W) Lycaste skinneri (I) ( I Oncidium cavendishianum (C) Laelia pur pur ata (I) Phaius grandifolius (I) Phalaenopsis schilleriana (W) Maxillaria sanderiana (I) JUNE FEBRUARY Aerides lawrenciae Cattleya percivaliana (I) Dendrobium Dendrobium Dendrobium Dendrobium (W) bigibbum (W) brymerianum (W) Brassavola digbyana (I) super bum (W) Cypripedium lawrenceanum (W) Dendrobium injundibulum (C) wardianum (W) Cattleya warscewiczi (I) Laelia purpur ata (I) Odontoglossum crispum (C) Odontoglossum rossi (C) Oncidium sphacelatum (I) Schomburgkia (I) Masdevallia veitchiana (C) Miltonia vexillaria (C) MARCH JULY Cattleya lawrenceana (I) Aerides odoratum (W) Cattleya skinneri Cattleya dowiana (I) Cymbidium ( I Cattleya gaskelliana (I) insigne (C) Coelogyne corrugata (I) Cypripedium lawrenceanum (W) Epidendrum nemorale (C) Odontoglossum harry anum (C) Stanhopea tigrina (I) Cypripedium callosum (W) Dendrobium bensoniae (W) Dendrobium nobile (W) Lycaste cruenta (C) Odontoglossum pescatorei (C) AUGUST APRIL Coelogyne massangeana (C) Coelogyne mooreana (C) Cypripedium bellatulum (W) Catasetum macracarpum (W) Cattleya lueddemanniana (I) Cypripedium godefroyae (W) Oncidium flexuosum (C) Dendrobium dearei Sobralia leucoxantha (C) Cattleya mossiae (I) (I) Vanda coerulea (W) Laelia grandis (C) Laelia majalis (C) Odontoglossum cirrhosum (C) Schomburgkia tibicinis (W) *Orchid fanciers often want flowers each month of the year rather than most of the blooms at one time It is possible to predict within certain limits what kinds of orchids will bloom in a certain month Many species and varieties bloom over a period of months and may occasionally bloom out of season With the hope of aiding beginners this table is given, but it may need affect the time of flowering (C 55 F; to be changed somewhat for special conditions that = cool or not under 50°F; = intermediate or not under I W = warm or not under 65°F.) [58] ) ) NOVEMBER SEPTEMBER Catasetum rnaculatum (W) Cattleya bowringiana (I) Cypripedium charlesworlhi (W) Calaiuhe vestita (C) Dendrobium deari (I) Epidendrum skinneri C f>i ipedium villo.su tn (C) Dendrobium chrysotoxum Ingraecum eburneum t no/a densi flora I (W) Vanda sanderiana (W) Phalaenopsis amabilis Phalaenopsis stuar liana Angraecum sesquipedale Brassocattlaelia hybrid Ly caste (I skinneri (I) Phalaenopsis aphrodite Diameter, in inches 5-8 Cattleya dowiana 6-8 6-8 Cattleya loddigesi Cattleya lueddemanniana Cattleya percivaliana Cattleya schroederiana Cattleya warneri Cypripedium villosum Laelia grandiflora Laelia purpura ta Laelia tenebrosa Maxillaria sanderiana Odontoglossum grande Stanhopea tigrina | \\ I Zygopetalum mackayi (C) Cattleya mossiae | Laelia anceps (C) Brassia brachiata Cattleya labiata C\\ DECEMBER Some Orchids with Flowers Species (\) Angraecum sesquipedale (W) Cattleya trianae (W) ( I Cypripedium insigne (C) Odontoglossum grande (C) Oncidium ornithorhynchum Cattleya mendeli I Laelia autumnal is (C) OCTOBER Cattleya bowringiana (I) Table \\ I I ) { Odontoglossum citrosmum (C) Oncidium crispum (C) Cattleya guttata (\\ 6-8 5-8 5-7 6-7 6-8 5-6 of Large Diameter Number of Predominating flowers to color cluster 2-5 1-3 6-10 2-6 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-3 3-5 3-5 2-3 2-7 ivory white variable green light nankeen yellow bright rose lilac rose flesh color rose white light rose deep rose light rose deep rose greenish 1-2 6-9 6-9 3-9 rose white 2-5 reddish brown rose white 5-7 5-7 4-7 yellow 2-4 red and yellow [59] Table Some Orchids with White Aerides falcatum Aerides fieldingi Aerides odoratum Prevailing Laelia albida Laelia crispa Laelia rubescens Angraecum articulatum Angraecum citratum Lycaste Candida Brassavola glauca Brassavola nodossa Calanthe veratrifolia Maxillaria venusta Miltonia phalaenopsis Coelogyne Coelogyne Coelogyne Coelogyne Maxillaria grandiflora Odontoglossum Odontoglossum Odontoglossum Odontoglossum Odontoglossum barbata corrugata cristata mooreana Cymbidium erythrostylum Cypripedium niveum Dendrobium bensoniae Dendrobium dearei Dendrobium formosum Dendrobium infundibulum Dendrobium nobile Dendrobium sanderae * cirrhosum citrosmum crispum pescatorei (nobile) pulchellum Peristeria elata Phalaenopsis amabilis Phalaenopsis aphrodite Phalaenopsis stuartiana Pleione maculata Sobralia leucoxantha Vanda suavis See white hybrids in lists from nurseries See also varieties listed under Cattleya (such as Barbara Barbara Dane, Bow Bells, St Petersburg, and White Empress) and under Cymbidium (such Billingsley, as Balkis, Miranda, and Swallow) Table Some Orchids with Yellow Diameter, in inches Species orchid) halli schlieperianum Cirrhopetalum Cyrtopodium andersoni Dendrobium brymerianum Dendrobium chrysotoxum Dendrobium densiflorum Dendrobium heterocarpum Oncidium altissimum Oncidium bicallosum Oncidium cavendishianum Oncidium lanceanum Oncidium sphacelatum Oncidium splendidum Oncidium tigrinum Oncidium varicosum Oncidium wentworthianum Schomburgkia crispa 2-3 2 2-3 faureum) Epidendrum brassavolae Epidendrum stamfordianum Epidendrum wallisi Laelia flava 2-3 5-7 Odontoglossum grande Species Odontoglossum Odontoglossum Cattleya citrina (tulip Prevailing VA VA I 60 I Diameter, in inches 3-5 4-5 VA 1-2 3 2H Table Some Orchids with Red to Reddish Brown Prevailing Predominating color Species Bulbophyllum careyanum reddish brown Cochlioda hybrids red to rose Epidendrum radicans Epidendrum vitellinum orange scarlet cinnabar red cinnabar red orange red orange scarlet reddish brown Laelia cinnabarina Laelia harpophylla Laelia monophylla Laeha tenebrosa Masdevallia veitchiana bright vermillion Maxillaria tenuif olia dark red chestnut brown Miltonia Candida Odontoglossum harryanum Odontoglossum luteopurpureum chestnut brown Oncidioda hybrids reddish Oncidium longipes Oncidium papilio Renanthera coccinea Renanthera imschootiana Schomburgkia tibicinis red brown Sophronitis cernua cinnabar red Sophronitis grandiflora scarlet Stanhopea tigrina red and yellow chestnut brown reddish crimson blood red vermillion reddish brown [61] Table Some Orchids with Many Flowers Number to cluster or Species spray 6-12 5-20 10-15 5-15 15-36 5-15 7-15 7-15 4-18 10-20 15-30 8-10 10-30 5-20 Bletilla hyacinthina Cattleya bowringiana Cochlioda hybrids Coelogyne pandurata Cymbidium lowianum Cymbidium tracyanum Dendrobium brymerianum Dendrobium formosum Dendrobium nobile Epidendrum brassavolae Epidendrum skinned Laelia flava Lycaste tricolor Odontioda hybrids Odontoglossum pescatorei Odontoma hybrids Phaius grandif olius Phalaenopsis schilleriana Vanda coerulea Vanda sanderiana (nobile) over 20 5-15 10-20 over 20 7-15 7-15 [62 to a Cluster or Diameter, in inches Predominating color light purple 2-3 rose purple red to rose green 4-5 4-5 2-3 3-4 2-3 1H Stem yellowish green yellowish brown golden yellow white white yellow rose 5-10 canary yellow 1H whitish rose 1-3 2-3 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 variable white whitish yellow brown light rose light blue, variable yellow and rose ) ) Table Some Good Hybrid Orchids Laeliocattleya Hybrids X Bella (X purpurata scewiczij (rosy, middle Canhamiana (L X lip purpurata X especially Alba (light rose lip, Lustre C labiata; Callistoglossa (L purpurata dark purple C mossiae), and purple throat orange Dominiana Elegans (L (L X purpurata X purpurata Callistoglossa X C lueddemann- iana* 'very good dark orchid C war- Callistoglossa X Lustre Brasseur Hye Lc Aphrodite X C Metior Princess Margaret Profusion X Clotho Marie Dobrott Mme (dark orchid; C dowianai C leopoldij X tre (rose; a natural hybrid) George Baldwin (Princess Margaret Queen Mary, Westonbirt's X Enid) S J Bracey Mrs Medo White Queen Britannia (white Variety Lus- Peetersi X Thebes X C mossiae i Brassocattleya Hybrids Digbyano-Mendeli (B digbyana X C mendeli) Heatonensis (B digbyana X C hardy- ana) Digbyano-Mossiae (B digbyana X C mossiae) Digbyano-Trianae (B digbyana X C tri- Mrs J Leemann (B digbyana X C dowiana) Rosalind (B digbyana X C mossiae X anae) Enid) Brassolaeliocattleya Hybrids Montecito (an Armacost and Royston va The Baroness (chartreuse to yellow riety) Brassolaelia Hybrids with Digbyano-Purpurata (B digbyana X L purpurata) * See catalog Table Odd Colors Mrs M Gratrix tB Some Orchids Commonly Grown in Aerides Maxillaria Angraecum Osmunda Miltonia Brassocattleya, etc Oncidium Cattleya Phalaenopsis Coelogyne Cycnoches Schomburgkia Laelia X L cinna- listings for full color descriptions (Epiphytic orchids) Dendrobium Epidendrum digbyana barina) Sophronitis Stanhopea (in part) Vanda in part) Fern Fiber Table Some Orchids Grown in Leafmold and Gravel Mixtures (mostly terrestrial but some epiphytic) Lycaste BletiUa (Bletia) Calanthe Odontoglossum Cymbidium Phaius (Phajus) Cypripedium (in part) (epiphytic) (in part; mostly terres- trial) Pleione as insigne parishi Sobralia spicerianum villosum Zygopetalum (epiphytic) Table 10 Some Cool-House Orchids (50 F for Beginners minimum) Size of flowers, in inches Species Calanthe vestita Coelogyne cristata 3-4 3-4 Coelogyne mooreana Cymbidium mostly 2-4 4-5 Cypripedium insigne Cypripedium spicerianum Cypripedium villosum Dendrobium infundibulum Epidendrum cochleatum Epidendrum obrienianum 5-6 2-3 Epidendrum vitellinum 3-4 Laelia anceps Predominating color creamy white white white various greenish white white greenish white yellowish green red and yellow cinnabar red deep rose deep purple Laelia autumnalis Lycaste aromatica Lycaste skinneri 4-6 whitish rose 2-3 5-7 1-2 1-2 white Odontoglossum bictoniense Odontoglossum citrosmum Odontoglossum grande Oncidium cavendishianum Oncidium crispum Oncidium leuchochilum Oncidium tigrinum golden yellow yellowish green yellow yellow greenish brown yellowish green yellow Sophronitis grandiflora scarlet Zygopetalum mackayi green and blue [64 Table 11 Some Intermediate House (55 F Orchids for Beginners minimum) Size of flowers, in inches Species Predominating color Cattleya amethystoglossa rose purple Cattleya bicolor bronze green 2-3 6-8 Cattleya bowringiana Cattleya dowiana Cattleya gaskelliana 6-8 Cattleya labiata Cattleya loddigesi Cattleya mendeli 6-8 5-8 5-7 6-7 2-3 6-7 6-8 Cattleya mossiae Cattleya percivaliana Cattleya schroederiana Cattleya skinneri Cattleya trianae Cattleya warneri Dendrobium chrysotoxum Dendrobium moschatum Dendrobium nobile rose purple nankeen yellow rose purple bright rose lilac rose rose white hght rose deep rose hght rose rose purple hght rose deep rose golden yellow 3-4 2-3 6-9 6-9 yellowish rose Oncidium altissimum Oncidium sphacelatum VA yellow l yellow Phaius (Phajus) grandifolius Phaius (Phajus) wallichi 3-4 3-4 2-3 Laelia purpurata Laelia tenebrosa Schomburgkia tibicinis [65 white rose white reddish brown yellow brown white and bufE reddish brown Table 12 Some Warm-House Orchids (65 Size of flowers, in inches Species 1H Aerides crassifolium Aerides odoratum Cypripedium Cypripedium Cypripedium Cypripedium for the Beginner minimum) F bellatulum Predominating color rose purple white creamy white 3-4 4-5 3-4 light yellow Dendrobium dearei Dendrobium phalaenopsis Oncidium luridum Oncidium papilio 2V2 white 1-2 yellowish green Phalaenopsis amabilis Phalaenopsis aphrodite Phalaenopsis schilleriana reddish crimson white white concolor lawrenceanum niveum 3-4 3-4 13^-3 3-4 Phalaenopsis stuartiana Vanda coerulea Vanda sanderiana 2-3 2-3 Vanda suavis Vanda tricolor I 66 I whitish green satiny white deep rose light rose white light blue, variable yellow and rose white whitish yellow ... UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS for THE CALIFORNIA AMATEUR M BUTTERFIELD H TABLE OF CONTENTS Information for the beginner Propagation of orchids Potting and potting materials General care of orchids Control... Massachu- of orchids essential for the beginner to be acquanted with the names of good orchids This means access to sources of It is in the ex- hibition of superior specimens at flower expanded, orchids. .. moist location for the development oi dormant buds When the developed buds are removed for planting, the older part also may be planted Orchids, such as cypripedium, are divided just before new growth