High Yield Warm-up Questions: Cardiology, Part A ORGAN SYSTEMS SET 7: CARDIOLOGY, PART A List the factors that determine cardiac output and give a brief description of each Describe and explain the relationship between heart rate (HR) and cardiac output across a range of heart rates Discuss the acute changes in left ventricular output and end-diastolic volume if myocardial contractility of the left ventricle is reduced Discuss the acute changes in ventricular output and end-diastolic volume if myocardial contractility is increased Describe what happens to left ventricular volume and pressure during the two phases of systole Describe what happens to left ventricular volume and pressure during the two phases of diastole 1 High Yield Warm-up Questions: Cardiology, Part A Compare and contrast what happens to ventricular volume and pressure during the cardiac cycle for a heart failure patient with diastolic dysfunction versus one with systolic dysfunction Indicate the basic relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance and how this relationship can be used for whole body cardiovascular regulation Indicate the Starling forces and explain their interplay in influencing fluid flux across the capillary Describe and give examples of how alterations in each of the Starling forces can result in edema formation 10 Match the phases of an action potential from a ventricular myocyte with the electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) tracing High Yield Warm-up Questions: Cardiology, Part A 11 Compare and contrast phase in nodal cells versus ventricular myocytes 12 Discuss how the ECG would change if a drug were administered that blocked fast Na+ channels, but increased the opening time of voltage-gated K+ channels in Purkinje cells and ventricular myocytes 13 What “wave” on the ECG is characteristic of Wolf-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome and why does it occur? 14 Define first, second, and third degree heart blocks and explain the electrophysiological problem associated with each 3 High Yield Warm-up Questions: Cardiology, Part A 15 Explain why a patient with third degree heart block and a HR of 45 beats/min likely needs a pacemaker, while an elite-endurance athlete with the same HR doesn’t need one 16 Class Ia antiarrhythmics would be expected to have effects on which phases of the action potential in fast response fibers? 17 Which beta blocker also has the ability to prolong action potentials in fast response fibers? 18 A patient is given a drug to treat paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia The drug has its main effect on the SA and AV node The drug is eliminated within one minute of administration What is the drug? These question sets are intended to be completed before viewing the High Yield course lectures Video explanations can be found on the Warm-up Questions page within the online High Yield course For further review of the topics covered in this set, refer to the following lectures: Cardiology: • Cardiac Output • The Cardiac Cycle • Regulation of Blood Flow and Fluid Exchange • Cardiac Electrophysiology • Arrhythmias ...High Yield Warm-up Questions: Cardiology, Part A Compare and contrast what happens to ventricular volume and pressure during the cardiac cycle for a heart failure patient with diastolic dysfunction... interplay in influencing fluid flux across the capillary Describe and give examples of how alterations in each of the Starling forces can result in edema formation 10 Match the phases of an action... action potential from a ventricular myocyte with the electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) tracing High Yield Warm-up Questions: Cardiology, Part A 11 Compare and contrast phase in nodal cells versus