Advances in communications and media research volume 12

ADVANCES IN COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA RESEARCH ADVANCES IN COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA RESEARCH VOLUME 12 No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services ADVANCES IN COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA RESEARCH Additional books in this series can be found on Nova’s website under the Series tab Additional e-books in this series can be found on Nova’s website under the eBooks tab ADVANCES IN COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA RESEARCH ADVANCES IN COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA RESEARCH VOLUME 12 ANTHONY V STAVROS EDITOR Copyright © 2017 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher We have partnered with Copyright Clearance Center to make it easy for you to obtain permissions to reuse content from this publication Simply navigate to this publication’s page on Nova’s website and locate the “Get Permission” button below the title description This button is linked directly to the title’s permission page on copyright.com Alternatively, you can visit copyright.com and search by title, ISBN, or ISSN For further questions about using the service on copyright.com, please contact: Copyright Clearance Center Phone: +1-(978) 750-8400 Fax: +1-(978) 750-4470 E-mail: info@copyright.com NOTICE TO THE READER The Publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this book, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained in this book The Publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance upon, this material Any parts of this book based on government reports are so indicated and copyright is claimed for those parts to the extent applicable to compilations of such works Independent verification should be sought for any data, advice or recommendations contained in this book In addition, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from any methods, products, instructions, ideas or otherwise contained in this publication This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered herein It is sold with the clear understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering legal or any other professional services If legal or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent person should be sought FROM A DECLARATION OF PARTICIPANTS JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COMMITTEE OF PUBLISHERS Additional color graphics may be available in the e-book version of this book Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ISBN: H%RRN ISSN: 2159-1695 Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc † New York CONTENTS Preface Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter vii From Software to UWB Radio Communications: A Brief Introduction Vasilis Christofilakis, Giorgos Tatsis, Constantinos I Votis and Panos Kostarakis Wideband Slotted Microstrip Antennas for Modern Applications Amel Boufrioua 35 Device-to-Device Communications in 5G Networks: Technical Challenges and Security Issues Anargyros J Roumeliotis and Athanasios D Panagopoulos 57 The Use of Mobile Devices to Support Young People with Disabilities Damian Maher and Kirsty Young On the Singular Optimal Control of Switched Systems Vadim Azhmyakov and Carlos M Velezy 101 127 vi Chapter Index Contents A Pedagogical Proposal to Support the Teaching of History with Audiovisual Content, Including Video Game Advertising: The Example of Assassin`s Creed IV: Black Flag and Privateer Amaro Pargo Enrique Carrasco Molina 145 165 PREFACE In a society predicated on information, the media has a pervasive presence From government policy to leisure television, the information age touches us all The papers collected in this book constitute some of today's leading analyses of the information industry Together, these essays represent a needed foundation for understanding the present state and future development of the mass media Current trends in communications as well as media impact on public opinion are studied and reported on Topics include a brief introduction on software radio to ultra wideband radio communications; wideband slotted microstrip antennas for modern applications; Device-toDevice (D2D) communication in 5G networks; the use of mobile devices to support young people with disabilities; and singular optimal control of switched systems The final chapter is a proposal to support the teaching of history with audiovisual content, including video game advertising Chapter – Sixteen years after the dawn of the new millennium, strong trends in telecommunications drive to adaptable wideband communication systems This effort is primarily motivated by two technological concepts: software radio (SWR) and ultra wideband (UWB) communications The design, development and implementation of SWR involve either hardware or software challenges such as analog to digital and digital signal processing speed, power consumption, waveform application portability, software modularity Upon completing all these challenges and with the enormous advantages of UWB communications, fully programmable, unlicensed, low power radios, minimizing interfering with other systems, will be realized Furthermore, due to the large spectral coverage, UWB communications show little loss of penetration in the materials, making it a perfect candidate for emergency applications and harsh environments This chapter focuses on SWR 154 Enrique Carrasco Molina Figures 9, 10, 11 In the actions of naval battle between two ships can be seen in great detail how was artillery fire and how it ravaged the crew when the projectile ran along the deck In other pictures we see some techniques boarding and some attack techniques (chains dropped from the guns, incendiary barrels and mortars, among others) © 2013 Ubisoft Entertainment All Rights Reserved Assassin’s Creed, Black Flag, Ubisoft, and the Ubisoft logo are trademarks of Ubisoft Entertainment in the US and/or other countries A Pedagogical Proposal to Support the Teaching of History … 155 Navigation techniques and naval battles The main techniques of navigation and naval combat display in Assassin’s Creed IV: Black Flag are the pirate approach, the combat on the decks, artillery fire, and some maneuvers coastal navigation, berthing docks, using boats to big fish and fishing trips offshore However, it is important to note that, to underline the dynamic movement of characters and the development of the different phases of the game, the ships move too fast Figure 12 © 2013 Ubisoft Entertainment All Rights Reserved Assassin’s Creed, Black Flag, Ubisoft, and the Ubisoft logo are trademarks of Ubisoft Entertainment in the US and/or other countries Trade and transport Assassin’s Creed IV: Black Flag incorporates a character that represents the typical personality of shrewd merchant and traveler, connoisseur of all ports in the New World and desirable goods that has brought America to the old European empires At certain times we can see all types of transportation, horses, donkeys, carts and sailing ships, besides the intense movement of goods in the Caribbean docks Figure 13 Blackbeard’s intervention marks a time of great appeal to the narrative given in the game © 2013 Ubisoft Entertainment All Rights Reserved Assassin’s Creed, Black Flag, Ubisoft, and the Ubisoft logo are trademarks of Ubisoft Entertainment in the US and/or other countries 156 Enrique Carrasco Molina Inclusion of characters that existed (example: Blackbeard) The inclusion of personalities who really existed is a common resource of literature or historical fiction; the film also takes every opportunity to so And the viewer seems attractive Clearly, any student you can also be very interesting to see how “resuscitate” characters that marked a period of history, as this time, thanks to Assassin’s Creed IV: Black Flag, pirates and privateers as Blackbeard (Edward Thatch), in the videogame, or Amaro Pargo (Amaro Rodríguez Tejera Felipe and Machado), in the documentary launched at the same time as the marketing campaign In this case a curious circumstance occurs Both sailors were born in the near future (Amaro Pargo in 1678, and Blackbeard in 1680) and it seems that both navigators fought in various battles for several reasons Figure 14 Figure 15 A Pedagogical Proposal to Support the Teaching of History … 157 Figure 16 Figures 14, 15, 16 As seen in both pictures (an image of the Cuban cathedral published in the online photographic platform morguefile.com), the distinctive architectural style of the Cathedral of the Virgin Mary of the Immaculate Conception of Havana, represented in recognized old Havana where the protagonists appearing Assassin’s Creed IV: Black Flag In the picture below a graphic studio typical colorful colonial Havana, exclusively designed for this game it is presented © 2013 Ubisoft Entertainment All Rights Reserved Assassin’s Creed, Black Flag, Ubisoft, and the Ubisoft logo are trademarks of Ubisoft Entertainment in the US and/or other countries Houses, religious temples, buildings (different architectural typologies) Various architectural and construction styles are shown in the various audiovisual pieces that make up the universe of Assassin’s Creed: Black Flag from thatched houses, sheds, farms and colonial houses to palaces, temples and churches The most notable presence of this game is old Havana, capital of Cuba and cosmopolitan city with intense commercial activity between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries 158 Enrique Carrasco Molina Figure 17 Figure 18 Figures 17, 18 © 2013 Ubisoft Entertainment All Rights Reserved Assassin’s Creed, Black Flag, Ubisoft, and the Ubisoft logo are trademarks of Ubisoft Entertainment in the US and/or other countries Racism and the fight against slavery Among the audiovisual proposals that accompanied the release of Assassin’s Creed IV: Black Flag is the downloaded content Cry Freedom, one of the most interesting in the universe of the series contributions It is the personal story of Adewale, a black marine burly crew belonging to Edward Kenway, who considered him as a faithful sidekick Adewale led several missions to the principal object of freeing the slaves of Port-au-Prince and begin the revolution against slavery in the French colonies The idea that an African warrior can deliver his own people, taking it as a vindictive and heroic act in the crudest era of slavery, is very original This cinematic downloaded content was converted by Ubisoft separate set because of the success acquired a few months of launch Looking ahead to the exposure of this film independently students, it can be very useful to explain the harshness of slavery and how it could fight it despite the A Pedagogical Proposal to Support the Teaching of History … 159 difficulties, reinforcing the values of equality and justice The history of mankind has given us some key examples regarding the fight against slavery, from the gladiator Spartacus to Nelson Mandela Adewale could represent in fiction what other heroes defended at different levels, either directly or struggle in the sociopolitical realities, joining in the various abolitionist movements or postulating in apartheid The fact Edward Kenway was a friend and considered to Adewale as a faithful companion of battles keeps certain parallels with the life of Amaro Pargo who is known to have a high regard for his slave, Christopher Lynch, whose skeletal remains are in the same crypt which rested on the famous privateer Apparently, Amaro Pargo ordered in his will that Lynch “was never missing food, no clothing, no attention and when died in the same grave rest for, as was done.” Figure 19 © 2013 Ubisoft Entertainment All Rights Reserved Assassin’s Creed, Black Flag, Ubisoft, and the Ubisoft logo are trademarks of Ubisoft Entertainment in the US and/or other countries 10 Female personalities with strong character Bastienne is a mature woman with a firm hand runs a brothel in Havana can be a good example to defend gender equality at a time when it was very difficult for women to take important roles in social and political life We can hear very interesting dialogues between the Madame and Adewale, especially to show us that she had contacts in the political sphere of the city Reinforce the student the importance of the concept of “gender equality” is extremely important to the problem of male violence that continues in modern societies 160 Enrique Carrasco Molina THE DOCUMENTARY OF AMARO PARGO Figure 20 A researcher at the Autonomous University of Madrid shows the skull of Amaro Pargo, the Spanish privateer © 2013 Ubisoft Entertainment All Rights Reserved Assassin’s Creed, Black Flag, Ubisoft, and the Ubisoft logo are trademarks of Ubisoft Entertainment in the US and/or other countries 11 Archeological research Ubisoft’s decision to fund, with the support of the company Arqueomedia and the research team at the Autonomous University of Madrid, the exhumation of bones from the Canarian privateer Amaro Pargo, in order to generate content within the promotional campaign it became video game from the start in an advertising tool of extraordinary interest from many points of view He also covered more than the curiosity of many scholars of the time and researchers in the historical, cultural, anthropological and forensic anatomical planes Figure 21 © 2013 Ubisoft Entertainment All Rights Reserved Assassin’s Creed, Black Flag, Ubisoft, and the Ubisoft logo are trademarks of Ubisoft Entertainment in the US and/or other countries A Pedagogical Proposal to Support the Teaching of History … 161 12 Exhumation of bones Entering the tomb of Amaro Pargo, as shown in the documentary, and discover a small crypt with the skeletal remains of several people, including children, some of them holding up as relatives of the privateer, including his parents and his slave, it illustrates very clearly some customs of that period as the burial of important personalities in the soils of Churches [10], or the fact that they could be buried in the same grave common to several relatives Figure 22 © 2013 Ubisoft Entertainment All Rights Reserved Assassin’s Creed, Black Flag, Ubisoft, and the Ubisoft logo are trademarks of Ubisoft Entertainment in the US and/or other countries 13 Houses with views and searching treasures The remains of one of the houses that were owned by Amaro Pargo, located in Machado district (El Rosario, Tenerife) is a vestige of the important heritage of this privateer known to he gave many of the goods and riches getting to the ecclesiastical institution The big house, which had a large number of rooms, there are only walls shattered whose degree of deterioration not only has to with the years, but also with the anxiety of many people on the island who have dug everywhere believing that even the privateer hid his treasure in a hollow of the house Another curiosity of this property is its location, since you can easily check how, from the windows of any of its rooms could spot any ship many kilometers away and a considerable spatial extent as the horizon of the coast of Tenerife, from this point, it is remarkably broad 162 Enrique Carrasco Molina Figure 23 © 2013 Ubisoft Entertainment All Rights Reserved Assassin’s Creed, Black Flag, Ubisoft, and the Ubisoft logo are trademarks of Ubisoft Entertainment in the US and/or other countries 14 DNA analysis, description of diseases and injuries of the time Amaro Pargo The study of DNA of captain Pargo and their relatives buried in the crypt of Santo Domingo can be a suggestive shows to explain to different types of students, including medical students, how, from bone diagnosis we can come to conclude important data, such as diseases that could collapse Pargo and injuries to which he was subjected during his long life on board ships and in continuous contact with battles naval and melee fights After analysis of their remains, several interesting facts were obtained, as his height of 1.66 meters [11] It was also found that, just “as noted by some accounts, young he had received a terrible stabbed during a fight That marked wound left him broke his collarbone and a rib In his bones no traces of disease nor the cause of his death, at age 69, an advanced age for the time It may be that longevity was due to their diet was based on fish, as they revealed his teeth.” CONCLUSION Having approached in this study the graphic universe and documentary a game like Assassin’s Creed IV: Black Flag, allows us to be clear about how the audiovisual language about knowledge the student by a principle of logic that, in the case of this game, is flamboyance associated with the proposals and the dynamism and original screenplay If we delve more, and so we did, we sure that Assassin’s Creed IV: Black Flag could be, for teachers of History, the ideal time to explain certain A Pedagogical Proposal to Support the Teaching of History … 163 concepts related to life in the Caribbean colonies events during the century complement XVIII, including sociological, military, anthropological, architectural, political, and technological The extra content for Assassin’s Creed IV: Black Flag, increase the exponential interest of future buyers and expand the player’s interest and which amplify the details of the historical context in which the protagonists are developed, including characters who really existed, as Amaro Pargo (in the documentary) or Blackbeard (in the video game), recreating environments, landscapes, long dialogues and scenes that not only contemplate action but also leisure, for sustenance (trade, fisheries), political strategy and friendly relations The documentary about Amaro Pargo promoted by Ubisoft brings great value to what represents a videogame as a source of entertainment, and in this sense goes far beyond the show as it stops in history and provides both a pedagogical value as a documentary REFERENCES [1] [2] The archaeological survey and study of the bones found in the crypt where the skeleton of Amaro Pargo have been made by the Spanish company Arqueomedia, an organization that provides historical advice for all types of audiovisual or multimedia production, whether cinema or TV , animation or video games as well as press, television, producers, radio, etc As it is apparent from its website, the team of historians and archivists of Arqueomedia research, filter and synthesizes all the information necessary to advise the client on historical heritage in addressing an audiovisual project In this sense, one of our outstanding work has been done for the multinational Ubisoft video game for the launch of the fourth part of the saga of Assassin`s Creed In it, a team of archaeologists from Arqueomedia with forensic anthropologists from the Autonomous University of Madrid exhumed the remains of privateer Amaro Pargo in the church of Santo Domingo de La Laguna (Tenerife), an initiative that was shown in a documentary recorded on eel research process The goal was to conduct a historical study of the pirate, including DNA testing and recreation of his face Crecente, B (April 13, 2015) Statements contained in Article U.S Department of Education: The future of education includes video games in classrooms Polygon (Http://www.polygon.com/) 164 [3] [4] Enrique Carrasco Molina Information also published in the same article by Brian Crecente Martin Wainwright, A (Agosto de 2014) Teaching Historical Theory through Video Games The History Teacher, Volume 47, Number 4, 580-612 [5] Aguaded Gómez, J.I & Martínez-Salanova Sánchez, E (1998) Medios, recursos y tecnología didáctica para la Formación Profesional Ocupacional, Huelva: FACEP [6] Jiménez, R., Casado, & Gómez, H XII International Conference on University Education Innovation to transform: experiential learning Vice President for Academic Quality and Innovation of the European University Madrid 20 to 21 July 2015 Professors Ricardo Gómez Jiménez and Hilario belong to the Department of Signal Theory and Communications at the Polytechnic School of the University of Alcalá, and Professor Nieves Casado is attached to the Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Pharmacy Building University of Alcalá [7] Sanz, E (6 de noviembre de 2015) Videojuegos para aprender historia, economía y medio ambiente Muy Interesante [www.muyinteresante.es] [8] Iturriaga, D (2015) Teach history making the invisible visible through gaming history in high school chapter of collective book entitled A teaching of social sciences for the future: resources to work invisibility of people, places and themes, coordinated by Hernández A.M., García C R & De la Monta, J.L Universidad de Extremadura y Asociación Universitaria del Profesorado de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales (AUPDSC), 217-222 [9] Autores varios (2015) Guinness Book of the Récords Barcelona: Editorial Planeta [10] The author of this study has had a special interest in this subject for several issues, among others, have been married in the Church of Santo Domingo de Guzmán (La Laguna), where the crypt of Amaro Pargo is located and for being co-worker of one of the journalists who has studied the biography of that character, Domingo Garcia Barbuzano [11] Information published in the same newspaper article quoted above from Laura Docampo INDEX # C 5G, v, vii, viii, 11, 57, 58, 62, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97 5G cellular networks, 58, 95 5G networks, v, vii, 57, 78, 82, 85, 90, 92, 94 Capital Expenditure (CAPEX), 58, 75 Carrier Aggregation (CA), 28, 29, 58, 74, 76, 122 cellular, viii, 10, 11, 12, 24, 37, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 69, 70, 75, 80, 81, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98 Cellular Mode (CM), 58, 69 Cellular User Equipment (CUE), 58, 63, 86, 87 Channel State Information (CSI), 58, 86, 87, 88, 89 circular, viii, 35, 36, 37, 38, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN), 58, 74, 75 Cognitive Radio Network (CRN), 58, 74, 76, 99 Cognitive Spectrum Access (CSA), 58, 80 communication, vii, ix, 1, 101 communication difficulties, ix, 101, 102, 107, 120 communication disabilities, ix, 101 consumer Internet of Things (cIoT), 58, 77 Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP), 58, 74, 75 CSA, 58, 80 A Access Point (AP), 58, 87 Amaro Pargo, vi, ix, x, 145, 146, 147, 156, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164 antenna technology, viii, 35 Application Programming Interface (API), 58, 76 Assassin`s Creed IV Black Flag (2013), vi, ix, 145, 147, 149, 150, 151 B Base Station (BS), 9, 11, 19, 58, 61, 62, 64, 66, 82, 86, 87, 88 Baseband Unit (BBU), 58, 75 Blackbeard, x, 146, 155, 156, 163 166 Index D D2D User Equipments (DUEs), 58, 63, 64, 66, 67, 69, 72, 79, 80, 82, 83, 86, 87, 88, 90 Dedicated Mode (DM), 58, 69 Denial of Service (DoS), 58, 83 Destination (D), 65, 85 Device-to-Device (D2D), v, vii, viii, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 95, 96, 97, 98 Device-to-Device (D2D) communication(s), viii, 57, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 80, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 95, 96, 97, 98 digital signal processing, vii, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 30 disability, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 115, 117, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125 downlink (DL), 58, 61, 66, 69, 76, 86, 87, 88 French Revolution, x, 146 Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), 59, 69 Full Duplex (FD), 59, 69, 74 G Generalized Fractional Programming (GFP), 59, 89 Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM), 59, 76 Graph Coloring Pilot Allocation (GCPA), 59, 80 H Half Duplex (HD), 59, 69 HetNets (Heterogeneous Networks), 59, 74, 89, 98 High Power Node (HPN), 59, 89 Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), 59, 66 I E Eavesdropper (E), 85 End-to-End (E2E), 72 evolved Node B (eNB), 58, 61, 65, 66, 67, 69, 72, 80 Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 58, 66, 71, 82 Evolved-Universal Terrestrial Access Network (E-UTRAN), 58, 63, 64, 65, 66, 71 Industrial Internet of Things (iIoT), 59, 77 information age, vii information industry, vii Interleave Division Multiple Access (IDMA), 59, 76 Internet of Things (IoT), 59, 72, 73, 74, 77, 80, 93 iPads, 109, 116, 123 K F Fifth Generation (5G), v, vii, viii, 11, 57, 58, 62, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97 Filtered Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), 59, 76 FirstNet (First Responder Network), 59, 70 Fourth Generation (4G), 24, 58, 61, 62, 77, 94 Kuhn-Munkres (KM), 59, 87 L Light-Emitting Diode (LED), 59, 74 Line of Sight (LoS), 59, 74, 75 167 Index Long Term Evolution (LTE), 59, 61, 64, 66, 69, 70, 71, 72, 80, 81, 82, 92, 93, 95, 96 Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A), 59, 61, 66, 72, 80, 96 Long Term Evolution-Direct (LTE-D), 59, 70 Low Power Node (LPN), 59, 89 low power radio, vii, 1, Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), 59, 62 Operating Expenditure (OPEX), 59, 73, 75 Optimal Control Problems (OCPs), ix, 127, 128, 131, 132, 133, 135, 138, 140 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), 59, 69, 87, 92 M patch antenna, viii, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 people with disabilities, v, vii, 101, 102, 110, 116, 117, 119, 120 Physical Layer (PHY), ix, 57, 59, 62, 63, 69, 70, 84, 85, 87, 88, 97, 98 Poisson Point Process (PPP), 59, 88 Primary User (PU), 60, 76 Proximity Service (ProSe), 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 70, 71, 72, 79, 82, 91, 92, 93 Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), 59, 64, 65, 71 public opinion, vii Public Safety (PS), 59, 60, 61, 65, 70, 71 Machine-to-Machine (M2M), 59, 74, 77, 80, 95, 96 Machine-Type-Communication (MTC), 59, 72 Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (Massive MIMO), 74, 80, 94 Medium Access Control (MAC), 59, 70, 76 meter, 59, 74, 75, 76, 79 methodological resource, ix, 145, 146 microstrip patch antenna, viii, 35, 36, 37, 38, 42, 50, 53, 54, 55 milli-meter Wave (mm-Wave), 59, 74, 75, 76, 79 Mission Critical Push-To-Talk (MCPTT), 59, 71 Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), 59, 61 mobile device, v, vii, ix, 61, 76, 82, 101, 102, 108, 109, 110, 113, 115, 116, 120 mobile devices, v, vii, ix, 61, 76, 82, 101, 102, 108, 109, 110, 113, 115, 116, 120 N National Public Safety Telecommunications Council (NPSTC), 59, 70 Network Function Virtualization (NFV), 59, 74, 75 Nondeterministic Polynomial (NP), 59, 90 O One-to-Many (O2M), 59, 65 One-to-One (O2O), 59, 65, 112 P Q quality of service (QoS), 60, 62, 64, 72, 87 R radio, vii, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 32, 34 Radio Access Network (RAN), 58, 60, 70, 75, 93 radio frequency (RF), 3, 7, 17, 20, 22, 24, 27, 28, 36, 60, 71, 95 radio resource management (RRM), 60, 69, 71, 98 rectangular, viii, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 relay (R), 60, 64, 65, 72, 80, 82, 85, 86, 95 release (Rel), 60, 61, 62, 64, 71, 72, 81, 93, 158 168 Index Remote Radio Head (RRH), 60, 75 Road Side Unit (RSU), 60, 77 S Second Generation (2G), 58, 62 Secondary User (SU), 60, 76 secrecy capacity, ix, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 97 Secrecy Capacity (SC), ix, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 69, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 97 Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP), 60, 86, 87 security, v, viii, 6, 9, 12, 19, 57, 58, 62, 63, 72, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 96, 97, 98, 99 Seven Years’ War, x, 146 Shared Mode (SM), 60, 69, 99 Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR), 26, 60, 80, 88 Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), 60, 69 slot, viii, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 67 slot loaded patch antenna, viii, 35 slot loaded rectangular patch antenna, viii, 36, 38, 39, 41, 42, 47, 52, 53, 56 software, vii, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 32, 34 Software Defined Network (SDN), 60, 74, 75 software radio (SWR), vii, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 32, 34 source (S), 60, 85, 163 Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA), 60, 76 stacked, viii, 36, 38, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 standardization, viii, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 70, 71, 152 switched systems, v, vii, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143 T technical challenges, v, 57, 58, 90, 97 telecommunications, vii, 1, 3, 8, 12, 27, 30, 32, 34, 59, 70, 94, 95, 96, 128 television, vii, 163 Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), 60, 70 Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 58, 61, 63, 64, 66, 70, 71, 72, 91, 92, 93 Time Division Duplex (TDD), 60, 69 Time-Critical Communication Architecture (TCCA), 60, 70 U ultra wideband (UWB), v, vii, 1, 3, 4, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 34, 54 ultra wideband radio communications, vii Ultra-Dense Network (UDN), 60, 74, 79, 94 Uplink (UL), 60, 61, 66, 69, 74, 76, 87, 89 User Equipment (UE), 58, 60, 61, 64, 65, 67, 69, 71, 72, 74, 76, 81, 83, 93 U-shaped, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 UWB communications, vii, 1, 3, 18 V Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), 60, 77 Vehicle-to-Roadside (V2R), 60, 77 Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), 60, 73, 77, 80, 94 Vehicular-to-Everything (V2X), 60, 77 video game advertising, vi, vii, 145 Visible Light Communication (VLC), 60, 74 Visual Network Index (VNI), 60, 61 ... ADVANCES IN COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA RESEARCH ADVANCES IN COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA RESEARCH VOLUME 12 No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval... Additional e-books in this series can be found on Nova’s website under the eBooks tab ADVANCES IN COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA RESEARCH ADVANCES IN COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA RESEARCH VOLUME 12 ANTHONY V... and the receiver utilize the time interleaving technique [91, 92], in order to multiply the sampling rate of the system and thus the time resolution without increasing the operating rate of individual