Learning SQL on SQL Server 2005 By Sikha Saha Bagui, Richard Walsh Earp Publisher: O'Reilly Pub Date: April 2006 Print ISBN-10: 0-596-10215-1 Print ISBN-13: 978-0-59-610215-9 Pages: 342 Table of Contents | Index Anyone who interacts with today's modern databases needs to know SQL (Structured Query Language), the standard language for generating, manipulating, and retrieving database information In recent years, the dramatic rise in the popularity of relational databases and multi-user databases has fueled a healthy demand for application developers and others who can write SQL code efficiently and correctly If you're new to databases, or need a SQL refresher, Learning SQL on SQL Server 2005 is an ideal step-by-step introduction to this database query tool, with everything you need for programming SQL using Microsoft's SQL Server 2005-one of the most powerful and popular database engines used today Plenty of books explain database theory This guide lets you apply the theory as you learn SQL You don't need prior database knowledge, or even prior computer knowledge Based on a popular university-level course designed by authors Sikha Saha Bagui and Richard Walsh Earp, Learning SQL on SQL Server 2005 starts with very simple SQL concepts, and slowly builds into more complex query development Every topic, concept, and idea comes with examples of code and output, along with exercises to help you gain proficiency in SQL and SQL Server 2005 With this book, you'll learn: Beginning SQL commands, such as how and where to type an SQL query, and how to create, populate, alter and delete tables How to customize SQL Server 2005's settings and about SQL Server 2005's functions About joins, a common database mechanism for combining tables Query development, the use of views and other derived structures, and simple set operations Subqueries, aggregate functions and correlated subqueries, as well as indexes and constraints that can be added to tables in SQL Server 2005 Whether you're an undergraduate computer science or MIS student, a self-learner who has access to the new Microsoft database, or work for your company's IT department, Learning SQL on SQL Server 2005 will get you up to speed on SQL in no time Learning SQL on SQL Server 2005 By Sikha Saha Bagui, Richard Walsh Earp Publisher: O'Reilly Pub Date: April 2006 Print ISBN-10: 0-596-10215-1 Print ISBN-13: 978-0-59-610215-9 Pages: 342 Table of Contents | Index Learning SQL on SQL Server 2005 Dedication Preface Why This Book? SQL and SQL Server Audience and Coverage A Few Notes About SQL Server 2005 Installation Conventions Used in This Book Using Code Examples How to Contact Us Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Starting Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Section 1.1 Starting Microsoft SQL Server 2005 and SQL Server 2005's Management Studio Section 1.2 Creating a Database in Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Section 1.3 The Query Editor Section 1.4 Creating Tables Using the Load Script Section 1.5 Viewing Table Definitions Section 1.6 Modifying Table Definitions Section 1.7 Viewing Table Data Section 1.8 Deleting a Table Section 1.9 Deleting a Database Section 1.10 Entering a SQL Query or Statement Section 1.11 Parsing a Query Section 1.12 Executing a Query Section 1.13 Saving a Query Section 1.14 Displaying the Results Section 1.15 Stopping Execution of a Long Query Section 1.16 Printing the Query and Results Section 1.17 Customizing SQL Server 2005 Section 1.18 Summary Section 1.19 Review Questions Section 1.20 Exercises Chapter 2 Beginning SQL Commands in SQL Server Section 2.1 Displaying Data with the SELECT Statement Section 2.2 Displaying or SELECTing Rows or Tuples from a Table Section 2.3 The COUNT Function Section 2.4 The ROWCOUNT Function Section 2.5 Using Aliases Section 2.6 Synonyms Section 2.7 Adding Comments to SQL Statements Section 2.8 Some Conventions for Writing SQL Statements Section 2.9 A Few Notes About SQL Server 2005 Syntax Section 2.10 Summary Section 2.11 Review Questions Section 2.12 Exercises Chapter 3 Creating, Populating, Altering, and Deleting Tables Section 3.1 Data Types in SQL Server 2005 Section 3.2 Creating a Table Section 3.3 Inserting Values into a Table Section 3.4 The UPDATE Command Section 3.5 The ALTER TABLE Command Section 3.6 The DELETE Command Section 3.7 Deleting a Table Section 3.8 Summary Section 3.9 Review Questions Section 3.10 Exercises Section 3.11 References Chapter 4 Joins Section 4.1 The JOIN Section 4.2 The Cartesian Product Section 4.3 Equi-Joins and Non-Equi-Joins Section 4.4 Self Joins Section 4.5 Using ORDER BY with a Join Section 4.6 Joining More Than Two Tables Section 4.7 The OUTER JOIN Section 4.8 Summary Section 4.9 Review Questions Section 4.10 Exercises Chapter 5 Functions Section 5.1 Aggregate Functions Section 5.2 Row-Level Functions Section 5.3 Other Functions Section 5.4 String Functions Section 5.5 CONVERSION Functions Section 5.6 DATE Functions Section 5.7 Summary Section 5.8 Review Questions Section 5.9 Exercises Chapter 6 Query Development and Derived Structures Section 6.1 Query Development Section 6.2 Parentheses in SQL Expressions Section 6.3 Derived Structures Section 6.4 Query Development with Derived Structures Section 6.5 Summary Section 6.6 Review Questions Section 6.7 Exercises Chapter 7 Set Operations Section 7.1 Introducing Set Operations Section 7.2 The UNION Operation Section 7.3 The UNION ALL Operation Section 7.4 Handling UNION and UNION ALL Situations with an Unequal Number of Columns Section 7.5 The IN and NOT IN Predicates Section 7.6 The Difference Operation Section 7.7 The Union and the Join Section 7.8 A UNION Used to Implement a Full Outer Join Section 7.9 Summary Section 7.10 Review Questions Section 7.11 Exercises Section 7.12 Optional Exercise Chapter 8 Joins Versus Subqueries Section 8.1 Subquery with an IN Predicate Section 8.2 The Subquery as a Join Section 8.3 When the Join Cannot Be Turned into a Subquery Section 8.4 More Examples Involving Joins and IN Section 8.5 Using Subqueries with Operators Section 8.6 Summary Section 8.7 Review Questions Section 8.8 Exercises Chapter 9 Aggregation and GROUP BY Section 9.1 A SELECT in Modified BNF Section 9.2 The GROUP BY Clause Section 9.3 The HAVING Clause Section 9.4 GROUP BY and HAVING: Aggregates of Aggregates Section 9.5 Auditing in Subqueries Section 9.6 Nulls Revisited Section 9.7 Summary Section 9.8 Review Questions Section 9.9 Exercises Chapter 10 Correlated Subqueries Section 10.1 Noncorrelated Subqueries Section 10.2 Correlated Subqueries Section 10.3 Existence Queries and Correlation Section 10.4 SQL Universal and Existential Qualifiers Section 10.5 Summary Section 10.6 Review Questions Section 10.7 Exercises Chapter 11 Indexes and Constraints on Tables Section 11.1 The "Simple" CREATE TABLE Section 11.2 Indexes Section 11.3 Constraints Section 11.4 Summary Section 11.5 Review Questions Section 11.6 Exercises Appendix A The Student Database and Other Tables Used in This Book Section A.1 Appendix B Script Used to Create the Student_course Database Glossary of Terms Important Commands and Functions About the Author Colophon Index Learning SQL on SQL Server 2005 Learning SQL on SQL Server 2005 by Sikha Saha Bagui and Richard Walsh Earp Copyright © 2006 O'Reilly Media, Inc All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Published by O'Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472 O'Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use Online editions are also available for most titles (safari.oreilly.com) For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: (800) 998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com Editor: Jeff Pepper Production Editor: Philip Dangler Copyeditor: Nancy Wolfe Kotary Indexer: Johnna VanHoose Dinse Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery Interior Designer: David Futato Cover Illustration: Dover Pictoral Archive Illustrators: Robert Romano and Jessamyn Read Printing History: April 2006: First Edition Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O'Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O'Reilly Media, Inc Learning SQL on SQL Server 2005, the image of a ribbed newt, and related trade dress are trademarks of O'Reilly Media, Inc Adapted with permission from Learning SQL: Step-by-Step GD Using Oracle by Bagui and Earp, pp 48-61, 69-70, 85, 89-93, 105-108, 109-110, 114-120, 122-129, 131-133, 135-152,153166, 167-183, 185-213, Appendix 3, and Glossary of Terms, © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley All rights reserved Adaptated with permission from, Learning SQL: Step-by-Step GD Using Access by Bagui and Earp, pp 64-77, © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc Reproduced by permission of Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley All rights reserved Oracle® and all Oracle-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation, Inc in the United States and other countries O'Reilly Media, Inc is independent of Oracle Corporation Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks Where those designations appear in this book, and O'Reilly Media, Inc was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein ISBN: 0-596-10215-1 [M] Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] qualifiers existential unversal queries correlated queries CROSS JOIN entering error messages, viewing executing stopping execution parsing printing results displaying printing saving to file saving subqueries auditing in IN predicates query development derived structures and Query Editor color coding opening New Query button right-clicking Query Execution tab Query Results tab Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] REAL data type referential integrity constraints REFRERENCES constraint results of queries displaying grid form text form saving to file RIGHT function 2nd RIGHT OUTER JOIN 2nd ROUND function 2nd row-level functions arithmetic operations on columns DISTINCT ISNULL NULLIF ROUND TOP PERCENT and ROWCOUNT function 2nd rows, tables displaying selecting RTRIM function 2nd Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] saving queries query results to file scripts, Student_course database SELECT command SELECT INTO statement, views SELECT statement FROM and ORDER BY clause ascending/descending order NULL value and order within order WHERE clause AND operator BETWEEN operator 2nd OR operator self-joins SET command SET DATEFORMAT function set operations binary intersection binary set differences binary unions difference, NOT IN predicate IN predicate INTERSECT INTERSECT operator NOT IN predicate UNION 2nd columns and JOIN and UNION ALL 2nd columns and union compatibility sets SMALLDATETIME data type SMALLINT data type SMALLMONEY data type SORT function Souce Control tab SQL Server Management Studio, starting SQL_VARIANT data type 2nd SQUARE function statements comments entering writing STR function 2nd string functions CHARINDEX concatenation extraction LEFT LEN 2nd LOWER 2nd LTRIM 2nd RIGHT RTRIM SUBSTRING UPPER strings substrings, LIKE function Unicode character strings Student_course database creating joins objects script tables default subqueries as joins auditing in IN predicate and operators and SUBSTRING function 2nd substrings, LIKE function SUM function 2nd synonyms syntax system databases, default Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] T-SQL (Transact-SQL) table aliases as table qualifiers TABLE data type table definitions columns modifying viewing tables columns adding aliases data types deleting creating Load script data, viewing deleting DELETE command joins, multiple rows displaying selecting Student_course database default temporary tuples tempdb database terms, glossary of TEXT data type 2nd Text Editor tab text form, query results TINYINT data type TOP function 2nd PERCENT and tuples Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] Unicode character strings UNION ALL set operation 2nd columns and union compatibility UNION set operation 2nd columns and JOIN and UNIQUE constraint UNIQUE IDENTIFIER data type UNIQUE integrity constraint UNIQUEIDENTIFIER data type universal qualifiers UPDATE command 2nd UPPER function 2nd USE command USE, opening databases UUID (Universal unique identifier) Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] VARBINARY data type VARCHAR data type 2nd VARCHAR2 data type views column alises creating data in ORDER BY clause SELECT INTO statement using Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] WHERE clause JOIN and SELECT statement AND operator BETWEEN operator 2nd OR operator WHERE row filter WITH TIES clause writing statements Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] XM Ldata type XML data type Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] YEAR function 2nd ... access to the new Microsoft database, or work for your company's IT department, Learning SQL on SQL Server 2005 will get you up to speed on SQL in no time Learning SQL on SQL Server 2005 By Sikha Saha Bagui, Richard Walsh Earp Publisher: O'Reilly Pub Date: April 2006. .. Starting Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Section 1.1 Starting Microsoft SQL Server 2005 and SQL Server 2005' s Management Studio Section 1.2 Creating a Database in Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Section 1.3 The Query Editor... Important Commands and Functions About the Author Colophon Index Learning SQL on SQL Server 2005 Learning SQL on SQL Server 2005 by Sikha Saha Bagui and Richard Walsh Earp Copyright © 2006 O'Reilly Media, Inc