ACID
Adjacency list model
ADO.NET Data Services
Anchor query
This is the nonrecursive query specified in the body of a CTE.
Application programming interface (API)
This is a well-defined interface provided by an application or service to support requests and communications from other applications.
Assembly
In SQL Server, a .NET assembly is a compiled SQL CLR executable or DLL.
Asymmetric encryption
Atomic data types, list data types, and union data types
Axis
Bulk Copy Program (BCP)
This is a command-line utility supplied with SQL Server for the purpose of quickly loading large datasets into tables.
Catalog view
A catalog view returns a SQL Server database and server-specific metadata.
Certificate
Check constraint
A check constraint is a condition placed on a table that restricts the range of valid values for one or more columns.
Closed-world assumption (CWA)
The CWA is a logic formalism that states what is not known to be true is false. SQL databases violate the CWA through the introduction of NULL s.
Clustered index
This is an index that contains a table’s row data in its leaf-level nodes.
Comment
T-SQL allows single-line comments that begin with -- or multiline comments enclosed in /* and */ delimiters.
Computed constructor
Computed constructors provide an alternative way to create XML nodes by specifying the type of node to be created through the use of special keywords.
Content expression
A content expression is part of a computed constructor, enclosed in braces, that generates XML node content.
Context item expression
This expression evaluates to the context node.
Context node
Database encryption key
This is an encryption key used by Transparent Data Encryption to encrypt entire SQL Server databases.
Database master key
This is a database-level encryption key used to secure other keys in the database.
Data domain
Data page
A data page is the smallest unit of storage that SQL Server can allocate. The data page consists of 8 KB of logically contiguous storage.
Datum
Empty sequence
This is an XPath 2.0/XQuery 1.0 sequence containing zero items.
Entity data model (EDM)
An EDM is an abstract logical representation of a physical database, used to implement database connectivity in the middle or client tiers.
Extended Events (XEvents)
XEvents is a lightweight diagnostic system that can help you troubleshoot the performance problems with the SQL Server.
Extensible key management (EKM)
EKM is a SQL Server 2012 encryption option that allows you to physically store encryption keys on third-party hardware security modules (HSMs).
Extent
Extract, Transform, Load (ETL)
ETL processes involve pulling data from disparate data sources, cleaning and scrubbing the data, manipulating it (transform), and storing it in the database.
Facet
Filter expression
This is a primary expression followed by zero or more predicates.
FLWOR expression
FLWOR is an acronym for the XQuery keywords for , let , where , order by , and return . FLWOR expressions support iteration and binding variables.
Foreign key constraint
A foreign key constraint is a logical coupling of two SQL tables through the values of specified columns.
Full-text catalog
A full-text catalog is a logical grouping of SQL Server full-text indexes for management purposes.
Full-text index
A full-text index enables advanced text-based searches to be performed against a database table.
Full-text search (FTS)
FTS is the SQL Server 2012 implementation of SQL Server full-text search engine with the SQL Server query engine.
Functions and Operators (F&O)
This is XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Functions and Operators specification, available at www.w3.org/TR/xquery-operators/ .
General comparison
Geography Markup Language (GML)
GML is a standard for the representation of geographic data using XML.
Grouping set
A grouping set is a SQL Server 2012 feature that allows you to define sets of grouping columns in your queries.
Hash
Heap
A heap is an unordered collection of data pages. Any table without a clustered index is a heap.
Heterogeneous sequence
Homogenous sequence
A homogeneous sequence is an XQuery sequence consisting entirely of nodes or entirely of singleton atomic values of compatible data types.
Indirect recursion
Inflectional form
SQL Server integrated full-text search (FTS) can search for inflectional forms of a word, including verb tenses and plural forms of nouns.
Initialization vector (IV)
An IV is a block of bits that is used to obfuscate the first block of data during the encryption process.
Language Integrated Query (LINQ)
LINQ adds native data source-agnostic querying capabilities to .NET languages using a declarative syntax.
Location path
Logon triggers
Logon triggers fire in response to a server LOGON event.
Materialized path model
Multiple Active Result Sets (MARS)
MARS allows you to simultaneously open multiple result sets on a single open connection.
Nested sets model
Node
Node comparison
Node test
Nonclustered index
Optional occurrence indicator
Object-relational mapping (O/RM)
Open-world assumption (OWA)
Parameterization
Path expression
Predicate
Predicate truth value
Primary expression
Query plan
Recompilation
Recursion
Row constructor
Scalar function
Searched CASE expression
Sequence
Server certificate
Service master key (SMK)
Shredding
Simple CASE expression
SOAP
Spatial data
Spatial index
SQL Server Data Tools
SQL injection
Step
Table type
Three-valued logic (3VL)
Transparent data encryption (TDE)
Untyped XML
User-defined aggregate (UDA)
User-defined type (UDT)
Value comparison
Well-formed XML
Well-known text (WKT)
Windowing functions
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
XML
XML Schema
XPath
XQuery
XQuery/XPath Data Model (XDM)
XSL
XSLT