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Part II. Direct speech and reported speech 4 mẫu câu thông thờng của câu gián tiếp 1. Với câu trực tiếp ở dạng khăng định hoặc phủ định: S + said (+to ) (+ that) + S + V(đẩy lùi lại một thì) + Ex: Nam said, I am tired . Nam said he was tired 2. Với câu trục tiếp ở dạng câu hỏi dạng đảo: S + asked () + if/whether + S + V(đẩy lùi lại một thì) + Ex: Nam asked, Are you tired?. Nam asked me if I was tired. 3. Với câu trực tiếp dạng câu hỏi với từ để hỏi: S + asked () + question word + S + V(đẩy lùi lại một thì) + Ex: Nam saked, What is your name? Nam asked me what my name was. 4. Với câu trực tiếp dạng đề nghị, ra lệnh, mệnh lệnh S + asked ( ) + to + V (nguyên thể) Ex: Nam said, Can you help me? Nam asked me to help him. I. Last week you had a lunch with Rechal, report what she said to you. 1. I am going to work next year. > Rechal said 2. I work for a small pulishing company 3. I am their marketing manager. 4. The company has opened an office in Barcelona. 5. I have been choosen to run to a new office in Madrid. 6. I am studying Spanish in the evening. 7. I do not have much time to enjoy myself. 8. I have not had lunch with a friend for ages. 9. I hope my friends will come and visit me in Madrid. 10. Rechard and I are getting married next month. 11. I saw Helen at the party in June and she did not recognize me. 12. We want to go away for our honeymoon but I do not have much time. 13. I must finish my report, so I have to get back to work now. II. You had an interviewfor a job. Report what the interviewer ask you. 1. What is your name? The interviewer asked (me) 2. How old are you? 3. Where are you living? 4. Are you married? 5. Why do you want the job? 6. Have you worked before? 7. What are you doing now? 8. How long have you worked in your present job? 9. Do you have any experience in the company industry? 10. Are you fit? 11. How will you travel to work? 12. Have you got a motorbike? 13. Can you work on Saturdays? 14. What do you do in your free time? 15. Can you speak any foreign languages? 16. Do you like working abroad? 17. How much do you expect to earn? 18. When can you start? 19. How far is it from your house to our company? 20. Don , t go to work late. III. Put the following sentences into reported speech. 1. Are you going to visit your aunt tomorrow? asked Tom. 2. Listen to me and do not make noice, Lan said. 1 3. “ I am tired of eating fish ” said Mary to Helen. 4. “ The sun always rises in the east”, said our teacher. 5. “ Where are you going for your holiday?” asked Martha. 6. “ I did not steal your fur coat yesterday”, said Sammy to Jean. 7. “ Let me help you make the sandwiches”, Judy offered. 8. “ You must do your homework every day”, Mrs. Borne told us. 9. “ Will we read the story?” Billy asked his teacher. 10. “ I can not go to school today because I am ill”, said Mike. 11. “ I have not caught any fish at all” Peter complained. 12. “ I do not know where Archie is”, said Vicky. 13. “ Is this your father , s car?”, the policemen asked Sandra. 14. “ Which way is the post office?”, the tourist asked. 15. “ There is not much rain in the south of the country”, said Harry. 16. “ If you want to learn English, I can help you”, John said. 17. “Where are you studying?”, Mr. Bruce asked. 18. “ Please call me at six o , clock tomorrow morning.” Said Mai. 19. “Are you interested in this Language Center?” asked Lan. 20. “ We will spend our holiday in DaLat next month.”, said Mrs. Chi. 21. “Do you live here?” Liz asked. 22. “ What does your son want to learn?” the man said to Mr. Linh. 23. “ You must come today.”, Hoa said. 24. “ I do not understand what you are saying.”, Tom told us. 25. “ There is not any information about these colleges.”, Nam said. IV.Put the following sentences into direct speech. 1. Minh said that his sister worked for a company in the city center. 2. The examiner asked Lan not to be late for the exam. 3. Mr. Phong said that he was learning English in an evening class. 4. Paula told Lan not to be late for the exam the following day. 5. Nga asked Jane if she could speak Vietnamese. 6. Mrs. Hue asked me how far it was from my house to the school. 7. The student said that they were having a test next Friday. 8. Mai asked Hoang whether his brother lived in Ho Chi Minh city then. 9. Trung asked the landlord how much the rent was. 10. Phuong said that she did not have much time to write to her friends. 2 Một số cấu trúc câu thờng gặp I. so . that và such that 1. S + be + so + adj + that clause quá đến nỗi. S + V + so + adv + that clause. Ex: The weather is so bad that I have to stay at home He spoke so fast that I could not understand them. Muốn diễn đạt ý nghĩa quá nhiều . đến nỗi. ta dùng So many + danh từ đếm, đợc số nhiều + that- clause So much + danh từ không đếm đợc số ít + that clause Ex: He has so many books that I can not read all of them. There was so much noise that I could not sleep. 2. S + be + such +(a/an)+ adj + N + that clause. Ex: She is such a beautiful girl that everybody admires her. They are such an interesting books that we want to look at them again. Exersise. Combine these pairs of these sentences, using so. that or such that. 1. My friends is too sick. He can not go to school. 2. The food was very good. We finished it up in just a few minutes. 3. New York was very big city. We was lost in it. 4. My neighbours are very bad people. They make noise all day. 5. She bought too many things. She could not bring them home at any time. 6. She is quite poor. She can not buy a bike. 7. He gave us very good advise. All of us are thankful to him. 8. There is too much furniture in the room. We do not have enough space for the meeting. 9. Lan was very busy. She could not go to the movies with us. 10. Mr. Green drank too much wine. He got sick. II. too to and enough too 1. too to : qúa .không thể S + be + too + adj + to + V-infinitive S + V + too + adv + to + V-infinitive Ex: He is too young to go to school. She ran too slowly to catch the train. L u ý : - Nếu động từ theo sau diễn tả một sự việc đợc thực hiện bởi chủ ngữ khác với chủ ngữ của động từ đi trớc thì ta dùng: Too + adj/adv + for somebody + to + V-infinitive Ex: The questions are difficult. We cant answer them The questions are too difficult for us ti answer The box was heavy. The children couldnt carry them. The box was too heavy for the children to carry. - Nếu tân ngữ của động t theo sau thuộc cùng một ngời hoặc một vật với chủ ngữ của động từ đi trớc thì ta không nhắc lại nó. Ex: The book is too expensive for us to buy. ( Không dùng it sau buy) 2. enough to. đủ . để có thể S + be + adj + enough + to + V - infinitive S + V + adv + enough + to + V- infinitive. Ex: He is sick enough to need a doctor The policemen ran fast enough to catch the thief. Exercise: Combine these pairs of sentences using too .to or enough .to. 1. These oranges are ripe. You can eat them 2. He is strong. He can carry this table. 3. The house is large. My family can live in it. 4. It was very late. They didnt go to the party. 5. The dress is so dirty. She cant wear it. 3 6. She is tall. She can reach the top shelf. 7. Mr.Brown isn’t rich. He can’t buy a car. 8. My grand mother is very weak. She can’t rich the box. 9. The film is very good. The children won’t miss it. 10. Those shoes are large. You can wear them. 3. It + be + adj + for somebody + to + V- infinitive …………. : lµ …….víi (ai ®ã) ®Ó …… = V- ing + be + adj ………………. : lµm g× ®ã lµ …… víi (ai ®ã). Ex: It is useful for you to read books every day. = Reading books every day is useful for you. IV. Conditional sentences. Exercise1: Put the verb in brackets into the correct form. 1. If I found 100,000 dong in the street. I (keep) ……… it. 2. They’d be angry if you (case) ……….the dog. 3. I think I woud the job if I (offer) ………… it. 4. I am sure he will lend you the book. I would be very surprised if he (refuse)…………… 5. Many children would be very happy if Snta Clause (be) ……… a real man. 6. If they sold their house, they (not get) mmuch money for it. 7. Our relatives are expecting us. They would be disspointed if we (not/ come)……………… 8. Would John be angry if I (take) ……………… this bicycle without asking? 9. Ann gave me a ring. She (be) …………… terribly sad if I lost it? 10. If someone (walk) …………… in here with a smile, I’d be very happy to welcome. 11. What would happen if the teacher (not/ come) …………………… to class tomorrow. 12. I’m sure she (understand) ……………… if you explained the situation to her. 13. If we (go) ……………. To their party next week, they would very happy. 14. What would if you (win) ………………… the championship? Exercise II. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets to coplete the following sentences. 1. If there (not/ be)……………gravity, the moon (shoot) ……………….into space instead of traveling arround the earth. 2. If I were you, I (do) …………………….differently. 3. If I find your passport, I (phone) ………………………you at once. 4. If I (have) ……………wings, I (not have to) ……………….take an umbrella to fly home. 5. This letter has got to be in Ho Chi Minh city in two days. I’m sure if I (send)…………….it today, it (arrive) …………………in time. 6. People (be) ……………….able to fly if they (have) ………………… feathers instead of hair? 7. I’m not an astronaut. If I (be)…………… an astronaut, I (take) ………………….an umbrella with me on the rockettrip next month. 8. Most people know that oil floats on water. If you (pour) ………………oil on water, it (float) ………………………. 9. If there (not be)…………………… any oxygen on the earth, life (not exsist)……………………… 10. It has been a long drought. It hasn’t rained for a month. If it (not rain) …………………soon, a lot of crops (die)……………………… If the crops (die) …………………., many people (go) ……………………hungry this coming winter. 11. If the rice paddy are polluted, rice plant (die) . 12. If we go on littering, the environment (become) seriously polluted. 13. If we (plant) .more trees along the streets, we will have more shade and fresh air. 14. If we use so much pesticide on vegetables, the vegetables (become) poinsionous and inedible. 15. If we (keep) .our environment clean, we (live) .happier and healthier life. 4