Tái cơ cấu đầu tư phát triển xuất khẩu hàng hóa của việt nam thời kỳ đến 2020, tầm nhìn đến 2030 tt tiếng anh

INTRODUCTION The rationale of the research subject Over the past 30 years of implementing the policy of renovation of economic management mechanism and international economic integration, Vietnam’s export activities have been continuously expanded both in the market and the list of commodities with rapid growth of goods export value, structure and quality of goods import and export have been improved towards in increasing processed goods and high added value Goods export has been a major orientation and is one of the crucial areas of Vietnam in the process of world and regional economic integration Besides the achievements, export growth in recent years has not been really solid, the quality of growth and export efficiency is still low, the structure of commodity export has been strongly shifted to processed goods, manufacturing, but still heavily dependent on foreigninvested enterprises; trade deficit is still a risk At the same time, the economy still relies heavily on trade growth, exploitation of natural resources, minerals, and export of raw agricultural products or low processing content, processing goods at simple stage of the value chain (processing of textiles, footwear, electronics ) In the period of 2018-2020 and vision to 2030, Vietnam will continue to integrate more deeply into the world economy, participate in multilateral, multidimensional and multi-sectors in the process of regional economic cooperation and the world as well That integration, on the one hand, will create a new impetus for socio-economic development, especially attracting investment and promoting Vietnam's export to economies in the world On the other hand, it also requires Vietnam to accelerate the restructuring process, innovate the growth model, improve the process of national resource distribution, increase the productivity of synthetic elements and improve the competitiveness, flexibility of the economy In terms of theory, the process of restructuring, reforming the growth model, improving the distribution of national resources will change the structure of development investment for goods export both in economic scope and scope in each enterprise Stemming from the existing problems in the development of Vietnam's goods export, as well as the context and new requirements above, the PhD student has decided on the topic: “Restructure of Vietnam's goods export development investment for the period till 2020 and the 2030 vision” to be the doctoral dissertation’s topic Overview of research projects The domestic and foreign research projects related to the topic of the dissertation are diverse and abundant In which, a number of research projects have mentioned various issues of the theoretical basis for restructuring development investment in goods export in the economy At the same time, published domestic and foreign research projects have also provided profound practical arguments of many different countries in the world on the restructuring of goods export development investment Thereby, the dissertation can absorb and inherit these scientific results to implement the dissertation topic The published domestic and foreign research projects have not mentioned the export development orientation of the economy with the level of deep integration into the region and the world as well; not yet analyzed, deeply evaluated the movement trend of the goods export development investment structure, affecting the restructuring of investment and goods export development of Vietnam Therefore, the research establishes theoretical and practical bases in a comprehensive, synchronous and updated way of changing the business environment, especially the appearance of new factors for the dissertation topic are necessary Aim and research task The research aim of the dissertation is to study to adjust structure/ restructure of Vietnam's goods export development investment for the period till 2020 and the 2030 vision Research subject and research scope of the dissertation The research subject of the dissertation is the structure of goods export development investment of the economy The scope of the dissertation research: The scope of the research is to serve the State management agencies and serve goods export trading and producing enterprises Focused on the decisive role of State management agencies and export business and production enterprises in the implementation of restructure In terms of time: Analyzing the current situation of Vietnam's export development investment structure between 2006 and 2017 and proposing solutions to restructure export development investment till 2020 and 2030 vision In terms of space: Study the goods export investment development structure to develop of Vietnam’s economy In terms of the content: Studying the structure of investment and export development of goods (excluding services) in the economy Approach and research method of the dissertation - The dissertation approaches the research object (the structure of investment in developing export of goods in the economy) mainly from the perspective of restructuring the investment in export development of industries and economic sectors in the economy and within the export enterprises mainly from the perspective of adjusting the investment structure towards in enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises on the export market - Research methods: Collecting primary and secondary information, through document research and survey; processing data and synthesizing survey and investigation results; systematization, generalization and overall methods in the overview research of published projects related to the dissertation topic; analyzing and proving: descriptive statistics, comparative statistics in the study to assess the current situation of structure and restructure shift of development investment of goods export of Vietnam; interpolation and extrapolation methods in proposing orientations and solutions to restructure export development investment of Vietnam in the coming period New contributions of the dissertation On the basis of an overview of domestic and domestic research projects, as well as the research content of the topic “Restructure of Vietnam's goods export development investment for the period till 2020 and the 2030 vision”, the dissertation has the following contributions: Firstly, in terms of theory, the dissertation has clarified the concepts, nature and characteristics of restructuring goods export development investment in the economy; indepth analysis of the relationships between investment structure and restructuring goods export development investment with growth model and innovation of growth model in exportoriented economies in the integration trend; identify specific contents in restructuring investment and export goods development and clarify the factors affecting the restructuring of investment and goods export development of the economy in the direction of open and integration policy Secondly, in terms of practice, the dissertation analyzed and evaluated the status of investment and changes in investment development structure of Vietnam's exports in the past period Since then, drawing conclusions about the achieved results, limitations and causes of investment and the structure of Vietnam's export development investment in the past period The assessments and judgments are drawn based on updated materials and data as independent research results and new contributions of the dissertation The dissertation has proposed the views, goals, orientations and solutions to restructure of Vietnam's goods export development investment for the period till 2020 and the 2030 vision The proposals of the dissertation are built based on the arguments, the new scientific dissertation is built through research in Chapter and Chapter is the new and highly practical contributions of the dissertation Chapter layout of the dissertation Apart from the introduction, conclusion and reference list, the dissertation consists of three chapters, namely: Chapter 1: Some theoretical issues on restructuring goods export development investment for a country Chapter 2: Current situation of Vietnam's export development investment structure in between 2006 and 2017 Chapter 3: Solutions to implement restructure of Vietnam's goods export development investment for the period till 2020 and the 2030 vision CHAPTER 1: SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES ON RESTRUCTURING GOODS EXPORT DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT FOR A COUNTRY 1.1 Nature, characteristics and role of restructure of goods development investment in the economy 1.1.1 Developing goods export and goods export development investment in the economy 1.1.1.1 Developing goods export of the economy in the era of globalization and international integration Developing export goods in the era of globalization is the continuous specialization process in export-oriented economic sectors in the interaction among countries as well as import and export manufacturing enterprises while participating in the global value chain 1.1.1.2 Investment and investment structure to develop goods exports in the economy Investment is the part of the accumulated output to increase production capacity in the later period of the economy The concept of goods export development investment is the investment in physical assets and labor in which enterprises spend money to conduct production and export business activities to further increase or create new assets for businesses at the same time for the whole economy, thereby increasing the production and business potential and all other production and business activities Structure is the division of the ratio among different parts in the same aspect of the overall Investment structure is the structure of investment components such as mobilized capital structure; capital allocation and use structure forming a reasonable investment structure and creating greater potentials in all socio-economic aspects The structure of goods export development investment is the ratio of the share of additional expenditure lines of capital to maintain and improve export capacity is considered from different aspects of the overall investment in developing commodity exports in the economy Types of development investment structures for goods export in the economy include goods export development investment structure by economic sectors; goods export development investment structure by group of export goods; goods export development investment structure under the classification of foreign trade standards 1.1.1.3 The relationship between goods export development investment structure and economic growth model The consideration of the relationship between the structure of export development investment and economic development model can be approached from the relationship between investment and GDP in aggregate demand function: Y = C + I + G + X - M (1.1) In which: Y is GDP; C is final consumption; I is a private investment; G is government expenditure (or public investment); X is export and M is import According to Keynes, when investing in increase of a unit, GDP will increase by more than one unit Functional relationship between capital (symbol is K) and output growth (denoted by Y) This coefficient indicates how much additional investment capital is needed to increase a GDP The formula is calculated as follows: (1.2) Put I = K(t) - K(t0) (1.3) In formulas (1.2) and (1.3): t is the calculation year; t0 is the year preceding the calculation year; I is the amount of investment capital increased in the calculation year compared to the year preceding the year of calculation Thus, investment is one of the important factors for economic growth, growth must be invested In that relationship, a high ICOR is an inefficient investment, a low ICOR is an effective investment This means that in order to achieve a certain growth rate, the economy must invest in a certain proportion of GDP 1.1.2 The concept and role of restructure of goods export development investment 1.1.2.1 The concept of restructure of goods export development investment Restructure of goods export development investment is a consideration of structural changes, redefining the proportional relationship between expenditure lines in the overall export development investment of goods to systematically restructure in some aspects or all aspects of the overall to increase the efficiency of investment, as well as the speed and quality of goods export growth The nature of restructure of goods export development investment in the economy is the process of adjusting investment structure to effectively exploit existing comparative advantages, creating new comparative advantages of the economy, production sectors of export goods, improve business efficiency, competitiveness of goods export enterprises, increase quality, speed up the export of goods and economic transformation towards industrialization, modernization and sustainable development 1.1.2.2 The role of restructure of goods export development investment in the economy - Exploiting and promoting the resources of comparative advantages of each industry, each region and the whole country into production and export business and changing the structure of export development investment by sector and territory - Improve the competitiveness of enterprises and products in the export market - Developing export market: It is necessary to change the structure of development investment, expand the commodity export market according to the motto of multilateralism, diversify and invest in building and adjusting commodity export market development strategies that appropriates in each specific period - Improving the efficiency of investment in goods export of the economy: Restructuring investment is associated with improving the quality of goods export growth, increasing the competitiveness of the economy, enterprises, exported goods; focus on improving investment efficiency and export growth efficiency, both in terms of industry, goods and space - Contributing to model innovation and economic growth efficiency: restructuring investment contributes to promoting economic growth from a wide scale, increasing quantity and output to the depth, increasing quality and value, investment restructure transformation from relying mainly on increasing the amount of investment capital, exploiting natural resources with low labor costs to effectively use resources 1.1.3 Investment entities and the role of implementation of restructure of goods export development investment in the economy 1.1.3.1 The State and the role of implementation of restructure of goods export development investment in the economy - Organizing and managing the process of restructuring export development investment: Orienting the shift of structure/ restructure of export development investment; orientation for enterprises to restructure goods export development investment; create an environment for restructuring export development investment - Direct impact on restructuring investment in goods export in the economy: The State plays a role as an investor, through restructuring public investment in the economy, investment in construction of socio-economic infrastructure projects; share capital contribution, joint ventures with enterprises in the necessary fields with the participation of the State; other expenses as prescribed by law - Provision of public services for the process of restructuring export development investment: The State performs the role of providing public services for the process of restructure of goods export development investment, supporting enterprises with specific activities such as: building a forum for domestic enterprises to seek opportunities and partners for investment abroad; organizing brand promotion and trade promotion programs abroad; promulgate necessary mechanisms, policies and solutions to improve the efficiency of export development investment of enterprises under the orientation of restructuring export development investment in the economy 1.1.3.2 The business sector and the role of implementation restructure of goods export development investment of the economy - Mobilizing resources for investment in production and business in the direction of restructuring the State's investment and development investment: The State sets the orientation and creates a business environment, while the enterprise is a direct force to mobilize resources (inside and outside the enterprise) to invest in export development investment - Improving the efficiency of restructuring investment in developing goods export in the economy: The State adjusts policies to encourage enterprises to invest in developing exports according to the proposed orientations Enterprises will base on State regulations and policies to adjust their business activities to increase benefits 1.2 Content, mode and methods of evaluation of investment restructure process for developing goods export in the economy 1.2.1 The content of restructure of goods export development investment in the economy 1.2.1.1 Restructuring investment in goods export development according to the investment capital of economic sectors - Restructuring development investment of export goods according to the investment capital of the State-owned economic sector (State budget capital, government bond capital, State investment credit capital, investment capital of State owned enterprises) - Restructuring investment in goods export development according to investment capital of private enterprises and residents (non-state investment capital) The value of an enterprise must depend on the present value of its activities, not on the capital structure: Vg = Vu (1.4) In which, Vg is the total value of debt-using enterprises; Vu is the total value of an enterprise does not use debt Because of loan interest expense is a reasonable cost is deductible when calculating enterprise income tax, therefor a part of the income of an enterprise using convertible debt is transferred to investors - Restructure of goods export development investment according to investment capital of foreign direct investment sector: Exploiting the best advantages of natural resources, geographical location; attract external capital sources for domestic economic development; acquiring modern technique and technology, business management experience through cooperation or competition with foreign enterprises 1.2.1.2 Restructuring export development investment by commodity group, export industry - Restructuring investment in export goods export according to statistical standards: In order to build a reasonable structure of export investment and development by commodity group, the adjustment of rate of investment in each export commodity group is carried out on the principle of promoting the comparative advantage of the economy - Restructuring export development investment of commodity groups and industries according to foreign trade standards: Adjusting the investment rate in each group of exported goods is done in accordance with the principle of creating and improving good competitive advantage 1.2.1.3 Restructure of goods export development investment according to environmental components, export competitiveness and territory - Restructuring investment to develop export of goods according to environmental components, export competitiveness: The restructure of development investment according to the components of competitiveness of export enterprises must take into account the nature of the participation period, as well as the desire to expand the scale and improve the level of export development - Restructuring commodity export development by territorial area: Promoting the potentials and advantages of each region and locality in developing export main goods; activeness and creativeness in synchronous infrastructure investment, promoting investment in developing goods export of the locality 1.2.2 Forms of implementing restructure of goods export development investment in goods export in the economy 1.2.2.1 The form of directly implementing the restructure of goods export development investment in the economy - Capital market development: Using capital market forms and tools to adjust investment structure - Developing various types of investment linkages in value chains, supply chains and production networks to restructure export investment development goods to meet international standards on the basis of advanced application and transfer science and technology - Restructuring investment in goods export development associated with the overall restructuring of the economy, restructuring public investment 1.2.2.2 The form of indirectly implementing the restructure of goods export development investment in the economy - Building, improving investment institution and fair competition, publicity, transparency, and predictability - Using financial and monetary tools: taxes, fees, interest rates, prices - Signing and using international treaties on trade and investment as a tool to adjust the structure of investment and export development of goods 1.2.3 Method of assessing the process of restructure of export development investment in the economy 1.2.3.1 Evaluation of direct change in export development investment structure The component structure index is calculated (quantified) according to the following general formula: (1.5) In which: I is the total value of export development investment (in the economy or enterprise); rij is the ratio in percentage of the ith expenditure line in total export development investment I at time of j; Rij is the value of the ith investment component in export development investment total I at time of j Comparing the rate change of rij through the time of j will illustrate the trend of structure shift, restructuring export investment in the economy over the years or in a period of n years 1.2.3.2 Indirect assessment of the process of restructure of goods export development investment in the economy - Criteria and methods for evaluating the process of restructuring investment development investment goods: Determining by the change (increase or decrease) of each component structure in each type of export goods structure for a certain period - Target and method to reflect the efficiency of restructuring export development investment in the economy: The formula for export investment efficiency is as follows: (1.6) In which: k is the indicator reflecting the efficiency of export development investment; t1 is the calculation year; t0 is the year preceding the calculation year; IXk is an increase in the amount of export development investment capital in the calculation year compared to the year preceding the year of calculation; XKt1 and XKt0 are export values of the economy in the calculation year and the year preceding the year of calculation When restructure export investment, it will be implemented in the direction of increasing investment capital into sectors, fields or production stages in order to bring into full play the national comparative advantage and increase the value added of exports, k factor would tend to increase, usually in the medium and long term 1.3 Factors affecting the restructure of goods export development investment in the economy 1.3.1 Foreign elements - The trend of globalization and international economic integration - The development of regional and international economic links - International trade and investment liberalization, the growth of transnational companies (TNCs) - The development of science and technology - The trend of environmental protection in the world 1.3.2 Domestic elements 1.3.2.1 Internal factors of the economy Basically, these factors are reflected through the components of the competitiveness of the economy in relation to other economies National competitiveness is a combination of institutions, policies and factors that determine the efficiency and productivity of a nation 1.3.2.2 Factors within enterprise - Adaptive capacity of enterprises with export markets - The capacity to organize investment and business activities of enterprises - Enterprise's ability to attract workers, train and use labor of enterprises - Enterprise’s ability to mobilize and use capital of enterprises - Applicability and technological innovation of enterprises - Orient to build goods trademark and enterprise in the export market CHAPTER 2: CURRENT SITUATION OF VIETNAM’S GOODS EXPORT DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT STRUCTURE 2.1 Overview of the situation of economic development 2.1.1 Overview of economic growth and economic structure shift In terms of economic model: It can be affirmed that Vietnam's economy has strongly changed following the model of export-oriented industrialization In terms of economic growth: With the export scale currently exceeding the scale of GDP (in 2017), at the same time, Vietnam's export growth rate averaged 17.53% / year in the period of 2015 - 2011 and 14.93% / year in the years 2016 - 2017, it can be affirmed that exports have become and are becoming the main driving force of the overall growth of our economy In terms of economic structure: Vietnam's economic structure has shifted strongly towards increasing the proportion of industries According to statistics, the proportion of agriculture, forestry and fishery sectors has decreased from 38.06% in 1986 to 24.53% in 2010, 17.0% in 2015 and 15.24% in 2017 On the contrary, the proportion of industries – construction sector in GDP has increased from 28.88% in 1986 to 36.73% in 2010, 33.25% in 2015 and 33.40% in 2017 2.1.2 Overview of the status of investment capital and the structure of Vietnam's economic development investment capital in the period of 2006-2017 * Scale, growth rate of investment capital in the economy The total social development investment capital in the period of 2006 - 2017 at current prices is maintained at a high level, equal to over 30% of GDP, of which the highest in 2007 is 42.7% of GDP and the lowest in 2013 is equal to 30.5% of GDP The growth rate of social investment capital in the period of 2006-2010 increased 13.18% per year on average, but decreased to 4.7% per year in the period of 2011-2015 and recovered again in 2016 - 2017 with a growth rate of 10.3% / year * Structure of investment capital in the economy - Structure of investment capital by economic sector: Investment capital of the state economic sector has decreased rapidly, from 47.1% in 2005 to 38.1% in 2010, 38.0% in 2015 and 35, 7% in 2017 Non-state economic sectors have increased their share in the total development investment capital of the economy; especially the proportion of investment capital of the foreign invested sector has maintained its trend of continuously increasing from 14.9% in 2005 to 23.7% in 2017 The private sector has increased slowly, but still has a high proportion, in 2017 accounted for 40.5% of the total investment capital - Structure of investment capital by economic sector: According to economic sectors, social investment in industry and construction sector has achieved higher speed than agricultural and service industries in both periods 2006 - 2010 and 2011 - 2015, but in 2016 2017 has leveled off and is lower The proportion of investment capital at current prices of the agriculture, forestry and fishery sector tends to decrease in the period 2006 - 2017, from accounting for 7.49% in 2005 to 5.6% in 2016 and slightly recovering at 6.0% in 2017 2.1.3 Overview of the status of enterprise development in the economy in the period of 2006 - 2017 In terms of business structure by economic sector: In the period of 2011 - 2016, the proportion of state-owned enterprises decreased from 1.17% in 2010 to 0.53% in 2016; the proportion of non-state enterprises increased slightly from 96.23% in 2010 to 96.70% in 2016; The proportion of FDI enterprises increased from 2.60% in 2010 to 2.77% in 2016 In terms of business structure by economic sector: The number of enterprises in economic sectors with export products tends to increase slightly in the period of 2011 - 2016, from 33.2% in 2010 to 34.8% in 2016 Among economic sectors with export goods, the number of enterprises in processing and manufacturing industry accounts for the highest proportion, but it tends to reduce the proportion from 16.28% in 2010 to 14, 92% in 2016 In terms of enterprise structure according to capital size: According to the enterprise survey data of the General Statistics Office, as of December 31, 2016, out of 505.06 thousand enterprises of the economy, the number has capital scale under 10 billion VND accounted for 76.16%, from 10 to less than 50 billion VND accounted for 16.88%, from 50 billion to less than 200 billion VND accounted for 4.68%, from 200 billion to less than 500 billion VND accounting for 1.22% and from VND 500 billion or more accounted for 1.06% 2.2 Current situation of development investment structure of Vietnam's goods export 2.2.1 Current situation of social investment structure shift into developing goods export in social investment in the period of 2006 - 2016 2.2.1.1 Actual status of social investment structure shift into the development of economic sectors involved to export goods - Social investment capital in sectors with export participation of the economy often accounts for over 60% of the total social investment capital, but tends to decrease slightly in the period 2006 - 2017, from 64.45% in 2005 60.13% in 2017 Table Structure of social investment capital into economic development participating in exporting goods in the period of 2005 – 2017 Proportion of capital invested in sectors 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 64,45 62,08 63,42 60,80 60,13 I The sectors in the export list % % % % % Agriculture, forestry and fishery 7,49% 6,15% 5,60% 5,88% 6,00% Export value ratio of goods 7.09% 4.02% 4.53% 3.83% Mining 7,80% 7,53% 3,95% 3,40% 3,15% Export value ratio of goods 9.41% 2.70% 1.69% 1.61% 19,20 19,50 29,60 28,46 27,90 Processing and manufacturing industry % % % % % 82.55 92.54 93.25 93.17 Ratio of export value of goods % % % % Production and supply of electricity, gas 9,94% 8,49% 6,50% 6,35% 6,60% Ratio of export value of goods 0.08% 0.06% 0.05% 0.03% Waste management and treatment 2,60% 2,59% 1,62% 1,76% 1,85% Ratio of export value of goods 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 11,70 11,54 11,80 10,58 10,25 Transportation, warehousing % % % % % Ratio of export value of goods 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Information and communication 3,64% 3,65% 1,40% 1,25% 1,20% Ratio of export value of goods 0.06% 0.04% 0.05% 0.04% Activity of professional, science and technology 0,83% 1,12% 1,70% 1,70% 1,60% Ratio of export value of goods - 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Art, entertainment and entertainment 1,22% 1,51% 1,25% 1,42% 1,58% Ratio of export value of goods 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 35,55 37,92 36,58 39,20 39,87 II Industries out of the list of export items % % % % % Ratio of export value of goods Source: Statistical Yearbook 2017 (0.00% represents small export value) 10 The increase in the proportion of social investment capital in economic sectors is quite consensus with the increase in the proportion of goods exports of these sectors In the period 2011 - 2015, when the proportion of social investment in processing and manufacturing industry increased from 19.50% in 2010 to 29.60% in 2015, the proportion of export value of this industry is also increased from 82.55% to 92.54% in 2015 2.2.1.2 Current status of shift of social investment structure into economic areas In the period of 2006 - 2010, the proportion of social investment capital in the domestic economy has decreased quite rapidly from 85.11% in 2005 to 74.16% in 2010, while the proportion of social investment of FDI sector increased from 14.89% to 25.84% In the period 2011 - 2017, the proportion of social investment in the domestic economy was quite stable at over 76% and the proportion of export value was also maintained at 28-29% Table Structure of social investment capital in the economy by region between 2005 and 2017 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 Domestic sector Proportion of social investment 85.11% 74.16% 76.72% 76.40% 76.26% Proportion of export value 42.82% 45.80% 29.40% 28.51% 27.55% FDI sector Proportion of social investment 14.89% 25.84% 23.28% 23.60% 23.74% Proportion of export value 57.18% 54.20% 70.60% 71.49% 72.45% Source: Statistical Yearbook 2017 2.2.1.3 Assess the relationship between increasing social investment and increasing export value of goods - By economic sector: Generally, for economic sectors, when increasing 01 VND investment capital, it will create 2.93 VND worth of export value in 2006 This coefficient tends to gradually decrease in 2006-2015 period, but has increased rapidly in the years 2016 2017 - According to the economic sector that participates in export: The coefficient between export value increases on a more social investment capital by economic sector, major export industries such as agriculture, forestry and fisheries, mining, especially processing and manufacturing industries, achieved a high coefficient while other industries were often below average 2.2.2 Current situation of shifting the structure of production and business capital of enterprises into developing goods export in the period of 2006 - 2016 - Actual situation of shifting the structure the production and business capital of enterprises into developing economic sectors engaged in export goods: In terms of goods export value, enterprises in processing and processing industries, agriculture, forestry and fishery sectors, the mining industry has accounted for over 99%, other economic sectors engaged in export only under 1% - Actual situation of shifting production capital structure of enterprises by economic sector: Proportion of production and business capital of domestic economic enterprises tends to decrease, but does not decrease as quickly as proportion of social investment and still maintaining over 80% 11 Table Structure of production and business capital of enterprises by economic sector in the period of 2010 – 2016 2010 2014 2015 2016 Domestic sector Proportion of business and production capital of enterprises 84.43% 80.62% 81.13% 81.85% Proportion of export value 45.80% 29.40% 28.51% FDI sector Proportion of business and production capital of enterprises 15.57% 19.38% 18.87% 18.15% Proportion of export value 54.20% 70.60% 71.49% Source: Statistical Yearbook 2017 - Evaluate the relationship between the increase of production and business capital of enterprises, revenue and increase in export value of goods - By economic sector: Regarding the ratio of export value / business and production capital, according to the calculation data of the dissertation, it is generally calculated for economic sectors, VND capital for production and business of enterprises will create 0.12 VND to 0.16 VND of export value This coefficient tends to increase gradually in the period of 2010 - 2014, but is quite stable in 2014 - 2016 - According to the economic sector involved in export: Regarding the ratio of export value / business capital, according to the calculation data of the dissertation, the main export industries such as agriculture, forestry and fisheries, mining, especially manufacturing and processing industries achieve high ratios while other industries are often below average This means that enterprises in the main export sectors create higher export value per capital compared to other export industries 2.2.3 Results of investigation and surveys on restructuring investment in developing export goods of Vietnamese exporters in 2016 a / Overview of the investigation Investigating and surveying the investment structure to develop goods exported by Vietnamese exporters by the Planning Department, Ministry of Industry and Trade as the leading agency and the Institute of Industrial and Trade policy and Strategy is the agency that perform Sample of investigation and survey, including 400 questionnaires for exporters and 100 survey forms of managers and experts In which, 394 answer sheets of export enterprises meet the requirements and are used 12 Table 2.4 Structure of survey sample by main export business sector of business Answer NGANHKDa Q6.1 Agricultural products Q6.2 Fisheries Q6.3 Forest products and wood Q6.4 Meat and meat products Q6.5 Footwear Q6.6 Textile Q6.7 Electronic goods and components Q6.8 Vehicles Q6.9 Other Total Number of enterprises 59 34 46 13 122 128 418 Proportion % 14,1% 8,1% 11,0% ,7% 3,1% 29,2% 1,9% 1,2% 30,6% 100,0% Source: Survey data of import-export enterprises, Institute of Industrial and Trade policy and Strategy, Ministry of Industry and Trade Table 2.5 Structure of survey samples according to the value scale of export goods of enterprises in 2015 and according to enterprise composition Export value of enterprise in 2015 10 – 51 – 101 – 201 – 501– 1001– Enterprise 10 50 100 200 500 1.000 1.500 >1.500 Total billion billion billion billion billion billion billion billion VND VND VND VND VND VND VND VND StateQuantity 2 1 Type of owned 0,0 3,4 0,0 3,1 3,7 0,0 3,8 5,3 2,0 enterprise exporter % Total 0,0 0,6 0,0 0,3 0,6 0,0 0,3 0,3 2,0 Foreign Quantity 15 23 23 19 19 13 126 Type of invested 19,7 39,7 34,3 59,4 35,2 42,9 50,0 42,1 36,4 enterprise exporter % Total 4,3 6,6 6,6 5,5 5,5 1,7 3,8 2,3 36,4 Joint stock Quantity 28 12 20 15 10 104 enterprise Type of 36,8 20,7 29,9 21,9 27,8 35,7 26,9 52,6 30,1 exporter % Total 8,1 3,5 5,8 2,0 4,3 1,4 2,0 2,9 30,1 Private Quantity 25 19 22 15 3 90 enterprise Type of 32,9 32,8 32,8 9,4 27,8 21,4 11,5 0,0 26,0 exporter % Total 7,2 5,5 6,4 0,9 4,3 0,9 0,9 0,0 26,0 Other types Quantity 2 19 Type of 10,5 3,4 3,0 6,3 5,6 0,0 7,7 0,0 5,5 exporter % Total 2,3 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,9 0,0 0,6 0,0 5,5 Quantity 76 58 67 32 54 14 26 19 346 Type of Total 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 exporter % Total 22,0 16,8 19,4 9,2 15,6 4,0 7,5 5,5 100,0 Source: Survey data of import-export enterprises, Institute of Industrial and Trade policy and Strategy, Ministry of Industry and Trade b / Some results of investment investigations by export enterprises 13 For investment activities to research and develop new export products, among 320 surveyed enterprises, there are 191/320 enterprises investing in new export product development activities and 129/320 enterprises not focus on investing in this activity In particular, state-owned enterprises and other types of enterprises invest little in this area because state-owned enterprises are mainly loyal to traditional products with traditional markets while other types of businesses are still facing many difficulties For investment activities to research and improve models and packaging for export products, state-owned enterprises and enterprises in other types invest less in innovation activities; improve models and packaging for export products Enterprises are constantly increasing over the years when competition in the export market is increasingly fierce and difficult to access / expand the market Investing in customer research in the export market is the area most interested in investing by businesses, with 219 enterprises selected out of 323 enterprises participating in the survey Most of the goods exporting enterprises in Vietnam spend part of their investment in this research activity to understand the consumers of products: tastes, needs, shopping habits Investment activities to research export channels of enterprises: Through investigation, 144/287 enterprises have invested in this activity, of which the number of joint stock enterprises accounts for the largest with 53/287 enterprises New enterprises that are operating in the market not for a long time, need to conduct research activities to expand markets, find potential markets and consumers as well as suitable forms of export to consume goods with the most effective way Investment promotion activities: The number of Vietnamese export companies interested in this field is not much, only 130/283 enterprises have invested in this activity, accounting for 45.9% and focusing mainly on joint stock enterprises with 56/82 enterprises, accounting for 43.1% This may lead to some unfavorable conditions for our country's export products when it is difficult to compete with new products invested heavily in the market with many incentives on prices and export policies c / Some survey results on the enterprise's evaluation of investment level compare with the current demand For investment in research and development of export products, out of 279 Vietnamese goods exporters participating in the survey, 129 enterprises rated the level of investment in this activity at an average level compared with current demand This shows that businesses have considered and allocated investment capital appropriately for research and development of export products For investment in research and development of export markets, the survey data from 274 enterprises indicated that the units are cautious in investing in research and development and market expansion activities The above results show that the number of enterprises assessing the level of "small" investment is double the number of enterprises assessing the "large" investment level compared to the demand, businesses cut costs for supporting activities, focusing only on production of export goods Investment promotion activities have the highest number of enterprises rated "average" with 111/261 enterprises, accounting for 42.5%, the number of assessments of "small" and "too small" investments with demand Most businesses believe that this is a necessary activity 14 to if they want to sustainably export and have a firm foothold in the market, so businesses think that they will continue to maintain this activity to get the best export results d / Some survey results on business activities of enterprises: The survey results show that there are 220 enterprises importing directly, 85 enterprises buy through intermediaries, 104 enterprises buy through traders and 147 enterprises directly organizing procurement, in addition to some other forms such as processing for foreign traders, importing raw materials as designated e / Some survey results on export transport of enterprises: For export goods transport, up to 91.3% of enterprises (equivalent to 335/367 enterprises) confirm that use outsourcing method The current trend for export manufacturing enterprises is investment in warehousing to help businesses save costs and be more proactive in exporting / importing raw materials and goods to serve for production and processing of export goods and storage and preservation of export goods f / Survey results on the main export activities of enterprises: The survey results show that up to 69.3% of enterprises operating in the field of manufacturing and exporting, that is, enterprises on progress purchasing raw materials from other enterprises, investing in machinery and equipment to produce finished products, then exporting to markets in the region and the world 2.3 Current situation of factors affecting the structure of Vietnam's goods export investment development 2.3.1 International factors - The element of globalization and economic integration: Vietnam's participation in international economic integration has had a strong impact on the model of economic development in general and investment in export development in particular of the economy In this context, the restructuring of Vietnam's investment and export development will also be affected by certain export markets and foreign direct investment flows - ASEAN economic linkage factor: ASEAN countries announced the establishment of an Asian Economic Community (AEC) on December 2015 According to the AEC Master Plan by 2025, the ASEAN region will form a common manufacturing area, a unified market This will be a factor affecting the restructuring process of export development investment of Vietnam not only due to the increase in scale and scope of investment market, but also the competitive pressure within ASEAN region - Foreign direct investment factor: The wave of FDI into Vietnam in particular and ASEAN region increased sharply However, international investors will choose one of the ASEAN member countries in addition to the incentives that are more important than the competitiveness of the economy, while Vietnam is at the bottom of competitiveness compared with other countries in the region This is a significant challenge for Vietnam not only in increasing FDI attraction but also in exploiting trade development opportunities with countries inside and outside ASEAN - Technology development factor in the world: Technological innovation to improve competitiveness for Vietnamese enterprises is an urgent requirement in the context of international integration and especially the industry revolution 4.0 can shorten the industrialization process by leapfrog, leap forward to higher technology However, without proper approach and catching up the development level of the world and the region, Vietnam 15 will face an increasing risk of lagging behind in technology, excess labor and inequality in society - Factors of environmental protection, anti-global climate change: According to the climate change scenarios of Vietnam, by the end of the 21st century, there will be 40% of the Mekong Delta area, 11% of the area of the Red River Delta and 3% of other coastal areas will be flooded Thus, climate change in Vietnam will have a strong impact on the process of restructuring Vietnam's goods exports, especially in the agricultural sector in such aspects as: investment in shifting product and production region structuring, search and investment in environmentally friendly technology 2.3.2 Domestic elements - Institutional factors - domestic law: The general legal system of Vietnam is still lacking in detail; clearly, many documents are not feasible; The stability of the normative system is weak Legal documents are still mostly framed, difficult to apply directly to specific cases, but through guidance and explanation documents - Economic factors: Controlling inflation and ensuring that the major balances of the economy are not sustainable; Balancing the state budget is still difficult, there are still losses, tax arrears, unreasonable spending structure, high budget deficit, not reaching the target of 4.5% of GDP; Government debt has exceeded the prescribed limit; Development investment activities of enterprises in general still have many potential risks, especially long-term investment; Business costs of enterprises in terms of transportation, loan interest rates are at a high level - Socio-cultural factors: Vietnam is still in the period of golden population ratio with the proportion of working age population accounting for 54.8% in 2017 Besides, Vietnam is in the process of urbanization Although, the proportion of new urban residents accounts for 36% in 2017, but is on the rise, increasing an average of over 3% per year These are factors that positively influence economic sectors development in general and the development of export industries in particular - Domestic technology factors: Vietnam's technology development level is still low, while financial investment for science and technology has not exceeded 1% of the annual budget The labor force with scientific and technical qualifications is lacking compared to the development requirements of many industries The relationship between science and technology activities and economic activity is revealing obvious shortcomings - Infrastructure factors: Infrastructure in Vietnam is still weak Specifically, lowquality grid system, large power loss; infrastructure of industrial parks is not synchronous, lack of essential social infrastructure works; Information and communication infrastructure is growing fast but the coverage of telecommunication network is uneven; multi-purpose infrastructure projects are few, low investment efficiency 2.3.3 Internal factors of enterprise According to the survey results of Vietnam Chamber of Commercial and Industry (VCCI) in December 2015, only 9% of Vietnamese enterprises understand relatively carefully about TPP Agreement (now is CPTPP Agreement); According to the Department of Import and Export, Ministry of Industry and Trade, currently only 35% of Vietnam's exports take advantage of incentives from Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) Most Vietnamese enterprises are small and medium-sized (accounting for 97%), poor competitiveness, lack of capital, 16 outdated equipment use, low value-added products, weak likability as well as no specific business strategy 2.4 Evaluation of the current situation of shift of structure of development investment in Vietnam's goods export 2.4.1 Achievements Firstly, Vietnam's economy has strongly changed following the export-oriented industrialization model Secondly, development investment capital in the Vietnamese economy has shifted towards focusing more on sectors and economic sectors aimed at increasing exports, especially in processing and manufacturing industries Thirdly, development investment capital in the Vietnamese economy has shifted towards the increase of the region, foreign direct invested enterprises to develop production and trade of export goods has created a strong export growth of goods Fourthly, enterprises in the economic sectors participating in Vietnam's main export have actively invested in developing goods exports Fifthly, Vietnamese goods exporters have paid more attention to investment activities to improve competitiveness in the export market The main cause of the achieved results - The policy of timely development of goods export and international economic integration of the Government, the efforts of the business community, of all levels and branches - The process of globalization of the world economy is increasingly strengthened, bilateral, regional and multilateral economic links become one of the key factors promoting regional economic development and the world as well - The inevitable trend of development in almost all industries producing export goods is that the private sector gradually replaces the state sector - Innovations in the mechanism of import and export management, market opening, improved investment and business environment, transparent competition and more equality between economic sectors - The application of science and technology innovation has made progress, especially in the fields of agriculture, construction, health, information and communication - The system of transport, energy and commercial infrastructure is focused on construction investment and put into use and has contributed positively to socio-economic development and goods export development - Inflation is controlled, macroeconomic is basically stable; exchange rates and foreign exchange markets are stable; surplus balance of international payments and high foreign exchange reserves - Vietnam has mobilized a large amount of investment capital for production and export business, especially foreign direct investment to develop production and increase the amount of goods for export - The creation of international business conditions and environment is more convenient for goods import and export activities through the signing of international organizations and agreements on trade and investment liberalization 2.4.2 Limitations and causes 17 Firstly, investment in commodity export development is still largely in width, low productivity and low added value Secondly, the overall growth of Vietnam's economy in general and the development of commodity export in particular still relies heavily on investment capital, while the efficiency of investment capital for economic growth is not high Table 2.6 Ratio of social investment / GDP and ICOR Investment capital /GDP real price ICOR coefficient by price (%) 2010 2006 38,1 4,57 2007 42,7 5,36 2008 38,2 6,75 2009 39,2 7,35 2010 38,5 6,38 2011 33,3 5,72 2012 31,1 6,76 2013 30,5 6,67 2014 31,0 6,29 2015 32,6 5,80 2016 33,0 6,42 2017 33,3 6,11 Source: Statistical Yearbook 2017 Thirdly, the structure of development investment by export industry sectors towards creating a new competitive advantage, improving export advantages is slow and unsustainable Fourthly, the number of enterprises in the economy has a rapid growth rate, but mainly small and medium scale, the international business level of domestic enterprises is still low Fifthly, there are still many shortcomings in the development investment structure of export-oriented industries Causes of shortcomings and limitations - Objective causes: The world economy still contains many potential risks; the energy demand of the world continues to increase strongly, affecting significantly the global economic growth - Causes of mechanisms and policies of the Government, ministries and branches Firstly, the state has not made breakthroughs to promote the growth of industrial production, especially industries producing export goods, yet to create changes in the internal structure of the industry according to way of increasing the proportion of high-tech industry is accompanied by high added value Secondly, export-oriented and supporting industries are underdeveloped, the processing and manufacturing industries are unreasonable between the stages, domestic raw materials have not meet the demand for production, depending on the volatility of world supply and demand Thirdly, the attraction and utilization of FDI sources are limited, especially the technology transfer The connection between FDI enterprises and domestic enterprises is 18 limited, obstructing productivity growth through technology transfer and improving management skills Causes belong to enterprises: Small-scale domestic industrial enterprises and competitiveness are generally low, and there are no competitive and regional brands of industrial enterprises CHAPTER 3: SOLUTIONS TO IMPLEMENT RESTRUCTURE OF VIETNAM’S GOODS EXPORT DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT FOR THE PERIOD TILL 2020 AND THE 2030 VISION 3.1 World and domestic trade and economic prospects related to Vietnam’s goods export investment for the period till 2020 and the 2030 vision 3.1.1 World economic and trade development prospects 3.1.1.1 World economic and trade development context The prospect of economic development and world trade in the medium and long term has been facing many unpredictable changes The replacement of digital-based industries, the Internet connecting things and the data-based economy will lead to global competition with new competitors, the digital economy era will changing consumer behavior 3.1.1.2 Some forecasts of important economic and trade development prospects in the world a / Forecast of economic prospects, world trade in short and medium term In terms of global economic growth: The financial market is likely to be more volatile, and their level of influence on emerging and developing economies also increases; Trade protectionism psychology increased, while policy instability and geopolitical risks also increased On global trade growth: Emerging and developing economies may face a state of divestment and financial downturn due to the policy of increasing interest rates in developed countries In the medium and long term, population aging in developed countries and the process of rebalancing the economy in China are also factors affecting global trade b / Forecast of world trade economic prospects in long-term - Forecast of gross domestic product growth: If calculated by purchasing power parity (PPP), developing countries of Asia may account for 42.4% of world GDP by 2025, up from 37.5% in 2017 Similarly, the rate of East Asia increased to 23.5%, South Asia and Southeast Asia to 11.2% and 6.8% Large countries: China may account for 20.7% of world GDP, India may rise to 9.3%, Indonesia may account for 2.8%, South Korea accounts for 1.5% and Singapore accounts for 1.0 % - Forecast of trade growth: Import demand increased in the US and Europe (EU), increased intra-regional trade and increased consumer confidence in Asia First of all, the trend of shifting China's global value chain to developing countries in Asia Secondly, the economic impact of the one Belt and one Road Initiative China's motive for this ambitious initiative, including finding a lucrative path for foreign exchange reserves is growing; Thirdly, despite the transition to middle income, many countries in the region are facing poverty and inequality in persistent income within the economy and between economies 19 3.1.2 Domestic economic and trade growth prospects Vietnam's medium-term economic and trade development prospects are facing not only external risks, but also domestic risks, in particular: - The growth model has not yet changed in accordance with development requirements, still heavily dependent on capital, resources and low-level labor - The implementation of restructure of state-owned enterprise and banking sector restructuring is relatively slow, which may adversely affect the macro-financial situation, harm the prospect of growth and create a large obligation for State sector - Growth motivation still depends a lot on FDI and export Export growth may slow down in the coming years as the global economy is expected to slow down in a cycle that weakens the external demand - Monetary policy needs to be planned to ensure against domestic input price pressures and / or increased global commodity prices and maintain moderate inflation - Current account is still in surplus but at a lower level since 2019 due to the increasing deficit in income accounts and services - The control of overspending and public debt is an important goal of the Government in the coming years, but will hinder the increase in investment in public service provision, especially in infrastructure development investment - The issue of economic growth must go hand in hand with reducing poverty rates, which will create conflicts in policy priorities In addition, in the long term, economic experts have proposed two scenarios for economic growth in the period 2021 - 2025: Firstly, if the growth model is converted slowly and intermittently; not make good use of opportunities from international integration; State governance has not been improved significantly, then Vietnam will achieve the growth rate of 6.5%; 6.7% inflation; speed of investment in production (investment capital / GDP) 13.14%; Secondly, if the growth model is transformed continuously in the direction of industrialization and modernization and the comparative advantage of the economy; take advantage of benefits from bilateral and multilateral FTAs; State management has made much progress, then Vietnam will maintain the growth rate at 7.1%; 7.21% inflation; speed of investment in production (investment capital / GDP) of 15.30% 3.1.3 Assessing the impact of domestic and international economic and trade growth prospects on restructure of goods export development investment 3.1.3.1 Positive impact Firstly, Vietnam has the opportunity to participate more deeply in investment and trade flows between countries in the region and the world, thus promoting the process of restructuring investment and development of export goods Secondly, in the period from now to 2020 and vision to 2030, Vietnam will continue to be attractive to foreign investors to increase investment capital for export development Thirdly, the prospect of developing industries based on industrial revolution 4.0 in the world will create opportunities for Vietnam to increase investment in developing modern industries with advanced scientific and technological level 3.1.3.2 Negative impact 20 Firstly, the forecasts of global economic growth and trade in the medium and long term are lower than 10 years ago This will have a negative impact on the efficiency of export development investment and the ability of Vietnamese enterprises to re-invest in export development Secondly, the global and domestic economic and trade context also has a negative impact on the increasing prospects of attracting foreign investment into Vietnam's export development Thirdly, the prospect of developing industries based on industrial revolution 4.0 in the world can negatively affect investment in developing Vietnam's export industries 3.2 Viewpoint, objective and orientation of restructure of Vietnam’s goods export investment for the period till 2020 and the 2030 vision 3.2.1 Viewpoint - Restructuring development investment in goods export is a key task, throughout the process of implementing model innovation, improving the quality of growth and economic restructuring during the process of modernization and industrialization and international economic integration - Restructuring investment in goods export development in combination with increasing investment, exploiting the advantages and potential of export goods production and increasing investment in raising production levels of industries and enterprises in economy; the combination of increasing domestic and foreign resources attraction, focusing on increasing domestic resources to export goods production - Restructuring investment in goods export development on the basis of rationally ensuring export market development with developing domestic market, ensuring stable trade balance; ensuring reasonable investment by economic region, domestic geographical area, contributing to solving poverty reduction and environmental protection 3.2.2 Objective The proportion of social investment in the development of export economic sectors is maintained equivalent to the period 2010-2018, from 62 to 64% of the total social investment capital of the economy; The ratio of production and business capital of enterprises in export industries in the total production and business capital of enterprises in the economy is higher than that in the period of 2010-2018, corresponding to the rate of 35 - 40%; The rate of social investment in the domestic economic sector is maintained at a high level equivalent to the period 2010-2018, from 76 to 77% of the total social investment capital of the economy; The ratio of production and business capital of domestic economic enterprises in the total production and business capital of enterprises in the economy is higher than that in the period of 2010-2018, corresponding to the rate of 82 - 85% 3.2.3 Orientation of restructuring investment and export goods development - Restructuring investment by economic sector involved to export goods: Restructuring investment in export development in agriculture, forestry and fishery sectors; restructure investment in goods export development in industries, service sectors for developing export goods; restructure social investment into developing goods exports by economic sector - Restructuring of goods export development by region: Restructuring export development investment towards promoting the potential and advantages of each region with a long-term vision to reallocate production sectors and export services, enhancing 21 coordination, supplementing and connecting among localities in the region and among regions, giving priority to developing key economic regions - Restructuring export development investment by business sector: Restructuring of state-owned enterprises according to important branches and domains of security and defense ensures stable domestic market; Restructuring investment in domestic enterprises in the direction of innovation, development and proceeding to fully apply modern governance framework; innovate the system of incentive leverage to ensure businesses compete fairly in the market - Restructuring investment in goods export development on the basis of further accelerating the process of formation and development of market factors of production: Building a stable financial market development strategy, restructuring towards ensuring balance between money market and capital market Completing the legal framework for the land use rights market, especially with agricultural land; formation and development of the labor market; develop science and technology market, promote technology transfer in enterprises through investment projects, invest in research, innovation and mastering technology 3.3 Propose solutions to implement estructure of vietnam’s goods export development investment for the period till 2020 and the 2030 vision 3.3.1 Solutions to implement restructure of goods export development investment in the economy 3.3.1.1 Solutions to ensure increased investment in the economy a / Solutions of macroeconomic stability: Implementing proactive and flexible monetary policy Operating interest rates, exchange rates in accordance with market principles; restructure the budget expenditure in the direction of saving and improving the efficiency of each expenditure item; restructuring public debt b / Solutions to improve the legal framework related to investment: Review, amend, supplement and perfect mechanisms, policies and legal regulations on finance, state budget, publicity, transparent; use infrastructure in the direction of ensuring favorable conditions for production and business; continue to simplify and reduce administrative procedures; reduce the cost of implementing administrative procedures and laws for business registration 3.3.1.2 Solutions to mobilize investment capital for goods export development a / For investment capital of the State: Enhancing discipline, transparency and accountability in the use of state investment capital; consistent and effective implementation of medium-term investment plans; focusing on investment from the state budget for infrastructure development projects b / For non-state capital sources: Determining and announcing a list of feasible infrastructure projects, focusing on import and export infrastructure; specifying conditions for investors to be allocated or leased land to implement goods export development projects c / For foreign investment capital: To develop priority industries and trades, speed up the economic transition and restructure Develop specific criteria for assessing, evaluating and selecting investors and foreign investment projects to achieve the objectives 3.3.1.3 Solutions to ensure investment structure transition in the economy in general and export development investment structure in particular 22 - Review and adjust the planning with the requirements of economic structure transition in general and restructuring investment development of goods export - Restructuring investment in agricultural production in the direction of increasing export, improving quality, added value and sustainability - Restructuring investment to develop industrial production in the direction of increasing export of high value-added goods 3.3.1.4 Solutions for market development of production factors - For the capital market: Restructuring the securities market, credit institutions; reform the State's investment credit allocation mechanism to ensure fair, equitable and transparent access - For the labor market: Strengthening the supply of vocationally trained workers; connecting training establishments with employers using the mechanism of bidding, ordering or assigning tasks; build and operate the labor market information system, the national database on the labor market - For the science and technology market: Promoting the leverage role of the process of economic restructuring associated with the transition of the growth model of science and technology; encourage and support research activities at enterprises, especially large-scale enterprises 3.3.1.5 Solutions for enterprise development involved to export in the economy - Restructuring of state-owned enterprises: Restructuring the portfolio of business and investment sectors, focusing on key industries and industries with appropriate capabilities and competitive advantages - Developing and improving the quality of non-state enterprises: Supporting innovation and improving technological capacity for small and medium enterprises; improve management capacity for business managers - Attract foreign-invested enterprises: Develop and implement the strategy of promoting foreign direct investment into export priority industries and trades 3.3.2 Solutions on restructuring investment to export goods at the enterprise scale 3.3.2.1 For enterprises producing, processing and exporting products according to commodity lines - Enhance capital mobilization for investment in development investment restructuring; - Develop a plan to analyze the status of production activities; - Develop a structure plan and allocate capital; - Strengthening alliances and links between businesses; - Organize and restructure production scale; - Improve the competitiveness of goods; - Increasing investment to improve science and technology; - Improve the level of managers and train and foster staff 3.3.2.2 For general trading and service export enterprises - Increasing investment in market information; - Strengthening the connection between enterprises and domestic and foreign industry associations and promotion organizations; 23 - Investment in building a market penetration strategy; - Improve management and professional skills for staff CONCLUSION Restructure of goods export development investment plays an important role in the economic growth and development of each country Facing a new context in the country and the world as well, which has had many impacts on commodity export development, Vietnam needs to have new directions in restructuring goods export development investment and improve competitiveness, in accordance with the process of international economic integration and in the national industrialization and modernization process From those approach viewpoints, the dissertation: “Restructure of Vietnam's goods export development investment for the period till 2020 and the 2030 vision” has focused on research: Systemize and clarify the rationale for investment structure and restructure of goods export development investment in the economy On the basis of secondary and primary data sources, the dissertation has analyzed the current situation of export development investment structure and restructure shift of export development investment in the scope of economy and the scope of Vietnamese enterprises doing export business On the basis of analyzing the domestic and foreign context, the guidelines and orientations of the Party, the National Assembly and the Government on renovating the growth model, restructure the economy, strategies and export development orientations of Vietnam, the dissertation proposes views, objectives, orientations and solutions to implement restructure of Vietnam’s goods export development investment for the period till 2020 and the 2030 vision With the results achieved, the author hopes that the issues analyzed and the groups of solution mentioned in the dissertation will help policy makers in the field of goods export development investment to get an overall picture and some practical bases to promptly develop policies, support and remove difficulties in mechanisms and policies to ensure that import-export enterprises operate effectively and at the same time the dissertation oriented and recommended enterprises to restructure goods export development investment in an appropriate and effective manner and export high value-added goods, participate in the value chain of production and global supply The dissertation could also be a useful reference for relevant researchers, for export business enterprises and for students in the process of learning and researching on export development investment./ 24 ... economy, while Vietnam is at the bottom of competitiveness compared with other countries in the region This is a significant challenge for Vietnam not only in increasing FDI attraction but also... economic sectors participating in Vietnam''s main export have actively invested in developing goods exports Fifthly, Vietnamese goods exporters have paid more attention to investment activities to... RESTRUCTURE OF VIETNAM’S GOODS EXPORT DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT FOR THE PERIOD TILL 2020 AND THE 2030 VISION 3.1 World and domestic trade and economic prospects related to Vietnam’s goods export