Report compiled and edited by Bo Barker Jørgensen and Henrik Fossing

BALTIC GAS Final scientific report Reporting period: January 1, 2009 – December 31, 2011 Report compiled and edited by Bo Barker Jørgensen and Henrik Fossing Table of content Executive summary 1.1 BALTIC GAS main results 1.2 Project management, research cruises, and data collection 1.3 Methane gas and seismo-acoustic mapping 1.3.1 Spatial mapping of shallow gas using a low frequency multibeam echosounder 1.3.2 Towards quantification of shallow free gas in Baltic Sea sediments 1.3.3 Rising of methane gas bubbles through the water column and pockmark distribution in the Gdansk Basin 1.4 Sediment and water column biogeochemistry and physical characters 1.4.1 Methane in Baltic Sea sediments 1.4.2 Holocene mud deposits and presence of free methane gas (an example from Aarhus Bay) 1.4.3 Distribution and temporal variability of dissolved methane in the water column of the Baltic Sea 1.4.4 Continuous measurement of surface methane concentrations – ships of opportunity 1.4.5 The role of the inshore and littoral region for methane emissions from the Baltic Sea 1.5 Modelling methane dynamics in the Baltic Sea 1.5.1 Climate-related effects on past and future methane dynamics 1.5.1.1 Hindcasting methane dynamics during the Holocene 1.5.1.2 Forecasting the impact of climate change on methane gas inventories 1.5.2 Environmental controls of gaseous methane production in the Baltic Sea (an example from Aarhus Bay) 1.5.3 Regionalization and budgeting of methane cycle 1.6 Deliverables Further research and exploitation of the results 2.1 Further research 2.2 Exploitation of the results Work package overview WP 1: Project management, coordination and dissemination WP 2: Data mining and GIS-mapping WP 3: Gas and seismo-acoustic mapping WP 4: Biogeochemistry WP 5: Modelling and data integration BALTIC GAS Science team Educational activities Stakeholder events and other related activities 6.1 Stakeholder and scientific committees 6.2 Other related activities Meetings and conferences Peer reviewed scientific papers Submitted scientific papers 10 Statistics for the performance assessment of the Programme page 3 10 13 15 16 19 20 22 24 26 26 26 27 28 29 31 33 33 34 36 36 37 40 43 49 53 55 57 57 59 60 63 64 64 Executive Summary BALTIC GAS is a research project funded by BONUS (i.e The Baltic Organisations Network for funding Science) that addresses methane in the Baltic Sea and its mutual coupling to climate change and eutrophication Through application of seismo-acoustic techniques and geochemical approaches BALTIC GAS mapped shallow gas in the Baltic Sea seabed and water column and analysed methane production, consumption, gas accumulation, and methane fluxes for a better understanding and quantitative synthesis of the dynamics and budget of methane in Baltic Sea The BALTIC GAS research project brought together a multidisciplinary team of scientists from 12 research institutions (see BALTIC GAS Science team) with the goal to (1) quantify and map the distribution and flux of methane in the Baltic Sea, (2) analyse the controls on the relevant key biogeochemical processes, (3) integrate seismo-acoustic mapping with geochemical profiling, (4) model the dynamics of Baltic Sea methane in the past (Holocene period), present (transport-reaction models), and future (with predictive scenarios), and (5) identify hot-spots of gas and potential future methane emission in the Baltic Sea The research project applied modern advanced technology and novel combinations of approaches to pursue the listed goals i.a multibeam bathymetry and seismo-acoustic profiling to map gas distribution and escape structures in combination with gravity coring Further methane ebullition was identified and analysed by acoustic flare imaging and sea surface emission by floating methane-gas flux chambers and “ferry box” monitoring Already existing data were mined and combined with new observations to generate the first well-constrained methane budget of a coastal sea, to map gas appearance in the seabed and to generate a predictive model to understand and forecast methane fluxes as a function of environmental gradients, climate change, and continued eutrophication The BALTIC GAS research project was divided into work packages (see also Work package overview) WP1: Project management, coordination and dissemination, WP2: Data mining and GIS-mapping, WP3: Gas and seismo-acoustic mapping, WP4: Biogeochemistry, WP5: Modelling and data integration, The vast majority of the new and existing knowledge obtained during BALTIC GAS, however, was reached through a tight (interdisciplinary) cooperation between work packages A short introduction that outlines the coordination of the BALTIC GAS research project is given below followed by a presentation of the major outcome of the project Additional information may be read on the BALTIC GAS homepage (www.balticgas.au.dk, i.e Deliverable 1.1) where all BALTIC GAS Deliverables are accessible (except for two submitted manuscripts, i.e Deliverable 4.4 and 5.3) 1.1 BALTIC GAS main results • A novel approach was developed for the monitoring of gas in the seabed Low frequency multibeam backscatter data provided unique mapping capabilities of the distribution and depth of free gas Com- • • • • • • • • • bined with geochemical analyses of deep sediment cores this has yielded new high-resolution maps of methane and gas distribution in selected areas of the Baltic Sea sediments A novel approach was developed to quantify gas in the seabed by a Parasound sediment echosounder using three individual wavelengths By this use of multichannel seismo-acoustics combined with advanced data analysis it was possible to determine the gas volume in the sediment as well as the size of gas bubbles and the vertical extent of gassy sediment Such data are now used to verify model results on methane accumulation and cycling A novel application of a multibeam swath mapping system for sediment visualization was used to detect and quantify gas bubbles rising from the seabed A new cross-correlation technique similar to that used in particle imaging velocimetry has now yielded impressive results with respect to unambiguous bubble detection and remote bubble rise velocimetry A detailed transect of seismic and geochemical data from non-gassy to gassy sediment in Aarhus Bay combined with reactive-transport modeling has now provided strong evidence that free gas bubbles in the Baltic Sea sediments migrate slowly upwards When approaching the sulfate zone the gas redissolves and the methane is effectively broken down sub-bottom Hot-spots of methane outgassing from the sediment, often accompanied by pock-marks on the seafloor found by multibeam bathymetry, have now been detected and mapped in several areas of the Baltic Sea, in particular in the Polish and Russian sectors Long-term monitoring of methane in the surface water throughout the central Baltic Sea by a “ferrybox” mounted on a ferry between Travemünde, Gdynia and Helsinki has revealed the seasonal dynamics and geographical distribution of methane Combined with a transect through the entire water column from the Bay of Bothnia to the Kattegat this has yielded a unique data set on methane in the Baltic Sea and on the source strength of this green-house gas to the atmosphere Based on data mining and on new data an extensive database on methane and related parameters has been compiled and made publicly available through the BALTIC GAS homepage and the database, PANGAEA The data have also been used to develop new GIS-maps of the distribution of gas, the depth of the methane zone, and the subsurface methane fluxes in the central basins of the Baltic Sea Studies in the central basins were supplemented with detailed analyses of methane cycling in the Swedish archipelago Experiments indicated that 30-84% of the total methane flux in the sediment could be attributed to bubbles Yet, 98% of this methane was oxidized in the oxic water column, thus preventing emission to the atmosphere The remaining water-air flux was still 10-fold higher than in the central basins Based on the large geophysical and geochemical data base compiled by BALTIC GAS, a transient reactive-transport model was developed to understand the past and present methane cycle in the Baltic seabed and the accumulation of gas The model results now explain quantitatively how gas in the seabed is controlled by the thickness of Holocene mud which is the main modern source of methane Model predictions of future methane fluxes and the potential for accelerating gas emissions from the seabed have shown a large robustness of the biogeochemical processes towards breaking down the methane This robustness could not have been predicted without the large amount of new data that could verify the model and has been a key result of the project The general model forecast is thus that the predicted temperature increase of 1-2 oC and salinity drop in the Baltic Sea, together with an unchanged level of eutrophication, is not expected to lead to a dramatic increase in the gas ebullition from the sediments during this century 1.2 Project management, research cruises, and data collection A total of 52 scientist, post docs, Ph.D-students, master students, and technicians were engaged in BALTIC GAS They participated during the project period (1/1/2009 – 31/12 2011) in BALTIC GAS workshops (Table 1; Deliverable 1.3), meetings between two or more BALTIC GAS institutions, Baltic Sea integrated seismo-acoustic training courses (see Educational activities), (see Stakeholder events and other related activities), conferences and stakeholder events (see Meeting and conferences), and 15 cruises to the Baltic Sea (Deliverable 1.5) covering in particular Aarhus Bay, Mecklenburg Bay, Arcona and Bornholm Basin, Gdansk Bay, Baltic proper, Gotland Deep, Gulf of Bothnia, Gulf of Finland, and Himmerfjärden (a Swedish fjord about 50 km SSW of Stockholm; see Table and Fig 1) See also BALTIC GAS scientific Reports (Deliverable 1.2) Table BALTIC GAS workshops organized during the project period: 1/1/ 2009 – 31/12 2011 Locality Bremen Germany Warnemünde Germany Askö Sweden Kaliningrad-region Russia Aarhus Denmark dates February 4-6 2009 Hosting institution Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology September 16-17 2009 June 7-9 2010 February 23-24 2011 November 1-3 2011 Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemünde Fig Baltic Sea geographical areas investigated during 15 BALTIC GAS cruises Aarhus Bay (A), (B) Mecklenburg Bay, (C) Arkona Basin, (D) Bornholm Basin, (E) Gdansk Bay, (F) Baltic proper, (G) Gotland Deep, (H) Bothnian Sea, (I) Bothnian Bay), (J) Gulf of Finland, (K) Himmerfjärden See also Table Stockholm University Department of Geological Sciences Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Atlantic Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Center for Geomicrobiology Department of Biological Sciences Aarhus University Number of participants 29 24 24 25 26 The research cruises were the backbone of the BALTIC GAS research project where targeted sediment sampling was done based on seismo-acoustic measurement, the water column was sampled and flux measurements across the water-atmosphere interface were conducted (WP3 and WP4) Additionally mining of existing seismic data was performed (WP2) mainly from BALTIC GAS institutional ‘hard copy’ data i.a The Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemünde, The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Atlantic Branch of the P.P.Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Russian Academy of Sciences, and Department of Geosciences at the University of Bremen Also professor emeritus Dr T Flodén from The University of Stockholm contributed with important interpretation of seismic data from a large area offshore Gotland The collected seismic data were loaded to seismic workstations by the data owners, the distribution of free gas was digitized, and the data compiled at GEUS as basis for GIS-mapping carried out by Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (see below and Deliverable 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3) Table and Fig gives an overview of the seismic lines recorded or mined from archived data during BALTIC GAS Table Cruises accomplished during BALTIC GAS (2009 – 2011) Investigations performed comprised i.a seismoacoustic measurements, sediment sampling and concomitant analyses to depict chemical and physical profiles, water column studies, and air-water flux measurements (see cruise reports for further details) Number of participating BALTIC GAS scientists and institutions are listed together with name of chief scientist Research vessel Region Date Investigations Southern Baltic Gulf of Gdansk Vistula River mouth Gulf of Finland Northern Baltic proper Himmerfjärden Feb 20-27 seismo-acoustics sediment Gotland Basin Bothnian Sea and Bay Gulf of Finland (i.e Vyborg Bay) Apr 21-25 May 12 -17 Jun 4-17 Jun 30 July Gotland Basin Bothnian Sea and Bay Aarhus Bay Aug 28 Sep Oct seismo-acoustics sediment water column sediment water column sediment Southern Baltic Slupsk Furrow Gdansk Deep Hel Peninsula region MecklenburgBay Arcona Basin Bornholm Deep Stolpe Foredelta Gotland Deep Nov 5-16 seismo-acoustics sediment Nov 27 Dec 17 seismo-acoustics sediment water column 2010 RV Susanne A Aarhus Bay sediment RV Limanda Himmerfjärden RV Prof Shtokman Russian Sector of Gdansk Basin (i.e NW pers) Mecklenburg Bay Arkona Basin Bornholm Basin Gotland Deep Bothnian Sea and Bay May 5-7 Jun 10 -14 Jun 20-27 2009 RV Oceania RV Aranda1) RV Limanda RV Aranda1) RV Ladoga RV Merian1) RV Susanne A RV Oceania RV Poseidon RV Merian 2011 RV Limanda Himmerfjärden RV Limanda Himmerfjärden 1) Jul 31 Aug 21 Jun 10-16 Oct 20-21 sediment sediment sediment water column seismo-acoustics sediment water column seismo-acoustics sediment water column water column air-water flux water column air-water flux BALATIC GAS scientist(s) invited to participate on cruise organized by other BONUS-project partner Chief scientist persons /institutions Zygmunt Klusek pers/2 inst Harry Kankaanpää pers/2 inst Volker Brüchert pers/3 inst Alf Norkko pers/2 inst Nikolay Pimenov pers/1 inst Falk Pollehne pers/1 inst Henrik Fossing pers/3 inst Zygmunt Klusek 14 pers/4 inst Rudolf Endler 11 pers/4 inst Henrik Fossing pers/3 inst Volker Brüchert pers /2 inst Vadim Sivkov pers/2 inst Gregor Rehder 29 pers /7 inst Volker Brüchert pers/2 inst Volker Brüchert pers/1 inst Table Seismo-acoustic data (measured and archived) complied in a common database by GEUS See Fig Data source Archive data Archive data Fig Seismo-acoustic lines (i.e data) complied in a common database by GEUS Black lines are archive data Red lines show seismo-acoustic data measured during Baltic Gas University of Stockholm Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Atlantic Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Archive data Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemünde Archive data The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Archive data Department of Geosciences , University of Bremen Acoustic data measured during Baltic Gas Total seismic database Acoustic line length (km) 2,700 18,300 5,100 1,900 900 4,600 33,500 Sediment parameters were measured during 12 out of the 15 cruises and comprised a vast amount of both biogeochemical and physical observations in combination with sediment characterization and occasionally rate measurements of methanogensis, anoxic oxidation of methane, and sulphate reduction (see cruise reports for details: http://balticgas.au.dk/balticgasaudk/project/workingareasandcruises/ Deliverable 1.5) The number of parameters recorded differed between sediment cores but as a key parameter to BALTIC GAS methane (CH4) was measured in all sediment cores and sulfate (SO42-) in most Thus sediment data submitted to the common database PANGAEA (http://pangaea.de/) comprised (when measured) (Deliveable 1.4): A) Pore water chemistry: CH4, δ13CH4, SO42-, H2S, Cl-, Fe2+, Mn2+, NH4+, PO43-, alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), δ13DIC, acetate and other volatile fatty acids (VFA), B) Solid phase chemistry: acid volatile sulfide (AVS), chromium reducible sulfur (CRS), ‘metals’, nutrients, Fe(solid phase), Pb-210, total nitrogen (TN), total carbon ( TC), C/N-ratio, total organic carbon (TOC), δ13TOC, C) Process rates: methanogensis, anoxic oxidation of methane, and sulphate reduction D) Physical parameters: temperature, density, porosity Sampling of the water column comprised CH4, δ13CH4, and H2S and was always accompanied (i.e initiated) by a conventional CTD cast The water column data were likewise submitted to PANGAEA Fluxes of methane from the sediment to the bottom water and across the sea surface in coastal and open-sea Baltic waters were determined by modelling from concentration data and by direct flux measurement Sea-air exchange was quantified by data from an autonomous measurement system mounted on the ferry M/S FINNMAID in November 2009 commuting regularly between Travemünde (Germany), Gdynia (Poland) and Helsinki (Finland) to measure methane and carbon dioxide concentration in the surface waters Direct sea-air fluxes of methane were determined with floating chambers in near-shore areas of the Southern Stockholm archipelago, in particular theHimmerfjärden estuary The BALTIC GAS coordinators organized that the modellers received seismo-acoustic data and results from in situ sediment measurements on a regular basis and that data were exchanged between BALTIC GAS scientists, particularly at BALTIC GAS workshops Here also new ideas, hypotheses, and theories were discussed based on the most recent findings and the modellers’ knowledge base’ was improved leading to the development of robust algorithms and models These models proved highly valuable in bringing the many point observations into a larger context and in confirming hypotheses concerning, e.g the transport-reactions models 1.3 Methane gas and seismo-acoustic mapping During the BALTIC GAS research project seismo-acoustic surveying was the initial and most efficient method to find and map free methane gas in the sediment and water column In particular when combined with direct methane measurements in sediment cores and water column samples In BALTIC GAS, acoustic monitoring of sediments was performed by use of a broad spectrum of acoustic techniques and equipment i.a singlebeam echo-sounders with frequencies of 12, 38 and 200 kHz, low frequency multibeam echo-sounder (50 kHz ELAC), parasound sediment echo-sounder (4.2, 18,5 and 42.8 kHz) , Innomar sediment echo-sounder (5, 10 and 15 kHz), high resolution broadband chirp echo-sounder (1 – 10kHz), singlechannel Boomer (2 – 4kHz), single-channel Sparker (1kHz), and multichannel Airgun seismics (200 Hz) The echo-sounder transmits high frequency sound waves down to the sea floor and further into the seabed Depending on the frequency, more or less of the energy is reflected at the sea floor, which enables a precise Fig A seismo-acoustic transect crossing methane gas saturated sediment in Bornholm Basin across a distance of o o o about km (about 90 m water depth) between site 374200 (55 14.973N/ 15 26.147E) and site 374180 (55 20.329N/ o 15 26.237E) Methane gas bubbles efficiently absorb the acoustic energy and thus ‘blanks’ information from the underlying sedimentary strata Yellow vertical lines show position and length of gravity cores sampled (see also Fig 11) determination of the water depth with an accuracy of a few centimeters Lower frequency sound waves penetrate deeper into the sediment depending on the hardness of the seabed due to differences in mineralogy and other geological features The sound waves penetrate relatively easy into fine grained sediments as mud, silt, and clay, whereas penetration depths are very limited in sand, gravel and glacial till Thus, the seismo-acoustic data obtained give an acoustic cross section of the seabed where the sediments and sediment strata are seen by ‘acoustic imagery’ as a vertical reflector pattern profile (Fig 3) Methane gas bubbles, however, efficiently absorb the acoustic energy and thus ‘blank’ information from the underlying sedimentary strata Hence by ‘acoustic imagery’, free methane gas is observed as a conspicuous, more or less homogeneous blanking on the seismic ‘picture’ or ‘scan’ (Fig 3) During most BALTIC GAS cruises and at most stations studied hydroacoustic singlebeam echo-sounders were used as the standard tool for remote sensing of free methane gas in the seabed and water column However, during BALTIC GAS also new seismo-acoustic techniques were introduced and demonstrated as superior solutions for shallow gas mapping compared to singlebeam techniques as explained below 1.3.1 Spatial mapping of shallow gas using a low frequency multibeam echosounder Bornholm Basin in the Baltic Sea (80m) hosting free methane gas was surveyed with low and high frequency multibeam acoustic equipment accompanied by standard sub-bottom profiling The gathered multibeam backscatter data (Fig 4a) revealed distinct differences between areas with and without gas Compared to standard technique singlebeam data (Fig 4b) and geochemical analysis (Fig 4a, cs1 and cs2) BALTIC GAS scientist for the first time demonstrated a perfect match in regard to sensing free methane gas with Fig (a) Backscatter amplitude chart of EM120 with a transition zone between bluish/no gas and yellowish/shallow gas areas; the inlet shows amplitude data gathered from the 95 kHz system not showing any transition, (b) PARASOUND sub-bottom data recorded along the blue and red line in (a) starting at 08:15 UTC The transition zone between shallow gas (right) and no shallow gas (left) plots exactly at the same time as seen in the multibeam data (a) On figure (a) and (b) the blue and red line indicate the two sediment types ‘mud’ and ‘mud hosted with shallow gas’, respectively this method (Deliverable 3.3) In contrast no data patterns were observed in the high frequency multibeam survey (Fig 4a insert) This emphasized the superior potential of our low frequency approach where the low frequency pulses not only penetrated the seafloor up to 10 m but the ‘acoustic gas front’ also mimicked the gas front observed form direct measurement in gravity cores Even small gas pockets clearly emerged as “bright spots” in the backscatter data on the very outer swath at 140° (Fig 4a, patch in northeasterly region) making the multibeam system a reliable tool for 2D wide-angle/spatial mapping of shallow gas Fig Pseudo bathymetric presentation after application of a slope filter (Botnian Sea) Red areas show outcropping till seafloor, wheras blue and green data represent soundings reflected from subbottom features like gas and submerged till The technique just introduced was further tested in the Botnian Sea (Fig 5) The respective survey shows more complex morphology with outcropping till on the seafloor and subbottom channels within the Holocene mud locally hosting pockets of shallow gas The multibeam was run in parallel with the subbottom profiler Till, mud, and gas-bearing mud clearly plotted as different features in both datasets The till appeared as real bathymetric high (Fig 5), the mud caused deeper bathymetric measurements due to penetration; whereas the shallow gas within the mud caused a sudden bathymetric increase in the transition zone Even though earlier studies demonstrated the feasibility of backscattering strength analysis in regard to sensing shallow gas, no multibeam studies exist revealing subbottom gas submerged several meters below the seafloor in two dimensions Given the high sensitivity and the large coverage shown in our study we attribute low frequency multibeam sounders a great potential in soft sediments in regard to spatial mapping of shallow gas, identifications of individual gas pockets, and to locate buried objects 1.3.2 Towards quantification of shallow free gas in Baltic Sea sediments The presence of free gas bubbles introduces fundamental changes in the properties of sediments and their response to seismic sound waves While high frequency acoustic waves are strongly attenuated, lower frequency seismic waves are able to penetrate gas-charged sediment layers However, the speed in gas-bearing sediment is significantly reduced due to lower wet bulk density and modification of other elastic and sediment physical properties Thus by careful determination of interval velocity from raw multichannel seismic data, we were able to estimate the amounts of free gas in the sediment Recording the reflected seismic waves with an array of hydrophones/channels allowed an indirect measurement of their velocity from the curvature of reflection hyperbolae (conventional interactive velocity analysis) In addition, we performed velocity analysis on pre-stack time migrated data, which, although time consuming and computationally intensive, allowed the determination of the velocity field over gassy areas more accurately and more extensively in space than hitherto done Depending on stratification (identifiable reflectors), the accuracy and resolution varied significantly In general, velocities dropped from about 1450 m/s in non-gassy fine-grained surficial sediments down to a few hundred m/s in the gas-charged zone Beneath the gas patches, in the postglacial and glacial sediments, velocities again increased (>1500 m/s) 10 BALTIC GAS Science team Group photo from the final BALTIC GAS Workshop, held in Aarhus, Denmark, November 1-3, 2011 Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Biociences, Aarhus University, Denmark Bo Barker Jørgensen (bjoergen@mpi-bremen.de) coordinator, WP1-leader Britta Gribsholt Sabine Flury Hans Røy Irene Harder Tarpgaard Laura Lapham Camilla Nissen Toftdal Department of Biociences, Aarhus University, Denmark9 Henrik Fossing (hfo@dmu.dk) Principal scientist, assisting coordinator and WP1-leader Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark Jørn Bo Jensen (jbj@geus.dk) Principal scientist, WP2-leader Zyad Al-Hamdani Lars Georg Rödel Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bremen, Germany Volkhard Spiess (vspiess@uni-bremen.de) Principal Scientist Hanno Keil Noemi Fekete Tilmann Schwenk Zsuzsanna Toth Marius Raab Formerly named National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus, Denmark 53 Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany Timothy Ferdelman (tferdelm@mpi-bremen.de) Principal scientist, WP4-leader Michael Formolo Thang Manh Nguyen Natascha Riedinger Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany Michael Schlüter (michael.schlueter@awi.de) Principal scientist Ellen Damm Sabine Kasten Torben Gentz Michiel Rutgers van der Loeff Kerstin Jerosch Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemünde, Germany Gregor Rehder (gregor.rehder@io-warnemuende.de) Principal scientist, WP3-leader Rudolf Endler Thomas Leipe Wanda Gülzow Jens Schneider v Deimling Oliver Schmale Sascha Plewe Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Science, Gdansk, Poland Klusek Zygmunt (klusek@iopan.gda.pl) Principal scientist Piotr Majewski Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Nikolay Pimenov (npimenov@mail.ru) Principal scientist Timur Kanapatsky Vadim Sivkov10 Marina Ulyanova10 Dmitry Dorokhov10 Department of Geological Sciences11, Stockholm University, Sweden Volker Brüchert (volker.bruchert@geo.su.se) Principal scientist David Bastviken12 Patrick Crill Livija Ginters 10 Russian Academy of Sciences, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Atlantic Branch, Kaliningrad, Russia formerly named Department of Geology and Geochemistry 12 Department Water and Environmental Studies, Lindköping University, Sweden 11 54 Department of Geology, Lund University, Sweden Daniel Conley (daniel.conley@geol.lu.se) Principal scientist Maja Reinholdsson Svante Björck Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Regnier Pierre13 (pregnier@ulb.ac.be) Principal scientist, WP5-leader Philippe van Cappellen14 José Mogollon15 Andy Dale16 Educational activities A total of PhD and Master students received part of their educational training during BALTIC GAS of which two students graduated during 2011 and the rest will give in their thesis/ dissertation during the next two years Name Institution Graduation Ph.D students Thang Manh Nguyen Maja Reinholdsson Piotr Majewski Wanda Gülzow José Mogollón Zsuzsanna Toth Torben Gentz Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany Department of Geology Lund University, Sweden Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Science Gdansk, Poland Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemünde Germany Department of Earth Sciences Utrecht University, The Netherlands Department of Earth Sciences University of Bremen, Germany Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany Jan 2009 – Dec 2011 Nov 2012 Feb 2009 – Dec 2011 Sep 2013 Jan 2009 – Dec 2011 2013 Jan 2009 – Dec 2011 Jun 2012 Mar 2010 – Feb 2011 May 2011 Sep 2009 – Dec 2011 Dec 2012 Jul 2009 – Dec 2011 Sep 2012 Oct 2010 – Jun 2011 Jun 2011 May 2010– Oct 2010 Feb 2012 Master students Stine Thomas Livija Ginters Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemünde Germany Department of Geological Sciences Stockholm University, Sweden BALTIC GAS educational activities comprised students’ participation in workshops, research cruises, meetings and conferences and at a training course: Seismo-acoustic Imaging of Sedimentary and Gas-related Features in the Baltic Sea, the latter funded by The EEIG Steering Committee Now at 13 Dept Earth & Environmental Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Canada Excellence Research Chair in Ecohydrology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada 15 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany 16 Dept Marine Biogeochemistry, IMF-Geomar, Kiel, Germany 14 55 BALTIC GAS workshops (Table 1; Executive Summary) had all Ph.D and Master students participating with presentation of their research projects, engaged discussions, and evaluations of BALTIC GAS results in general At BALTIC GAS research cruises PhD-students were trained how to handle heavy sampling gear for water and sediment sampling, seismo-acoustic imaging of the sea floor, onboard good laboratory praxis, recording a cruise logbook, and participation at onboard scientists meetings comprising research presentations, scientific discussions, general cruise logistics etc Cruises with PhD-participation comprised (see also Table Y2; Executive Summary) • • • • • • • • • • Ph.D.: RV Oceania, Feb 20 – 27, 2009 Ph.D.: RV Limanda, May 12 – 17, 2009 Ph.D.: RV Aranda, Jun – 17, 2009 Ph.D.: RV Susanne A, Oct 6, 2009 Ph.D.: RV Oceania, Nov – 16, 2009 Ph.D.: RV Poseidon, Nov 27 – Dec 17, 2009 Ph.D.: RV Susanne A, May 4, 2010 Ph.D.: RV Merian, Jul 31 – Aug 21, 2010 Ph.D.: RV Limanda, Jun 10 – 14, 2010 Ph.D.: RV Limanda, Jun 10-16, 2011 Additionally a cruise planning workshop reg RV Maria S Merian cruise MSM 16/1 was offered at Stockholm University and Askö Field Station Laboratory (Sweden), June – 7, 2010 where a total of PhD-students were introduced to and actively participated in planning of this major research cruise Meetings and conferences (see Meetings and conferences) were important fora for Ph.D.-students to present their research, to network and improve their scientific career Thus, in BALTIC GAS the principal scientists gave highest priorities to Ph.D.-students to participate in such events with oral and/or poster presentations: • • • • • • • • Ph.D.: Association of Hungarian Geophysicists, Mátrafüred, Hungary, 26-27 March 2010, Hungary, 2627 March 2010 Ph.D.: EGU General Assembly, Vienna, May 2-7 2010 Ph.D.: 10th International Conference on Gas in Marine Sediments, Listvyanka, Lake Baikal, Russia, 6-12 September 2010 Ph.D.: AGU, San Francisco, USA December 13-17 2010 Ph.D.: EGU General Assembly, Vienna, 3-9 April 2011 Ph.D.: Bremen PhD days in Marine Sciences 2011, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany, 13-14 April 2011 Ph.D.: 8th Baltic Sea Science Congress, Skt Petersburg, Russia, August 22-26 2011 Ph.D.: 2nd Young Scientist Excellence Cluster Conference on Marine and Climate Research, Bremen, Germany, 4-5 October 2011 The training course in Seismo-acoustic Imaging of Sedimentary and Gas-related Features in the Baltic Sea was organized by University of Bremen, Germany, and University of Szczecin, Poland, took place in the Malkocin 56 Conference Center of the University of Szczecin (Poland) and on board the Polish M/V Nawigator XXI during 1527 July, 2010 Altogether 20 students participated of which students came from the University of Szczecin (Poland) and 14 students were active in the BONUS-projects: Baltic Gas, Inflow and Hyper comprising the „BONUS-institutions: Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Poland), P.P Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kaliningrad, Russia), and University of Bremen (Germany) During the three-day preparatory course the marine geology of the Baltic Sea was presented by an invited lecture (Jan Harff, IOW/US), and the relevant instruments and survey methods of acoustic surface and sub-surface imagery were introduced to both geophysicist and non-geophysicist participants Discussions about cruise planning strategies aimed to acquaint participants with considerations leading to flexibility and successful decisions in scientific cruise management The seagoing expedition on RV Nawigator XXI was carried out in the Polish waters of the Baltic Sea Seis-mic and side scan sonar data were collected in the Pomeranian Bay, eastern Bornholm Deep and offshore Wladyslawowo during the cruise During these days, participants gathered experience in equipment handling, data acquisition, processing of seismo-acoustic data, and using preliminary interpretations to aid cruise planning The expedition was followed by a two-day post-cruise evaluation workshop Results were evaluated, put in scientific context, and collected in a preliminary cruise report Cruise participants presented selected topics in short lectures, highlighting different aspects of new data from the perspective of regional geology Main scientific results include indications of shallow gas found south of Bornholm, and the mapping of a basement fault zone in the eastern study area The course convinced us that a mixture of theory and practice taught in groups produces fruitful discussions between young scientists and enthusiasm as well as knowledge about the selected topic Stakeholder events and other related activities 6.1 Stakeholder and scientific committees BALTIC GAS scientists 31 times during the program period served as members or observers in stakeholder and scientific committees and once in consultations carried out by the European Commission (see Statistics for the performance assessment of the Programme) 2009 - Stakeholder and scientific committees Conley, Daniel (Lund University) SCANBALT Forum, Kalmar, Sweden, September 2009 Ferdelman, Timothy (Max Planck Institute, Bremen) 13th Meeting of the IODP Science Steering and Evaluation Panel Melbourne, Australia, 16-18 November 2009 Jørgensen, Bo Barker (Center for Geomicrobiology, Aarhus University) Scientific Advisory Board, Alfred Wegener Institute for Marine and Polar Research, Bremerhaven, Germany, 2-day Meeting in Bremerhaven 2009 Jørgensen, Bo Barker (Center for Geomicrobiology, Aarhus University) Scientific Advisory Board, Faculty of Biology, University of Vienna, Austria, 2-day Meeting in Vienna 2009 57 Jørgensen, Bo Barker (Center for Geomicrobiology, Aarhus University) Scientific Planning Committee for IODP Drilling Proposal in Baltic Sea, 1-day Magellan Workshop on IODP Drilling Project 2009 Pimenov, Nikolay (Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Moskow) Steering committee for the International Workshop “Geological and bio(geo)chemical processes at cold seeps – Challenges in recent and ancient systems Varna, Bulgaria, 28-30 September 2009 Regnier, Pierre (Utrecht University) Foreign advisory committee member: MERMEX (Marine Ecosystems Response in the Mediterranean Experiment) project consortiumCNRS, CEREGE, Europole de l’Arbois, Aix en provence,France, 22-23 September 2009 Regnier, Pierre (Utrecht University) Invited scientific expert 1st scientific meeting on the chemical Evolution of Lake Kivu Royal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren, Belgium, 19 January 2009 Regnier, Pierre (Utrecht University) Steering committee member KAUST-GRP Center in DevelopmentSOWACOR (Saudi Arabia) Utrecht, The Netherlands, 18-19 May 2009 2010 - Stakeholder and scientific committees Conley, Daniel (Lund University) HELCOM Ministers meeting, Parliment, Stockholm, Sweden, 25 August 2010 Conley, Daniel (Lund University) IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, The Swedish Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Sweden (followed by a interview on Swedish Radio), September 2010 Jørgensen, Bo Barker (Center for Geomicrobiology, Aarhus University) EU Coordinated Action "Deep Sea and Sub-Seafloor Frontiers", Member of Steering Committee, Kick-off meeting, Brussels, day 2010 Jørgensen, Bo Barker (Center for Geomicrobiology, Aarhus University) Scientific Advisory Board, Alfred Wegener Institute for Marine and Polar Research, Bremerhaven, Germany, 2-day Meeting in Bremerhaven 2010 Jørgensen, Bo Barker (Center for Geomicrobiology, Aarhus University) Scientific Advisory Board, Faculty of Biology, University of Vienna, Austria, 2-day Meeting in Vienna 2010 Pimenov, Nikolay (Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Moskow) Scientific steering comities of 10th International Conference on Gas in Marine Sediments Limnological Institute SB RAS (Listvyanka Lake Baikal), 06-12 September, 2010 Regnier, Pierre (Utrecht University) Invited scientific Expert ICES meeting on ‘How Models help us to understand Climate Change Evolution and Impacts in the Regional Oceans (WKMCCEI)’ Brussels, Belgium, 12–14 January 2010 Regnier, Pierre (Utrecht University) Foreign advisory committee member: MERMEX (Marine Ecosystems Response in the Mediterranean Experiment) project consortium CNRS World Trade Center Marseille, France, 8-9 July 2010, Regnier, Pierre (Utrecht University) Advisory committee member: Advanced modeling and research on eutrophication (AMORE III), Belgian Science Policy Brussels, Belgium, October 2010 10 Regnier, Pierre (Utrecht University) Invited scientific expert High-level workshop on living in a lowcarbon society Atomium Culture, the permanent platform for European Excellence Brussels, Belgium, 18-19 November 2010 11 Rehder, Gregor (Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemünde) Member of the organizing scientific committee of The National Academy of Science/ Humbolt Foundation (German American Frontiers of Science/ Kavli Conference) October 2010 58 12 Sivkov, Vadim (Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Atlantic Branch, Kaliningrad) Scientific steering committee member of International symposium ”Mining and processing of the amber in Sambia”, Kaliningrad 12-14 May 2010 13 Sivkov, Vadim (Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Atlantic Branch, Kaliningrad) Scientific steering committee member of International Conference ”Multiphase systems: the World ocean, environment, human, society, technologies”, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, onboard R/V Academik Sergey Vavilov, 714 June 2010 2011 - Stakeholder and scientific committees Brüchert, Volker (Stockholm University) Swedish Nuclear Waste and Management Company (SKB) Origin of methane in groundwater discharge near sites of long-term nuclear waste disposal in Sweden 2011 Ferdelman, Timothy (Max Planck Institute, Bremen) served as a steering committee member on the EU FP7 Deep Sea and Sub-seafloor Frontier Coordinated Action He was also a member of the IODP Proposal Evaluation Panel 2011 Ferdelman, Timothy (Max Planck Institute, Bremen) also served on the PhD committee of BONUS doctoral student Zsusanna Toth, which met twice in 2011 Fossing, Henrik (Inst Bioscience, Aarhus University) BONUS Forum 2011, Gdansk, Poland, 24 October 2011 Fossing, Henrik (Inst Bioscience, Aarhus University) 13th Baltic Development Forum Summit and European Commision’s 2nd Annual Forum on the Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, Gdansk, Poland, 24-26 October 2011 Klusek, Zygmunt (Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Science, Gdansk) Scientific Committee, 8th EAA International Symposium on Hydroacoustics - XXVIII Symposium on Hydroacoustics, Jurata, Poland, 17-20 May 2011 Regnier, Pierre (Utrecht University) Committee member Section Earth and Life Sciences (ALW), Dutch Science Foundation (NWO) day meeting, 2011 Regnier, Pierre (Utrecht University / Université Libre de Bruxelles) Committee member Section Sciences Exactes et Naturelle Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (National Research Fund for Scientific Research – FNRS) Belgium day meeting 2011 Sivkov, Vadim (Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Atlantic Branch, Kaliningrad) Scientific steering committee member of International Conferense (School) on marine geology, Moscow, 14-18 November 2011 2011 - contribution to consultations carried out by the European Commission Regnier, Pierre (Utrecht University / Université Libre de Bruxelles) The Baltic Gas project Bonus + highlights to the European community Brussels, Belgium November 2011 6.1 Other related activities The Danish Crown Prince Frederik and his wife, Crown Princess Mary, visited The Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde (IOW) on September 28, 2010 The Danish Ambassador in Germany and representatives from Germany and Denmark at ministerial level participated in the visit On this special occasion a booklet on Danish-German research collaborations in marine sciences was published by the Royal Danish Em- 59 bassy, with preface written by Denmark's Minister for Science, Technology and Innovation The booklet specifically mentions collaboration within the BONUS project BALTIC GAS The Maria S Merian cruise MSM 16/1 (July 31 – August 21, 2010) was presented to the public through weekly reports, blogs and press releases and received significant public interest Also, a small group of visitors was welcomed on board the research vessel for a 12 hour cruise through the Kiel Canal (German: Nord-Ostsee-Kanal) by the end of the cruise Meetings and conferences Brüchert, V., D Bastviken, L Ginters Sediment-water and sea-air fluxes of methane along a salinity and eutrophication gradient in the coastal Baltic Sea Fall Meeting American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, December 5-9, 2011 Brüchert, V., L Ginters, D Bastviken, T M Nguyen, T G Ferdelman Methane dynamics in Himmerfjärden, Baltic Sea 8th Baltic Sea Science Congress, Skt Petersburg, Russia, August 22-26 2011 Brüchert, V., L Ginters, D Bastviken, T M Nguyen, T G Ferdelman Methane dynamics in Himmerfjärden, Baltic Sea Visions of the Sea Conference 2011 The Swedish Society for Marine Sciences Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, November 21-23 2011 Brüchert, V., T Nguyen, A Deutschmann, M.E Boettcher, T.G Ferdelman Bacterial sulfate reduction and methanogenesis in oligotrophic sediments of the northern Baltic European Geoscience Union, EGU 2010, Vienna, 2-7 May 2010 Conley, D.J Effect of hypoxia on nutrient biogeochemistry in the Baltic Sea 2011 ASLO Aquatic Sciences Meeting, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA, 13-18 February 2011 Conley, D.J Hypoxia in the Baltic Sea Nereis Park Conference, Kristineberg, Sweden, 29-31 August 2011 Conley, D.J Time series of oxygen concentrations in the Baltic Sea Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation Meeting, Daytona Beach, FL, USA, 6-10 November 2011 Endler, R., J Wunderlich, J Schneider von Deimling, S Erdmann Acoustic imaging of shallow gas in Baltic Sea sediments Int Conf HYDRO 2010, Warnemünde, 2-5 November 2010 Flury, S., H Fossing, H Røy, M Lever, B Gribsholt and B B Jørgensen Enhanced methane fluxes in gassy sediments - a paradox? 10th International Conference on Gas in Marine Sediments, Listvyanka, Lake Baikal, Russia, 6-12 September 2010 Flury, S., H Fossing, H Røy, J.B Jensen, A Dale, B.B Jørgensen Geochemical dynamics along a transect of gasfree and gas charged sediments – A detailed study in Aarhus Bay 8th Baltic Sea Science Congress, Skt Petersburg, Russia, 22-26 August 2011 Fossing, H., T.G Ferdelman, L Lapham, S Flury, B.B Jørgensen, J.B Jensen, R Endler, J Mogollon Methane concentrations along a transect crossing an area with free methane gas (Bornholm Basin, Baltic Sea) 8th Baltic Sea Science Congress, Skt Petersburg, Russia, 22-26 August 2011 Gentz, T., M Schlüter Underwater cryotrap - membrane inlet system (CT-MIS) for improved in situ analysis of gases by mass spectrometry 8th Harsh-Environment Mass Spectrometry Workshop, St Petersburg, USA, 19-22 September 2011 Gentz, T., M Schlüter, R Martinez Identification of the regional distribution of gassy sediments in the Baltic Sea by application of Geo-Information-Systems Bonus Annual Conference 2010, Vilnius, 19-21 January 2010 60 Gülzow, W., G Rehder, J Schneider v Deimling, T Seifert Seasonal and spatial distribution of methane in the surface water of the Baltic Sea 8th Baltic Sea Science Congress, Skt Petersburg, Russia, August 22-26 2011 Gülzow, W., G Rehder, B Schneider, J Schneider v Deimling, B Sadkowiak Continuous measurement of methane and carbon dioxide concentrations in surface waters based on off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy Fall Meeting American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, USA December 13-17 2010 Gülzow, W., G Rehder, B Schneider, J Schneider von Deimling, B Sadkowiak A new method for continuous measurement of methane and carbon dioxide in surface waters of the Baltic Sea using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS) Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol.12, EGU 2010-2913, EGU General Assembly, Vienna, May 2-7 2010 Jakobs, G., O Schmale, M Blumenberg, G Rehder Indications for microbially mediated methane oxidation in the water column of the central Baltic Sea (Gotland Deep and Landsort Deep) 8th Baltic Sea Science Congress, Skt Petersburg, Russia, August 22-26 2011 Jensen J.B 2010 Major tectonic control of near bottom current sedimentation and methane distribution in the Bornholm basin, South-Western Baltic Sea The 10th International Marine Geological Conference ”The Baltic Sea Geology - 10”, St.Petersburg, Russia, 24-28 August 2010 Jørgensen, B.B Havbundens metanproduktion – fra Østersøen til verdenshavet Dansk Havforskermøde, 28 January 2009 Jørgensen, B.B The dynamic methane cycle in marine sediments University of Cardiff, May 2009 Jørgensen, B.B., T.G Ferdelman, S Flury, H Fossing, L Holmkvist, L Lapham Controls on methane formation in Baltic Sea sediments 8th Baltic Sea Science Congress, Skt Petersburg, Russia, August 22-26 2011 Jørgensen, B.B., S Flury, H Fossing, L Holmkvist, J.B Jensen, R.J Parkes and the BALTIC GAS team 2010 BALTIC GAS: Dynamic methane fluxes in the seabed 10th International Conference on Gas in Marine Sediments, Listvyanka, Lake Baikal, Russia, 6-12 September 2010 Jørgensen, B.B., H Fossing and the BALTIC GAS team BALTIC GAS: The dynamic methane fluxes in the seabed Bonus Annual Conference 2010, Vilnius, 19-21 January 2010 Jørgensen, B.B A cryptic sulfur cycle driven by iron in the methane zone of marine sediment (Aarhus Bay, Denmark) EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, 5-7 April 2011 Klusek, Z., P Majewski Acoustics methods used in shallow gassy sediments: detection and classification in the Baltic Sea PEEZ 8th Baltic Sea Science Congress, Skt Petersburg, Russia, 22-26 August, 2011 Klusek, K., P Majewski Acoustics detection and classification of shallow gas in sediments in the Gulf of Gdansk 58th Open Seminar on Acoustics joint with 2nd Polish-German Structured Conference on Acoustics, Jurata, Poland, 13-16 September 2011 Lapham, L., S Flury, H Fossing, V Brüchert, T Ferdelman, N.M Thang, L Ginters, B.B Jørgensen Using stable carbon isotope ratios of CH4 and CO2 to follow the production and consumption of CH4 along the south to north salinity gradient in the Baltic Sea 8th Baltic Sea Science Congress, Skt Petersburg, Russia, 22-26 August 2011 Mogollón, J.M., A Dale, P Regnier Modeling the Holocene methane cycle in Arkona Basin sediments 10th International Conference on Gas in Marine Sediments, Listvyanka, Lake Baikal, Russia, 6-12 September 2010 Mogollón, J.M., A Dale, P Regnier Methane cycling in the Baltic Sea: Hindcast modeling at the 10 kyr timescale Workshop on uncertainties of scenario simulations, Norrköpping, Sweden, 14 October 2010 Mogollón, J.M., A.W Dale, P Regnier, M Schlüter Methane oxidation rates in gassy areas across the North Sea, Baltic Sea transition 8th Baltic Sea Science Congress, Skt Petersburg, Russia 22-26 August 2011 61 Pimenov, N.V., T.A Kanapatsky, P.A Sigalevich, A.G Grigoriev, V.A Zhamoida Microbial processes of carbon and sulfur cycling in the Holocene sediments of the Vyborg Bay (Finland Gulf, Baltic Sea) 8th Baltic Sea Science Congress, Skt Petersburg, Russia, 22-26 August 2010 Pimenov, N.V., T.A Kanapatsky, P.A Sigalevich, A.G Grigoriev, V.A Zhamoida Microbially mediated methane and sulfur cycling in gas-bearing sediments of the Vyborg Bay (Finland Gulf, Baltic Sea) 10th International Conference on Gas in Marine Sediments, Listvyanka, Lake Baikal, Russia, 6-12 September 2010 Regnier, P (invited) Marine methane flux and climate change: From biosphere to geosphere ICES workshop on models and regional climate change, Brussels, Belgium, January 2010 Regnier, P (invited) Modeling biosphere-geosphere interactions: CO2, CH4 and the global seafloor carbon cycle Introductory Lecture Belgian Geological Society Annual Meeting, Leuven, Belgium, February 2010 Regnier, P Continental and marine sources and sinks of methane in the context of climate change Theme leader working group Workshop ‘Exploring Knowledge gaps along the gobal carbon route’ Rochefort, Belgium, October 4-7 2011 Regnier, P., P Friedlingstein, F.J Ciais, F Mackenzie, M Thullner, P Van Cappellen Exploring Knowledge gaps along the global carbon route: A hitchhiker’s guide for a boundless cycle Plenary presentation/ Plenary lecture Royal Academy of Sciences Brussels, Belgium, October 2011 Rehder, G., H Fossing, L Lapham, R Endler, V Spiess, V Bruchert, T Nguyen, W Gülzow, J Schneider von Deimling, D Conley, B Jørgensen Methane fluxes and their controlling processes in the Baltic Sea Fall Meeting American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, USA December 13-17 2010 Rehder, G., L Lapham, H Fossing, W Gülzow, J Schneider von Deimling, R Endler, V Spiess, J.B Jensen, V Bruechert, T Ferdelmann, O Schmale, J Virtasalo, D Conley, T Neumann, T Leipe, S Flury, Z Toth, B.B Jørgensen, and the MSM 16/1shipboard scientific party Shallow gas occurrences, methane fluxes and their controlling processes in the Baltic 8th Baltic Sea Science Congress, Skt Petersburg, Russia, 22-26 August 2011 Schneider v Deimling, J Gas Mapping using Multibeam Mapping Sonar Int Conf HYDRO 2010, Warnemünde, 2-5 November 2010 Schneider v Deimling, J., W Weinrebe, D Bürk, Z.Thot, R Endler, H Fossing, V Spiess, G Rehder Subbottom mapping of shallow gas using medium to low frequency multibeam sounders Fall Meeting American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, USA December 13-17 2010 Sivkov, V., D Dorokhov, T Kanapatsky, N Pimenov Gas-Bearing Sediments of the South-eastern Baltic Sea: Acoustical and Gas-Geochemical Investigation 8th Baltic Sea Science Congress, Skt Petersburg, Russia, 2226 August 2011 Thang, N.M., V Brüchert, M Fomolo, G Wegener, M Reinholdsson, L Ginters, B.B Jørgensen, T.G Ferdelman Biogeochemistry of methane and sulfate in Himmerfjärden estuary sediment, Sweden EGU General Assembly, Vienna, 3-9 April 2011 Thang, N.M., M Formolo, S Flury, B.B Jørgensen, T.G Ferdelman Biogeochemistry of sulfur in Gdansk Bay sediments (Baltic Sea) EGU General Assembly, Vienna, 3-9 April 2011 Tóth, Z., N Allroggen, V Spiess Geoacoustic characterization of and estimation of the shallow gas content in Baltic Sea sediments 8th Baltic Sea Science Congress, St Petersburg, Russia, 22-26 August 2011 Tóth, Z., N Allroggen, V Spiess (2011) Geoacoustic properties of shallow gas accumulations in Baltic Sea sediments – which can be used for quantification? 2nd Young Scientist Excellence Cluster Conference on Marine and Climate Research, Bremen, Germany, 4-5 October 2011 62 Tóth, Z., J Schneider von Deimling ,V Spiess Distribution of shallow gas accumulations in the sediments of the Mecklenburg Bay, Baltic Sea; based on multi-frequency seismo-acoustic mapping Mátrafüred, Hungary, 2627 March 2010 Tóth, Z:, V Spiess Geoacoustic characterization of shallow gas accumulations in marine sediments Bremen PhD days in Marine Sciences 2011, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany, 13-14 April 2011 Tóth, Z., V Spiess Multi-frequency seismo-acoustic imaging of shallow free gas in the southwestern part of the Baltic Sea 10th International Conference on Gas in Marine Sediments, Listvyanka, Lake Baikal, Russia, 6-12 September 2010 Ulyanova M., D Dorokhov (in Russian) Gas-bearing sediments distribution in Gdansk Deep, the Baltic Sea In: Sea and ocean geology: Materials of XVIII International scientific Conference (School) on marine geology Vol II, p 102-104, 16-18 November 2009 Ulyanova M., T Kanapackiy (in Russian) Methane fluxes in sediments of the Gdansk Basin, the Baltic Sea In: Sea and ocean geology: Materials of XVIII International scientific Conference (School) on marine geology, p.116117, 16-18 November 2009 Ulyanova, M., T Kanapatsky, D Dorokhov, V Sivkov, N Pimenov (2011) Gas-Bearing Sediments of the Southeastern Baltic Sea: Acoustical and Gas-Geochemical Investigation In: Book of Abstracts of 8th Baltic Sea Science Congress, p 113 Ulyanova, M., V Sivkov, D Dorokhov (2010) Gas-bearing sediments distribution in the Baltic Sea based on acoustical data 10th International Conference on Gas in Marine Sediments, Listvyanka, Lake Baikal, Russia, 6-12 September 2010 Ulyanova, M., V Sivkov, D Dorokhov, T Kanapatsky, N Pimenov (2011) Gas-bearing sediments of the southeastern Baltic Sea: acoustical and gasgeochemical investigation, 8th Baltic Sea Science Congress, Skt Petersburg, Russia, 22-26 August, 2011 Peer reviewed scientific papers Gülzow, W., G Rehder, B Schneider, J Schneider v Deimling, B Sadkowiak (2011) A new method for continuous measurement of methane and carbon dioxide in surface waters using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS): An example from the Baltic Sea Limnology Oceanography Methods, 9, p 168-174 Majewski, P Z Klusek (2011) Expressions of shallow gas in the Gdansk Basin Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej, ISSN 0860-889X, vol 51, No Mogollón, J.M., A.W Dale, I L’Heureux, P Regnier (2011) Impact of seasonal temperature and pressure changes on methane gas production, dissolution, and transport in unfractured sediments marine sediments Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, G03031, 17 pp Mogollón, J.M., A.W Dale, H Fossing, P Regnier (2011) Timescales for the development of methanogenesis and free gas layers in recently-deposited sediments of Arkona Basin (Baltic Sea) Biogeosciences Discussions, 8, p 7623-7699 Pimenov N.V., M.O Ulyanova, T.A Kanapatsky, E.F Veslopolova, P.A Sigalevich, V.V Sivkov (2010) Microbially mediated methane and sulfur cycling in pockmark sediments of the Gdansk Basin, Baltic Sea Geo-Marine Letters, 30, p 439-448 Regnier, P., S Arndt, A.W Dale, D.E LaRowe, J Mogollon, P Van Cappellen, P (2011) Advances in the biogeochemical modeling of the marine methane cycle Earth Science Reviews 106, p 105-130 63 Schmale, O, J Schneider v Deimling., W Gülzow, G Nausch, J Waniek, G Rehder (2010) The distribution of methane in the water column of the Baltic Sea Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L12604, Schneider von Deimling, J., C Papenberg (2011) Technical Note: Detection of gas bubble leakage via correlation of water column multibeam images, Ocean Science Discussions, 8, p 1757-1775 Schneider von Deimling, J., G Rehder, D.F McGinnnis, J Greinert, P Linke (2011) Quantification of seep-related methane gas emissions at Tommeliten, North Sea Continental Shelf Research, 31, p 867-878 Steckbauer, A., C.M Duarte, J Carstensen, R Vaquer-Sunyer, D.J Conley (2011) Ecosystem impacts of hypoxia: thresholds of hypoxia and pathways to recovery Environmental Research Letters, 6, 025003, 12pp Submitted scientific papers Dale, A.W., S Flury, P Regnier, H Røy, H Fossing, B.B Jørgensen (submitted) Coupling between methanogenesis, anaerobic oxidation of methane and δ13C distributions in gassy sediments from the Baltic Sea (Aarhus Bay) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Flury, S., A.W Dale, H Røy, H Fossing, J.B Jensen, B.B Jørgensen (submitted) Methane fluxes and shallow gas formation controlled by Holocene mud thickness in Baltic Sea sediments Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Gentz, T., M Schlüter (submitted) Underwater cryotrap - membrane inlet system (CT-MIS) for improved in situ analysis of gases Limnology Oceanography Methods Gülzow, W., G Rehder, B Schneider, J Schneider v Deimling, B Sadkowiak (submitted) A new method for continuous measurement of methane and carbon dioxide in surface waters of the Baltic Sea using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS) Limnology Oceanography Methods Pimenov, N.V., T A Kanapatskii, P.A Sigalevich, I.I Rusanov, E.F Veslopolova, A.G Grigorev, V.A Zhamoida (in pres; 2012) Sulfate Reduction, Methanogenesis, and Methane Oxidation in the Holocene Sediments of the Vyborg Bay, Baltic Sea Microbiolog, 81 10 Statistics for the performance assessment of the Programme BALTIC GAS principal scientists used the BONUS EPSS - Electronic Proposal Submission System to report Statistics and research infrastructures: Statistics for the performance assessment of the Programme Number of times your project has contributed to consultations carried out by European Commission (Provide more information in annual and final reports) Number of times the scientists working in your Project have served as members or observers in stakeholder and scientific committees (Provide more information in annual and final reports) Number of times the effort of your Project has resulted in modifications made to relevant policy documents and action plans (in particular, Baltic Sea Action Plan) (Provide more information in annual and final reports) Number of times the effort of your Project has resulted in modifications made to relevant policy documents and action plans (in particular, Baltic Sea Action Plan) (Provide more information in annual and final reports) Number of persons (above) and working days (below) spent by foreign scientists on research vessels participating in the cruises arranged by your Project 64 31 0 51 301 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Number of persons (above) and working days (below) spent by foreign scientists using other major facilities involved in your Project Number of popular science papers produced by your Project Number of interviews to media given by members of your Project's consortium Number of multi-media products and TV episodes produced by your Project with dissemination purpose Number of other dissemination products produced by your Project Number of times your Project team has issued a recommendation how to improve general public's comprehension and priorities regarding the Baltic Sea Number of times your project has contributed to dissemination products/events addressed to general public concerning coupling between marine environmental quality and human health and well-being Number of datasets your project has delivered to the common metadata base of the Programme Number of scientists that attended international workshops, WG meetings, conferences, intercalibration exercises etc paid by BONUS+ Number of PhD courses (above) organized by your Project and persons participating (below) 14 36 29 10 87 135 Number of modifications made to current PhD course programmes that resulted from the work of your Project Number of student visits (persons above, visit days below) from your Project to other BONUS projects 49 80 Significant research infrastructures jointly used by the Project consortium Description: Purpose: Askö Marine Research Station (Stockholm University) incl RV Limada Himmerfjärden: Sediment and water column + laboratory experiments 12-18.6, 0915.8, 06-12.9, 2010 Amount of use: days cruise days / 12 laboratory days In-kind contribution: 3,300 EUR Description: Purpose: Askö Marine Research Station (Stockholm University) incl RV Limanda Himmerfjärden: Sediment and water column incl laboratory experiments 12-17.5, 2009 Amount of use: days cruise days / laboratory days In-kind contribution: 1,100 EUR Description: RV Alkor Atlas fansweep multibeam EK60 echosounder multichannel streamer boomer GI gun magnetometer heat flow probe data acquisition equipment Purpose: Mecklenburg and Arkona Bays: mapping and quantification of gas in sediment and water column Amount of use: days In-kind contribution: 100,000 EUR Description: Purpose: RV Alkor Atlas fansweep multibeam EK60 echosounder multichannel streamer boomer GI gun magnetometer heat flow probe data acquisition equipment Mecklenburg and Arkona Bays: mapping and quantification of gas in sediment and water column 65 Amount of use: 10 days In-kind contribution: 140,000 EUR Description: Purpose: RV Ladoga Finland Gulf (Vyborg Bay): Crater-like structures and gas-saturated sediments 30.0603.07.2009 Amount of use: days, scientists In-kind contribution: 5,500 EUR Description: Purpose: Amount of use: RV Maria S Merian Cruise 16/1 Western Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia: CH4 distribution in sediments and water column 31.7-21.8, 2010 24 days, 23 scientists In-kind contribution: 528,000 EUR Description: Purpose: RV Nawigator XXI geophysical data acquisition systems shallow water multichannel streamer GI gun side scan sonar Western Baltic: Mapping and quantification of gas in sediment and water column 1527.7, 2010 Amount of use: days In-kind contribution: 35,000 EUR Description: RV Oceania Chirp echo sounder 'nonlinear acoustic' echo sounder Purpose: Gulf of Gdansk: gas-saturated sediments 08-13.4, 2010 Amount of use: days, scientist, In-kind contribution: 18,000 EUR Description: Purpose: RV Oceania Chirp echo sounder 'nonlinear acoustic' echo sounder Southern Baltic: gas-saturated sediments and gaseous structures (e.g pockmarks) 1730.4 2010 Amount of use: days allocated for BALTIC GAS scientists In-kind contribution: 6,000 EUR 10 Description: Purpose: RV Poseidon (cruise 392) Baltic Sea: shallow gas and methane distribution in sediments and water column 27.11.-17.12, 2009 Amount of use: 19 days, 11 scientists In-kind contribution: 180,000 EUR 11 Description: Purpose: Amount of use: RV Professor Shtockmann Russian Sector of Gdansk Basin and Gotland Deep: Gas-saturated deposits 2027.06.2010 days, 25 scientists 66 In-kind contribution: 30,000 EUR 12 Description: Purpose: Amount of use: RV Safira Chirp echo sounder 'nonlinear acoustic' echo sounder Gulf of Gdansk: Gas-saturated sediments 16-19.10, 2010 day allocated for BALTIC GAS scientist In-kind contribution: 500 EUR 13 Description: RV Shelf Purpose: Russian sector of Gdansk Basin: Pockmarks and gas-bearing sediments 04-10.09, 2009 Amount of use: days, scientists In-kind contribution: 10,000 EUR 14 Description: RV Susanne A Purpose: Sediment sampling Aarhus Bay 04.5, 2010 Amount of use: day, scientists In-kind contribution: 10,000 EUR 15 Description: Purpose: RV Susanne A Sediment sampling Aarhus Bay 5.10, 2009 Amount of use: day, scientists In-kind contribution: 10,000 EUR 67