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PostgreSQL: The comprehensive guide to building, programming, and administering PostgreSQL databases, Second Edition By Korry Douglas, Susan Douglas Publisher: Sams Publishing Pub Date: July 26, 2005 ISBN: 0-672-32756-2 Pages: 1032 Table of Contents | Index The second edition of the best-selling PostgreSQL has been updated to completely cover new features and capabilities of the 8.0 version of PostgreSQL You will be lead through the internals of the powerful PostgreSQL open source database chapter, offering an easyto-read, code-based approach that makes it easy to understand how each feature is implemented, how to best use each feature, and how to get more performance from database applications This definitive guide to building, programming and administering the powerful PostgreSQL open-source database system will help you harness one of the most widely used open source, enterprise-level database systems PostgreSQL: The comprehensive guide to building, programming, and administering PostgreSQL databases, Second Edition By Korry Douglas, Susan Douglas Publisher: Sams Publishing Pub Date: July 26, 2005 ISBN: 0-672-32756-2 Pages: 1032 Table of Contents | Index Copyright The Real Value in Free Software About the Authors Acknowledgments We Want to Hear from You! Reader Services Introduction PostgreSQL Features What Versions Does This Book Cover? What Topics Does This Book Cover? What's New in the Second Edition? Part I: General PostgreSQL Use Chapter 1 Introduction to PostgreSQL and SQL A Sample Database Basic Database Terminology Prerequisites Connecting to a Database Creating Tables Viewing Table Descriptions Adding New Records to a Table Installing the Sample Database Retrieving Data from the Sample Database The CASE Expression Aggregates Multi-Table Joins UPDATE DELETE A (Very) Short Introduction to Transaction Processing Creating New Tables Using CREATE TABLE AS Using VIEW Summary Chapter 2 Working with Data in PostgreSQL NULL Values Character Values Numeric Values Date/Time Values Boolean (Logical) Values Geometric Data Types Object IDs (OID) BLOBs Network Address Data Types Sequences Arrays Column Constraints Expression Evaluation and Type Conversion Creating Your Own Data Types Summary Chapter 3 PostgreSQL SQL Syntax and Use PostgreSQL Naming Rules Creating, Destroying, and Viewing Databases Creating New Tables Adding Indexes to a Table Getting Information About Databases and Tables Transaction Processing Summary Chapter 4 Performance How PostgreSQL Organizes Data Gathering Performance Information Understanding How PostgreSQL Executes a Query Execution Plans Generated by the Planner The ARC Buffer Manager Table Statistics Performance Tips Part II: Programming with PostgreSQL Chapter 5 Introduction to PostgreSQL Programming Server-Side Programming Client-Side APIs General Structure of Client Applications Choosing an Application Environment Summary Chapter 6 Extending PostgreSQL Extending the PostgreSQL Server with Custom Functions Returning Multiple Values from an Extension Function The PostgreSQL SRF Interface Returning Complete Rows from an Extension Function Extending the PostgreSQL Server with Custom Data Types Internal and External Forms Defining a Simple Data Type in PostgreSQL Defining the Data Type in C Defining the Input and Output Functions in C Defining the Input and Output Functions in PostgreSQL Defining the Data Type in PostgreSQL Indexing Custom Data Types Summary Chapter 7 PL/pgSQL Installing PL/pgSQL Language Structure Function Body Cursors Triggers Polymorphic Functions PL/pgSQL and Security Summary Chapter 8 The PostgreSQL C APIlibpq Prerequisites Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 3Simple ProcessingPQexec() and PQprint() Client 4An Interactive Query Processor Summary Chapter 9 A Simpler C APIlibpgeasy Prerequisites Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 3Processing Queries Client 4An Interactive Query Processor Summary Chapter 10 The New PostgreSQL C++ APIlibpqxx Prerequisites Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 3Processing Queries Client 4Working with transactors Summary Chapter 11 Embedding SQL Commands in C Programsecpg Prerequisites Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 3Processing SQL Commands Client 4An Interactive Query Processor Summary Chapter 12 Using PostgreSQL from an ODBC Client Application ODBC Architecture Overview Prerequisites Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 3Processing Queries Client 4An Interactive Query Processor Summary Resources Chapter 13 Using PostgreSQL from a Java Client Application JDBC Architecture Overview Prerequisites Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 3Processing Queries Client 4An Interactive Query Processor Summary Chapter 14 Using PostgreSQL with Perl DBI Architecture Overview Prerequisites Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 3Processing Queries Client 4An Interactive Query Processor Summary Chapter 15 Using PostgreSQL with PHP PHP Architecture Overview Prerequisites Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 3Query Processing Client 4An Interactive Query Processor Other Features Summary Chapter 16 Using PostgreSQL with Tcl and Tcl/Tk Prerequisites Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 2Query Processing Client 3An Interactive Query Processor The libpgtcl Large-Object API Summary Chapter 17 Using PostgreSQL with Python Python/PostgreSQL Interface Architecture Prerequisites Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 3Query Processing Client 4An Interactive Command Processor Summary Chapter 18 Npgsql: The NET Data Provider Prerequisites Preparing Visual Studio Understanding the ADO.NET Class Hierarchy Creating an Npgsql-enabled VB Project Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 2An Interactive Query Processor Client 3Updating the Database with a DataSet Client 4A More Robust Query Processor Client 5Using a Typed DataSet Summary Chapter 19 Other Useful Programming Tools PL/JavaWriting Stored Procedures in Java pgcurlWeb-enabling Your PostgreSQL Server pgbashWriting PostgreSQL-enabled Shell Scripts Part III: PostgreSQL Administration Chapter 20 Introduction to PostgreSQL Administration Security User Accounts Backup and Restore Server Startup and Shutdown Running PostgreSQL on a Windows Host Tuning Installing Updates Localization Summary Chapter 21 PostgreSQL Administration Roadmap (Where's All My Stuff?) Installing PostgreSQL Managing Databases The PostgreSQL BGWRITER process Managing User Accounts Configuring Your PostgreSQL Runtime Environment Arranging for PostgreSQL Startup and Shutdown Backing Up and Copying Databases Point-in-time Recovery Summary Endnotes Chapter 22 Internationalization and Localization Locale Support Multi-Byte Character Sets Summary Endnotes Chapter 23 Security Securing the PostgreSQL Data Files Securing Network Access Securing Tables Securing Functions Summary Chapter 24 Replicating PostgreSQL Data with Slony Overview Requirements Creating a Replication Cluster Starting the Replication Daemons Creating a Replication Set Subscribing to a Replication Set Changing the Cluster Topology (Re-mastering and Failover) Summary Chapter 25 Contributed Modules Exchanging PostgreSQL Data with XML Using Full-text Search Index Copyright Copyright © 2006 by Sams Publishing All rights reserved No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2004097929 Printed in the United States of America First Printing: July 2005 08 07 06 05 4 3 2 1 Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this information Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark Warning and Disclaimer Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied The information provided is on an "as is" basis The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book Bulk Sales Sams Publishing offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales For more information, please contact U.S Corporate and Government Sales 1-800-382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside of the U.S., please contact International Sales international@pearsoned.com Credits Acquisitions Editor Shelley Johnston Development Editor Damon Jordan Managing Editor Charlotte Clapp ... But, you only get to see what the vendor wants you to see The vendor isn't trying to hide things from you (in most cases), but without complete access to the source code, they have to pick and choose how to expose information... I strongly encourage you to dive into the PostgreSQL source code You will learn from it You might even decide to contribute to the project Korry Douglas About the Authors Korry Douglas is the director of research and development for... would provide a portable interface to system functions such as shared memory and network access They decided to factor the portability layer into a library separate from their main project The result is the Apache Portable Runtimea library of code that