Begin Reading Table of Contents About the Authors Copyright Page Thank you for buying this Henry Holt and Company ebook To receive special offers, bonus content, and info on new releases and other great reads, sign up for our newsletters Or visit us online at us.macmillan.com/newslettersignup For email updates on Bill O’Reilly, click here For email updates on Martin Dugard, click here The author and publisher have provided this e-book to you for your personal use only You may not make this e-book publicly available in any way Copyright infringement is against the law If you believe the copy of this e-book you are reading infringes on the author’s copyright, please notify the publisher at: us.macmillanusa.com/piracy This book is dedicated to all those who are caring for an elderly person You are noble Acknowledgments The usual suspects helped me get it all down on paper: my assistant for more than twenty years Makeda Wubneh, literary agent to the stars Eric Simonoff, perspicacious publisher Steve Rubin, wise editor Gillian Blake, and my TV boss Roger Ailes Thank you, guys! —BILL O’REILLY Thanks to Eric Simonoff, the world’s greatest agent and the man who made the O’Reilly/Dugard team a reality To the calm and very organized Makeda Wubneh To Steve Rubin and Gillian Blake at Holt, for their wit, insight, and quick reads To Al and Rosemary Dugard To my boys: Devin, Connor, and Liam And as always to Calene, who makes me a better man —MARTIN DUGARD God had a divine purpose in placing this land between two great oceans to be found by those who had a special love of freedom and courage —RONALD REAGAN Prologue REAGAN HOME BEL-AIR, CALIFORNIA JUNE 5, 2004 1:08 P M The man with one minute to live is no longer confused Ronald Reagan lapsed into a coma two days ago His wife, Nancy, sits at the side of the bed, holding the former president’s hand Emotionally and physically exhausted by the ordeal, she quietly sobs as her body rocks in grief Reagan’s breathing has become ragged and inconsistent After ten long years of slow descent toward the grave due to Alzheimer’s disease, a bout of pneumonia brought on by food particles caught in his lungs has delivered the knockout blow Nancy knows that her beloved Ronnie’s time has come Counting the former president, six people crowd into the bedroom There is his physician, Dr Terry Schaack; and Laura, the Irish nurse whose soft brogue the president is known to find soothing Two of his grown children stand at the bedside Ron, forty-six, and Patti, fifty-one, have been holding vigil with their mother for days They have a reputation for conflict with their parents, but on this day those quarrels have vanished as they lend their mother emotional support An adopted son from Reagan’s first marriage, Michael, has also been summoned, but he is caught in Los Angeles traffic and will miss the president’s final breath Outside the single-story, three-bedroom house, the foggy Pacific marine layer has burned off, replaced by a warm summer sun The hydrangea and white camellia bushes are in full bloom A media horde has gathered on St Cloud Road in Reagan’s posh Bel-Air neighborhood, waiting with their cameras and news trucks for the inevitable moment when the fortieth president of the United States passes away The former actor and college football player is ninety-three Even into his seventies, he was so vigorous that he rode the hills of his Santa Barbara ranch on horseback for hours and cleared acres of thick hillside brush all by himself But years ago his mind betrayed him Reagan slowly lapsed into a dementia so severe that it has been a decade since he appeared in public The root cause could have been genetic, for his mother was not lucid in her final days Or it might have been the result of a near-death experience caused by a gunman’s bullet twenty-three years ago Whatever the reason, Reagan’s decline has been dramatic Over the past ten years, he has spent most days sleeping or looking out at the sweeping view of Los Angeles from his flagstone veranda His smile is warm, but his mind is vacant Eventually, he lost the ability even to recognize family and friends When Reagan’s oldest child from his first marriage, Maureen, was dying of melanoma in a Santa Monica hospital in 2001, the former president was in the same hospital being treated for a broken hip—yet was too confused to see her So now, the man who lies at home in a hospital bed, clad in comfortable pajamas, is a shell of his former self His blue eyes, the last time he opened them, were dense, the color of chalk His voice, which once lent itself to great oration, is silent Another breath, this one more jagged than the last Nancy’s tears fall onto the bedsheets at the onset of the death rattle Suddenly, Ronald Reagan opens his eyes He stares intently at Nancy “They weren’t chalky or vague,” Patti Davis will later write of her father’s eyes “They were clear and blue and full of love.” The room hushes Closing his eyes, Reagan takes his final breath The former leader of the free world, the man who defeated Soviet communism and ended the Cold War, is dead CONVENTION CENTER MUSIC HALL CLEVELAND, OHIO OCTOBER 28, 1980 9:30 P M The man with twenty-four years to live steps onstage Polite applause washes over Ronald Reagan as he strides to his lectern for the 1980 presidential debate.1 The former movie star and two-term governor of California is striving to become president of the United States at the relatively advanced age of sixty-nine His jet-black pompadour, which he swears he does not dye, is held in place by a dab of Brylcreem.2 His high cheeks are noticeably rosy, as if they have been rouged—although the color may also have come from the glass of wine he had with dinner At six foot one and 190 pounds, Reagan stands tall and straight, but his appearance does not intimidate: rather, he looks to be approachable and kind The governor’s opponent is incumbent president Jimmy Carter At five nine and 155 pounds, the slender Carter has the build of a man who ran cross-country in college In fact, the president still makes time for four miles a day Carter is a political junkie, immersing himself in every last nuance of a campaign He has made a huge surge in the polls over the last two months Carter knows that with one week until Election Day, the race is almost dead even The winner of this debate will most likely win the presidency, and if it is Carter, his comeback will be one of the greatest in modern history In another reality, a Carter loss would make him the first president in nearly fifty years to be voted out of office after just one full term Still boyish at fifty-six, but with a face lined by the rigors of the presidency, he now stands opposite Reagan, a man he loathes The feeling is mutual Reagan privately refers to the current president of the United States as “a little shit.” * * * As President Carter stands behind the pale-blue lectern, he makes a sly sideward glance at his opponent Carter is all business and believes that Ronald Reagan is not his intellectual equal He has publicly stated that Reagan is “untruthful and dangerous” and “different than me in almost every basic element of commitment and experience and promise to the American people.” Colombia Communism fall of Hollywood and Soviet Congress HUAC hearings Connally, John Coolidge, Calvin Cooper, Gary Corbin, Paul Cox, Edward Cronkite, Walter Crusade for Freedom Cuba Culvahouse, A B Dark Victory (film) Davis, Bette Davis, Loyal Davis, Patti Playboy interview Dean, James Dean, John Deaver, Michael de Cordova, Fred Delahanty, Thomas Democratic Party De Niro, Robert deVeau, Leslie Dole, Bob Donaldson, Sam Donovan, Raymond economy Reagan policies Edwards, Penny Egypt Eisenhower, Dwight El Salvador Falklands War FBI Fénykövi elephant Ferraro, Geraldine film industry See Hollywood; specific films, actors, directors, and studios Flynn, Errol football Ford, Betty Ford, Gerald background of 1976 presidential campaign Reagan and Ford, John Foster, Jodie Fromme, Lynette “Squeaky” Gable, Clark Galtieri, Leopoldo General Electric Theater (TV show) Gergen, David Germany Berlin Wall Giordano, Joseph Goldwater, Barry Gorbachev, Mikhail Grant, Cary Great Britain Falklands War 10 Downing Street Grenada invasion Griscom, Thomas Gulick, Robert and Sally guns Haig, Alexander shooting of Reagan and Hall, Fawn Heckler, Margaret Hezbollah Hinckley, Jack and Jo Ann Hinckley, John, Jr arrest for gun possession assassination attempt on Reagan, and aftermath background of Jodie Foster and mental illness and withdrawal from society plan to kill Reagan in prison Hinerfeld, Ruth Hitchens, Christopher Hitler, Adolf Holden, William Hollywood Communism and politics and Reagan’s film career Screen Actors Guild homosexuality Hoover, Herbert Hoover, J Edgar Hope, Bob Hopper, John House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) Humphrey, Hubert Illinois “Image of America and the Youth of the World, The” (Town Meeting of the World debate) immigration inflation interest rates Iowa Iran 1979 hostage crisis shah of Iran-Contra scandal Iraq Israel jellybeans Johnson, Lyndon Kelly, Gene Kennedy, Jacqueline Lee “Jackie” Kennedy, John F assassination of in Berlin 1960 presidential election Kennedy, Robert F assassination of Kennedy, Ted Chappaquiddick incident 1980 presidential campaign Kerry, John KGB Khomeini, Ayatollah Khrushchev, Nikita Killers, The (film) King’s Row (film) Kissinger, Henry Knute Rockne All American (film) Kohl, Helmut Kopechne, Mary Jo Kramer, Stanley labor unions Larson, Christine Las Vegas Laurie, Piper Lebanon Lennon, John Lincoln, Abraham MacArthur, Douglas Mailer, Norman Manson, Charles McCarthy, Joseph McCarthy, Tim McCord, James media See press; radio; television Meese, Edwin MGM military Beirut bombings Grenada invasion Reagans service in Mitterrand, Franỗois Mondale, Walter 1984 presidential campaign Monroe, Marilyn moon landing Morley, Karen “Morning in America” commercials Mudd, Roger Muslim extremism NASA National Institute of Mental Health National Review NATO Neal, Patricia Nelson, Ricky Newsweek New York Times Nicaragua Nixon, Pat Nixon, Richard funeral of 1960 presidential campaign 1962 California gubernatorial race 1968 presidential election 1972 presidential election Reagan and resignation of Watergate and Nofziger, Lyn North, Oliver nuclear weapons Obama, Barack oil price controls O’Neill, Thomas “Tip” Opfer, George Pakistan Palestine Liberation Organization Parr, Jerry Parsons, Louella Patton, George Powell, Colin Powell, Jody presidential elections: of 1960 of 1964 of 1968 of 1972 of 1976 of 1980 of 1984 of 1988 of 2000 press Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) Quigley, Joan radio Rather, Dan Reagan, Christine Reagan, Jack Reagan, Maureen Reagan, Michael Reagan, Nancy background of breast cancer of clothing of extravagance in White House film career as First Lady ice queen reputation leaves White House life after Reagan’s death marriage to Reagan Reagan’s Alzheimer’s diagnosis and Reagan’s death and Reagan’s political career and vs Don Regan shooting of Reagan, and aftermath Reagan, Nelle Reagan, Ron, Jr Reagan, Ronald age issue Alzheimer’s of anticommunist views army service assassination attempt and aftermath becomes president becomes a Republican childhood of death of domestic policy early interest in politics as a father film career film career decline finances of Ford and foreign policy funeral of as governor of California Grenada invasion hair of head injury hearing problem Hinckley plans assassination of horses and inauguration Iran-Contra scandal journal of leaves White House marriage to Jane Wyman marriage to Nancy Davis memorization skills mental and physical decline 1976 presidential campaign 1980 presidential election 1984 presidential election Nixon and passivity and disengagement of physical appearance political style and routine Presidential Library ranch of recovery after shooting Screen Actors Guild and Soviet policy speeches of on television Thatcher and Vegas career as a womanizer Regan, Don religion Republican Party Republic Pictures Revere, Anne Robinson, Edward G Rockefeller, Nelson Ronald Reagan, USS Roosevelt, Franklin D Rumsfeld, Donald Santa Fe Trail (film) Saturday Night Live (TV show) Schaack, Terry Schlesinger, James Schwarzenegger, Arnold Screen Actors Guild (SAG) Secret Service Reagan assassination attempt and September 11 terrorist attacks Sheffield, HMS Sheridan, Ann Shultz, George Sinatra, Frank Sirica, John 60 Minutes (TV show) Smith, Howard K Sorrell, Herb South America South Georgia Island Soviet Union Communist regime economy gulags nuclear weapons Reagan policy Space Shuttle Speakes, Larry “The Speech” Springsteen, Bruce Stahl, Leslie Stalin, Joseph Stewart, Jimmy Stockman, David Stone, Marvin suicide bombings Taxi Driver (film) Taylor, Patricia television 1980 presidential debates Reagan on terrorism Thatcher, Margaret background of death of Falklands War Gorbachev and Reagan and “A Time for Choosing” speech Time magazine torture Tower Commission Truman, Harry unemployment United Nations Universal Studios Vietnam War voter turnout Wallace, George Wallace, Mike Wall Street Journal Walters, Barbara Warner, Jack Warner Bros Pictures Warsaw Pact Washington Post Washington Star Watergate affair Wayne, John Weinberger, Caspar White House Reagan leaves Resolute desk Situation Room Will, George Wood, Natalie World Vision World War I World War II Wyman, Jane film career marriage to Reagan yellow ribbon tradition About the Authors BILL O’REILLY is the anchor of The O’Reilly Factor, the highest-rated cable news show in the country He is the author of many number-one bestselling books, including Killing Lincoln, Killing Kennedy, Killing Jesus, and Killing Patton You can sign up for email updates here MARTIN DUGARD is the New York Times bestselling author of several books of history He and his wife live in Southern California with their three sons You can sign up for email updates here ALSO BY BILL O’REILLY AND MARTIN DUGARD Killing Lincoln Killing Kennedy Killing Jesus Killing Patton Thank you for buying this Henry Holt and Company ebook To receive special offers, bonus content, and info on new releases and other great reads, sign up for our newsletters Or visit us online at us.macmillan.com/newslettersignup For email updates on Bill O’Reilly, click here For email updates on Martin Dugard, click here Contents Title Page Copyright Notice Dedication Acknowledgments Epigraph Prologue Chapter One Chapter Two Chapter Three Chapter Four Chapter Five Chapter Six Chapter Seven Chapter Eight Chapter Nine Chapter Ten Chapter Eleven Chapter Twelve Chapter Thirteen Chapter Fourteen Chapter Fifteen Chapter Sixteen Chapter Seventeen Chapter Eighteen Chapter Nineteen Chapter Twenty Chapter Twenty-One Chapter Twenty-Two Chapter Twenty-Three Chapter Twenty-Four Chapter Twenty-Five Chapter Twenty-Six Chapter Twenty-Seven Chapter Twenty-Eight Chapter Twenty-Nine Chapter Thirty Chapter Thirty-One Chapter Thirty-Two Chapter Thirty-Three Notes Afterword Last Word Sources Illustration Credits Index About the Authors Also by Bill O’Reilly and Martin Dugard Copyright KILLING REAGAN: THE VIOLENT ASSAULT THAT CHANGED A PRESIDENCY Copyright © 2015 by Henry Holt All rights reserved For information, address Henry Holt and Co., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y 10010 www.henryholt.com Cover design: Rick Pracher; cover photographs © copyright: Arnold Newman/Getty Images (Ronald Reagan), Harry Langdon/Getty Images (Nancy Reagan), eyevine/REDUX (John Hinckley) Our e-books may be purchased in bulk for promotional, educational, or business use Please contact the Macmillan Corporate and Premium Sales Department at (800) 221-7945, extension 5442, or by e-mail at MacmillanSpecialMarkets@macmillan.com The Library of Congress has cataloged the print edition as follows: O’Reilly, Bill Killing Reagan: the violent assault that changed a presidency / Bill O’Reilly and Martin Dugard — First edition pages cm ISBN 978-1-62779-241-7 (hardcover)—ISBN 978-1-62779-242-4 (e-book) Reagan, Ronald—Assassination attempt, 1981 United States—Politics and government—1981–1989 I Dugard, Martin II Title E877.3.O74 2015 973.927092—dc23 2015018751 e-ISBN 978-1-62779-242-4 First Edition: September 2015 ... Rubin and Gillian Blake at Holt, for their wit, insight, and quick reads To Al and Rosemary Dugard To my boys: Devin, Connor, and Liam And as always to Calene, who makes me a better man MARTIN DUGARD. .. Academy and spent his military career onboard nuclear submarines The Georgia native with the toothy smile possesses an easy command of facts and figures He has hands-on experience in foreign and. .. of Liberia and lured into captivity with a bundle of bananas Since coming to Hollywood, Peggy has been taught to understand 502 voice commands, ride a tricycle, backflips on cue, and put on a