What Is Psychology? Foundations, Applications, and Integration Ellen Pastorino | Valencia College Susann Doyle-Portillo | University of North Georgia Australia Brazil Japan Korea Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it This is an electronic version of the print textbook Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the eBook version Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it What Is Psychology? Foundations, Applications, and Integration Ellen Pastorino and Susann Doyle-Portillo Product Director: Jon-David Hague Senior Product Manager: Clay Austin Content Developers: Michelle Newhart and Mary Noel Product Assistant: Kimiya Hojjat Managing Media Developer: Mary Noel Marketing Director: Jennifer Levanduski Senior Content Project Manager: Christy Frame Senior Art Director: Vernon Boes Senior Manufacturing Planner: Karen Hunt Production and Composition: Jill Traut, MPS Limited Photo Researcher: Priya Subrayal, Lumina Datamatics Text Researcher: Kavitha Balasundaram, Lumina Datamatics Copy Editor: Laura Larson Text Designer: Marsha Cohen Cover Designer: Jeff Bane Cover Image: Sergey Chernov/iStock/Thinkstock © 2016 Cengage Learning Unless otherwise noted all items are â Cengage Learningđ WCN: 02-200-203 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to permissionrequest@cengage.com Library of Congress Control Number: 2014942023 ISBN: 978-1-305-08874-0 Proudly sourced and uploaded by [StormRG] Kickass Torrents | TPB | ET | h33t Cengage Learning 20 Channel Center Street Boston, MA 02210 USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan Locate your local office at www.cengage.com/global Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd To learn more about Cengage Learning Solutions, visit www.cengage.com Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.cengagebrain.com Printed in Canada Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2014 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it To my students You have motivated me to be a better teacher, but more importantly a better person Thank you —EllEn Pastorino For E Portillo, John Busby, Larry Toothaker, and E J Doyle— knowledge comes from many places You are my greatest teachers —susann DoylE-Portillo Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it About the Authors Ellen E Pastorino (Ph.D., Florida State University, 1990) is a developmental psychologist who established her teaching career at Gainesville State College in Georgia As a tenured professor, she created and developed the college’s Teaching and Learning Center, working with faculty to promote student learning For the past 16 years, she has been teaching at Valencia College in Orlando, Florida Here, too, she has worked with faculty in designing learning-centered classroom practices Ellen has won numerous teaching awards, including the University of Georgia Board of Regents Distinguished Professor, the NISOD Excellence in Teaching Award, and Valencia’s Teaching and Learning Excellence Award Ellen has published articles in the Journal of Adolescent Research and Adolescence and actively participates in many regional and national teaching conferences However, her main passion has always been to get students excited about the field of psychology Ellen is a member of the Association for Psychological Science (APS) and currently serves as the Discipline Coordinator of Psychological Sciences at Valencia’s Osceola campus Ellen has authored test banks, instructor manuals, and student study guides While working as a consultant for IBM Corporation, she developed numerous educational materials for teachers and students Her current interests include assessment, inclusion, service learning, and reaching underprepared students Ellen strives to balance her professional responsibilities with her love of physical fitness and family life Susann M Doyle-Portillo is a professor of psychological science at the University of North Georgia Prior to the University of North Georgia, she taught at Gainesville State College for close to 19 years Susann earned her Ph.D in social cognition in 1994 from the University of Oklahoma Prior to her doctoral program, Susann earned bachelor’s degrees in engineering and psychology This exposure to both the hard sciences and the social sciences helped to ground her firmly in the experimental tradition of psychology She has published articles in Social Cognition and Contemporary Social Psychology, but the main focus of her career has been and will always be teaching During her career, Susann has earned a reputation as an excellent but challenging instructor In 2010, she was awarded the Gainesville State College Best Practices Award for her teaching, and in 2011 she was a recipient of a Gainesville State College Foundation Innovative Teaching Grant Award In addition, she has three times been listed in Who’s Who Among America’s Teachers Susann is also actively engaged in student learning outside the classroom One of her major goals is to help students learn by getting them involved in conducting original research Susann and her research team are currently investigating the connection between individual difference variables and online behavior, factors affecting eyewitness testimony, and griefing among gamers Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Brief Contents Part The Science of Psychology | Foundations in Biological Psychology Neuroscience | Sensation and Perception | Consciousness Motivation and Emotion | Part 2 40 44 | 84 128 172 Foundations in Cognitive Psychology 220 Learning | 224 Memory | 268 Cognition, Language, and Intelligence | Part Foundations in Developmental and Social Psychology Human Development 10 Social Psychology 11 Personality | Part 306 | | 350 354 410 462 Foundations in Physical and Mental Health 12 Health, Stress, and Coping | 13 Mental Health Disorders | 544 14 Mental Health Therapies | 502 590 A Statistics in Psychology B Applying Psychology in the Workplace | | 498 633 649 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Contents 1-1 The Science of Psychology What Is Psychology? Correcting Common Misconceptions About the Field of Psychology Psychology Will Teach You About Critical Thinking 1-2 The Science of Psychology: Goals, Hypotheses, and Methods Psychologists Are Scientists: The Scientific Method Psychologists Ask Questions: Hypotheses 10 Psychologists Strategize: Sampling and Research Methods 1-3 Ethical Principles of Psychological Research Ethical Guidelines for Participants 20 20 Ethical Guidelines for Animal Research 1-4 10 22 Psychology in the Modern World: Foundations and Growth Psychology’s Roots and Modern Perspectives 23 23 Specialty Areas in Psychology 29 Gender, Ethnicity, and the Field of Psychology 30 PSyCHoloGy APPlIES To youR WoRld: Training to Be a Psychologist 32 1-5 Integrating Psychology: The Big Picture Studying the Chapter 34 35 Are You Getting the Big Picture? 38 Part Foundations in Biological Psychology 40 Neuroscience 44 2-1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain 46 The Anatomy of the Neuron 47 Signals in the Brain: How Neurons Fire Up 49 Jumping the Synapse: Synaptic Transmission Cleaning Up the Synapse: Reuptake 51 52 vi Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Contents 2-2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain Acetylcholine: Memory and Memory Loss 53 54 Dopamine, Serotonin, and Norepinephrine: Deepening Our Understanding of Mental Illness 54 GABA and Glutamate: Regulating Brain Activity Endorphins: Pain and Pleasure in the Brain 2-3 55 56 The Structure of the Nervous System Sensing and Reacting: The Peripheral Nervous System Voluntary Action: The Somatic Nervous System 58 59 Involuntary Actions: The Autonomic Nervous System 2-4 57 59 The Brain and Spine: The Central Nervous System The Hindbrain The Midbrain 61 62 63 The Forebrain 63 The Cortex 67 The Specialization of Function in the Lobes of the Cortex 71 PSyCHoloGy APPlIES To youR WoRld: Technologies for Studying the Brain 74 2-5 The Endocrine System: Hormones and Behavior 76 2-6 Integrating Psychology: The Big Picture 78 Studying the Chapter 79 Are You Getting the Big Picture? 82 Sensation and Perception 84 3-1 Measuring Sensation and Perception: Psychophysics 86 The Limits of Sensation: Absolute Thresholds 86 The Just Noticeable Difference and Weber’s Law 86 Processing Without Awareness: Subliminal Stimulation of the Senses 87 Extrasensory Perception: Can Perception Occur Without Our Five Senses? 3-2 Vision: Seeing the World 87 88 How Vision Works: Light Waves and Energy 88 The Anatomy of the Outer Eye 90 The Retina: Light Energy to Neural Messages Adapting to Light and Darkness How We See Color 91 93 94 The Visual Pathways of the Brain 96 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it vii viii Contents 3-3 Hearing: listening to the World Environmental Noise and Hearing Loss The Anatomy and Function of the Ear The Auditory Pathways of the Brain 3-4 98 99 99 100 The other Senses: Taste, Smell, Touch, and the Body Senses Taste: Information from the Tongue 103 103 PSyCHoloGy APPlIES To youR WoRld: Why Don’t We All Like the Same Foods? 104 Smell: Aromas, Odors, and a Warning System Touch: The Skin Sense 106 108 The Body Senses: Experiencing the Physical Body in Space 3-5 Perception: The Interpretation of Sensory Information Using What We Know: Top-Down Perceptual Processing 111 Understanding What We Sense: Perceiving Size, Shape, and Brightness 112 Perceiving Form: The Gestalt Approach 110 110 Building a Perception “from Scratch”: Bottom-Up Perceptual Processing Depth Perception: Sensing Our 3-D World with 2-D Eyes 112 115 Perceiving Form: Feature Detection Theory 3-6 109 116 The Accuracy of Perception 118 Errors Due to Top-Down Processing: Seeing What We Expect to See 118 Errors Due to Perceptual Constancy: Tricks of the Brain Cultural Factors in Perception 3-7 118 120 Integrating Psychology: The Big Picture Studying the Chapter 121 123 Are You Getting the Big Picture? 126 Consciousness 128 4-1 Sleep, dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm 130 Functions of Sleep: Why Do We Sleep, and What If We Don’t? Variations in How Much Sleep We Need 131 Circadian Rhythm and Its Application to Our Lives Stages of Sleep: What Research Tells Us 130 134 136 Dreaming: The Night’s Work 139 Sleep Disorders: Tossing and Turning—and More Gender, Ethnic, and Cultural Variations in Sleep 140 143 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 742 Name Index Brown, B B., 396 Brown, B M., 245 Brown, J A., 275 Brown, J D., 421 Brown, R., 295 Brown, R T., 332 Brown, S L., 397, 522 Brown, T A., 552 Browne, A., 574 Brownell, K., 188 Browning, J R., 430 Brozovich, F., 561 Brueckner, L., 367 Bruffaerts, R., 569 Brugman, T., 522 Bryant, P E., 367 Bryant, S G., 622 Bryman, A S., 659 Brzezinski, A., 134 Buckingham-Howes, S., 160 Buckley, K W., 26 Bucur, B., 391 Budhani, S., 342 Buehler, R., 525 Buehner, R., 282 Bueno-Nava, A., 55 Bulanda, J R., 397 Bullock, B., 571 Bullock, W A., 477 Bumpass, L L., 396 Burdakov, D., 182, 183 Burgard, S A., 143 Burge, S W., 381 Burger, J M., 442, 444, 445, 446–447, 487 Burke, T M., 134 Burmeister, M., 479 Burnley, M C E., 146 Burt, C D B., 285 Burton, M., 401 Bush, S I., 270 Bushman, B J., 445, 449, 523 Buss, D M., 24, 479 Bussey, K., 380, 381 Butler, L D., 564 Butow, P N., 527 Butt, M., 142 Butts, K., 571 Butts, S F., 384 Byrd-Craven, J., 574 Byrne, D., 430 Byrne, M., 578–579 Cacioppo, J T., 388, 415, 416, 436, 522, 523 Caffrey, J., 181 Cahill, S., 561 Cain, A S., 191 Cain, W S., 106 Calabrese, J R., 623 Calamari, J E., 557 Caldera, Y M., 378 Calderoni, M E., 558 Caldwell, J A., 136 Calear, A L., 617 Calvert, H., 532 Calvillo, D P., 317 Calvin, J E., III, 189 Calvin, J E., Jr., 189 Campbell, D T., 18, 426, 430 Campbell, K L., 293 Campbell, R., 574 Campbell, S S., 132 Campione-Barr, N., 396 Campos, B., 11 Campos-Rodriguez, F., 142 Canino, G J., 151, 156 Cannon, D S., 605 Cannon, T D., 579 Cannon, W B., 206 Canova, A., 182 Cantania, A C., 250 Cantor, N., 396 Canuso, C M., 576 Cardena, E., 146 Cardno, A G., 578 Cardozo, B L., 558 Carducci, B J., 480 Carey, B., 288 Carey, G., 478 Carlbring, P., 617 Carlisle, N B., 275 Carlson, P J., 571 Carlson, W., 574 Carlston, D E., 415, 421 Carney, C E., 132 Carosella, G M., 146 Carpenter, J C., 88 Carrington, P., 524 Carroll, K M., 617 Carskadon, M A., 135 Carter, K L., 378 Carter, R C., 358 Carter, R S., 381 Cartwright, R D., 139 Caruso, D., 336 Carver, C S., 454, 517, 524, 528, 570 Casey, B J., 386, 390 Caspi, A., 479 Casswell, S., 157 Castel, A D., 279 Castelnuovo, G., 617 Castillo-Vales, V., 328 Castro, R J., 161 Cates, W., Jr., 533 Cattell, N R., 322 Cattell, Raymond, 473 Caudle, K., 390 Cavanagh, K., 617 Ceci, S J., 294 Censor, N., 299 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 140, 159, 288, 530, 532, 533, 558 Cermak, L S., 288 Cernoch, J., 365 Chaiken, S., 416 Chakos, M H., 620 Chambers, D., 309 Chambers, L C., 104 Chambless, D L., 614, 615 Chamorro-Premuzic, T., 343 Champagne, F A., 356 Chan, W., 143 Chand, P K., 562 Chandler, C., 161 Chandra, A., 398 Chandrashekar, J., 104 Chandrashekara, S., 517 Chang, I J., 253 Chaput, J P., 183 Charles, S T., 508–509 Charney, D S., 558 Chatterjee, A., 69 Chavajay, P., 390 Chaynes, K., 552 Cheah, C S., 378 Chen, E., 510, 517 Chen, J., 624 Chen, W W., 519 Chen, Y L., 142 Cherry, K E., 283 Chess, S., 375, 378 Chessick, C A., 619 Cheung, F M., 422 Cheung, T C., 54 Chiang, A A., 142 Chiapetta, L., 569, 583 Chida, Y., 536 Childress, J E., 66 Childs, L A., 229 Chiou, W B., 391 Chipuer, H M., 340 Chiu, C., 527 Chiu, W T., 555, 557, 565, 567, 570 Cho, J R., 141 Choi, I., 420 Choi, J S., 560 Chollar, S., 138 Chomsky, N., 322 Chopp, M., 361 Chory-Assad, R M., 422, 450 Chou, R., 516 Chou, S P., 156 Choy, Y., 603 Chrisman, S P., 288 Christian, M S., 438 Christie, W., 524 Chung, R H., 378 Church, R M., 234 Cialdini, R B., 426, 441, 442 Ciao, A., 190 Cin, S D., 530 Cinnirella, M., 436 Cipriani, A., 620, 623 Citirik, M., 95 Clark, D A., 561 Clark, G E., 398 Clark, J K., 416, 417 Clark, Kenneth, 31 Clark, L A., 552 Clark, M S., 397, 432 Clark, Mamie Phipps, 31 Clark, P A., 384 Clark, R E., 651 Clarke, A C., 430 Clarke, T K., 155 Clay, S L., Clum, G A., 617 CNN, 202 Cobb, H C., 616 Coccaro, E F., 448 Cochran, S V., 575 Cocude, M., 308 Coffer, C N., 487 Coffey, V G., 189 Cogswell, C., 192 Cohen, C., 532 Cohen, C I., 577 Cohen, J L., 518 Cohen, L G., 299 Cohen, M X., 477 Cohen, N J., 287 Cohen, P., 395 Cohen, R., 580 Cohen, S., 510, 515, 517, 522 Cohen, S G., 659 Colado, M I., 161 Colbert-White, E N., 327 Colcombe, S., 392 Coleman, S R., 234 Colley, A., 285 Collier, G., 248 Collins, A., 535 Collins, A M., 310 Collins, M W., 288 Collins, P F., 477 Collins, W A., 377, 396 Coltrane, S., 398 Combs, D R., 576 Compas, B E., 517 Compton, W M., 561 Conklin, H M., 579 Connelly, W M., 66 Conrad, M A., 656 Conway, B R., 95, 96, 117, 285 Conway, M., 285 Conway, M A., 131 Cook, C A., 383 Cook, G., 360 Cook, J L., 360 Cook, T D., 18 Cooke, R., 414 Cools, J., 189 Coons, P M., 563 Cooper, S L., 97 Cooper, Z D., 163 Copeland, W E., 554 Copen, C E., 396 Coppola, M., 323 Coren, S., 109, 119 Corey, G., 604 Corkin, S., 287 Corpus, J H., 178 Corra, M., 397 Corrada, M M., 343 Correll, C U., 620 Corrigan, P., 523 Cortesi, F., 132 Cortina, M., 598 Corwyn, R F., 378 Cosmides, L., 321 Costa, P T., 477–478, 479, 480 Costa-Pinto, F A., 518 Costello, E J., 547 Cote, K A., 131, 141 Coupe, P., 309 Cousins, D A., 571 Coussons-Read, M., 359 Coutinho-Budd, J., 46 Covington, M A., 327 Cowan, C P., 399 Cowan, P A., 399 Cox, W M., 178 Crabbe, J C., 154 Craik, Fergus, 276, 277 Crandall, C S., 189, 435, 506, 507 Crane, M., 380 Cranny, C J., 662 Crano, W D., 441 Crapo, R H., 139 Craske, M G., 561 Crawford, F C., 479 Creamer, M., 558 Crews, F., 471 Crichlow, S., 439 Crick, F., 138 Crits-Christoph, P., 614 Crockett, M J., 448 Crockford, D., 163 Crombag, H S., 151 Crone, E A., 386 Crosby, R., 532 Cross, E S., 117 Cross, P A., 146 Crosscope-Happel, C L., 192 Crosswell, A D., 517 Crowell, A., 390 Crowley, A E., 416 Crowley, S J., 135 Croxford, J L., 163 Croy, I., 108 Crum, N., 533 Crystal, D S., 436 Csernansky, J G., 580 Csikszentmihalyi, M., 28 Cui, M., 399 Cukor, J., 558 Cunha, C., 278 Cunitz, A R., 279 Curhan, J R., 209 Curry, K., 159 Cutrona, C E., 573 Dabbs, J M., Jr., 448 Dalal, R S., 664 Dalege, J., 425 Dalen, K., 358 Dalman, C., 578–579 Damak, S., 103 Damasio, A R., 64 Damasio, H., 71 Damjanovic, A K., 517 Damm, J., 625 Damon, W., 373 Dang-Vu, T T., 137 Danhauer, J L., 99 Danielsdottir, S., 190 D’Anna, L H., 509 Danner, F., 532 Dannlowski, U., 571 Darley, John, 452–453, 454 Darowish, M., 531 Darwin, Charles, 174, 338 Dasen, P R., 370 Dasgupta, A M., 146 Dauenheimer, D., 423 D’Augelli, A R., 203 Davey, M A., 454 David, A S., 562 David, D., 608, 610 Davidson, J R T., 508 Davidson, R J., 212 Davidson-Katz, K., 524 Davies, H., 193 Davies, I R L., 328 Davis, D., 294 Davis, D D., 422 Davis, K C., 154 Davis, M., 227 Davis, O S., 356 Davis, Penelope, 285 Davis-Coehlo, B., 190 Davis-Coelho, Kristen, 190 Day, R., 658 Day, R H., 24 Dayan, E., 299 De, S., 142 Deacon, S H., 322 Deak, G O., 369 Deak, T., 572 Deakin, J F., 579 DeAngelis, T., 190 Deary, I J., 526 Deaux, K., 431 De Benedittis, G., 516 De Beni, R., 205 Debner, J A., 293 DeBoeck, P., 313 DeBoer, D D., 398 DeBuse, C J., 522 de Carvalho, M R., 604 DeCasper, A J., 364 de Castro, J M., 132, 181 Deci, E L., 177, 487 de Fonseca, F., 163 Degner, J., 425 Degroot, A B., 56 DeLacoste-Utamsing, C., 69 Delanty, N., 130, 131, 535 De Leersnyder, J., 212 Delgado, M R., 386 De Lisi, R., 380 Dellande, S., 440 DeLoache, J., 367 Demany, L., 272 De May, J., 452 Dement, W., 137, 138 Dement, W C., 132 Demers, L B., 260 Demeter, G., 131 Denis, M., 308 DePalma, M., 454 Department of Housing and Urban Development, 421–422 de Poll, N V., 448 Depue, R A., 477 De Raedt, R., 572 Derringer, J., 474 Derubeis, R J., 616 de Schonen, S., 364 Desjardins, S., 140 Desrochers, S., 227 Desseilles, M., 138 de Tommaso, M., 228 Deutsch, F M., 399 Deutsch, J A., 181 DeValois, K K., 96 DeValois, R L., 96 Devinsky, O., 64 Devlin, M., 193 DeVore, C J., 664 DeWall, C N., 523 Dewaraja, R., 508 DeYoung, C G., 480 Dhanda, R., 527 Dhont, K., 425 Diamond, A., 365 Díaz-Mataix, L., 234 Dichter, G S., 615 Dick, D M., 156 Dickens, W T., 340 Dickson, N., 201 Diefenbach, K S., 63 Diekelmann, S., 138 Diener, C., 528 Diener, E., 480, 487, 522, 536 Dies, R R., 611 Difede, J., 604 DiGiuseppe, R., 574 Digman, J M., 481 DiLalla, D L., 478 Dillworth, T M., 610 Di lorio, C R., 161 Dimidjian, S., 616 Dimitrov, B., 299 Dindia, K., 382 Dindo, L., 583 Dinges, D F., 131 Dingfelder, S F., 114 Dion, K K., 432 DiPatrizio, N V., 188 Dishion, T J., 583 Dixon, J F., 622 Dixon, M R., 249 Do, D P., 144 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Name Index Do, J., 55 Dobbs, D., 571 Dodge, G., 660 Dodge, K L., 518 Dodson, John, 176, 423 Dohrenwend, B P., 558 Dolan, S L., 614 Dolbier, C L., 528 Dollard, J., 451 Domjan, M., 22 Donaldson, G., 334 Donnellan, M B., 399 Donovan, D M., 613 Doraiswamy, P M., 524 Doty, R L., 107 Douglas, J M., 97 Douthitt, E A., 438 Dovidio, John, 423 Dovis, S., 281 Dowling, J E., 92 Downar, J., 624 Doyère, V., 234 Dozois, D J., 615 Draganova, R., 365 Draguns, J G., 616 Draine, S C., 471 Drath, W H., 659 Drea, C M., 381 Drevets, W C., 571 Driessen, E., 598 Driscoll, K A., 574 Driver, H S., 137 Druckman, D., 145, 147 Drummond, P., 616 D’Souza, D C., 163 Duan, X., 212 Duchaine, B., 73 Ducharme, M B., 477 Duckitt, J., 424 Duckworth, T S., 111 Duffy, A., 326 Duke, A A., 448 Duncan, L E., 394 Dunkel Schetter, C., 509 Dunn, E., 574 Dunn, E W., 536 Dunne, M., 204 Durand, V M., 622 Duric, V., 570 Durmer, J S., 131 Durso, G O., 87 Durso, L E., 509 Durston, S., 386 Dust, M C., 519 Dweck, C., 483 Dweck, C S., 527 Dye, L., 535 Dziurowicz-Kozlowska, A H., 186 Eagly, A H., 356, 416 Eaton, A H., 448 Eaton, N., 583 Ebbinghaus, H., 23, 276, 292 Ebmeier, K P., 570 Ebstein, R P., 479 Eby, L T., 658 Echeburúa, E., 193 Edelman, B., 186 Edenberg, H J., 156 Edmonds, G W., 479 Edmondson, D., 561 Edwards, A C., 401 Edwards, J N., 400 Egan, S J., 193 Egger, H., 547 Egger, M D., 227 Egner, T., 117, 146 Ehde, D M., 610 Ehrenreich, H., 605 Eich, J E., 293 Einarsson, C., 382 Eisen, S V., 420 Eisenberger, N I., 522 Eiser, A S., 139 Ekman, P., 207, 211, 212 El-Alayli, A., 423 Elen, M., 414 Elfenbein, H A., 212 Elifson, K W., 161 El Khoury, D., 181 Elkind, D., 389, 390 Ellason, J W., 563 Ellenbogen, J M., 131 Elliott, C E., 435 Ellis, A., 487, 607, 608 Ellis, A P., 438 El-Matary, A., 196 Elmore, D K., 181 Elshout, J., 316 Emery, C F., 392 End, Christian, 275 Endrighi, R., 524 Engels, R C., 396 Engstrom, R., 334 Enns, J T., 109 Epel, E., 508 Epley, N., 87 Epping-Jordan, M P., 159 Epstein, A N., 183 Epstein, Robert, 316–317 Epstein, S., 481 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 654, 657 Erblich, J., 530 Erez, A., 664 Ergaz, Z., 358 Erikson, Erik, 378, 393 Erlacher, D., 139 Eroglu, C., 46, 48 Errington, A C., 66 Ervin, F R., 237 Erwin, E., 471 Escobar, J I., 576 Escobar, M., 604 ESEMed/MHEDEA, 556 Espy, K A., 359 Essed, N H., 104 Esses, V M., 426 Etkin, A., 560 Ettlinger, M., 328 Evans, A T., 416, 417 Evans, D E., 478 Evans, P J., 531 Eyberg, S M., 378 Eynon, R., 21 Eysenck, H J., 317, 473, 476 Eysenck, S B G., 476 Fabrigar, L R., 417 Fadiman, James, 178 Fagundes, C P., 510, 516, 522 Fairchild, G., 583 Falkenburg, K., 664 Falkum, E., 552 Fan, J., 146 Fan, W., 11 Fan, Y., 524 Farley, F., 390 Fatemi, S H., 580 Fattore, L., 164 Faust, M., 69 Fazio, N M., 528 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 203, 421–422, 447, 448 Federmeier, K D., 364 Feeley, T., 441 Feeney, E., 105 Fein, S., 447 Feinberg, M E., 583 Feinberg, S D., 149 Feingold, A., 432 Feinstein, J S., 64 Feist, J., 502 Felder, J N., 615 Feldman, H., 399 Feldman, N H., 323 Felker, B., 558 Felleman, D J., 117 Felmingham, K., 615 Fennema, E., 341 Ferguson, C P., 193 Ferguson, S., 522 Ferlie, E., 663 Fernald, Anne, 260 Ferrante, J., 397 Ferreira, S E., 158 Ferrucci, R., 63 Festinger, L., 414, 415, 430 Feteha, H., 196 Fichna, J., 56 Field, A P., 560 Field, T M., 365 Fields, D R., 107 Fiellin, D A., 158 Fifer, W P., 364 Figge, M., 441 Figner, B., 390 Fillmore, K M., 151 Finch, C E., 388 Finkel, D., 392 Finkel, K J., 142 Finkelstein, D M., 524 Finkelstein, M A., 93 Finn, R., 239, 297 Fiorentino, L., 144 Fischer, A H., 205 Fischer, G W., 426 Fishbein, H D., 382 Fishbein, W., 137 Fisher, B S., 13 Fisher, C A., 157 Fisher, H., 432 Fisher, H E., 196 Fisher, S., 622 Fiske, M., 480 Fiske, S T., 418, 422 Fitzgerald, P B., 624 Fitzpatrick, D., 93 Flanagin, A J., 657 Fleckenstein, A E., 162 Fleeson, W., 481 Fletcher, C., 660 Flieller, A., 390 Flor-Henry, P., 69 Flynn, J R., 340 Foa, E B., 558, 603 Fogel, S M., 131, 137 Fokkema, T., 203 Foland-Ross, L C., 571, 573 Foley, H J., 93, 100, 101, 105, 107 Folkman, S., 514, 518, 519 Folmer, R L., 99 Folsom, T D., 580 Food and Drug Administration Public Health Advisory, 622 Foote, B., 563, 569 Ford, C S., 203 Foroud, T., 156 Forsyth, J P., 561 Fossum, I N., 141 Foster, J B., 430 Fourment, C., 430 Fournier, J C., 622 Fowler, J., 528 Fowles, D C., 583 Fox, E., 561 Fox Tree, J E., 290 Foy, B D., 161 Fragaszy, D M., 327 Frager, Robert D., 178 Fraley, R C., 378 Francis, D J., 359 Francis, E L., 573 Frank, D A., 359 Frank, M C., 364 Frankenberger, K D., 390 Franks, S., 181 Fraser, S C., 441 Fratta, W., 164 Frawley, P J., 239 Freedman, J L., 441 Freeman, M R., 46 Freire, R C., 604 Fremouw, W J., 189 Fresco, D M., 573 Freud, A., 466 Freud, S., 139, 294, 464, 467, 572, 597 Freudenmann, R W., 161 Frewen, P A., 615 Friedland, G H., 158 Friedman, C K., 380 Friedman, E M., 131, 535 Friedman, H S., 526 Friedman, M., 187 Friedman, M J., 526, 561 Frielingsdorf, H., 298 Friesen, C A., 481 Friesen, W V., 207, 211 Frijda, N., 448 Frings, M., 227 Friston, K J., 117 Froh, J., 574 Frost, R O., 557 Fry, C., 161 Fry, J., 21 Fry, R., 400 Fryling, M J., 238 Fu, C H., 571 Fu, Y., 477 Fuchs, D L., 563 Fuller-Rowell, T E., 509 Fullerton, C S., 558 Fulmer, C A., 486 Fumal, A., 522 Furnham, A., 316, 342, 343, 383 Furumoto, L., 30 Fushiki, T., 56 Fyer, A J., 603 Gabrieli, J J D., 210 Gael, S A., 653 Gaertner, Samuel, 423 Gais, S., 130 Galea, S., 508 Galensky, T L., 246 Gallagher, A M., 380 Gallagher, K C., 378 Gallerani, M., 158 Galli, A., 160 Galliano, G., 341 Gallo, L C., 397–398 Galvan, A., 386 Ganea, P A., 367 Gangestad, S W., 196 Gansberg, M., 452 Gant, L M., 531 Gao, J H., 179 Garaulet, M., 187 Garbarino, J., 451 Garcia, J., 236, 237 Gardiner, H W., 388 Gardner, H., 333, 334, 335, 337, 340 Garlick, D., 360, 361 Garltlehner, G., 622 Garnock-Jones, K P., 622 Garver-Apgar, C E., 196 Gasbarri, A., 54 Gaval-Cruz, M., 239 Gawin, F H., 160 Gaynes, B N., 624, 625 Gazzaniga, Michael, 70 Ge, X., 385 Geary, N., 182 Gedo, J E., 471 Geer, J H., 270 Gelade, G., 316 Gelfand, M M., 196 Gelfand, S A., 98 Gelman, S A., 382 Gelstein, Shani, 107–108 Geraerts, E., 148 Gerardi, M., 604 Gerber, W.-D., 228 Gergen, K J., 425 Gergen, M M., 425 Gerken, L., 365 German, C L., 162 Germine, L T., 73 Gernsbacher, M A., 283 Gershoff, Elizabeth, 253 Gervai, J., 382 Geschwind, N., 68 Gheysen, F., 299 Ghosh, D., 479 Giancola, P R., 154 Giannotti, F., 132 Gibb, B E., 573 Gibbons, C J., 610 Gibbons, L E., 281 Gibbons, M B., 616 Gibbs, W W., 183 Gibson, Eleanor, 364 Giedd, J N., 386 743 Gilbert, D G., 517 Gilbertson, M W., 66 Gildea, K M., 513 Gillam, B., 119 Gillanders, D., 572 Gillespie, C F., 571 Gilligan, Carol, 373–374 Gilliland, K., 477 Gillund, G., 291 Girandola, F., 441 Girdler, S S., 516 Giret, N., 327 Girgis, Z M., 446–447 Gitelson, I B., 400 Givens, B., 154 Gladwell, M., 481 Glanzer, M., 279 Glaser, R., 516, 517 Gleason, M E., 484 Glenberg, A M., 276, 277 Glensman, J., 65, 298 Glisky, M L., 563 Goddard, A W., 558, 570 Godden, D R., 293 Goeders, N E., 151 Gold, M S., 165 Goldberg, J F., 623 Goldberg, L R., 479–480 Goldman, R., 416 Goldsmith, B., 202 Goldstein, M A., 623 Goleman, D., 130, 336, 660 Gonzalez, A., 182 Gonzalez, H M., 567 Good, J J., 423 Goodie, J., 191 Goodwin, F K., 623 Goodwin, P Y., 398 Gorchoff, S M., 400 Gordon, E F., 501, 599, 613 Gordon, S., 531 Gorman, J M., 573 Gormezano, I., 234 Gosling, S D., 11 Gotlib, I H., 571, 572 Gottesman, Irving, 578, 579 Gottlieb, G., 356 Gottlieb, J., 454 Gottman, J., 397 Gotts, S J., 68 Gottschling, J., 479 Gouin, K., 359 Gourevitch, M N., 158 Graber, J A., 385 Grace, A A., 579 Grace, R C., 247 Graesch, A P., 11 Graf, P., 270 Graffin, N F., 145 Graham, K S., 286 Graham, R., 64 Granstrom, K., 382 Grant, B F., 555, 581 Grant, J E., 191 Grasha, A F., 475 Grayson, C., 572 Green, A R., 161 Green, B., 436 Green, C., 276 Green, J G., 561, 572, 573 Green, J P., 146, 147 Greenberg, A., 432 Greenberg, B D., 625–626 Greenberg, L., 613 Greenberg, L S., 599, 601 Greenfield, P., 333 Greenhaus, J H., 658 Greenlees, I., 147 Greenwald, A G., 471 Greenwood, S J., 74 Greer, G R., 161 Gregg, R A., 162 Grieger, T A., 558 Griest, S E., 99 Griffey, J F., 432 Griffin, D., 525 Griffin, D W., 397 Griffiths, K M., 617 Griffiths, R R., 158 Grigorenko, E L., 340 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 744 Name Index Grijalvo, J., 193 Grilo, C M., 191 Grinspoon, L., 163 Grivetti, L E., 104 Groothuis, T G., 448 Gropalis, M., 565 Gross, J J., 210, 520 Grossman, A H., 203 Grossman, L S., 524, 576 Grossman, M., 181 Grossman, R P., 412 Grossmann, I., 391 Grover, S., 552 Gruen, R J., 506 Grundy, E., 397 Grusec, J E., 260 Gruzelier, J., 146 Grysman, A., 285, 393 Gugger, J J., 138 Guilford, J P., 333 Guilleminault, C., 143 Guinard, J., 105 Guisinger, S., 193 Gündel, H., 228 Gunter, B., 383 Gurman, A S., 612, 613 Gustavson, C R., 237 Guterman, N B., 451 Gygax, L., 204 Ha, T., 396 Haase, R F., 260 Haber, D., 388 Hackett, R D., 664 Hackman, J R., 662 Haddad, R S., 619 Hadjikhani, N., 364 Haefner, R., 656 Hagenauer, M H., 135 Haidt, J., 373 Haie, L., 144 Haith, M M., 370 Hakuta, K., 324 Halaby, A., 619 Halim, M L., 380 Hall, D T., 179 Hallett, M., 299, 396 Halloway, R L., 69 Halperin, E., 520 Halpern, D F., 341, 342, 382, 422 Halpern, J H., 165 Halverson, C F., 380 Halvorsen, R., 524 Hamani, C., 571, 625 Hamann, S., 212, 558 Hamel, R., 316 Hamer, D., 479 Hamer, M., 524 Hamilton, C E., 377 Hamilton, J P., 571 Hamlin, J K., 373 Hamlin, P H., 248 Hammen, C., 573 Hammersmith, S K., 204 Hampson, S E., 479–480 Haney, M., 163 Hanisch, K A., 661, 662, 664 Hanna, G H., 560 Hanna, R., 431 Hanson, G., 163 Hanson, G R., 162 Hansson, K., 397 Harden, K P., 356 Hardie, R C., 93 Harding, G E., 234 Hargis, M., 656 Harkins, S G., 438 Harlow, H F., 375 Harold, G T., 583 Harris, A., 359 Harris, J D., 227 Harris, R A., 154 Harrop, A., 382 Harrow, M., 576 Hart, B M., 31 Hartley, A., 245 Hartmann, E., 143 Hartmann, U., 471 Hasegawa, T., 571 Hasher, L., 293 Hashtroudi, S., 297 Hasin, D., 552 Hasselmo, M E., 54 Hassett, J M., 381 Hastings, E C., 15 Hataira, P., 147 Hatcher, R., 532 Hatfield, G., 112 Hatzenbuehler, M L., 509 Hatzigeorgiadis, A., 371 Haus, E., 136 Hausner, H., 105 Havermans, R C., 237 Hawco, C., 310 Hawkley, L C., 522, 523 Hawley, D F., 66 Hawley, J A., 189 Haworth, C M., 356 Hay, J F., 293 Hayden, E P., 479, 570 Hayes, A., 616 Hayes, E R., 530 Hayes, J R., 314 Hays, H., 190 Hays, N P., 14 Hayward, M D., 56 Hazuda, H P., 527 Hebb, D O., 176 Hedden, T., 293 Heider, F., 414, 418, 430 Heidkamp, D., 580 Heilman, M E., 423 Heim, C., 572, 574 Heine, S J., 212, 430 Heiser, P., 130 Heisler, M., 509 Hejmadi, A., 212 Helgeson, V S., 518 Hélie, S., 317 Heller, W., 69 Hellmich, N., 186 Helmholtz, H L F von, 100 Helmuth, L., 322 Helson, R., 400 Helwig, C C., 373 Helzer, J E., 151, 156 Hendrick, C., 430 Hendrick, S S., 430 Henkens, K., 401 Hennessy, D A., 420 Hennessy, M B., 572 Henrich, G., 228 Henry, K D., 31 Henry, W P., 274, 598 Henshaw, S P., 281 Herbenick, D., 199–200 Herbert, B M., 185 Herculano-Houzel, S., 46 Herman, L M., 327 Heron, M., 547, 568 Herrera, N C., 470 Herrnstein, R., 339 Herscovitch, L., 663 Hertel, P T., 561 Hertzog, C., 392 Hesse, E., 376 Hettema, J M., 560 Heuser, I., 625 Hewer, A., 372 Hewstone, M., 426 Hicks, B M., 582 Higbee, K L., Higuchi, S., 239 Hikosaka, O., 63 Hilgard, E R., 146 Hilgart, M., 617 Hill, C E., 601 Hill, P C., 523 Hill, T., 255 Hill-Soderlund, A L., 377 Hilt, L M., 573, 574 Hilton, D J., 441 Hirai, M., 617 Hiroto, D S., 527 Hirsch, E., 248 Hirsch, M S., 197 Hirsh, J B., 480 Hirshkowitz, M., 131, 138 Hirst, W., 295 Hitch, G J., 279, 281, 282 Hively, K., 423 Ho, B.-C., 575, 576, 577 Hobbs, B B., 136 Hobson, J A., 139, 140 Hochberg, L R., 24 Hodson, G., 423 Hodson, N A., 103 Hoeft, F., 145, 146 Hoffman, A B., 313 Hoffman, R E., 580 Hofmann, S G., 610 Hogben, M., 450 Hohlfeld, R., 46 Hokin, L E., 622 Holden, C., 479 Holder, M D., 327 Holen, A., 524 Holland, A J., 193 Hollon, S D., 614, 615, 616 Hollos, M., 390 Holloway, R L., 69 Holman, E A., 508 Holman, T B., 396 Holmans, P., 570 Holmes, Thomas, 504–506 Holmqvist, J L., 255 Holt, S., 440 Holt-Lunstad, J., 397, 522 Holzel, B K., 524 Hong, Y., 527 Hood, C J., 522 Hood, D C., 93 Hooker, S A., 523 Hooley, J M., 576, 580 Hopcroft, R L., 567 Horgan, D D., 382 Horgan, J., 471 Horiguchi, H., 95 Horn, J L., 334 Hornboll, B., 64 Horne, J A., 133, 137 Horney, Karen, 470 Hornyak, M., 142 Hosking, S G., 531 Hovey, J D., 509 Hovland, C I., 416 Howe, M L., 294 Howes, O D., 579 Howland, J., 158 Hoyer, W D., 416 Hoyland, A., 535 Hsiao, S., 236 Hsiung, R C., 617 Hu, J., 109 Huang, C J., 522, 535 Huang, Y., 581 Hubel, D H., 96 Huber, D., 228 Huddleston, J., 385 Hudson, A J., 63 Hudson, J A., 285, 393 Hudson, S., 164 Huerta, C G., 506 Huesmann, L R., 447 Huff, N C., 240 Huff, W., 625 Huffcutt, A I., 653 Huffziger, S., 572 Hughes, D J., 316 Hughes, J., 157 Hughes, J W., 522, 524 Hughes, M E., 398 Hughes, Z A., 574 Hulbert, A., 117 Hulin, C L., 662, 664 Hull, C L., 174 Hummel, M., 160 Hummel, T., 108 Hunt, R R., 239 Hunter, E C., 562 Hupp, J M., 382 Hurlstone, M J., 282 Hurvich, L M., 96 Husemann, N., 480 Huston, A C., 383 Hutchinson, R R., 448 Hutchison, K E., 572, 574 Huttenlocher, P R., 361 Hyde, J., 374 Hyde, J S., 341, 399 Hyland, P., 608 Hyman, J S., 525 Iacono, W G., 579 Iervolino, A C., 557 Igarashi, H., 400 Iidaka, T., 290 Ikonomidou, C., 154, 358 Ilgen, D R., 663 Ilgen, M A., 572, 574 Ineichen, B., 430 Infante-Rivard, C., 158 Inglehart, M., 208 Inglehart, R., 537 Ingram, R E., 616 Innes, C R., 130 Innis, N K., 250 Inostroza, M., 137 Inoue, K., 56 Insel, T., 546 Insel, T R., 617 Inzlicht, M., 423, 523 Irwin, M., 130 Irwin, M R., 130, 535 Isa, M R., 522 Isaac, M., 562 Isenberg, N., 64 Iso, H., 298 Iverson, L., 163 Iyengar, S S., 178 Izac, S M., 63 Jablensky, A., 576 Jablin, F M., 657 Jack, E P., 415 Jackson, J L., 480 Jackson, S., 117 Jacobs, L F., 525 Jacobson, N S., 613 Jacoby, L L., 293 Jacquet, A Y., 365 Jadack, R A., 374 Jaffari-Bimmel, N., 478 Jaffee, S., 374 Jain, A K., 105 Jaint, N., 97 Jakobsen, J C., 598 Jakubowski, R., 420 James, W., 174, 206 Jameson, D., 96 Jamieson, G., 146 Jamieson, J P., 520 Jamner, L D., 516 Janca, A., 558 Jäncke, L., 69 Jane, J S., 552 Janicki, D., 518 Janicki-Deverts, D., 522 Janis, I L., 438, 439 Janoff-Bulman, R., 561 Janowitz, H., 181 Jansen, A., 237 Jaremka, L M., 523 Jarrett, R B., 610 Javitt, D C., 579 Jedrziewski, M K., 74 Jeffries, J J., 161 Jenkins, J M., 369 Jenni, O G., 135 Jennings, J R., 131 Jensen, A R., 340 Jensen, M P., 147 Jeste, D V., 620 Jiang, J., 117 Jimmieson, N L., 521 Jitsumori, M., 312 Jobe, T H., 576 Jobin, J., 524 John, O P., 400 Johnson, A J., 11 Johnson, B A., 605 Johnson, B T., 291 Johnson, D., 381 Johnson, D E., 664 Johnson, J A., 481 Johnson, K L., 509 Johnson, M K., 297 Johnson, P A., 239 Johnson, S., 613 Johnson, S L., 570 Johnson, S M., 613 Johnson, S P., 364 Johnson, V E., 197, 198 Johnson, W., 479 John-Steiner, V., 370 Johnston, L D., 159, 396, 530 Joiner, T., 569 Joiner, T E., Jr., 191 Jolicoeur, P., 308 Joliot, A E., 192 Jonas, P., 387 Jonason, P K., 431 Jones, B Q., 397 Jones, E E., 419, 420, 426 Jones, M., 147 Jones, Mary Cover, 602 Jones, N P., 572 Jones, R D., 130 Jones, S., 157, 382 Jones, S A., 119 Jonsson, E G., 479 Joormann, J., 570, 571, 572 Jordan, A S., 143 Jordan, G., 97 Jorgensen, C H., 605 Jorgensen, G., 374 Joseph, J E., 474 Joule, R.-V., 415 Joyner, K., 202 Judge, T A., 661 Julien, R M., 158 Jung, C G., 469–470 Junker, A., 46 Justo, M G., 212 Kachelski, R A., 87 Kahai, S S., 660 Kahana, M J., 279 Kahneman, D., 319, 320, 321 Kahol, K., 131, 136 Kahout, J L., 31 Kaiser Family Foundation, 450 Kajantie, E., 516 Kako, E., 327 Kalish, R A., 403 Kammrath, L K., 481 Kandel, D B., 430 Kane, J M., 620 Kangas, B D., 250 Kanny, D., 154 Kanoy, K., 253 Kanwisher, N., 117 Kaplan, C A., 316 Kaplan, D A., 650, 660, 665 Kaplan, R E., 659 Kaplan, R M., 186, 330 Kaplowitz, P B., 384 Kapur, S., 579 Karasik, L B., 361 Karch, D., 569 Karlsgodt, K H., 579 Karnani, M M., 182 Karney, B R., 397 Karni, A., 138 Kaskutas, L A., 613 Kaslwo, F W., 397 Kassin, S M., 447 Kastner, S., 66 Katerud, S., 552 Katigbak, M S., 478 Katsurada, E., 253 Katz-Wise, S L., 399 Kaufman, A S., 334 Kaufman, L., 119 Kaul, C., 634, 638 Kavushansky, A., 56 Kawakami, N., 556 Kawamura, N., 508 Kawas, C., 343 Kazdin, A E., 255, 617 Keck, P E., Jr., 571 Keel, P K., 192, 193 Keir, P J., 531 Keita, G P., 573 Keller, C., 382 Keller, J., 423, 424 Kelley, K., 378 Kellner, C H., 625 Kelly, D J., 364 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Name Index Kelly, M M., 561 Kelman, C A., 371 Kelsch, W., 361 Kemball, G., 196 Kemeny, M E., 518 Kemp, M., 616 Kemp, S., 285 Kemper, S., 535 Kendall, L M., 662 Kendler, K S., 578 Kennedy, K., 186 Kennedy, K M., 73 Kennedy, S H., 615 Kenrick, D T., 448, 485 Kensinger, E A., 131 Kent, T A., 622 Kerns, K A., 377 Kessler, R C., 554, 555, 556, 557, 565, 567, 570 Kessler, Y., 280 Kibbe, M M., 367 Kidd, K K., 340 Kiecolt-Glaser, J K., 397, 515, 516, 517 Kieffaber, P D., 270 Kiehl, K A., 582 Kieseppa, T., 570 Kihlstrom, J F., 471, 562, 563, 564 Killen, M., 436 Kilpatrick, D G., 574 Kim, H., 378 Kim, H S., 522 Kim, N., 118 Kimeldorf, D J., 236 Kimura, D., 69 King, B M., 184, 185 King, S., 580 Kinicki, A J., 658 Kinnish, K K., 201 Kinomura, S., 63 Kinsey, A C., 201 Kirby, S., 229 Kirkbride, J B., 576 Kirkpatrick, S A., 659, 660 Kirmayer, L J., 565 Kirsch, I., 145, 146, 147, 148, 622 Kirsch, L., 146 Kirschbaum, C., 516 Kirschenbaum, D S., 475 Kisilevsky, B S., 365 Kistner, J A., 574 Kitayama, S., 486 Kito, S., 571 Kleim, B., 561 Klein, B., 617 Klein, D N., 567, 570 Klein, S B., 234 Klein, T W., 163 Kleitman, N., 137 Klinger, E., 604 Klöckener, T., 185 Klonoff, E A., 574 Kluft, R P., 564 Klump, K L., 193 Knaevelsrud, C., 617 Knowlton, B., 287 Kobasa, S C., 528 Kochanek, K D., 568 Kochanska, G., 252 Koelling, R A., 236, 237 Koenigsberg, H W., 583 Kofodimos, J R., 659 Koga, Y., 571 Kogan, A., 397 Kogut, T., 454 Koh, K B., 520, 522 Kohlberg, L., 372 Köhler, W., 257 Kohout, J., Koles, Z J., 69 Kolodny, R C., 198 Komisaruk, B R., 197 Koob, G F., 154 Koolschijn, P C., 386 Kopelman, P G., 186 Kopta, S M., 615 Korszun, A., 574 Kosmitzki, C., 388 Koss, M P., 574 Kosslyn, S., 87–88 Kosslyn, S M., 308, 310 Kosten, T R., 239 Koster, E H W., 572 Koughan, M., 650, 658 Kowalski, K., 413, 424 Kozart, M F., 616 Kozlowski, S W., 658 Kraft, J B., 571 Kraft, J M., 358 Kraft, T L., 524 Kraha, A., 189 Kram, K E., 423 Kramer, A F., 392 Krampe, H., 605 Kraut, R E., 208 Kreider, R M., 398 Kremer, I., 530 Kristenson, H H., 239 Kropp, P., 228 Krystal, A D., 140 Krystal, J H., 156 Kryukov, V I., 234 Kübler-Ross, E., 402–403 Kuczaj, S A., II, 327 Kudielka, B M., 516 Kuehner, C., 572 Kuhbandner, C., 272 Kuhlman, D M., 177, 474 Kuhn, D., 390 Kulik, J., 295 Kuller, L H., 397–398 Kumada, T., 154 Kumarasamy, N., 533 Kumari, V., 477 Kung, H S., 568 Kunstman, J W., 423 Kunugi, H., 571 Kurdek, L A., 399 Kutscher, E C., 578 Kuyper, L., 203 Kuypers, K P., 161 Kuzelova, H., 558, 570 Kwan, B M., 616 Kwiatkowski, J., 316 Kyle, B N., 604 LaBar, K S., 64 Lacayo, A., 160 Laceulle, O M., 479, 480 Lack, C W., 610 Laeng, B., 69 La Greca, A M., 561 Lahey, B B., 552 Lambert, M J., 614 Lambeth, G S., 396 Lamon, S., 341 Lancet, D., 106, 107 Landers, D M., 176 Landrine, H., 574 Lang, A., 255 Lang, A J., 556 Lang, R., 610 Lange, T., 130, 535 Langfred, C., 659 Langlois, J H., 364, 432 Langreth, R., 522 Lanius, R A., 615 Lansford, J E., 398 Lanska, M., 310 Lanter, J., 328 Largo-Wight, E., 519 Larkin, M., 107 Larson, J., 572 Lassman, D J., 182 Latané, B., 435, 452–453, 454 Lating, J M., 558 Latkin, C A., 454 Lattal, K A., 246 Laubmeier, K K., 523 Laugharne, J., 558 Lavie, P., 142 Lavner, J A., 397 Lavoie, C., 227 Lawton, C L., 535 Lawton, J N., 531 Layous, K., 536 Layton, J B., 522 Lazarus, R S., 205, 209–210, 509, 513, 514, 518, 519 Lazerson, A., 48 Leaper, C., 380, 381 Leary, C., 253 Leary, M R., 433 Leasure, J., 66 LeBlanc, J., 477 Lebovits, A., 522 Lebow, J L., 612, 613 Lecanuet, J.-P., 365 Lecat, B., 441 Leckman, J F., 557 Ledermann, T., 131, 535 Ledford, G E., Jr., 659 Lee, A Y., 430 Lee, D C., 535 Lee, G R., 397 Lee, Helie, 350 Lee, K., 607 Lee, S J., 451 Lee, T M., 135 Lefcourt, H M., 524 Lehto, U S., 517 Leibowitz, S F., 183 Leichsenring, F., 583 Lekander, M., 130 Lemay, E P., 432 LeMay, M L., 341 Lemola, S., 131, 535 Leng, N R C., 297 Lentz, E., 658 Lenze, E J., 622 Lenzenweger, M F., 581 Leon, S C., 616 Leonard, K E., 156 Lepage, M., 310 LePine, J A., 664 Lepper, M R., 178 Leslie, A M., 367 Lessenger, J E., 149 Lester, B M., 358 Lester, D., 470 Leszcz, M., 611 Letsch, E A., 479 Leucht, S., 620 Leuchter, A F., 622 Leue, A., 477 LeVay, S., 201 Levens, S M., 572 Levenson, R W., 207 Levin, B E., 184 Levine, B., 286 Levine, C., 372 Levine, C S., 422 Levine, E G., 523 Levine, R A., 426 Levinson, D F., 570 Levitsky, W., 68 Levitt, A G., 323 Levy, B R., 388 Levy, D., 380 Levy, D L., 578 Levy, G D., 382 Levy-Shiff, R., 399 Lewinsohn, P M., 567, 569, 570, 608 Lewis, D O., 160, 449 Lewinsohn, P M., 191 Leyhe, T., 286 L’Herrou, T., 435 Li, C E., 574 Li, J-S., 236 Li, K-C., 236 Li, S., 391, 392 Li, X., 568 Li, Y., 316 Libersat, F., 448 Lichtenfeld, S., 272 Lichter, D T., 396 Lick, D J., 509 Lickliter, R., 356 Lieberman, J., 579, 620 Lieberman, J A., 140, 575 Liebert, R M., 484 Lien, Y., 420 Lincoln, A E., 288 Lind, D L., 432 Lind, J C., 69 Lindau, S T., 388 Linden, R W A., 103 Lindenberger, U., 391 Lindenmayer, J P., 620 Lindgren, M., 146 Lindley, C A., 245 Lindsay, D., 297 Lindsey, E W., 378 Ling, D., 530 Linhares, J M., 90 Linville, P W., 426 Linz, D., 245 Liossi, C., 147 Lippa, R., 204 Lipsitt, L P., 142 Lipsitz, J D., 603 Lissek, S., 561 Little, A C., 432 Littleton, H., 521 Liu, Y., 154 Livingston, I., 452 Livingstone, M S., 96 Llorente, M D., 143 Loane, C., 619 Locke, E A., 659, 660 Lockenhoff, C E., 388 Lockhart, Robert, 276, 277 Loersch, C., 87 Loewenstein, R J., 563, 564 Loewenstein, W R., 109 Loftus, E F., 294, 296, 297 Loftus, G R., 272 Logie, R H., 279, 281, 282 Logue, A W., 237 Lois, C., 361 Lomenick, J P., 181 Loney, B R., 581 Long, B C., 522 Long, N., 177 Longstreth, W T., Jr., 141 Loo, C K., 624 Looper, K J., 565 Lopez, C M., 574 Lopez Cascales, J J., 103 Lorenz, F O., 398 Lorenzetti, A., 516 Lorenzo-Luaces, L., 616 Loughnan, S., 422 Lourenco, O., 370 Lovden, M., 391 Loveless, A S., 396 Lowe, S R., 395 Lowis, M J., 401 Lu, H H., 396 Lu, N Z., 574 Lucas, B., 130 Lucas, R E., 398, 487 Luce, K H., 617 Luckman, S M., 183 Luders, E., 66 Ludtke, O., 480 Luecken, L J., 517 Luhmann, M., 399 Lumer, E D., 117 Lundblad, A., 397 Lundy, R., 145 Luo, J., 63 Luo, S., 431 Lutgendorf, S., 522 Lykken, D T., 479 Lynn, B., 523 Lynn, S J., 145, 146, 147, 563–564 Lynne-Landsman, S D., 474 Lytton, H., 382 Lyubomirsky, S., 536, 572 Macan, T., 653 MacDonald, H., 146 Macfadden, W., 620 Machado, A., 370 MacIntosh, H B., 613 MacIntyre, G F., 42 Madden, D J., 391 Maddi, Salvatore, 528 Maddox, W T., 313 Madsen, L., 421 Maercker, A., 617 Maggs, J L., 154, 159 Magiati, I., 614 Maguire, E A., 65, 66, 298 745 Mah, K., 198 Maher, A R., 620 Mahmmod, A., 361 Mahn, H., 370 Mahood, C., 245 Maier, S F., 527, 572 Maillot, P., 245 Main, M., 376 Maiorca, J., 454 Maisonneuve, J., 430 Maj, M., 623 Majdandzic, M., 478 Makinen, J A., 613 Makino, H., 312 Makris, N., 66 Malapsina, D., 578–579 Malcolm, R J., 605 Malcolm, W., 613 Malik, M., 450 Malina, R M., 384 Mancini, A D., 398 Maner, J K., 196 Manera, S., 365 Mann, R D., 660 Manning, C C., 446–447 Manning, W D., 399 Manson, J E., 535 Manstead, A S R., 205 Manthena, P., 134 Manz, C C., 659 Marañon, I., 193 Marazzitti, D., 448 Marchetti, I., 572 Marcia, J E., 394 Marcotte, E., 140 Mareschal, D., 367 Mariscal, M., 358 Markman, A B., 311 Marks, D F., 340 Markus, H., 380 Markus, H R., 381, 486 Marler, P R., 326 Marques, J F., 310 Marshall, C., 610 Martin, C., 654 Martin, C E., 201 Martin, C L., 380, 381 Martin, G., 252 Martin, N., 204 Martin, W H., 99 Martindale, C., 316 Martinie, M., 177, 415, 424 Martins, A T., 212 Martins, R N., 245 Martorana, A., 54 Martuzzi, R., 109 Marx, B P., 513 Marzoli, D., 208 Mashal, N., 69 Mashoodh, R., 356 Maslow, A., 178, 485 Massaro, D W., 272 Masten, A S., 480 Masters, K S., 523 Masters, W H., 197, 198 Mathew, R., 156 Matlin, M W., 93, 100, 101, 105, 107 Matson, J L., 255, 607 Matsuda, L A., 163 Matsumoto, D., 472 Matsuyama, T., 298 Matthews, B A., 250 Matthews, K A., 398 Matto, H C., 381 Matud, M P., 518 Mauss, I B., 210, 520 Maville, J., 506 Mavriplis, C., 422 Maxwell, J C., 161 Mayberg, H S., 571, 625–626 Mayer, J., 336 Mayer, R E., 308 Mayes, L C., 567 Maynard, A M., 390 Mazure, C M., 573, 574 Mazzoni, G., 148 McAdams, D P., 479, 486 McAndrew, F., 212 McCabe, K O., 481 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 746 Name Index McCallie, M S., 522 McCance-Katz, E F., 157, 161 McCann, U D., 161 McCarley, R W., 131, 140 McClelland, D C., 174 McClintock, M K., 107, 196 McCloskey, D., 74 McClung, C A., 571 McClure, F., 616 McClure, H H., 509 McCormack, P L., 622 McCrae, Robert, 477–478, 479, 480 McCreary, C P., 517 McCullough, M E., 523 McDaniel, M A., 131 McDermott, B., 616 McDermott, D., 400 McDonough, I M., 387 McElderry, D., 384 McElroy, S L., 571 McEvoy, P M., 610 McEvoy, R D., 143 McFall, R M., 610 McFalls, J A., Jr., 388 McGehee, D S., 159 McGlashan, T H., 580 McGregor, G., 182 McGuffin, P., 570 McGuigan, N., 252 McIntosh, D N., 207, 523 McIntosh, E., 572 McKay, A., 26 McKean, K J., 528 McKee, A., 336 McKenna, M C., 527 McKillip, J., 432 McKim, W A., 157 McKinley, N M., 341 McKnight-Eily, L R., 132, 143, 144 McLaughlin, K A., 561, 572 McLaughlin Crabtree, V., 132 McLay, R N., 604 McLean, C P., 554 McMahon, L R., 31 McManus, J L., 454 McManus, M A., 656 McMillen, D L., 151 McMullen, E., 616 McNally, R J., 189 McNeil, D W., 604 McNeill, B., 381 McRae, Kateri, 210 Medina-Mora, M E., 556 Mega, C., 205 Mehl, M R., 536 Meier, A E., 238 Meinl, E., 46 Meiran, N., 280 Mellman, T A., 558 Mellott, L M., 396 Meltzer, L J., 140 Mendelsohn, G A., 431 Mendes, W B., 520 Menlove, F L., 260 Mennella, J A., 105 Menz, M M., 138 Menzies, H., 524 Merikangas, K R., 547, 567, 570 Merkl, A., 625 Merskey, H., 564 Mesquita, B., 212 Messner, M., 416 Metzger, A., 396 Meyer, Dixie, 433 Meyer, J P., 663 Meyer, L., 203 Meyerbroeker, K., 603 Mezulis, A H., 421 Micco, J A., 560 Michael, G A., 66 Michalski, D., 4, 33 Michelson, D., 622 Migliore, M., 274 Mignot, E., 141 Milad, M R., 560 Milan, M., 558 Milford, G E., 179 Milgram, S., 21, 442, 443, 445–446 Milland, L., 177, 415, 424 Millar, M., 441 Miller, A G., 444 Miller, D T., 421 Miller, E., 107 Miller, G E., 510, 515, 517 Miller, I J., Jr., 103 Miller, N S., 165 Miller, P., 161 Miller, R R., 234 Miller, S., 196 Miller, T Q., 526 Miller, W R., 523, 527 Milling, L S., 146 Milner, B., 65 Milner, C E., 141 Milton, J., 87 Minda, J P., 312 Mindell, J A., 140 Minhoto, G., 131 Miranda, R., 569 Mischel, W., 480 Miselis, R R., 183 Miskovic, V., 610 Mitchell, D Y., 143 Mitchison, G., 138 Mitelman, S A., 579 Mithoefer, M C., 161 Miyauchi, S., 66 Mizushige, T., 56 Mo, L., 311 Mobini, S., 104 Moe, B., 448 Moffitt, T E., 479, 547, 555, 582 Mogilner, C., 536 Mohr, B A., 388 Mohr, C., 452, 506 Mohr, D C., 617 Mojtabai, R., 592 Mokhber, N., 619 Molero, F., 426 Mommersteeg, P M., 526 Mongrain, V., 132 Monk, T H., 131 Monroe, S M., 573 Montgomery, G., 147 Monti, J M., 117 Monti-Bloch, L., 107 Montoya, M R., 432 Mooney, R D., 93 Moore, C., 524 Moore, C A., 131 Moore, E G J., 340 Moore, E L., 565 Moore, K L., 359 Moore, M T., 573 Moreland, R L., 430 Morgan, A H., 146 Morin, C M., 140 Morland, L A., 617 Morley, L., 328 Morlock, R J., 143 Morogiannis, F F., 191 Morris, A S., 400 Morris, M W., 420 Morris, R., 448 Morrison, P., 579 Morrison, P D., 163 Morrow, E M., 53 Morsella, E., 471 Moscovitch, M., 137, 298 Mosedeghrad, A., 663 Mosher, W D., 398 Mosing, M A., 560 Moskowitz, J T., 508, 519 Motivala, S J., 130, 535 Motraghi, T E., 604 Motsinger, L D., 191 Mottram, L., 607 Moulton, S., 87–88 Mowen, J C., 441 Moy, J., 185, 189 Moyer, C A., 524 Mroczek, D K., 480 Mrug, S., 384 Mueller, C W., 663 Mueser, K T., 576 Mulcahy, R., 612 Mullally, S L., 65 Müller, M S., 448 Mulligan, N W., 288 Mumford, M D., 316 Mumme, Donna, 260 Munafo, M R., 479 Munakata, Y., 367 Munch, M., 135 Munoz, R F., 617 Munson, C., 245 Murdoch, B B., Jr., 278 Murillo-Rodriguez, E., 66 Murphy, K., 130, 131, 535 Murphy, S., 404 Murphy, S T., 208 Murray, A., 54 Murray, C., 339 Murray, G., 571 Murray, H A., 176 Murray, S B., 192 Murray, S L., 397 Murray, S O., 117 Murru, A., 622 Muscari, M., 450 Musen, G., 287 Mutran, E J., 401 Mutter, J D., 388 Muurahainen, N E., 182 Muzino, J N., 132 Myers, D G., 397 Myers, H F., 517 Myers, L M., 388 Nabi, R L., 450 Nacke, A., 245 Nacke, L E., 245 Naegele, B., 141 Nagandia, K., 142 Nairne, J S., 275 Naish, P L., 146 Naja, W J., 619 Nakayama, E Y., 601 Nakayama, K., 73 Nandi, A., 508 Nardi, A E., 604, 619 Narvaez, D., 373 NAS, 656 Nascimento, S M., 90 Nash, M., 148, 516 Nassif, A., 383 Nathan, P., 610 Nathan, P E., 614 National Center for Health Statistics, 568 National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), 547, 554, 574 National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, 203 National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA), 156, 531 National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 569, 578 National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 154 National Institute on Drug Abuse, 160, 161, 164, 165 National Institutes of Health, 186 National Research Council, 535 National Safety Council, 320 National Science Foundation, 31 National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, 360 National Sleep Foundation, 132, 143, 144 Nave, K A., 46 Naylor, J C., 663 Nazari, H., 616 Near, J P., 664 Nederhof, E., 572, 573 Neher, A., 485 Neisewander, J L., 54 Nelson, C A., 48 Nelson, L S., 162 Nelson, S K., 401 Nemeroff, C B., 570, 571, 572, 625 Neria, Y., 508 Nesbitt, R E., 420 Ness, L., 563 Nestler, E J., 160 Nestor, L., 163 Nevin, J A., 247 Nevonen, L., 612 Newcomb, T M., 430 Newland, M C., 359 Newman, M G., 561 Newmark, T S., 147 Newton, C A., 163 Ngan, E T., 579 Ni, X., 583 Nicodemus, K K., 578 Nicolini, H., 560 Niedzwienska, A., 285 Nielsen, M., 24 Nieuwenhuijsen, K., 608 Nijdam, M J., 616 Nikulin, V V., 66 Nisbett, R E., 339, 340, 341 Nishino, S., 141 Nivoli, A M., 622 Noah, T., 159 Noble, E P., 293 Noble, M., 234 Nock, M K., 520, 569 Nolen-Hoeksema, S., 572, 573, 574 Norcross, J C., 616 Nordin, S., 104 Norian, R., 252 Norton, M I., 536 Norton, P J., 610 Nosofsky, R M., 313 Nottelmann, E D., 384 Nougaim, K E., 179 Novakova, M., 132 Novara, G., 274 Nowicka, A., 69 Nummenmaa, L., 196 Nunes, J., 144 Nusbaum, E C., 316 Nyberg, L., 286 Nyer, P U., 440 O’Brien, A., 521 O’Brien, K S., 190 O’Brien, M., 399 O’Brien, M C., 158, 159 O’Bryan, M., 382 Ochsner, K N., 210 O’Connor, D B., 509 O’Donnell, C P., 142 Oehen, P., 161 Oesch, S., 181 Offer, S., 398 Offidani, E., 619 Oginska, H., 130, 143 Ogle, C M., 561 Oishi, S., 487 Okazaki, H., 62 O’Keefe, D J., 441 Okuro, M., 141 Olatunji, B O., 610 Oldehinkel, A J., 572 Oldham, G R., 662 Olds, J M., 310 Olff, M., 558 Olive, T., 177, 415, 424 Ollendick, T H., 614 Olshausen, B A., 117 Olson, B D., 479 Olson, E A., 111 Olson, R L., 531 O’Malley, P M., 159, 396 Omar, H., 384 Ondersma, S J., 143 Ones, D., 653 Oosthuizen, P P., 620 Orbuch, T., 397 Organ, D W., 664 Orina, M M., 377 Ormel, J., 572 Ormerod, T C., 317 Ornoy, A., 358 Ortega, L A., 569 Ortony, A., 211, 212 Osborne, R H., 517 O’Shea, E., 161 Ostberg, O., 133 Ostelo, R W J G., 522 Osterman, K., 447 Ostroff, C., 658 Oswalt, S B., 203 Oteri, A., 158 Otomo, K., 323 Ott, C A., 164 Outlaw, F H., 523 Overbeek, G., 396 Overman, W H., 97 Overmier, J B., 527, 572 Owens, J A., 143 Oxler, F., 161 Pace-Schott, E., 140 Packer, D J., 439 Padela, A I., 509 Page, R A., 146 Paivio, A., 274, 283 Palermo-Neto, J., 518 Paller, K A., 364 Pallier, G., 343 Palm, L J., 528 Palmade, G., 430 Palmer, J C., 296 Paltzer, S., 383 Pandina, G., 576 Papadakis, A A., 574 Parent, A S., 384 Pargament, K I., 523 Parikh, T N., 63 Park, D C., 293, 387 Park, H., 270 Park, J S., 607 Parker, E S., 293 Parker, G B., 574, 621 Parker-Pope, T., 532 Parkes, C M., 403 Parkin, A J., 297 Parr, E B., 189 Parsons, T D., 604 Partnership Attitude Tracking Study, 149 Pascalis, O., 364 Pascual, A., 441 Pasquet, P., 105 Passie, T., 164 Patel, S R., 625 Patrick, M E., 154, 159 Patterson, C J., 203 Patterson, D R., 147 Patterson, G R., 583 Paul, G., 524 Paulson, R M., 414 Paulson, S E., 381 Paulus, P B., 433 Pause, B M., 285 Pavlov, Ivan, 226 Payne, J D., 131 Pear, J., 252 Pearlin, L I., 506 Pearsall, M J., 438 Pedersen, B., 605 Pedersen, D M., 120 Pedersen, G., 552 Pedersen, N L., 392 Pedersen, P B., 616 Peelen, M V., 117 Pei, J., 358 Peiffer, J J., 245 Pekrun, R., 272 Pelleymounter, M A., 182 Penaloza, A A., 317 Peng, K., 420 Peng, S., 54 Penley, J A., 519 Pentkowski, N S., 54 Pepperberg, I M., 327 Perez, M., 191 Perina, K., 295 Perkins, D O., 575 Perlini, A H., 432 Perlis, M L., 140 Perlis, R H., 570 Perrot, A., 245 Perry, E., 54 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Name Index Perry, E L., 660 Perry, W G., Jr., 391 Persaud, T V N., 359 Person, E S., 471 Pesant, N., 139, 597 Peterson, B E., 394 Peterson, C., 524, 527 Peterson, L R., 275 Peterson, M J., 275 Peterson, P., 528 Peterson, P M., 519 Petitto, L., 324 Petrides, K V., 343 Petrovich, G D., 183 Petry, N M., 607 Pettigrew, T F., 427 Pettit, R W., 253 Petty, R E., 87, 415, 416, 417, 436 Pew Research Center, 13 Pfaus, J G., 196 Pflueger, H.-J., 448 Phan, Victoria, 316–317 Phares, E J., 484 Phelan, S., 535 Phillips, D I., 516 Phillips, K A., 191 Phillips, M R., 568 Piaget, J., 365, 366, 389 Pickering, G J., 105 Pickert, R., 326 Pidoplichko, V I., 159 Pierce, J P., 530 Pieri, A., 516 Pietromonaco, P R., 522 Pigott, T A., 193 Pillar, G., 142 Pillard, R C., 204 Pillemer, D B., 285 Pilowsky, L S., 579 Pinedo, V A., 199 Pinto, P D., 90 Pinto da Mota Matos, A., 260 Piomelli, D., 188 Piper, A., 564 Pirrallo, R G., 136 Piskulic, D., 610 Plant, E A., 423 Plata-Salaman, C R., 103 Plazzi, B., 138 Plomin, R., 356, 478, 479 Plowfield, L A., 530 Plutchik, R., 212 Poe, G R., 131, 138 Poelman, D., 94 Pogue-Geile, M F., 578–579 Pokorski, J., 130, 143 Polissar, N L., 239 Politis, M., 619 Pollack, W., 575 Polmin, R., 340 Polotsky, V Y., 142 Pomeroy, A., 656 Pomeroy, W B., 201, 203 Ponniah, K., 614, 616 Pool, E., 63 Pool, R., 365 Poore, A G., 427 Pope, H G., 163 Pope, H G., Jr., 165 Porat, R., 520 Porkka-Heiskanen, T., 137 Porte, H S., 139 Porter, J N., 386 Porter, R H., 365 Posner, M I., 146 Postuma, R B., 142 Potter, W J., 450 Poudel, G R., 130 Pouwer, F., 526 Powell, L H., 189, 523 Powell, T J., 613 Powers, S I., 522 Powers, T L., 415 Pratkanis, A R., 87 Preisler, J J., 506 Prentice, A M., 188 Prescott, C A., 156 Pressman, S D., 523, 524 Preston, J A., 401 Price, C A., 401 Price, E C., 610 Price, W F., 139 Priess, H A., 399 Priluck, R., 412 Prinzmetal, W., 119 Pritchard, M E., 524 Pritchard, R D., 663 ProCon.org, 202 Prosser, I B., 31 Prosser, J M., 162 Prutkin, J., 105 Pryor, J H., 547 Ptacek, J T., 518 Ptacek, R., 558 Public Health England, 186 Pulvermüller, F., 66 Purdy, J E., 22 Purves, D., 48 Putnam, F W., 563, 564 Pyke, K., 381 Pylyshyn, Z W., 308, 309 Pyun, Y D., 147 Qian, Z., 396 Quattrone, G A., 426 Querido, J G., 378 Quickfall, J., 163 Quigley, B M., 156 Quillian, M R., 310 Quinn, P C., 311 Raabe, J., 177 Rabinowitz, F E., 575 Rabkin, S W., 147 Raby, K L., 378 Rachman, S., 473 Racsmany, M., 131 Rahe, Richard, 504–506 Rahman, Q., 204 Raine, A., 582, 583 Rainville, P., 147 Rajecki, D W., 32 Ram, S., 142 Ramaekers, J G., 161 Ramsey, J., 164 Ramsey-Rennels, J L., 364 Randall, S., 161 Rando, T A., 403, 404 Ranganathan, M., 163 Rank, M R., 398 Rapoport, J L., 580 Rappaport, V J., 358 Rasch, B., 131 Rasmussen, C., 358 Rasmussen, E B., 359 Rastelli, F., 68 Rathbone, C J., 285 Rauch, S L., 560 Rauchs, G., 138 Rawls, S M., 162 Ray, R D., 520 Ray, W J., 145 Rayner, R., 235, 236 Raz, A., 146 Raz, M., 441 Raz, N., 73, 343 Read, C N., 625–626 Read, S., 397 Readdy, T., 177 Reardon, J M., 146 Reber, P J., 287 Recio, G., 212 Reder, L M., 270 Redman, J., 367 Reece, M., 201 Rees, G., 117 Reeves, E., 342 Regan, M A., 531 Regier, D A., 576 Rehder, B., 313 Reichle, E D., 154 Reid, K J., 141 Reid, M W., 573 Reid, P., 381 Reidel, S L., 432 Reinhard, I., 572 Reinhard, M., 416 Reinisch, J M., 196 Reisberg, D., 309 Reisenzein, R., 209 Reiser, B J., 308 Reiss, D., 378 Reite, M., 69 Reitzes, D C., 401 Rempel, D M., 531 Ren, J., 624, 625 Renoult, L., 286 Repetti, R., 11, 509 Repovs, B., 282 Rescorla, R A., 234 Resko, J A., 448 Resta, O., 142 Restuccia, D., 228 Revonsuo, A., 140 Reyna, V F., 294, 390 Reyngoudt, H., 228 Reynolds, C R., 332 Reynolds, J R., 381 Reynolds, P., 517 Reynolds, R M., 359 Rhodes, N., 417 Ricca, V., 610 Rice, J T., 151 Rice, L N., 599, 601 Rice, V H., 515, 517 Richards, F A., 390 Richardson, D R., 447 Richardson, G A., 359 Rieger, G., 202, 204 Riemann, D., 140 Riese, M L., 359 Riggins, T., 160 Rijsman, R M., 142 Riketta, M., 664 Rinaudo, P., 359 Rinsky, J R., 281 Rios Romenets, S., 142 Rishi, M A., 620 Riskind, J H., 561 Ritchey, P N., 382 Ritov, I., 454 Rivers, P C., 156 Rizvi, S L., 616 Rizzo, A A., 604 Rizzo, A S., 604 Roach, E L., 151 Roberts, A L., 557 Roberts, B W., 479, 480, 526 Roberts, C R., 143 Roberts, J M., 480 Roberts, R D., 336 Roberts, R E., 143, 536 Roberts, S B., 14 Robins, L N., 576 Robins, R W., 480 Robinson, I H., 326 Robinson, J., 252 Robinson, L., 159 Robinson, N M., 341 Robinson, T E., 151 Robles, T F., 397, 517 Rock, L., 119 Rockafellow, B D., 178 Rodenburg, R., 616 Rodewald, F., 563, 564 Rodgers, S., 572 Rodriguez, M D., 616 Roemmich, J N., 384 Roets, A., 425 Roffwarg, H P., 132 Rogers, C R., 485, 599 Rogers, M A., 560 Rogers, N L., 130 Rogers, R J., 421 Rogers, S J., 398 Rogoff, B., 390 Rogol, A D., 384 Rohan, M J., 413, 425 Rohde, P., 567, 569 Rohrbach, L A., 151 Roisman, G I., 203, 378 Rollins, B C., 399 Rolls, E T., 103 Romanelli, R J., 622 Romano, E., 252 Romney, D M., 382 Ronconi, L., 205 Rooney, N J., 326 Rosch, E., 311 Rose, A J., 382, 574 Rose, J E., 530 Rose, S., 567 Rose, S A., 227 Rosenberg, D., 663 Rosenberg, M., 491 Rosenblatt, P C., 404 Rosenhan, D L., 444, 552 Rosenkranz, M A., 524 Rosenman, Ray, 526 Rosenthal, G T., 179 Roshanaei-Moghaddam, B., 614 Ross, B H., 311 Ross, C A., 563 Ross, D., 259, 449 Ross, M., 421, 525 Ross, M W., 204 Ross, S., 259, 449 Rotenberg, K J., 528 Roth, G., 487 Roth, J., 425 Roth, S., 518 Roth, T., 140, 141 Rothbart, M K., 478 Rothbaum, B O., 377, 604 Rothblum, E D., 203 Rotter, Julian, 483 Routh, V H., 184 Rovine, M., 399 Rovine, M J., 340 Rowe, T., 388 Rowlett, J K., 56 Roy-Byrne, P., 619 Rozin, P., 212 Ruark, J., 28, 529 Rubin, K H., 430 Rubin, M., 426 Ruble, D., 380, 381 Ruderman, A J., 189 Rudestam, K E., 603 Rudgley, R., 164 Rudner, M., 277 Ruffman, T., 367 Ruiz, F S., 130, 535 Rumelhart, D E., 284 Ruscio, A M., 556 Rush, A J., 623 Rush, M C., 528 Rushton, J., 340, 341 Rushton, W A H., 94 Russell, C J., 192 Russell, M L., 293 Russell, R., 432 Russell, V A., 510 Rutherford, W., 101 Ruts, W., 313 Ryan, R M., 177 Ryon, H S., 484 Saadat, H., 147 Saalmann, Y B., 66 Sabatelli, R M., 399 Saccuzzo, D P., 330 Sachdev, P., 245 Sachs, G S., 623 Sackett, P R., 664 Sadker, D., 382 Sadler, W A., 394–395 Sagi-Schwartz, A., 377 Sah, P., 64 Saito, T., 239 Sajatovic, M., 623 Sakari, M M., 436 Salend, S J., 255 Salgado, J F., 653 Salovey, P., 336, 426 Salthouse, T A., 391, 392 Salvatore, J E., 377 Samarel, N., 403 Samson, L., 450 Sanada, M., 281 Sanaktekin, O H., 417 Sanchez-de-la-Torre, M., 142 Sanchez-Hucles, J V., 422 Sánchez-Martín, J R., 448 Sanders, G., 161 Sanders, J D., 55 Sanderson, C A., 396 Sanes, J N., 299 747 Sangrigoli, S., 364 Sanislow, C A., 546 Sansone, L A., 193 Sansone, R A., 193 Santelli, J S., 13 Sanyal, S., 619 Sapirstein, G., 147 Sapolsky, R M., 66 Sarker, M R., 181 Saskin, P., 142 Saucier, D A., 454 Saudino, K J., 479 Saules, K K., 178 Saunders, E H., 570 Saunders, N L., 281 Sauter, D A., 212 Sava, F A., 608, 610 Savage-Rumbaugh, E S., 326 Savage-Rumbaugh, S., 327 Saveanu, R V., 570, 571 Savin-Williams, R C., 201, 202 Savitsy, K., 87 Savitz, J., 571 Saxbe, D., 509 Sayette, M A., 154 Schacht, A., 212 Schachter, S., 209, 430, 435 Schacter, D L., 270, 296, 298, 299 Schaie, K W., 334, 391, 392 Schamberger, M., 616 Schatz, P., 288 Scheele, D., 433 Scheier, M F., 524, 527 Schein, E H., 658 Schein, J., 616 Scheir, M F., 528 Schenk, S., 55 Scherf, K S., 386 Schiller, J S., 159, 530 Schiml-Webb, P A., 572 Schinka, J A., 479 Schleifer, S J., 517 Schlesier-Stropp, B., 191 Schlosser, D A., 580 Schmajuk, N., 117 Schmidt, U., 610 Schmidt-Hieber, C., 387 Schmiedek, F., 391 Schmitt, D P., 480 Schmitt, N., 656 Schneider, B., 398 Schneider, T., 570 Schneider, T R., 513 Schoel, W A., 528 Schoenborn, C A., 535 Schoenen, J., 522 Schooler, J W., 154 Schoppe-Sullivan, S J., 378, 399 Schotte, D E., 189 Schottenbauer, M A., 598 Schredl, M., 139 Schreiber, J., 249 Schreiber, J A., 523 Schroeder, M., 21 Schuch, J J., 567 Schuckit, M A., 156 Schueller, S M., 617 Schuh, K J., 158 Schulenberg, J E., 159 Schultz, D P., 244, 329, 463, 484 Schultz, S E., 244, 329, 463, 484 Schumacher, J E., 255 Schumann, G., 155 Schumm, W R., 397 Schwartz, G., 204 Schwartz, J R., 141 Schwartz, M., 190 Schwartz, P D., 390 Schwarzwald, J., 441 Schweizer, S., 572 Schyns, B., 664 Scoboria, A., 148 Scollon, C N., 480 Scott, T R., 103 Scott, W., 616 Scoville, W B., 65 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 748 Name Index Scullin, M K., 131, 137 Scully, J A., 506 Seckl, J., 359 Seeley, J R., 567, 569, 570 Seeman, M V., 576 Seeman, P., 54 Seery, M D., 510 Segal, M W., 430 Segerstrom, S C., 517, 524, 525 Segrin, C., 450 Seidler, G H., 63 Seifer, D B., 384 Seiffert, A E., 117 Sekeres, M J., 298 Sekuler, R., 279 Sela, L., 106 Seligman, M E P., 28, 237, 522, 527, 528, 572 Selye, H., 514 Semal, C., 272 Sen, S., 479 Senghas, A., 323 Sephton, S E., 524 Seth, A K., 274 Seto, M C., 156 Sexton, J., 453 Shadish, W R., 18 Shafer, M., 439 Shah, D B., 625–626 Shahabi, L., 523 Shallcross, A J., 520 Shallenberger, R S., 104 Shamloo, Z S., 178 Shanker, S G., 326, 327 Shankman, S A., 567 Shanks, D R., 270 Shapiro, D., 516 Shapiro, F., 615, 616 Share, David, 342 Sharma, B., 450 Sharma, L., 136 Shavitt, S., 416 Shaw, H., 192 Shaw, L H., 531 Shea, A K., 358 Shebilske, W I., 513 Shedler, J., 598 Sheeran, P., 414 Sheets, V., 448 Sheline, Y I., 571 Shen, B J., 517, 524 Shepard, G M., 105 Shepard, R N., 308, 309 Sherif, M., 426, 427, 428 Sherman, D K., 522 Sherwin, B B., 196 Shi, J., 578–579 Shields, M., 522 Shiffrin, R M., 291 Shiffrin, R W., 271 Shim, R S., 592 Shimoff, E., 250 Shin, L M., 560 Shiner, R L., 480 Shinskey, J L., 367 Shintani, T., 188 Shiraev, E., 380 Shneidman, E S., 569 Shoda, Y., 480 Shoham, V., 610, 617 Short, M A., 131, 535 Shovar, N., 421 Shreeram, S., 143 Shtyrov, Y., 66 Shulman, S., 398 Shults, J., 622 Sicotte, N., 193 Siebert, E R., 381 Siegel, J M., 138, 141 Siegel, S., 151, 159 Sierra, M., 562 Siever, L J., 583 Signorielli, N., 383 Silk, K R., 613 Silva, C E., 146 Silva, P., 342 Silver, R C., 508 Silvia, P J., 316 Sim, H., 509 Sim, S., 361 Simão, C P., 212 Simion, F., 364 Simmler, L D., 162 Simoda, S., 298 Simon, H A., 274, 316 Simon, T., 329 Simpson, G., 426 Simpson, J A., 377 Sin, N L., 536 Sinclair, S., 89 Singer, Jerome, 209 Siniatchkin, M., 228 Sinnott, J D., 391 Sio, U N., 317 Skelton, C., 382 Skinner, B F., 244, 247, 252, 257 Skinner, M D., 605 Skodol, A E., 552 Slade, L., 367 Sladek, M., 132 Slameka, N J., 293 Slattery, M L., 535 Slavich, G M., 517 Slavin-Mulford, J., 598 Sloan, R P., 523 Slotema, C W., 624 Slovic, P., 321 Small, B J., 480 Smet, P F., 94 Smetana, J G., 396 Smillie, L D., 477 Smith, C., 138 Smith, C A., 664 Smith, C J., 619 Smith, C T., 131, 137 Smith, D E., 192 Smith, J D., 312 Smith, J W., 239 Smith, M C., 234, 519 Smith, P B., 436 Smith, P C., 662 Smith, P N., 608 Smith, R E., 518 Smith, R L., 382 Smith, S J., 454 Smith, S L., 383 Smith, S M., 151, 276 Smith, T B., 522, 616 Smith, T L., 156 Smith, T W., 525, 526 Smits, J A., 610 Smolensky, M., 136 Smoski, M J., 615 Smyth, J M., 386 Snarey, J., 373 Snowden, L R., 576 Snyder, A L., 438 Snyder, C R., 616 Snyder, L A., 422 Sobel, N., 106 Sogon, S., 436 Sohail, N., 506 Solberg, E E., 524 Solberg, L., 21 Soleimani, M., 358 Soloff, P H., 569, 583 Solomon, H., 454 Solomon, J., 376 Solomon, L Z., 454 Solorzano, L., 616 Somers, V K., 138 Somerville, L H., 390 Sommer, W., 212 Song, Q H., 522 Soper, B., 179 Soussignan, R., 208 Sowell, E R., 386 Soyka, M., 156 Spanos, N P., 146, 148 Spanou, E E., 191 Spearman, C., 333 Spence, R T., 161 Spencer, J A., 189 Spengler, M., 479 Spera, C., 381 Spiegel, D., 563 Spiegler, M D., 484 Spiers, H J., 65, 66 Spina, R., 430 Spinath, F M., 479 Spiro, A., III, 480 Sporer, S L., 416 Spriggs, M., 617 Spuhl, S T., 371 Sputa, C L., 381 Squire, L R., 287, 298 Srinivasan, L., 24 Srivastava, S., 480 Stacey, D., 155 Staff, L H E., 137 Stahl, S M., 154, 579, 620, 621 Stalder, D R., 420 Stanley, S M., 397, 412 Stanovich, K E., 321 Stanton, J L., 415 Starks, M T., 203 Starr, C., 50 Stasio, M J., 159 Stawski, R S., 388 Stear, S., 522 Steel, B., 382 Steele, C M., 423, 424 Steffens, M C., 425 Stefflre, V., 328 Stein, M B., 556 Steinberg, L., 378, 400 Steiner, M., 358, 573–574 Steinhausen, H C., 193 Steinhauser, C., 46 Steinmetz, H., 69 Steketee, G., 557 Stellar, E., 183 Stenblom, E., 182 Stephan, K E., 68 Stephens, C E., 248 Stephens, N M., 422 Steptoe, A., 524, 536 Steriade, M., 131 Sterk, C E., 161 Stern, K N., 107, 196 Stern, S L., 527 Sternberg, R J., 316, 333, 335, 340 Stevens, A., 309 Stewart, G L., 659 Stewart, J A., 622 Stewart, R., 656 St-Hilaire, A., 580 Stickgold, R., 131, 140 Stiles, W B., 601 Stillman, R D., 323 Stine-Morrow, E A., 392 Stoel-Gammon, C., 323 Stone, E F., 662 Stone, J M., 579 Storms, G., 313 Storms, M D., 420 Stout, M., 582 Strassberg, D S., 201 Strassberg, Z., 252 Straus, M A., 253 Strickland, B R., 484 Stright, A D., 378 Stroebe, M., 404 Stromquist, N P., 382 Stroup, T S., 575 Stuart, S P., 614 Stunkard, A J., 187 Stuss, D T., 285 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 149, 151, 156, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164, 530, 546, 547, 569, 595, 613 Suegami, T., 69 Summerfield, C., 117 Summers, M J., 281 Sumova, A., 132 Sun, D., 579 Sun, R., 317 Sunar, D., 417 Sundin, J., 558 Super, D E., 400 Sussman, S., 613 Sutin, A R., 536 Suzuki, K., 181, 185 Swanson, L M., 136 Swartz, C., 625 Sweet, T., 203 Swinson, J., 382 Symons, C S., 291 Sysoeva, O V., 448 Szasz, T S., 552 Szentirmai, E., 130 Szkrybalo, J., 380 Tacikowski, P., 69 Tager-Flusberg, H., 324 Taggart, R., 50 Taghavi, M R., 608 Tajfel, H., 426 Takano, Y., 436 Tallot, L., 234 Tamborini, R., 422, 450 Tamis-Lemonda, C S., 361 Tamkins, M M., 658 Tamres, L K., 518 Tan, M., 143 Tanaka, J W., 311 Tang, Y Y., 524 Tanguy, S., 229 Tanner-Smith, E E., 385 Taormina, R J., 179 Tashkin, D P., 163 Tata, D A., 66 Taurah, L., 161 Taylor, C B., 617 Taylor, D J., 135 Taylor, E J., 523 Taylor, H., 509 Taylor, J H., 373 Taylor, M G., 382 Taylor, S E., 418, 422, 502, 516, 522, 573 Taylor, S M., 625 Taylor, S R., 137 Taylor, T J., 326 Teachman, B A., 617 Teachman, J D., 399 Teasdale, J D., 293, 610 Tegolo, D., 274 Teicher, M H., 449 Teitelbaum, P., 183 Teixeira, P J., 178 Tejada-Vera, B., 568 Tenenbaum, H R., 381 Terhune, D B., 146 Terman, L M., 329 Terracciano, A., 479, 480 Terry, D J., 521 Tesarz, J., 616 Tessner, K., 578–579 Teyber, E., 616 Thase, M E., 571 Thebarge, R W., 516 Theodore, G., 620 Thomas, A., 375, 378 Thomas, A R., 616 Thomas, C P., 158 Thomas, H D C., 659 Thomas, K M., 386 Thombs, D L., 159 Thompson, L., 419 Thompson, M., 477 Thompson, P M., 360, 386 Thoresen, C E., 523 Thorndike, E L., 241, 242 Thornhill, R., 196 Thorpy, M., 141 Thurber, C A., 376 Thurstone, L L., 661 Tiedemann, J., 382 Tienari, P., 578 Till, B D., 412 Tobin, K E., 454 Tohidian, I., 325 Tolbert, R., 161 Toledo, M., 397 Tolin, D F., 557, 558, 603 Tomaka, J., 519 Tomasello, M., 371 Tomasi, D., 69 Tondo, L., 623 Tonnesen, H., 605 Tooby, J., 321 Topolinski, S., 430 Torgersen, S., 583 Tormala, Z L., 416 Torres, L., 509 Torrey, E F., 578–579 Tosi, H., 506 Touyz, S W., 192 Town, J., 598 Trafimow, D., 421 Tramoni, E., 286 Tranel, D., 64 Trautwein, U., 480 Treasure, J., 193 Tremblay, A A., 183 Tremblay, R E., 448 Triandis, H C., 420, 444 Trimble, M., 571 Triplett, N., 438 Tripp, A., 571 Troisi, J R., II, 240 Tropp, L R., 427 Troxel, W M., 397–398 Troy, A S., 520 Trull, T J., 552 Tryon, W W., 604 Trzepacz, P T., 449 Tsapelas, I., 397 Tucker, M A., 137 Tucker-Drob, E M., 356 Tuerk, P W., 617 Tullett, A M., 523 Tulving, E., 285, 291, 293 Turati, C., 364 Turner, A J., 211 Turner, C W., 201 Turner, J A., 610 Turner, P J., 382 Turner, T J., 212 Tversky, A., 319, 320, 321 Twenge, J M., 444, 547 Tylka, T L., 185 Uchino, B N., 522 Ultan, R., 326 Umberson, D., 399 Ünal, A., 177 UNICEF, 395 University of Michigan, 160 Unterwald, E M., 160 Updegraff, J A., 508 Ursano, R J., 558 U.S Census Bureau, 11, 31, 396, 398, 399 U.S Department of Agriculture, 399 U.S Department of Energy, 338 Utmann, J G A., 323 Uyeyama, R J., 327 Uzelac, S M., 390 Valensi, P., 184 Valenzuela, M., 245 Valli, K., 140 van Apeldoorn, F J., 622 Vance, E B., 198 van den Boom, D C., 478 Van den Bulck, J., 141 van der Helm, E., 138 van der Kloet, D., 564 van der Molen, M W., 131 van der Straten, A., 532 VandeVusse, L., 147 Vandrey, R G., 163 van Dulmen, M., 396 Van Goozen, S., 448 van Goozen, S H M., 583 Van Heteren, C F., 227 Van Hiel, A., 425 van Hooren, S A., 392 van Ijzendoom, M H., 377 Vanini, G., 63 van Laar, M., 619 Vanpaemel, W., 313 Van Pay, C K., 328 vanReekum, C., 210 van Solinge, H., 401 van Stavel, R., 522 vanTol, H M., 619 Varley, C K., 619 Vartanian, O., 316, 317 Vasquez, M J., 616 Vassallo, S., 97 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Name Index Venkatesh, K., 533 Ventura, J., 580 Venturelli, P J., 163 Verbaten, M., 619 Vergne, D E., 572 Verkhratsky, A., 183 Viechtbauer, W., 479, 480 Vieta, E., 622 Vigezzi, P., 158 Vignovic, J A., 419 Villafuerte, S., 479 Viswesvaran, C., 653 Vitaliano, P P., 517 Vitousek, K M., 191 Volkerts, E., 619 Volkow, N D., 69, 160, 163 Vollrath, M., 193 Volterra, A., 46 von Allmen, D., 274 von Gontard, A., 143 Voorspoels, W., 313 Voss, J L., 364 Vygotsky, L S., 325, 370 Vytal, K., 212 Wadden, T A., 187 Wade, N J., 96 Wade, T D., 191, 192 Wagner, B., 617 Wagner, G C., 448 Wagner, M L., 138 Wagner, N N., 198 Wahlberg, K E., 578 Wahlsten, D., 356 Waite, L J., 398 Walak, J., 229 Waldeck, J H., 657 Waldron-Hennessey, R., 399 Walk, Richard, 364 Walker, B R., 63 Walker, C E., 143 Walker, E., 578–579, 580 Walker, L J., 373, 374 Walker, M P., 131, 138 Walker, W R., 562 Wallace, G., 573 Wallace, J., 570 Wallace, M D., 238 Wallen, K., 381 Waller, E M., 574 Wallis, C., 28, 529 Walsh, B T., 193 Walsh, C M., 131 Walster, E., 431, 432 Walters, S T., 161 Walton, K E., 479, 480 Waltz, J., 190 Wampold, B E., 616 Wan, C S., 391 Wang, E., 359 Wang, J., 516 Wang, P S., 567, 595 Wang, S., 509 Wang, S H., 367 Wang, Y., 117 Wanner, H E., 283 Wanous, J P., 655 Warburton, D M., 158 Ward, E V., 270 Ward, L M., 109 Warner, R., 382 Warner, T D., 378 Warren, M P., 385 Warwar, S., 613 Waschbusch, D A., 528 Wasserman, E A., 234 Wasserman, G S., 94 Watanabe, H., 436 Watson, J B., 235, 236 Watson, J C., 616 Watts, B V., 616 Weaver, A J., 450 Webb, C A., 616 Webb, F J., 397 Webb, W B., 131, 132 Weber, E U., 390 Webster Marketon, J I., 516 Wechsler, D., 330 Weems, C F., 508 Weener, E F., 320 Wegener, D T., 415, 417 Wei, Q., 624 Weidenmayer, C P., 66 Weinberg, M S., 204 Weinshenker, D., 239 Weinstein, S., 579 Weisberg, Y J., 480 Weiss, A., 526 Weiss, W., 416 Weissman, M M., 568 Welch, S S., 568 Welford, A T., 99 Welles, S L., 203 Wells, D L., 164 Wells, G L., 111 Wells-Parker, E., 151 Welte, J W., 155 Wentzel, K R., 381 Wertheimer, M., 115 Wesner, K A., 573 West, R F., 321 West, S G., 18 Westen, D., 471, 614, 615 Westerman, D L., 310 Westermeyer, J F., 394 Wetter, D W., 530 Wever, E G., 101 Weyant, J M., 440 Wheeler, D S., 234 Wheeler, J., 120 Wheeler, M A., 285, 286 Whipple, B., 197 Whisman, M A., 15 Whitbourne, S K., 387, 388 White, B., 430 White, L K., 400 White, P., 147 White, T M., 616 Whitton, S W., 15 Whorf, B L., 325 Wicherski, M., 4, 31 Wickelgren, I., 163 Widick, P., 69 Widiger, T A., 552, 558 Wiebe, J S., 519 Wiechman Askay, S., 147 Wieneke, K., 430 Wiggins, J S., 481 Wijdicks, E F M., 62 Wilcox, T., 97 Wiley, E., 324 Wilhelm, F H., 520 Williams, D R., 567 Williams, J A., 132 Williams, J M., 160 Williams, K N., 535 Williams, L M., 583 Williams, N A., 132 Williams, P M., 191 Williams-Keeler, L., 613 Willis, H., 426 Willis, S L., 391 Willyard, C., 31 Wilson, A E., 119 Wilson, G S., 524 Wilson, G T., 191 Wilson, R S., 392 Wilson, T D., 422 Wiltink, J., 187 Wing, Y K., 143 Wingen, M., 161 Wingfield, A., 279 Wingfield, L C., 423 Winocur, G., 298 Winsler, A., 378 Wirtz, D., 537 Wisco, B E., 572 Wise, S M., 326, 327 Wiseman, R., 87 Wiseman, S., 293 Witt, L A., 664 Witt, S D., 382 Wittchen, H U., 560 Wojkiewicz, R A., 381 Wolf, D H., 579 Wolf, E J., 564 Wolfe, J., 558 Wolpe, J., 602 Won, J., 107 Woo, Y S., 623 Wood, J V., 573 Wood, W., 356, 417 Woodman, G F., 275 Woods, D L., 117 Woods, R., 97 Woods, S C., 182 Woods-Giscombé, C L., 381 Woodward, T S., 579 Woodzika, J A., 423 Woollett, K., 65, 66, 298 World Health Organization, 547, 567 Worthy, D A., 391 Wright, I C., 579 Wright, J C., 383 Wrightsman, L S., 394 Wrosch, C., 524 Wu, L., 311 Wyatt, T J., 203 Wynne, L C., 578 Wytykowska, A., 343 Xiao, Y., 117 Xie, J., 624 Xie, T., 55 Xiong, G L., 524 Xiong, Y., 361 Xu, J., 536, 568 Xu, L., 181 Yackinous, C A., 105 Yalom, I D., 600, 611 Yamagata, S., 478 Yamnitz, B., 524 Yan, Z., 11 Yang, C C., 391 Yang, F M., 281 Yang, P Y., 141 Yao, M Z., 245 Yardley, L., 229 Yatham, L N., 625 Yau, K W., 93 Yeomans, M R., 104 749 Yerkes, R M., 176, 423 Yinger, J M., 426 Yokley, J L., 578–579 Yoo, G J., 523 Yoon, C., 293 York, J L., 155 Young, A H., 571, 622 Young, E., 574 Young, H M., 517 Young, J K., 193 Young, K L., 531 Yu, F., 73 Yunker, B D., 336 Yunker, G W., 336 Yurgelun-Todd, D., 163 Zaalberg, R., 205 Zaccaro, S J., 660 Zack, E., 260 Zadina, J E., 157 Zadra, A., 139, 140, 597 Zahn-Waxler, C., 252 Zajonc, R B., 208, 210–211, 430, 432, 438 Zakharia, R., 384 Zaki, S R., 313 Zakowski, S G., 523 Zanarini, M C., 583 Zanna, M P., 413, 425 Zanni, G., 296 Zeamer, C., 290 Zebrowitz, L A., 430 Zee, P C., 134 Zeitzer, J M., 141 Zelenkauskaite, A., 450 Zhang, A Y., 576 Zhang, B., 143 Zhang, J., 517 Zhang, J F., 157 Zhang, Y., 568 Ziegler, D J., 608 Zimbardo, P G., 436–437 Zimmerman, F J., 132 Zimmerman, R., 375 Zinzow, H M., 558 Zisook, S., 622 Zottoli, M A., 655 Zougkou, K., 561 Zuckerman, M., 177, 474, 475 Zvolensky, M J., 549 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Subject Index Note: Page numbers in bold indicate terms defined in the margins abnormal behavior, 546–549 See also mental health disorders absolute threshold, 86 abuse aggression and, 449 dissociative identity disorder and, 563 acceptance stage of dying, 403 accommodation, 91, 366 accommodation phase of grief, 403 acculturative stress, 509 acetylcholine, 54, 57 achievement, need for, 176 acquisition, 238, 246–247 action potentials, 50, 51 activation-synthesis theory, 140 actor/observer bias, 420 actualizing tendency, 485 Adler, Alfred, 470 adolescence and adulthood cognitive development in, 389–392 moral reasoning in, 372, 373 physical development in, 383–388 psychosocial development in, 393–401 adrenal androgens, 77 adrenal cortex, 77 adrenal glands, 77, 196 adrenalin, 514 adrenal medulla, 77 adulthood See adolescence and adulthood; aging adverse life events, 572 aesthetic needs, 179 affect, blunted, in schizophrenia, 578 affective commitment, 663 affective component of emotion, 205 affective heuristic, 321 affiliation, need for, 176 age regression, 147–148 aggression, 252, 447–451 aging brain and, 73–75 death and dying, 402–404 intelligence and, 343, 391–392 memory and, 278–279 personality and, 479–480 sexuality and, 199–200 sleep and, 132 stress and, 509 agoraphobia, 555, 559 agreeableness, 477 Ainsworth, Mary, 376 alarm reaction, 514 alcohol use, 151, 154–157, 239, 530, 634–644 algorithm, 315 all-or-none fashion, 50, 51 all-or-nothing thinking, 609 Allport, Gordon, 472–473, 478 alogia, 578 alternative hypothesis, 643 altruism, 452 American Psychological Association, 20, 594 amnesia, 65, 287–289 amniotic sac, 357 amphetamines, 160–161 amplitude, 89 amygdala, 64, 386, 558 anal-expulsiveness, 469 anal-retentiveness, 469 anal stage, 467–468 analytical intelligence, 335 anandamide, 163 androgens, 77, 196 androgynous, 480 andropause, 388 anger at terminal illness, 402 anima and animus, 470 animal research attachment and, 375 ethical guidelines for, 22 use of language, 326–327 anorexia nervosa, 191–192, 194 anterograde amnesia, 65, 287 antianxiety medications, 618–619, 623 anticonvulsant medications, 623 antidepressant medications, 620–622, 623 antimanic medications, 622–623 antipsychotic medications, 619–620, 623 antisocial personality disorder, 581–583 anvil, 99 anxiety basic anxiety, 470 causes of, 558, 560–562 components of, 553–554 defense mechanisms and, 466–467 medication for, 618–619 perspectives on, 28 symptoms of, 559 systematic desensitization for, 602–604 types of disorders, 555–558 anxiety hierarchy, 603 APA style format for psychological references, aphasia, 68 apparent distance theory, 118 approach-approach conflict, 510–511 approach-avoidance conflict, 511–512 appropriate interactions, 594, 596 approximations, successive, 251 arbitrary inference, 609 archetypes, 470 aripiprazole, 620 arousal theories of motivation, 176–177 of personality, 477 Asch, Solomon, 435 assessment of stress, 513–514 assimilation, 366 association cortex, 71 Ativan, 618–619 attachment, 375–377, 613 attention, 84, 86, 260, 270 attitude-behavior consistency, 413–414 attitudes, 412–417 attitudes at work, 661–663 attraction, 429–433 attribution, 418–421, 573 atypical antipsychotics, 620 audience variables, 416–417 auditory canal, 99 auditory cortex, 73 auditory hallucinations, 577 auditory nerve, 100 authoritarian parents, 377 authoritative parents, 377–378 authority figures, 445 autism spectrum disorders, 64 autobiographical memory, 285 autonomic nervous system, 59–60 autonomous motivation, 177 autonomy versus shame and doubt stage, 379 availability heuristic, 320 aversion therapy, 238, 239, 604–605 aversive racism, 423 avoidance-avoidance conflict, 511 avoidant attachment, 376 avoidant personality disorder, 582 avolition, 578 axon, 48 axon bulb, 48 babbling, 323 bacterial infections, 533, 534 Baek, Hongyong, 350–353, 410–411, 462 Bandura, Albert, 259, 449, 482–483 barbiturates, 157 bargaining stage of dying, 403 basal metabolic rate, 187–188 basic anxiety, 470 basic emotions, 211 basic level category, 311 basilar membrane, 100 bath salts, 162 battle fatigue, 508 Bauby, Jean-Dominique, 41–42, 84–85, 128–129, 213 Baumrind, Diana, 377 Beck, Aaron, 608–609 behavior See also personality disorders abnormal, 546 attitude-behavior consistency, 413–414 changing, and punishment, 252 consequences of, 243 controlling or changing, as goal of psychology, disordered, 577 gender-role, 381–383 health-defeating, 529–534 health-promoting, 534–535 hormones and, 76–77 sexual, and sexual orientation, 201–202 at work, 663–665 behavioral genetics, 478 behavioral intervention technologies, 617 behavioral perspective, 26 behaviorism, 25, 257 behavior modification, 601 behavior therapy, 601–607, 610 Békésy, Georg von, 101 belongingness and love needs, 178–179 Bem, Daryl, 88 Bem, Sandra, 380 benefit-finding, 508 benzodiazepines, 157, 618–619 bereavement, 403–404 BFOQs (bona fide occupational qualifications), 654 biases in attribution, 418–421 Binet, Alfred, 329 binge drinking, 154 binge eating disorder, 192, 193, 194 bingeing, 191 binocular depth cues, 112–113 biological perspective, 24 See also consciousness; emotion; motivation; neuroscience; perception; sensation on aggression, 448–449 on anxiety disorders, 558, 560 on lust, love, and romance, 432–433 on memory, 297–299 on mental health disorders, 548 on mood disorders, 570–571 on psychoactive drugs, 151 on schizophrenia, 578–580 on stress response, 514–516 on temperament, 374–375 biological preparedness, 237 biomedical therapy, 592, 618–626 biopsychology, 29 biopsychosocial approach, 537, 549 bipolar disorder, 567, 570, 622–623 birth defects, 358 bisexuals, 201 blastocyst, 357 blindspot, 91–92 blood alcohol concentrations, 155 blunted affect, 578 Bobo doll experiments, 259–260, 449 body mass index, 186 body senses, 109–110 bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs), 654 boomerang generation, 400 borderline personality disorder, 582, 583 bottom-up perceptual processing, 111–112 brain See also nervous system in adolescence and adulthood, 385–387 aging and, 73–75 auditory pathways of, 100–102 central nervous system, 61–69 endocrine system, 76–77 habituation and, 227–228 hunger regulation in, 183–185 in infancy and childhood, 360–361 memory and, 297–299 mood disorders and structures of, 571 neurons in, 46–53 neurotransmitters in, 53–57 schizophrenia and structures of, 579 specialization of function in, 71–73 split, 69–70 technologies for studying, 74–75 visual pathways of, 96–98 brainstem, 61 brain stimulation, 75 brightness, 89–90, 112 Broca’s aphasia, 68 Broca’s area, 68 Brodmann’s area 25, 571 Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, 31 bulimia nervosa, 191, 194 buspirone, 619 buyer’s remorse, 512 bystander effect, 453 caffeine, 158–159 California Psychological Inventory (CPI), 489–490 Calkins, Mary, 30 cancer and stress, 517 can-do factors, 656 Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, 206, 207 cardinal traits, 473 career development, 400–401 carpal tunnel syndrome, 531 case study, 12, 19 cataplexy, 141 catastrophes and stress, 508 catatonic excitement, 577 catatonic stupor, 577 categories, organization of concepts into, 311–313 cathinones, 162 CAT scan (computerized axial tomography), 74 750 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Subject Index Cattell, Raymond, 333–334, 337, 473, 476, 478 causal hypothesis, 10 causes, cell body, 46, 47 central executive, 281 central nervous system (CNS), 58 cortex, 67–75 forebrain, 63–67 hindbrain, 62–63 midbrain, 63 overview, 61–62 central route to persuasion, 415–416 central traits, 473 centration, 368 cerebellum, 62, 63 cerebral cortex, 63, 67–75 cerebral hemispheres, 63 chakras, 23–24 challenge, appraisal of, 513 “chemistry” of attraction, 432–433 chemotherapy and taste aversion, 240 childhood See infancy and childhood childhood abuse aggression and, 449 dissociative identity disorder and, 563 chlamydia, 533, 534 chlorpromazine, 619 cholecystokinin, 182 chronotype, 133 chunking, 274 cigarette smoking, 159, 530 circadian rhythm, 134–136, 187 Clark, Kenneth, 31 Clark, Mamie Phipps, 31 classical conditioning, 233 applications of, 234–237 elements of, 230, 232–233 extinction of, 238, 240 factors affecting, 233–234 Pavlov and, 229–230 of prejudice, 424 in therapy, 602–605 US-UR pairs, 231 classrooms gender bias in, 382 jigsaw, 428–429 client-centered therapy, 599–601 clinical interview, 491–492 clinical psychologist, 593 clinical psychology, 29 closure, 116 clozapine, 579 club drugs, 161 CNS See central nervous system cocaine, 160 cochlea, 100 cochlear duct, 100 cognition, 27, 220, 308 See also thinking attitude change and, 415–416 emotion and, 210–211 happiness and, 536 learning and, 256–258 observational learning and, 260–261 cognitive appraisal, 210, 513–514 cognitive-behavior therapy, 610 cognitive consistency, 414–415 cognitive development in adolescence and adulthood, 389–392 in infancy and childhood, 363–374 cognitive distortions, 572, 608–609 cognitive map, 258 cognitive-mediational theory of emotion, 209–210 cognitive misers, 418 cognitive needs, 179 cognitive neoassociation theory, 449–450 cognitive perspective, 27 on anxiety disorders, 561 on mental health disorders, 548 cognitive psychology, 29 cognitive reappraisal, 520 cognitive therapy, 607–610, 608, 610 cohabitation, 396–397 cohesiveness, 435 collective unconscious, 470 collectivistic culture, 419–420 color blindness, 95 color vision, 94–96 communication of emotions, 211–212 communicator variables, 416 community psychology, 29 comorbid, 554, 615 companionate love, 432 competent treatment, 594 competing responses, 602 compliance, 440–442 compulsion, 556–557 computerized axial tomography (CAT scan), 74 computer vision syndrome, 531 concepts, 284, 310–313 concern for others, 446–447 conclusions, use of statistics to draw, 643–644 concordance rate, 204 concrete operations stage, 366, 369–370 concussions, 288–289 conditioned response (CR), 232 conditioned stimulus (CS), 232 cones, 92–93 confederates, 209, 435 confidentiality, 21, 594 conflict, 510–512 conformity, 435–437 confounding variable, 17 confrontation phase of grief, 403 conscientiousness, 477 conscious level of awareness, 464 consciousness, 128, 130, 270 See also psychoactive drugs circadian rhythm, 134–136 dreaming, 139–140 hypnosis, 145–148 sleep, 130–133, 136–139, 143–144 sleep disorders, 140–143 consequences, 26, 243 conservation, 368, 369 consonance, 415 constructive memory, 296 contact hypothesis, 427–429 context and forgetting, 293 contiguity, 234 contingency, 234 continuance commitment, 663 continuity hypothesis, 139 continuous reinforcement, 247 contralateral, 68 control group, 16 controlled motivation, 177 conventional level of moral reasoning, 372, 373 convergence, 363 conversation, norms governing, 434 conversion disorder, 564 cooing, 323 cooperative contact, 427 coping, 518 emotion-focused, 519–521 problem-focused, 519 stress management for, 522–525 cornea, 90–91 corpus callosum, 69 correlation, 13–15, 19 correlation coefficient, 14, 640–642, 643 cortex, 67-75 corticosteroids, 514 Costa, Paul, 477–478 counseling psychologist, 593 counseling psychology, 29 counterproductive behaviors, 664 couple therapist, 593 couple therapy, 613 covert sensitization, 605 CPI (California Psychological Inventory), 489–490 CR (conditioned response), 232 crack cocaine, 160 creative intelligence, 336 creativity, 316–317 critical thinking, cross-cultural psychology, 29 crystallization phase of career development, 400 crystallized intelligence, 333–334, 392 CS (conditioned stimulus), 232 cubital tunnel syndrome, 531 cue-dependent forgetting, 293, 294 cultural bias, 332 culturally sensitive treatment, 594, 616 culture abnormal behavior and, 546 alcohol effects and, 156 anxiety disorders and, 561–562 attachment and, 377 conformity and, 436 drug use and, 151 eating disorders and, 192 emotional expression and, 211–212 food preferences and, 104–105 function of language in, 325 fundamental attribution error and, 419–420 happiness and, 536–537 homosexuality and, 202, 203 norms of conversation and, 434 obesity and, 188 organizational, 657–658 perception and, 120 personality and, 479–480 psychosocial development and, 378–380 punishment and, 253 sleep and, 144 therapy and, 594, 616 weight-based prejudice and, 190 cybertherapy, 617 cycle, 98 cyclothymic disorder, 570 daily hassles, 508–509 dark adaptation, 93–94 data, 633 See also statistics distribution of, 638–639 visual depictions of, 634–636 date rape drug, 157 dating, 396 death leading causes of, 529 reactions to, 402–404 by suicide, 568–569 debriefing, 21–22, 436 decay theory, 292, 294 deceleration phase of career development, 401 deception in research, 21 decibels, 98 decision making, 319 declarative memory, 284–285 deductive reasoning, 318–319 deep sleep, 137 defense mechanisms, 466–467, 520–521 deindividuation, 437 delusions, 566, 577 dendrites, 46, 47 denial of terminal illness, 402 dependent personality disorder, 582 dependent variable, 15, 615 depressants, 151, 154–157 depressive disorders death, dying, and, 403 medication for, 620–622 noninvasive brain stimulation procedures for, 624–625 overview, 566–567 depth perception, 112–115, 364 dermis, 108 description, descriptive statistics, 636 despair, 395 destructive obedience, 442–444 development, 350, 354, 356 See also cognitive development; physical development; psychosocial development nature-nurture debate and, 356–357 prenatal, 357–360 psychosexual stages of, 467–469 schizophrenia and, 580 developmental psychology, 29 diagnosis, 492, 552 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 194, 202, 550–553 751 Diener, Ed, 28 diet/dieting, 188–189, 535 difficult infants, 375 diffusion of responsibility, 453 direct observation, 490–491 discrimination hiring process and, 654–655 in operant conditioning, 250–251 social-class, 509 stereotypes, prejudice, and, 422–423 dishabituation, 228 disidentification, 424 disordered behavior, 577 disorganized/disoriented attachment, 376–377 disorganized speech, 577 display rules, 212 disqualifying positive, 609 dissociative disorder, 562–564 dissociative identity disorder, 563–564 dissociative-PTSD subtype, 564 dissonance theory, 415 distraction and memory, 275 distress and abnormal behavior, 546 distributed practice, 290 divergent thinking, 317 diversity and personality, 479–480 Diving Bell and the Butterfly, The (Bauby), 42, 43 divorce, 398 DNA, 46 doctoral degrees in psychology, 32 Dodo bird verdict, 614 door-in-the-face compliance, 441 dopamine, 54, 57, 182, 196 dopamine receptor gene, 479 double-blind study, 16 Down syndrome, 358 dream analysis, 139, 597 dreaming, 139–140 drive, 174 drive reduction theory, 174–176 driving and texting, 531 drugs See medication; psychoactive drugs DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), 194, 202, 550–553 dual coding system, 274 dualistic thinking, 391 duplicity theory, 101–102 dysfunction and abnormal behavior, 546 dysthymia, 566–567 ear, anatomy and function of, 99–100 eardrum, 99 easy infants, 375 eating cues for, 185 losing weight, 188–189 obesity epidemic, 186–188 eating disorders, 190–194 echoic memory, 272 eclectic (therapy) approach, 28, 615 Ecstasy (MDMA), 55, 161 ECT (electroconvulsive therapy), 624–625 educational psychology, 29 education in psychology, 32–33 EEG (electroencephalogram) technology, 75, 136 ego, 465–466 egocentrism, 368, 390 e-health interventions, 617 elaborative rehearsal, 276, 291 Elavil, 620 Electra complex, 468 electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 624–625 electroencephalogram (EEG) technology, 75, 136 electromagnetic spectrum, 89 Ellis, Albert, 607–608 embryonic stage, 357, 359 EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) therapy, 615–616 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 752 Subject Index emerging adulthood, 395 emotion, 205–212 punishment and, 252–253 reactions to death and dying, 402–403 emotional coping mechanisms, 466 emotional eating, 185, 189 emotional intelligence, 336 emotionally focused therapy, 613 emotional reasoning, 609 emotional responses, classical conditioning of, 235–236 emotional stability, 473, 476 emotion-focused coping, 519–521 empathy, 600 employees hiring, 652–656 job satisfaction, 661–665 recruitment of, 655–656 socializing, 657–661 empty nest, 400 encoding, 270 encoding specificity principle, 293 endocannabinoids, 188 endocrine glands, 76 endocrine system, 55, 76–77 endorphins, 56, 57 enuresis, 143 environment focus on, 25–26 noise in, 99 personality and, 480–481 schizophrenia and, 580 sleep and, 132 environmental psychology, 29 enzymes, 52 epidermis, 108–109 episodic memory, 137, 284–286 Erikson, Erik, 378–380, 393–395 erogenous zones, 197, 467 establishment phase of career development, 401 esteem needs, 179 estrogens, 54, 77, 195 estrus, 195–196 ethical guidelines for animal research, 22 for participants, 20–22 for psychotherapists, 593–594, 596 ethic of care, 372, 373–374 ethnicity See also culture depression and, 567 drug use and, 149 eating disorders and, 192 field of psychology and, 30–31 intelligence and, 340–341 mental health service use and, 595 schizophrenia and, 576 sleep and, 144 stress and, 509 suicide and, 568 evolution, 24 evolutionary perspective, 24 excitation, 51 excitement phase, 197 exemplar, 312–313 exercise, 522, 535 exergames, 245 exhaustion stage of GAS, 515–516 experiment, 15–18, 19 experimental group, 15–16 experimental psychology, 29 explanations, explicit memory, 270 external locus of control, 483–484 extinction, 238 of classically conditioned responses, 238, 240 flooding and, 604 learned helplessness and, 527 in operant conditioning, 246–247 in therapy, 606 extinction burst, 246 extrasensory perception, 87–88 extraversion, 470, 473, 477–478 extrinsic motivation, 177–178 eye adaptation to light and dark, 93–94 color vision, 94–96 outer, anatomy of, 90–91 retina, 91–93 eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, 615–616 eyewitness memory, 296–297 Eysenck, Hans, 473, 476–477, 478 facial expression of emotion, 211–212 facial feedback hypothesis, 207–208 false memories, 294 family therapist, 593 family therapy, 612–613 feature detection theory, 116–117 fetal alcohol syndrome, 154, 358 fetal stage, 357–358, 359 fight-or-flight response, 60, 227 figure-ground, 115 fine motor skills, 362 first-order classical conditioning, 235 five factor theory, 477–478 fixations, 469 fixed interval schedule, 249–250 fixed ratio schedule, 248 flashbulb memory, 295 flehmen, 107 flooding, 604 fluid intelligence, 73, 333–334, 343, 391 fMRI (functional MRI), 75 food preferences, 104–105 foot-in-the-door compliance, 440–441 forebrain, 61, 63–67 forensic psychology, 29 forgetting, 292–294 forgetting curve, 276 form, perception of, 115–117 formal concept, 311–313 formal operations stage, 366, 370, 389–391 formal thought disorder, 577 framing of problem, 319 fraternal birth order effect, 204 fraternal twins, 339 free association, 25, 597 frequency, 98 frequency distribution, 635 frequency polygon, 635 frequency theory, 101, 102 Freud, Sigmund contributions and criticisms of, 471–472 defense mechanisms, 520 interpretation of dreams, 139 levels of awareness, 464 psychoanalysis and, 596–597 psychosexual stages of development, 467–469 structure of personality, 464–467 unconscious and, 24–25 Freudian slips, 466 Friedman, Arthur, 650, 658, 659, 665 frontal lobe, 67, 71, 579 frustration-aggression hypothesis, 451 functional fixedness, 317 functionalism, 24 functional MRI (fMRI), 75 fundamental attribution error, 419–420 fusiform gyrus, 108 g (general intelligence), 333 GABA (gamma amino butyric acid), 55–56, 57, 154 GAD (generalized anxiety disorder), 554–555, 559 Gage, Phineas, 71 Galton, Francis, 328–329 gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), 55–56, 57, 154 ganglion cells, 91 Ganzfeld procedure, 87 Gardner, Howard, 334, 335, 337 GAS (general adaptation syndrome), 514–516 gastric bypass surgery, 189 gender anxiety disorders and, 561–562 autobiographical memory and, 285 brain lateralization and, 69 color blindness and, 96 concussions and, 288 coping and, 518 defined, 203 depression and, 567 eating disorders and, 191–192 emotional expression and, 212 emotional regulation and, 210 field of psychology and, 30–31 intelligence and, 341–343 marital satisfaction and, 397–398 mental health disorders and, 547 mood disorders and, 573–575 personality and, 479–480 reproductive capacity and, 388 schizophrenia and, 576 self-image, puberty, and, 385 sexuality and, 199–200 sexual response cycle and, 197–198 sleep and, 143 stress and, 509 stress response and, 516 suicide and, 568–569 taste and, 105 vision and, 97–98 gender bias, 382 gender permanence, 380 gender-role behavior, 381–383 gender roles, 380 gender-schema theory, 380–381 general adaptation syndrome (GAS), 514–516 general intelligence (g), 333 generalizability, 12 generalization, 250–251 generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 554–555, 559 generativity versus stagnation stage, 394–395 genes, 338 genetics alcohol effects and, 155–156 anorexia and, 193 anxiety disorders and, 560 intelligence and, 339–340 migraine headache and, 228 mood disorders and, 570 personality and, 478–479 schizophrenia and, 578–579 sleep and, 132 genital herpes, 533, 534 genital stage, 468–469 genital warts, 533 genotype, 338 Genovese murder, 452 genuineness, 600 germinal stage, 357 Gestalt approach, 115–116 ghrelin, 181 Gilligan, Carol, 373–374 glia, 46 Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children, 253 glucoreceptors, 183 glucose, 181 glutamate, 56, 57, 164, 579 glycogen, 181 Goleman, Daniel, 336, 337 gonads, 77 gonorrhea, 533, 534 good continuation, 116, 117, 117 Goodnight, Jim, 659–660 Gordon, Emily Fox, 498–501, 502–503 grammar, 324 grandiose delusions, 577 grand mal seizure, 69 graphs, 634–636 grief, 403–404 gross motor skills, 362 group influence, 433–439 group therapy, 611–613 groupthink, 438–439 guessing, as heuristic, 315 guided imagery, 523 gustation, 103 habituation, 227–229 hair cells, 100 Haldol, 619 hallucinations, 566, 577 hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, 165 hallucinogens, 163–165 hammer, 99 happiness and well-being, 536–537 haptic memory, 272 hardy personality, 528 Harlow, Harry, 375 harm, appraisal of, 513 hate crimes, 203 health alcohol use and, 154 lifestyle, well-being, and, 529–537 personality and, 525–528 health-defeating behaviors, 529–534 health-promoting behaviors, 534–535 health psychology, 29, 498, 502, 504 See also personality hearing, 98–102, 364–365 helping behavior, 452, 453–454 heritability, 339 See also genetics heterosexuals, 201 heuristic, 315 in attributions, 418–421 in judgments, 320–321 hierarchy of needs, 178–179, 485 higher-order classical conditioning, 235 high glycemic foods, 182 Hilgard, Ernest, 146 hindbrain, 61, 62–63 hippocampus, 65 hiring process, 652–656 histogram, 635 histrionic personality disorder, 582 HIV/AIDS, 533, 534 hoarding disorder, 557, 559 Holmes, Thomas, 504–506 homeostasis, 66–67, 175 homophobia, 203 homosexuals, 201 homunculus, 71 hormones depression and, 571, 573–574 endocrine system and, 76–77 puberty and, 384 sexual desire and, 195–196 Horney, Karen, 30, 470–471 hostile aggression, 447 HPV (human papilloma virus), 533, 534 hue, 89–90 human development See development human factors psychology, 30 Human Genome Project, 338 humanism, 27 humanistic perspective, 27 on mental health disorders, 548 on personality, 485–487 humanistic therapy, 599–601, 610 human papilloma virus (HPV), 533, 534 hunger cues and, 185 feedback from body, 181–182 losing weight, 188–189 mechanisms of, 184 obesity epidemic, 186–188 origins of, 180 regulation of in brain, 183–185 hypervigilance, 557 hypnosis, 145–148 hypnotic susceptibility, 145 hypochondriasis, 564 hypothalamus, 66–67 hypothesis, 8, 10 iconic memory, 272 id, 465–466 idealism of youth, 389 identical twins, 339 identity versus role confusion stage, 393–394 illness anxiety disorder, 564–565 illogical thinking, 368–369 ill-structured problems, 315–316 imaginary audience, 390 immune system and stress, 516–518 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Subject Index immunosuppression, 516 impact phase of grief, 403 implicit memory, 270 impression formation, 417–421 incentive, 177 incubation, 317 independent variable, 15, 615 individualistic culture, 419–420 individual psychotherapy, 611 inductive reasoning, 318–319 industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology employee satisfaction, 661–665 hiring process, 652–656 overview, 30, 649–650 role of work in life, 651–652 socializing employees, 657–661 types of jobs, 652 industry versus inferiority stage, 379–380 infancy and childhood cognitive development in, 363–374 language learning in, 323–325 moral reasoning in, 372, 373 motor milestones in, 362 physical development in, 360–363 psychosocial development in, 374–383 inferential statistics, 643 inferiority complex, 470 informational conformity, 436 informed consent, 20, 594 in-group bias, 426 inhibition, 51 initiative versus guilt stage, 379 inner ear, 99 insight, 257, 316, 596 insomnia, 140–141 instincts, 174 Institutional Review Board (IRB), 20 instrumental aggression, 447 insulin, 182 integrity versus despair stage, 395 intelligence, 328 aging and, 391–392 diversity in, 339–343 measuring, 328–333 nature, nurture, and, 337–339 nature of, 333–336 intelligence quotient (IQ), 329 interactionism, 338, 340 intergroup dynamics and prejudice, 425–427 internal locus of control, 483 interneurons, 59 interpersonal therapy, 598 interpretation of life events, 607–608 in psychoanalysis, 597 interval schedule of reinforcement, 249–250 intimacy versus isolation stage, 394 intrapsychic conflicts, 467 intrinsic motivation, 177–178 introspection, 23 introversion, 470, 473, 477–478 intuition, 315–316 intuitive eating, 185, 189 in vivo exposure, 603 I/O psychology See industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology ions, 49 IQ (intelligence quotient), 329 IRB (Institutional Review Board), 20 iris, 90 irrational beliefs and assumptions, 608 isolation, 394 James, William, 24 James-Lange theory of emotion, 206–207 jet lag, 135 jigsaw classroom, 428–429 job analysis, 653 jobs See also work prestige of, 651 types of, 652 job satisfaction, 661–663 job withdrawal, 664 Jones, Gilbert Haven, 30 Jones, Mary Cover, 602 judgment, 319–321 Jung, Carl, 469–470 just noticeable difference, 86–87 kinesthesis, 109 knowledge, 308 Kohlberg, Lawrence, 372–373 Köhler, Wolfgang, 257 Korsakoff’s syndrome, 154 K2, 164 Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth, 402 labeling, 609 Ladd-Franklin, Christine, 30 language, 322 acquisition of, 322–325 animals and, 326–327 function of, 325, 328 language acquisition device, 322 latency stage, 468 latent content of dreams, 139, 597 latent learning, 257–258 lateral hypothalamus, 183 laughter and stress, 524 law of effect, 241–243, 242 Lazarus cognitive-mediational theory of emotion, 209–210 leadership, 659–660 learned helplessness, 527–528, 572 learning, 220, 226 See also classical conditioning; operant conditioning acquiring attitudes through, 412–413 aggression and, 449–451 alcohol effects and, 156 anxiety disorders and, 560–561 cognition and, 256–258 dishabituation, 228 observational, 258–261 orienting reflexes and habituation, 226–229 of prejudice, 424–425 legal issues in hiring, 654–655 lens, 91 leptin, 182 levels-of-processing model, 277 Lexapro, 622 libido, 195 licensed professional counselor, 593 licensed social worker, 593 life change unit, 504 life events early adverse, 572 stress and, 504–507 light adaptation to, 93–94 colors of, 94 measurement and properties of, 89–90 light adaptation, 93–94 limbic system, 63, 64–66 linguistic relativity hypothesis, 325, 328 lithium, 622–623 Little Albert experiments, 25–26, 235–236 liver, role of in hunger, 181 lock-and-key theory, 107 locked-in syndrome, 41 locomotive ability, 361 locus of control, 483–484 Loftus, Elizabeth, 296–297 long-term memory, 271 amnesia and, 287–289 capacity of, 283 declarative and procedural, 284–287 encoding in, 283 organization in, 284 retrieval and forgetting in, 289–294 transferring information to, 275–276 loss aversion, 319 loudness, 98 low-balling, 442 LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), 164–165 lust, 432 lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 164–165 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 74 magnification, 609 maintenance phase of career development, 401 maintenance rehearsal, 275 major depressive disorder, 566 majority group, 435 mania, 567, 570 manifest content of dreams, 139 MAO (monoamine oxidase), 474 MAO inhibitors, 620–621 margin of safety, 150 marijuana, 163 marriage, 396, 397–398, 399 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, 178–179, 485 massed practice, 290 master’s degrees in psychology, 32 matching hypothesis, 432 maternal immune hypothesis, 204 Mayberg, Helen, 571 Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), 336 McCrae, Robert, 477–478 MDMA, 55, 161 mean, 636–637 measurement of intelligence, 328–333 of light, 89–90 of personality, 488–492 of sensation and perception, 86–88 of stress, 504–507 measures of central tendency, 636–638 media gender portrayals in, 383 portrayals of violence in, 450 median, 637 medical model, 548 medication antianxiety, 618–619 anticonvulsant, 623 antidepressant, 620–622 antipsychotic, 579, 619–620 for narcolepsy and cataplexy, 141 psychiatric, 592 medicine, influence of field of, 23–24 meditation, 524 medulla, 62 melatonin, 134 Mellaril, 619 memory See also long-term memory; short-term memory accuracy of, 295–297 acetylcholine and, 54 aging and, 278–279 biology of, 297–299 defined, 220 development of new memories, 271–282 episodic, 137 forgetting and, 292–294 functions of, 270 improving, 290–291 retrieval and, 289–294 as storage, 270 three-stages model of, 271–274, 282 working memory model, 279–282 memory blackouts, 154 memory consolidation, 297 memory theory, 139 memory traces, 270 menarche, 384 menopause, 388 mental age, 329 mental equilibrium and disequilibrium, 366 mental health disorders, 498, 546 See also therapy anxiety, 553–562 biological theories of, 548 classification of, 549–553 dissociative and somatic symptoms, 562–565 mood disorders, 565–567, 570–575 neurotransmitters and, 54–55 753 personality disorders, 581–583 perspectives on, 547–549 prevalence of, 546–547 schizophrenia, 575–580 suicide and, 568–569 mental health professionals, 592–593 mental representation, 308 mental set, 317 mentoring, 658 mere exposure effect, 211, 430 message variables, 417 microsleep, 130 midbrain, 61, 63 middle ear, 99 midlife crisis, 394–395 migraine headache, 228 Milgram, Stanley, 21–22, 442–443, 445, 446 minimization, 609 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2), 489–490 minority stress, 203, 509 misinformation effect, 296 MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), 489–490 mnemonic devices, 291 Mockingbird Years (Gordon), 501 mode, 638 modeling, 258–261 Molly (MDMA), 161 monoamine oxidase (MAO), 474 monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, 620–621 monocular depth cues, 114–115 mood disorders, 565–566 bipolar-related, 567, 570 causes of, 570–573 depressive disorders, 566–567 gender and, 574–575 moon illusion, 118–119 moral reasoning, 372–374 morpheme, 324 motivation See also hunger emotion compared to, 205 to forget, 294 observational learning and, 261 sexual, 195–204 theories of, 174–179 motive, 174 motor cortex, 71 motor neurons, 58–59 MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), 74 MSCEIT (Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test), 336 Müller-Lyer illusion, 119–120 multiple approach-avoidance conflicts, 512 multiple intelligences, 334, 335 multiple personality disorder, 563 myelin, 46 myelin sheath, 48 Myers-Briggs Personality Inventory, 489 narcissistic personality disorder, 582 narcolepsy, 141 natural concept, 311–313 naturalistic observation, 11–12, 19 natural selection, 24, 338 nature-nurture debate, 338 development and, 356–357 gender-role behavior and, 381–383 needs, hierarchy of, 178–179, 485 negative correlation, 14 negative feedback loop, 175, 180 negative punishment, 243 negative reinforcement, 242–243 negative thinking, 572–573 neodissociation theory, 146 neo-Freudians, 469–471 neonate, 360 nervous system, 57–58 autonomic, 59–60 peripheral, 58–59 somatic, 59 neural growth and pruning, 387 neurobiology of extraversion and introversion, 476–477 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 754 Subject Index neurons, 46 anatomy of, 47–49 firing of, 49–51 in reflex, 46 reuptake, 52–53 sensory and motor, 58–59 stimulation of, 624 synaptic transmission, 51–52 neuropeptide Y, 183 neuroplasticity, 65–66 neuroscience, 24, 46 See also central nervous system biomedical therapies, 618–626 endocrine system, 76–77 neurons, 46–52 neurotransmitters, 53–57 structure of nervous system, 57–60 neuroticism, 473, 476, 477 neurotransmitters, 48 acetylcholine, 54, 57 described, 53–54, 57 dopamine, 54, 57, 182, 196 endorphins, 56, 57 GABA, 55–56, 57, 154 glutamate, 56, 57, 164, 579 mood disorders and, 570–571 norepinephrine, 55, 57 schizophrenia and, 579 serotonin, 55, 57, 448-449 neutral stimulus, 232 nicotine, 159 nightmares, 143 night shift work, 135–136 night terrors, 143 noise and hearing loss, 99 Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan, 572 nonintuitive eating, 185 non-REM sleep, 137 nontasters, 105 norepinephrine, 55, 57 normal distribution, 639–640 normative commitment, 663 normative conformity, 436 norming group, 489 norms, 434–435 nose and sense of smell, 106–108 null hypothesis, 643 obedience, 440, 442–447 obesity, 186–188 object permanence, 367 observational learning of aggression, 449 of attitudes, 413 of prejudice, 424 overview, 258–261 obsession, 556–557 obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 556–557, 559 obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, 582 occipital lobe, 67, 72–73 OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder), 556–557 Oedipus complex, 468 olfaction, 106 olfactory bulb, 107 olfactory epithelium, 106–107 olfactory nerve, 107 150-volt solution, 444 openness, 477 operant conditioning, 241, 412 acquisition and extinction, 246–247 attitude acquisition and, 412–413 design of program of, 252–256 discrimination and generalization, 250–251 experimental study of, 244–245 law of effect and, 241–243 of prejudice, 424 schedules of reinforcement, 247–250 shaping new behaviors, 251 in therapy, 605–607 opiates, 56, 157–158 opponent-process theory, 96 optic chiasm, 97 optic nerve, 91–92 optimism and stress, 524 oral fixation, 469 oral stage, 467 organismic valuing process, 486 organizational citizenship behaviors, 664 organizational climate, 658 organizational commitment, 663 organizational culture, 658 organizational socialization, 657 organizational withdrawal, 664 orgasm phase, 197–198 orienting reflex, 226–227 outcomes and decision making, 319 outer ear, 99 out-group homogeneity, 426 outliers, 637 oval window, 99–100 ovaries, 77, 196 overextension, 324 overgeneralization, 609 overlearning, 291 overweight, 186, 188 oxytocin, 196, 432–433 pancreas, 77 panic disorder, 555, 559 papillae, 103 paranoid personality disorder, 582 parasitic infections, 533–534 parasympathetic nervous system, 60 pareidolia, 364 parenting, 377–378, 398–401 parietal lobe, 67, 72 Parkinson’s disease, 54–55, 625 partial reinforcement, 247–248 participants ethical guidelines for, 20–22 selecting, 11 Pavlov, Ivan, 25, 229–230, 257 PCP (phencyclidine), 164 Peek, Kim, 221–223, 284, 300, 306–307 PEN model, 473, 476–477 perceived authority figures, 445 perception, 84, 86 accuracy of, 118–120 cultural factors in, 120 extrasensory, 87–88 hearing, 98–102 in infancy and childhood, 363–365 interpretation of sensory information, 110–117 language and, 325, 328 of pitch, 100–102 subliminal, 87 vision, 88–98 perceptual constancy, 112, 113, 118–119 perceptual contrast, 441 perfect correlation, 14 performance appraisals, 660–661 periodic limb movement in sleep, 142 peripheral nervous system (PNS), 58 peripheral route to persuasion, 416 permissive parents, 378 persecutory delusions, 577 persistent depressive disorder, 566–567 persistent psychosis, 165 persisting strategies, 510 persona (archetype), 470 personal fable, 390 personality, 350, 462, 464 hardy, 528 health and, 525–528 humanistic approach, 485–487 measurement of, 488–492 psychoanalytic approach, 464–472 social cognitive approach, 482–484 trait approach, 472–481 Type A, B, and C, 525–526 personality disorders, 193, 581–583 personality inventory, 488–490 personality neuroscience, 479 personality psychology, 30 personalization, 609 personal responsibility, sense of, 446–447 personal semantics, 286 personal unconscious, 470 person-centered therapy, 599–601 person schemas, 284 person-situation interaction, 480–481 persuasion, 415–417 PET scan (positron emission tomography), 74 phallic stage, 466, 468 Ph.D programs, 32 phencyclidine (PCP), 164 phenothiazines, 579 phenotype, 338 pheromones, 107 phoneme, 324 phonological loop, 281 photopigments, 93 physical activity, 522, 535 physical attractiveness, 431–432 physical development in adolescence and adulthood, 383–388 in infancy and childhood, 360–363 physiological needs, 178 Piaget, Jean, 365–370, 389 pineal gland, 77 pinna, 99 pitch, 98–99 pitch perception, 100–102 pituitary gland, 76–77 placebo effect, 16 placenta, 357 place theory, 100–101, 102 plasticity of brain, 361, 387 plateau phase, 197 pleasure principle, 465 pluralistic ignorance, 453 PNS (peripheral nervous system), 58 polygenetic, intelligence as, 339 pons, 62, 63, 100 Ponzo illusion, 119 population of interest, 11 positive correlation, 14 positive psychology, 27–28, 30, 487 positive punishment, 243 positive reinforcement, 242–243, 606 positron emission tomography (PET scan), 74 postconventional level of moral reasoning, 372, 373 postformal thought, 391 postsynaptic neuron, 48 posttraumatic growth, 508 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 66, 508, 557–558, 559 poverty of speech, 578 poverty of stimulus argument, 322 practical intelligence, 335–336 pragmatics, 324–325 preconscious level of awareness, 464 preconventional level of moral reasoning, 372, 373 prediction, 7, predictive hypothesis, 10 prefrontal lobotomy, 625 prehension, 361 prejudice, 422 intergroup dynamics and, 425–427 overview, 421–422 reducing, 427–429 social transmission of, 424–425 stereotypes, discrimination, and, 422–423 stereotype threat and, 423–424 weight-based, 189–190 prenatal development, 357–360, 580 preoperational stage, 366, 367–369 presbyopia, 387 presynaptic neuron, 48 prevalence of mental health disorders, 546–547 preverbal gestures, 324 primacy effect, 278 primary appraisal, 513 primary auditory area, 73 primary drive, 175 primary motor area, 71 primary reinforcer, 255 primary somatosensory area, 72 private speech, 370–371 proactive interference, 292, 294 probability and decision making, 319 problem-focused coping, 519 problem solving, 314–317 procedural memory, 286–287 progressive relaxation training, 522, 602 projective test, 490 prosocial behavior, 452–454 Prosser, Inez, 31 prototype, 312–313 proximity, 116, 430 Prozac, 622 pseudopsychology, psychiatrist, 593 psychiatry, 32 psychoactive drugs, 148–149 alcohol, 151, 154–157 bath salts, 162 depressants, 151, 157 effects of, 151, 152–153 hallucinogens, 163–165 opiates, 157–158 stimulants, 158–161 tolerance of and dependence on, 150–151 variations in use of, 149–150 psychoanalysis, 25, 596–598, 597, 610 psychoanalytic perspective on mental health disorders, 548 on personality, 464–472 psychoanalytic theory, 25 psychodynamic perspective, 25 psychodynamic therapy, 598 psychological distance, 446 psychology, critical thinking and, gender, ethnicity, and, 30–31 goals of, misconceptions about field of, 4–6 perspectives, 23 reference citations in, science of, 7–18 specialty areas in, 29–30 training in, 32–33 psychoneuroimmunology, 516 psychopathology, 548 psychopharmacology, 618 psychophysics, 86–88 psychosexual stages of development, 467–469 psychosocial development in adolescence and adulthood, 393–401 in infancy and childhood, 374–383 psychosurgery, 625–626 psychotherapy, 592 psychoticism, 476 Psy.D programs, 32 PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), 66, 508, 557–558, 559 puberty, 384–385 public lice, 533–534 punishment, 26, 242–243, 252–255, 606 pupil, 90, 91 purging, 191 quasi-experiment, 18, 19 race See also culture; ethnicity intelligence and, 340–341 stress and, 509 Rahe, Richard, 504–506 random assignment, 17–18 random sample, 11 range, 638 rape trauma syndrome, 508 rating scales, 490–491 rational-emotive therapy, 607–608 rationalization, 466–467 ratio schedule of reinforcement, 248–249 Rayner, Rosalie, 25, 235 reactivity, 12 realistic-conflict theory, 426–427 reality principle, 465 reality shock, 400 reasoning, 318–319, 372–374 recall, 290 recency effect, 278–279 reciprocal determinism, 482–483 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Subject Index reciprocity, 441 recognition, 291 reconstructive memory, 296 recovered memory, 148 recruitment, 655–656 reference, delusions of, 577 reference citations, reflection, 600 reflex, 46, 361 refractory period, 50–51, 198 reinforcement, 26, 242, 247–250, 255–256 relapse rates, 619 relativistic thinking, 391 relaxation, 522, 602 reliability, 332, 488 REM behavior disorder, 138 REM rebound, 138 REM sleep, 137–138 replication of study, representativeness heuristic, 320–321 representative sample, 11 repression of memory, 294 reproductive capacity and gender, 388 resilience, 510 resistance in therapy, 597 resistance stage of GAS, 515 resistant attachment, 376 resolution phase, 198 response, 25 response set theory of hypnosis, 146 resting potential, 49 restless legs syndrome, 142 reticular formation, 62, 63 retina, 91–93 retinal disparity, 112–114 retirement phase, 401 retroactive interference, 293, 294 retrograde amnesia, 287 reuptake, 52–53 reward-processing theory, 477 risk aversion, 319 risperidone, 620 Robber’s Cave experiment, 426–428 rods, 92–93 Rogers, Carl, 485–487, 599–601 Rohypnol, 157 role confusion, 393–394 romantic attraction, 432 rooting reflex, 361 Rorschach Inkblot Test, 490 Rotter, Julian, 483–484 ruminative coping style, 572, 574 safety needs, 178 same-sex marriage, 202 sample, 11 samples of convenience, 11 sampling bias, 11 SAS case example, 650, 656, 658, 659–660, 663, 665 satiety, 183 saturation, 89–90 scabies, 533–534 scaffolding, 371 scapegoat, 426 scatter plot, 635–636 Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, 208–209 schedule of reinforcement, 247–250 schema, 284, 366–367 schizoid personality disorder, 582 schizophrenia, 575–580 schizotypal personality disorder, 582 school psychology, 30 scientific method, 4, 8–10, 19 sclera, 90 scripts, 284 secondary appraisal, 514 secondary drive, 176 secondary reinforcer, 255 secondary traits, 473 secure attachment, 376 sedatives, 157 selective abstraction, 609 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 55, 621, 622 self-actualization, 179, 485, 599 self-concept, 486 self-determination theory, 177–178 self-efficacy, 483 self-fulfilling prophecy, 423, 552 self-help groups, 613 self-serving bias, 420–421 self-talk, 371 self theory, 485–487 Seligman, Martin, 27–28 Selye, Hans, 514 semantic encoding, 283 semantic memory, 284–286 sensation, 84, 86 See also perception body senses, 109–110 measurement of, 86–88 smell, 106–108 taste, 103–105 touch, 108–109 sensation seekers, 474–475 sensitive period, 358–359 sensorimotor stage, 366, 367 sensory memory, 271, 272–274 sensory neurons, 58–59 separation anxiety, 376 serial-position curve, 278–279 serotonin, 55, 57, 448–449 serotonin transporter gene, 479 set point, 180 sex hormones, 384 sexual arousal, 195 sexual desire, 195–197 sexually transmitted infections (STIs), 532–534 sexual orientation, 200–204 sexual response cycle, 197–198 shadow (archetype), 470 shape, perception of, 112 shaping, 251, 606 shell shock, 508 Sherif, Muzafer, 426 shifting strategies, 510 short-term dynamic therapy, 598 short-term memory, 271 capacity of, 274 dual coding system, 274 duration of, 275–276 elaborative rehearsal, 276 existence of, 278 levels-of-processing model, 277 SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome), 142 significant (results), 643 similarity (Gestalt principle), 116 similarity and attraction, 430–431 Simon, Théodore, 329 singlehood, 396 situational attribution, 418 6-n-proppylthiocuracil, 105 60-60 rule, 99 size, perception of, 112 skin and sense of touch, 108–109 Skinner, B F., 26, 244, 257 Skinner box, 244–245, 248 sleep circadian rhythm and, 134–136 disorders of, 140–143 dreaming, 139–140 functions of, 130–131 as health-promoting behavior, 535 need for, 131–133 stages of, 136–139 sleep apnea, 141–142 sleep disorder, 140–143 sleep spindles, 137 sleepwalking, 142–143 slippery slope, 446 slow-to-warm-up infants, 375 slow-wave sleep, 137 smell, 105, 106–108, 196–197, 365 smoking, 159, 530 social anxiety disorder, 556, 559 social-class discrimination, 509 social cognition, 412 social cognitive approach to personality, 482–484 social costs of alcohol use, 156–157 social facilitation, 438 social influence, 412 social learning perspective on mental health disorders, 548 social learning theory, 259 social loafing, 438 social psychology, 30, 350, 412 social smile, 361 social support, 522–523, 536 social transmission of prejudice, 424–425 sociocultural perspective, 26 sociocultural theory, 325, 549 somatic nervous system, 59 somatic symptom disorders, 564–565 somatosensory cortex, 72 sound waves, 99 source traits, 473 Spearman, Charles, 333, 337 specification phase of career development, 400 specific phobia, 555–556, 559 Spice, 164 spirituality Millennials and, 13 need for, 179 stress and, 523 split brain, 69–70 spontaneous recovery, 240, 604 sports psychology, 30 SQ3R method, 291 SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), 55, 621, 622 stages of reaction to death and dying, 402–403 stagnation, 394 standard deviation, 638 standardized test, 329 standard normal distribution, 640 Stanford-Binet, 329–330 Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, 145 Stanford prison experiment, 436–437 statistics, 633–634 correlation coefficient, 640–642 graphs, 634–636 measures of central tendency, 636–638 measures of variability, 638–639 normal and standard normal distributions, 639–640 using, to draw conclusions, 643–644 stereotype, 284, 342–343, 382, 422 stereotype threat, 423–424 Sternberg, Robert, 334–335, 337 Still Life with Rice (Lee), 350, 353 stimulants, 158–161 stimulus, 25 stimulus discrimination, 236 stimulus generalization, 236 stirrup, 99 STIs (sexually transmitted infections), 532–534 storage (memory), 270 See also long-term memory; short-term memory stranger anxiety, 376 stress, 504 catastrophes and, 508 conflict and, 510–512 coping with, 518–525 daily hassles and, 508–510 immune system and, 516–518 life events and, 504–507 mood disorders and, 573 stress response cognitive appraisal, 513–514 gender and, 516 general adaptation syndrome, 514–516 overview, 512 striatum, 299 structuralism, 23 structured interview, 653–654 subgenual cingulate, 571 subjective well-being, 536–537 sublimation, 467 subliminal perception, 87 subordinate category, 311 substance dependence, 150 successful intelligence, 335 sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), 142 755 suicide, 568–569 Sumner, Francis, 30–31 sum of squares, 638 superego, 466 superordinate category, 311 superordinate goal, 427 supertasters, 105 suprachiasmatic nucleus, 134 surface traits, 473 survey, 12–13, 19 symbolic thinking, 367 sympathetic nervous system, 60 synapse, 48 synaptic gap, 48 synaptic transmission, 51 synesthesia, 165 synthetic marijuana, 164 syphilis, 533, 534 systematic desensitization, 602–604 tardive dyskinesia, 620 taste, 103–105, 365 taste aversion, 236–237, 239 taste buds, 103–104 teaching machines, 244–245 technology behavioral interventions and, 617 distraction, memory, and, 275 health effects of, 531 operant conditioning and, 245 for studying brain, 74–75 virtual reality exposure therapy, 603–604 telegraphic speech, 324 television and violence, 450 temperament, 374–375, 478, 536 temporal lobe, 67, 73, 579 teratogens, 358–359 Terman, Lewis, 329 test, 653 See also measurement testes, 77, 196 testosterone, 196 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 163 texting and driving, 531 thalamus, 66–67 that’s-not-all technique, 442 THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), 163 Thematic Apperception Test, 490 theory, 5, See also specific theories therapeutic alliance, 616 therapy, 498, 590, 592 approaches to, 610 behavior, 601–607 biomedical, 618–626 cognitive, 607–610 effectiveness of, 614–617 ethical guidelines for, 593–594, 596 group approaches, 611–613 humanistic, 599–601 mental health professionals, 592–593 psychoanalytic, 596–598 seeking, 595–596 thinking, 308 See also cognition concepts, 310–313 critical, and psychology, illogical, 368–369 influence of language on, 325, 328 negative, 572–573 postformal, 391 problem solving, 314–317 visual images, 308–309 Thorndike’s law of effect, 241–243, 242 thought control, delusions of, 577 threat, appraisal of, 513 threat simulation theory, 139–140 three-stages model of memory, 271–274, 282 threshold of excitation, 49 Thurstone, L L., 333, 337 thylakoids, 182 thyroid gland, 77 timbres, 101 time management, 524–525 tip of the tongue phenomenon, 292 Titchener, Edward, 23 Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964, 654 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 756 Subject Index TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation), 624 Tofranil, 620 token economy, 255–256, 606–607 tolerance, 150 Tolman, Edward, 257–258 top-down perceptual processing, 110–111, 118, 284 touch, 108–109, 365 traditional psychoanalysis, 597–598 trait approach to personality, 472–481 trait attribution, 418 traits, 472 transcendence, need for, 179 transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), 624 transference, 597–598 transformational leadership, 659 treatment resistance, 624 trial and error, as heuristic, 315 triarchic theory of intelligence, 334–336, 335 trichromatic theory of color vision, 94–95, 96 tricyclic antidepressants, 620, 621 trust versus mistrust stage, 379 twin studies, 204, 339, 479 two-factor theory of emotion, 208–209 tympanic membrane, 99 Type A personality, 525–527 Type B personality, 525–526 Type C personality, 525–527 tyramine, 621 umami, 103 umbilical cord, 357 unconditional positive regard, 486–487, 600–601 unconditioned response (UR), 230–231 unconditioned stimulus (US), 230–231 unconscious level of awareness, 24–25, 464, 471 underextension, 324 understanding, need for, 176 unstructured interview, 653–654 UR (unconditioned response), 230–231 US (unconditioned stimulus), 230–231 validity, 332, 488 validity scales, 490 Valium, 618–619 Valproate, 623 variability, measures of, 638–639 variable interval schedule, 250 variable ratio schedule, 248–249 variance, 638 ventricles, 182, 579, 580 ventromedial hypothalamus, 183–184 vesicles, 48 vestibular sense, 109–110 viability, 358 viral infections, 533, 534 virtual reality exposure therapy, 603–604 visible spectrum, 89 vision, 88–98, 363–364 visual cortex, 72–73 visual hallucinations, 577 visual images, 308–309 visuospatial sketch pad, 281 volley theory, 101, 102 vomeronasal sense, 107–108 Vygotsky, Lev, 325, 370–371 WAIS-IV (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale), 330–331 Washburn, Margaret, 23, 30 Watson, John B., 25, 235, 257 wavelength, 89 wealth and happiness, 536 Weber’s law, 86–87 Wechsler, David, 330 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV), 330–331 weekend lag, 135 weight, losing, 188–189 weight-based prejudice, 189–190 Wellbutrin, 622 well-structured problems, 315–316 Wernicke’s aphasia, 68 Wernicke’s area, 68 Whorfian hypothesis, 325, 328 will-do factors, 656 withdrawal symptoms, 150–151 word salad, 577 work See also employees; industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology; jobs attitudes at, 661–663 behaviors at, 663–664 career development, 400–401 in groups, 437–439 on night shift, 135–136 settings of psychologists, 33 working memory, 279–282 work teams/groups, 658–659 work withdrawal, 664 Wundt, Wilhelm, 23 Xanax, 618–619 Yerkes-Dodson curve, 176 zero correlation, 14 Zimbardo, Phillip, 436–437 Zoloft, 622 zone of proximal development, 371 z score, 639, 640 Zyban, 622 zygote, 357 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it ... Contents 1-1 The Science of Psychology What Is Psychology? Correcting Common Misconceptions About the Field of Psychology Psychology Will Teach You About Critical Thinking 1-2 The Science of Psychology: ... www.cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to permissionrequest@cengage.com Library of Congress Control Number: 2014942023 ISBN: 97 8-1 -3 0 5-0 887 4-0 Proudly sourced... permission of the publisher For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-8 0 0-3 5 4-9 706 For permission to use material from this