CÁC DẠNG bài tập ôn THI THPT QUỐC GIA môn ANH (2)

SĐsssqsqqsqs CÁC DẠNG SO SÁNH CỦA TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ PHẦN 1 I.. So sánh bằng của danh từ E.g.: My house is as high as his = My house is the same height as his.. So sánh hơn/ kém/ bằn

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CÁC DẠNG SO SÁNH CỦA TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ

PHẦN 1

I SO SÁNH BẰNG (EQUALITY)

1.1 Cấu trúc “as1… as2…” dùng với adj/ adv

 Trong câu phủ định, as1 có thể thay thế bằng “so” (informal)

 Sau as2 phải là đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ, không được là đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ

E.g.: She is not as patient as her mother Có thể dùng:

She is not so patient as her mother (informal)

He runs as quickly as his brother

The inflation rate this year is not as high as it was last year/ last year’s (NOT “last year”)

1.2 So sánh bằng của danh từ

E.g.: My house is as high as his = My house is the same height as his

The iPhone 5 is perfectly the same size as the iPhone 5s = The iPhone 5 is as big/ small as the iPhone 5s

II SO SÁNH HƠN KÉM (COMPARITIVE)

2.1 Công thức chung:

(a) Short adjectives (có 1 âm tiết)

S1 + be + adj + ER + than + S2 (aux)

E.g.: cold  colder, high  higher

(a) Adv = adj (có 1 âm tiết)

S1 + V (chia) + adv + ER + than + S2 + (aux)

E.g.: long, fast, late, hard, … (xem lại lesson 1, 2 chapter 6)

E.g.: VietJet Air planes often arrive later than Vietnam Airlines

S + V + as1 + adj/ adv + as2 + noun/ pronoun + (aux)

S + V + the same (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun

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S + V + as + many/ much/ few/ little + noun + as + noun/ pronoun + (aux)

S + V + more/ less/ fewer + noun + than + noun/ pronoun + (aux)

* Ngoại lệ:

(1) Từ kết thúc bằng 1 nguyên âm

và 1 phụ âm  nhân đôi phụ âm cuối rồi cộng thêm ER: hot  hotter

(2) Từ kết thúc bằng –y  i + ER:

early  earlier

(3) Nhóm từ đặc biệt: có 2 cách

chuyển so sánh hơn:

Clever  cleverer/ more clever Quiet  quieter/ more quiet Narrow  narrower/ more narrow Friendly  friendlier/ more friendly (b) Long adjs (2 âm tiết trở lên)

S1 + be + MORE/ LESS + adj + than + S2 + (aux)

E.g.: The economy this quarter is

more fluctuating than the previous

one

(b) Long adverbs (2 âm tiết trở lên)

S1 + V (chia) + MORE/ LESS + adv + than + S2 + (aux)

E.g.: Jacky played more impressively than other contestants

2.2 Khi so sánh một người/ vật với tất cả những người/ vật khác  thêm ELSE vào sau anything/

anyone/ anybody

E.g.: You must love yourself than anyone else

2.3 Khi nhấn mạnh so sánh  thêm MUCH/ FAR vào trước so sánh

E.g.: Jamie’s new jeans are far more expensive than mine

He speaks English much more fluently than he does

Spanish

2.4 So sánh hơn/ kém/ bằng với DANH TỪ

+ countable nouns: dùng sau many/ few

+ uncountable nouns: dùng sau much/ little

E.g.: Elizabeth works as many hours a day as I do

Their jobs allow them less freedom than ours does

2.5 Loại bỏ chủ ngữ đằng sau AS hoặc THAN nếu nó trùng với chủ ngữ thứ nhất, đặc biệt là khi động từ sau

AS/ THAN ở thể bị động:

Lúc này AS và THAN còn có thêm 1 chức năng: biến thành đại từ quan hệ thay thế

E.g.1: The storm was not destructive AS had been forecasted (NOT: … as it had been forecasted)

E.g.2: The music show is going to be held AS has been planned since last year (NOT: … as it has been planned…)

* TÂN NGỮ cũng bị loại bỏ sau các động từ ở mệnh đề sau AS và THAN

E.g.: Don’t take this damaged lift as I did this morning (NOT: as I dit it this morning)

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CÁC DẠNG SO SÁNH CỦA TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ

BÀI TẬP- PHẦN 1

Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence

1 Ms Jones isn't as nice Ms Smith

2 The rooms in Graduate Towers are Patterson Hall

A larger than B larger than that of C larger than those in D larger than in

3 Although she is very popular, she is not her sister

A pretty as B as pretty C prettier than D most pretty than

4 Tuition at an American university runs …… six thousand dollars a semester

A so high as B as high to C as high as D as high than

5 Everyone looks much today than they did yesterday

6 Mr Brown receives a salary than anyone else in the company

7 The Boeing 747 is twice the Boeing 707

A bigger than B as bigger as C as big as D more bigger than

8 "Do you know that beautiful lady over there?" "Yes, that's Wanida She's in her group

A more beautiful than any girl B more beautiful than any other girl

C so beautiful as other girl D beautiful more than another girl

9 My young brother grew very quickly and soon he was my mother

A more big than B so big than C as big as D too big than

10 The tourist company was down the street than I had thought

11 John’s grades are ……… than his sister’s

12 Deana is the ……… of the three sisters

13 She speaks English as ……… as her friend does

14 Of the three shirts, this one is the ………

A prettier B most prettiest C prettiest D most pretty

15 The baby’s illness is ……… than we thought at first

16 Today is the ……… day of the month

17 He works more ……… than I

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18 My book is as ……… as yours

19 I love you ……… than I can say

20 It’s ……… to go by bus than by car

21 That house is ……… one on the street

22 This hotel must be ……… than the small one next door

A expensive B more expensive C the most expensive D the more expensive

23 An orange is ……… than a plum

A more large B more larger C larger D the largest

24 What is the ……… thing you have ever done?

A more difficult B most difficult C difficulty D difficult than

25 This river is than that river

26 The test is not ………….… difficult ……… it was last month

27 Peter usually drives ……… Mary

A more fast B more fast than C faster than D B and C

28 My brother sang of all the pupils of the group

A more beautifully B the most beautifully C less beautiful D most beautifully

29 At 3,810 meters above sea level in Bolivia stands Lake Titicaca, …… in the world

A the highest large lakeB largest high lake C high largest lake D the high largest lake

30 The hotel was any one we had stayed at before

A more expensive than B more expensive as C most expensive than D better expensive than

31 A: It's a long way from Britain, isn't it?

B: Yes, but it isn't as as Hong Kong

32 Gaining the first prize in this competition is the……….moment in my life

A most unforgettable B unforgettabler C more unforgettable D unforgettably

33 Japan is usually Saudi Arabia in summer

A hot than B as hot so C cooler than D so hot as

34 .apples are grown in Washington State

35 She is now she used to

A more busy than B busier than C more busier than D busier that

36 This play is than the one we saw last week

37 Of Charles Dickens’ novels, Great Expectations is perhaps to many readers

A the most satisfying one B most satisfying one

C more than satisfying one D the more satisfying than

38 He says: “These neighbors are the others.”

A friendlier than B more friendly than C friendlier as D Both A and B

39 The Mississippi is The Thames

A the longer than B longer than C the longest than D more long than

40 tools are screwdrivers, hammers and saws

A The usefulness B The most useful C The more useful D The best useful

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41 Some computers can work 500,000 times any person can

A faster than B fast than C fatter than D more fast than

42 This pen is the other two pens

C more expensive than D as expensive than

43 The exam was quite easy; we expected

A more easy that B more easy than C easier than D easier as

44 The story was really boring It was I’ve ever read

C the story more boring D the most boring story

45 The picture he gave you is more valuable the one he gave me

46 Australia’s one of the places in the world for holiday

47 Nam runs than any boy in his class

A faster B more faster C the fastest D fastest

48 The Sears Tower is ……… building in Chicago

A taller B the more tall C the tallest D taller and taller

49 Peter is ……… John

A younger and more intelligent than B more young and intelligent than

C more intelligent and young than D the more intelligent and younger than

50 The Mekong Delta is ……… deltas in Vietnam

A the largest of the two B the more larger of the two

C one of the two largest D one of the two large

ĐÁP ÁN I/ Review:

1 Cấu trúc so sánh bằng S1 + V + so/as + Adj/Adv + as + S2 (1)

Lưu ý: so có thể được dùng thay cho as trong trường hợp so sánh KHÔNG bằng

2 Cấu trúc so sánh hơn: (2)

 Với Adj/Adv ngắn: S1 + V + Adj/Adv_er + than + S2

 Với Adj/Adv dài: S1 + V + more + Adj/Adv + than + S2

Trong một số trường hợp, S2 có thể là một O hoặc một mềnh đề

Eg: There are more people than I expected.

3 Cấu trúc so sánh nhất: (3)

 Với Adj/Adv ngắn: S + V + the + Adj/Adv_est + O

 Với Adj/Adv dài: S + V + the most + Adj/Adv + O

1 Ms Jones isn't as nice Ms Smith

Cấu trúc so sánh bằng S1 + be + as + Adj + as + S2 (1)

2 The rooms in Graduate Towers are Patterson Hall

A larger than B larger than that of C larger than those in D larger than in

Cấu trúc so sánh hơn: (2)

Ở đây those đóng vai trò là S2 tương đương với the rooms

II/ Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence

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3 Although she is very popular, she is not her sister

A pretty as B as pretty C prettier than D most pretty than

Theo cấu trúc (2)

4 Tuition at an American university runs …… six thousand dollars a semester

A so high as B as high to C as high as D as high than

5 Everyone looks much today than they did yesterday

A happy B more happily C happily D happier

Cấu trúc (2), lưu ý cấu trúc với look: S + look + Adj

6 Mr Brown receives a salary than anyone else in the company

7 The Boeing 747 is twice the Boeing 707

A bigger than B as bigger as C as big as D more bigger than

Cấu trúc so sánh gấp bao nhiêu (một, hai,…) lần: S1 + V + số lần ( once, twice, three times,…) as + adj + as S2

8 "Do you know that beautiful lady over there?" "Yes, that's Wanida She's in her group

A more beautiful than any girl B more beautiful than any other girl

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C so beautiful as other girl D beautiful more than another girl

9 My young brother grew very quickly and soon he was my mother

A more big than B so big than C as big as D too big than

10 The tourist company was down the street than I had thought

 So sánh hơn dạng đặc biệt của một số tính từ: little – less, many- more,…

11 John’s grades are ……… than his sister’s

12 Deana is the ……… of the three sisters

13 She speaks English as ……… as her friend does

14 Of the three shirts, this one is the ………

A prettier B most prettiest C prettiest D most pretty

15 The baby’s illness is ……… than we thought at first

worst,…

16 Today is the ……… day of the month

17 He works more ……… than I

18 My book is as ……… as yours

19 I love you ……… than I can say

20 It’s ……… to go by bus than by car

21 That house is ……… one on the street

22 This hotel must be ……… than the small one next door

A expensive B more expensive C the most expensive D the more expensive

23 An orange is ……… than a plum

A more large B more larger C larger D the largest

Theo cấu trúc (2); Plum /pl^m/ (n): quả mận

24 What is the ……… thing you have ever done?

So sánh hơn – hơn nhất dạng đặc biệt của một số tính từ: little – less least, many – more most, bad – worse

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-A more difficult B most difficult C difficulty D difficult than

25 This river is than that river

26 The test is not ………….… difficult ……… it was last month

A as / as B so / as C more / as D A and B

27 Peter usually drives ……… Mary

A more fast B more fast than C faster than D B and C

Theo cấu trúc (2), lưu ý: fast (Adj/Adv)

28 My brother sang of all the pupils of the group

A more beautifully B the most beautifully C less beautiful D most beautifully

29 At 3,810 meters above sea level in Bolivia stands Lake Titicaca, …… in the world

Theo cấu trúc (3), các phép so sánh được áp dụng với tính từ đi ngay sau động từ trong câu.

30 The hotel was any one we had stayed at before

31 A: It's a long way from Britain, isn't it?

B: Yes, but it isn't as as Hong Kong

32 Gaining the first prize in this competition is the……….moment in my life

33 Japan is usually Saudi Arabia in summer

A hot than B as hot so C cooler than D so hot as

34 .apples are grown in Washington State

35 She is now she used to

A more busy than B busier than C more busier than D busier that

36 This play is than the one we saw last week

A as good B good C more good D better

 So sánh hơn – hơn nhất dạng đặc biệt của một số tính từ: little – less - least, many – more - most, bad – worse –

worst, good – better – best,…

37 Of Charles Dickens’ novels, Great Expectations is perhaps to many readers

C more than satisfying one D the more satisfying than

Theo cấu trúc (3); satisfying /’sætisfaiŋ/ (adj): làm vừa ý, làm thỏa mãn

38 He says: “These neighbors are the others.”

A friendlier than B more friendly than C friendlier as D Both A and B

Đây là trường hợp đặc biệt, friendly được dung như là một tính từ ngắn hoặc một tính từ dài.

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39 The Mississippi is The Thames

A the longer than B longer than C the longest than D more long than

40 tools are screwdrivers, hammers and saws

A The usefulness B The most useful C The more useful D The best useful

41 Some computers can work 500,000 times any person can

 Cấu trúc so sánh hơn gấp bao nhiêu (một, hai,…) lần:

Với Adj/Adv ngắn: S1 + V + số lần ( once, twice, three times,…) + Adj/Adv_er + S2

Với Adj/Adv dài: S1 + V + số lần ( once, twice, three times,… ) + more + Adj/Adv + S2

Lưu ý: ở đây S2 là một mệnh đề.

42 This pen is the other two pens

43 The exam was quite easy; we expected

A more easy that B more easy than C easier than D easier as

44 The story was really boring It was I’ve ever read

C the story more boring

45 The picture he gave you is more valuable the one he gave me

46 Australia’s one of the places in the world for holiday

47 Nam runs than any boy in his class

Theo cấu trúc (2), lưu ý: fast (Adj/Adv)

48 The Sears Tower is ……… building in Chicago

A taller B the more tall C the tallest D taller and taller

49 Peter is ……… John

C more intelligent and young than D the more intelligent and younger than

Khi trong câu có xuất hiện cả tính từ ngắn và tính từ dài, đưa tính từ ngắn lên trước rồi lần lượt thực hiện phép

so sánh.

50 The Mekong Delta is ……… deltas in Vietnam

A the largest of the two B the more larger of the two

Dịch: “Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long là một trong hai đồng bằng lớn nhất Việt Nam.”

Delta /’deltə/ (n): Đồng bằng

D than

D the most boring story

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PHẦN 2

III Superlative (so sánh nhất)

So sánh nhất được sử dụng khi so sánh 3 người hoặc 3 vật trở lên

1 Short adj(s)/adv(s) (Tính từ/Trạng từ ngắn)

The + adj/adv + EST

 Dùng giới từ “in” với danh từ số ít

E.g: Helen is the the youngest member in the group

 Dùng giới từ “of ’ với danh từ số nhiều

E.g: Lily is the tallest of the 3 sisters

 Trong cấu trúc “one of the +superlative + noun (plural) + V(singular)

E.g: One of the greatest politicians in the world is Ho Chi Minh

2 Long adj(s)/adv(s) (Tính từ/Trạng từ dài)

The + MOST/LEAST+ adj/adv E.g: What is the most enịoyabe holiday that you’vc cvcr had?

3 Notes:

 Quy tắc 1-1-1: hot -> hottest, big -> bigger

 Kết thúc bằng e thì chỉ thêm st: largest

 Kết thúc bằng -y thỉ đổi thành i + est: easy easiest

IV So sảnh đa bôí

Số lần + as many/ much as

E.g: This make-up set costs twice as much as the other one

V So sánh kép/đồng tiến

 Dịch ra tiếng Việt: càng càng

The + comparative + SI + VI, the + comparative + S2 + VI E.g: The colder it gets, the more excited the children are

 Nếu không có adj/adv để so sánh, dùng “the more”

E.g: The more you study, the better marks you will get

 Nếu cả hai vế đều có “it is” thì bỏ chúng đi

E.g: The shorter (it is), the better (it is)

4 Bảng tông hợp adj/adv bất quy tắc:

10 Old (people, things)

older elder

oldest eldest

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