Novell press novell cluster services for linux and netware may 2006 ISBN 0672328453

Novell Cluster Services™ for Linux® and NetWare® By Rob Bastiaansen, Sander van Vugt Publisher: Novell Press Pub Date: May 09, 2006 Print ISBN-10: 0-672-32845-3 Print ISBN-13: 978-0-672-32845-9 Pages: 312 Table of Contents | Index Need to configure or manage Novell Cluster Services on NetWare, Linux or a mixed environment? Pick up a copy of the official reference guide, Novell Cluster Services for Linux and NetWare This book blends in-depth information with practical, real world examples to cover cluster services configuration strategies, backup requirements, cluster services management, and upgrading tactics You'll gain invaluable insight from authors Rob Bastiaansen and Sander van Vugt, two Novell Certified Instructors with day-to-day experience consulting on the topics covered in this book Master intalling and managing Novell Cluster Services with the tutorial not available from anyone else, Novell Cluster Services for Linux and NetWare Novell Cluster Services™ for Linux® and NetWare® By Rob Bastiaansen, Sander van Vugt Publisher: Novell Press Pub Date: May 09, 2006 Print ISBN-10: 0-672-32845-3 Print ISBN-13: 978-0-672-32845-9 Pages: 312 Table of Contents | Index Copyright About the Authors Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction to Clustering and High Availability Novell Cluster Services Defined High-Availability Solutions Overview When Not to Cluster Applications Availability Defined High Availability Defined Calculating Average Downtime Avoiding Downtime Novell Cluster Services Requirements Chapter 2 Examining Novell Cluster Services Architecture Novell Cluster Services Objects and Modules Heartbeats, Epoch Numbers, and the Split Brain Detector Summary Chapter 3 Clustering Design Cluster Design Guidelines Creating a Failover Matrix Application-Specific Design Guidelines Clustering Without Shared Storage Chapter 4 Installation and Configuration Installing NCS on OES NetWare Installing NCS on Linux Manually Starting and Stopping NCS Adding a License to Existing Cluster Nodes Removing Nodes from a Cluster Installing NCS in VMware Chapter 5 Creating Cluster Resources Creating Clustered Volumes Creating Cluster Resources Cluster Script Syntax Summary Chapter 6 Cluster Management Cluster Resources Management Applications Managing Novell Cluster Services from the Command Line Logging, Event History, and Alerting Summary Chapter 7 iSCSI iSCSI Introduction Using iSCSI in an Open Enterprise Server Environment iSCSI Target Configuration on OES NetWare iSCSI Initiator Configuration on OES NetWare iSCSI Initiator Configuration on OES Linux Building an Open Enterprise Server Cluster with Shared iSCSI Storage Advanced iSCSI Topics Chapter 8 Cluster-Enabled Applications Cluster-Enable or Not? Clustering GroupWise Clustering iFolder 3 on OES Linux Clustering the Squid Web Proxy on Linux Clustering the Samba Server on OES Linux Summary Chapter 9 Advanced Clustering Topics, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting Advanced Configuration and Maintenance Troubleshooting Your Cluster Environment Cluster Services Backup Chapter 10 Upgrading Clusters Upgrade Methods Explained Technical Upgrade Methods Explained Chapter 11 Using SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Clustering Options Heartbeat Versus Novell Cluster Services Installing SUSE Linux High-Availability Components Configuring the Shared Storage with a DRBD Clustering the NFS Server with Heartbeat Managing the Shared Resource Avoiding Split Brain Summary Chapter 12 Introduction to Business Continuity Clustering Business Continuity Clustering Overview Building Your Own BCC Test Environment Summary Index Copyright Novell Cluster Services for Linuxđ and NetWaređ Copyright â 2006 by Novell, Inc All rights reserved No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2005928289 Printed in the United States of America First Printing: May 2006 09 08 07 06 ACQUISITIONS EDITOR Jenny Watson DEVELOPMENT EDITOR Scott Meyers MANAGING EDITOR Charlotte Clapp PROJECT EDITOR George E Nedeff COPY EDITOR Cheri Clark INDEXER Cheryl Lenser PROOFREADER Mike Henry TECHNICAL EDITOR Josh More PUBLISHING COORDINATOR Vanessa Evans BOOK DESIGNER Gary Adair Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized Novell Press cannot attest to the accuracy of this information Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark Novell is a registered trademark; Novell Press and the Novell Press logo are trademarks of Novell, Inc in the United States and other countries All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks, or registered trademarks of their respective owners Warning and Disclaimer Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied The information provided is on an "as is" basis Special and Bulk Sales Pearson offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales For more information, please contact U.S Corporate and Government Sales 1-800-382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside of the U.S., please contact International Sales international@pearsoned.com Novell Press is the exclusive publisher of trade computer technology books that have been authorized by Novell, Inc Novell Press books are written and reviewed by the world's leading authorities on Novell and related technologies, and are edited, produced, and distributed by the Que/Sams Publishing group of Pearson Education, the worldwide leader in integrated education and computer technology publishing For more information on Novell Press and Novell Press books, please go to www.novellpress.com Associate Publisher Mark Taber Program Manager, Novell, Inc Darrin Vandenbos Marketing Manager Doug Ingersoll About the Authors Rob Bastiaansen is an independent consultant and trainer Rob has a strong focus on NetWare, Cluster Services, eDirectory, and ZENworks He delivers Advanced Technical Training for Novell in EMEA regarding these topics Rob is also a technical writer; he writes for several IT magazines in The Netherlands, where he lives VMware is another of the areas in which Rob works as a consultant and trainer In 2004, Rob wrote and published his first book, Rob's Guide to Using VMware, which is in print in its second edition In 2005, Rob published The NetWare Toolbox He is a Master Certified Novell Instructor and holds all the major Novell certifications, including Certified Linux Engineer and Certified Linux Professional Sander van Vugt is an independent trainer and consultant, with a strong focus on Linux in combination with any Novell product available As a technical trainer, Sander does a lot of work for Novell in the EMEA region where he lives He specializes in the workings of Linux file systems and file access protocols and clustering services Sander is also a technical author; he has written 26 books in the Dutch language, and this is his second book in English Sander is also a Master Certified Novell Instructor and holds all major Novell and Linux certifications Acknowledgments This book could not have been written without the help of many people at Novell In particular we'd like to thank Robert Wipfel for the time he spent with us thinking about this book Also we would like to thank Bhogilal Hirani and Brad Rupp for their input related to Chapter 12 Further, we would like to thank Kent Boogert and Richard Jones for their support in writing this book Introduction In this book we provide you with an overview of Novell's highavailability solutions We cover Novell Cluster Services (NCS) for Open Enterprise Server for both NetWare and Linux We focus on the latest release of this software, but most information from this book is applicable to older versions of NCS as well Our goal with this book is to give you a full overview of the process of designing and implementing a cluster We provide insight into additional technologies such as iSCSI, Linux Heartbeat clustering, and Business Continuity Clustering We also describe how to install popular applications into your cluster environment In this book we have tried to go beyond the information provided in the online documentation We not only describe how to configure NCS clusters, but also pay a good deal of attention to the "why" part of the configuration of a cluster because we would like you to understand what you are doing as well This book is written for two different audiences Administrators new to administering NCS, or clustering at all, will find enough information to get themselves going with Novell Cluster Services And administrators who do already have experience configuring Novell Cluster Services will find that lots of details are included, especially on how to configure NCS on Linux servers In Chapter 1, "Introduction to Clustering and High Availability," clustering is introduced This chapter is aimed in particular at novice cluster administrators, although even experienced administrators may find it helpful Read this chapter if you want to know more about when you would use a cluster solution and how such a solution should be set up Chapter 2, "Examining Novell Cluster Services Architecture," goes into the working of Novell Cluster Services; in this chapter we describe how the different components of an NCS network interact to make a working cluster Also some clustering fundamentals such as Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] [Z] quorum Quorum Trigger parameter Quorum wait state Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] [Z] RAID (redundant array of independent disks) RAID 0 RAID 0+1 RAID 1 RAID 10 RAID 5 rcheartbeat command redundant array of independent disks (RAID) redundant disk configurations (cluster design) hardware software references (server), updating Reiser file system Remote Manager iSCSI initiator connection startup monitoring iSCSI sessions remote storage, iSCSI as removing Linux nodes master nodes NetWare nodes 2nd slave nodes renaming NetWare servers replicas, eDirectory cluster design requirements BCC test environment iSCSI initiators iSCSI targets Novell Cluster Services resources command restart command restarting SMDR daemon RFCs for iSCSI rights, assigning for iSCSI initiators rolling upgrades 2nd round robin configuration rsync synchronization Running state Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] [Z] Samba, cluster-enabling on Linux sample configuration files, editing SAN (storage area network) 2nd SBCON.NLM backup software SBD (Split Brain Detector) 2nd creating new defined mirroring size of scan for new devices command SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) 2nd secondary IP addresses security authentication keys LDAP security, iSCSI targets and selecting cluster resources in iManager Sequencer protocol Server Consolidation Utility as part of Novell Server Consolidation and Migration Server Health Utility server references, updating servers backup clients device servers master servers NetWare servers, renaming sessions (iSCSI), monitoring set command shared disks access 2nd installing applications on partitions, creating VMware [See VMware, ESX Server clustering configurations.] shared resources, creating shared storage cluster design without configuring for Heartbeat software (Linux) creating disk configurations hardware redundant disk single-disk configurations software redundant disk file system GroupWise clustering and iSCSI as iSCSI setup storage connection methods Fibre Channel SCSI sharing directories with Samba single-disk configurations (cluster design) slave nodes defined removing Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) 2nd smb.conf file, configuring SMDR (Storage Management Data Requester) restarting SMDR daemon SMS (Storage Management Services) software increasing availability with mirroring Novell Cluster Services software requirements software redundant disk configurations (cluster design) Split Brain Detector [See modules in Novell Cluster Services, SBD.] split brain situations split brain, avoiding in Heartbeat clusters Squid proxy server, cluster-enabling on Linux starting connections for iSCSI initiators Identity Manager drivers for BCC test environment Novell Cluster Services manually on Linux on NetWare stats command status command Stonith devices stopping Novell Cluster Services manually on Linux on NetWare storage area network (SAN) 2nd storage connection methods (cluster design) Fibre Channel SCSI Storage Management Data Requester (SMDR) restarting SMDR daemon Storage Management Services (SMS) storage, iSCSI [See iSCSI, advantages of.] stretched clusters SUSE Linux [See Linux, Backup Express, installing.] SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, Heartbeat package synchronization Identity Manager [See Identity Manager.] rsync transitive synchronization Syncsort Backup Express system requirements [See requirements, BCC test environment.] Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] [Z] Target Service Agents (TSAs) targets (iSCSI) connecting to LDAP security on NetWare commands for creating target partition installing software monitoring requirements templates [See cluster templates.] terminology in Novell Cluster Services test environment (BCC) 2nd BCC configuration BCC installation Identity Manager driver configuration Identity Manager installation NetWare and Novell Cluster Services installation requirements starting Identity Manager drivers testing GroupWise on Linux on NetWare iFolder on Linux timeout tolerance rate transitive synchronization troubleshooting cluster resources TSAs (Target Service Agents) tuning ha.cf file two-site environment (BCC) Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] [Z] Unassigned state unload scripts configuring for GroupWise 2nd for iFolder defined executing NCF or Linux script files in cluster resource objects NCS-related commands Unloading state updating server references user home directories upgrading clusters across-the-wire migrations in-place upgrades installing from scratch migrating to new cluster NetWare 5.1 to NetWare 6.5 NetWare 6 to NetWare 6.5 NetWare 6.5 to Linux uptime [See availability, defined.] user home directories, updating Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] [Z] view command virtual environment [See VMware, ESX Server clustering configurations.] virtual hosts, configuring iFolder server as Virtual Interface Architecture Link Layer (VLL) virtual nodes virtual servers [See cluster virtual servers.] VLL (Virtual Interface Architecture Link Layer) VMware ESX Server clustering configurations GSX Server clustering configurations installing Novell Cluster Services Workstation clustering configurations volume managers, EVMS versus LVM volumes cluster volumes [See cluster volumes.] EVMS volumes creating 2nd installing NSS cluster-enabled volume objects (eDirectory) Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] [Z] WebAccess, GroupWise clustering Windows, migrating to NetWare or Linux Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] [Z] Yes,Tested and Approved program (Novell) Index [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] [Z] ZENworks for Desktops, when to cluster-enable .. .Novell Cluster Services for Linux and NetWare By Rob Bastiaansen, Sander van Vugt Publisher: Novell Press Pub Date: May 09, 2006 Print ISBN- 10: 0-672-32845-3 Print ISBN- 13: 978-0-672-32845-9... Avoiding Downtime Novell Cluster Services Requirements Chapter 2 Examining Novell Cluster Services Architecture Novell Cluster Services Objects and Modules Heartbeats, Epoch Numbers, and the Split Brain Detector... integrated education and computer technology publishing For more information on Novell Press and Novell Press books, please go to www.novellpress.com Associate Publisher Mark Taber Program Manager, Novell, Inc