Wideband, Multiband, and Smart Reconfigurable Antennas for Modern Wireless Communications Mohammad A Matin Institut Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam Managing Director: Managing Editor: Director of Intellectual Property & Contracts: Acquisitions Editor: Production Editor: Development Editor: Typesetter: Cover Design: Lindsay Johnston Keith Greenberg Jan Travers Kayla Wolfe Christina Henning Rachel Ginder Amanda Smith; Kaitlyn Kulp Jason Mull Published in the United States of America by Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E Chocolate Avenue Hershey PA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: cust@igi-global.com Web site: http://www.igi-global.com Copyright © 2016 by IGI Global All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wideband, multiband, and smart reconfigurable antennas for modern wireless communications / Mohammad A Matin, editor pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-1-4666-8645-8 (hardcover) ISBN 978-1-4666-8646-5 (ebook) Adaptive antennas Wireless communication systems Equipment and supplies Cell phone systems Equipment and supplies I Matin, Mohammad A., 1977TK7871.67.A33W53 2016 621.3841’35 dc23 2015015762 British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher Editorial Advisory Board Christos N Capsalis, National Technical University of Athens, Greece Bernard Huyart, Telecom ParisTech, France Monai Krairiksh, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Thailand Tharek Abd Rahman, Universiti Teknologi (UTM), Malaysia Eva Rajo-Iglesis, Carlos III University, Spain Abdel-Razik Sebak, Concordia University, Canada List of Reviewers Qammer Hussain Abbasi, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Qatar Anargyros Baklezos, National Technical University of Athens, Greece Yvan Duroc, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France Rupesh Kumar, Telecom ParisTech (ENST), France Christos Nikolopoulos, National Technical University of Athens, Greece Atiqur Rahman, North South University, Bangladesh Masood Ur Rehman, University of Bedfordshire, UK Kumaresh Sarmah, Gauhati University, India Mohammad Sharawi, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia Table of Contents Preface xiii ; ; Acknowledgment xviii ; ; Chapter Recent Trends in Antennas for Modern Wireless Communications Mohammad Abdul Matin, Institut Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam ; ; ; ; ; Chapter Broadband Antennas 27 Zhiya Zhang, Xidian University, China Masood Ur-Rehman, University of Bedfordshire, UK Xiaodong Yang, Xidian University, China Erchin Serpedin, Texas A&M University, USA Aifeng Ren, Xidian University, China Shaoli Zuo, Xidian University, China Atiqur Rahman, North South University, Bangladesh Qammer Hussain Abbasi, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Qatar ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Chapter High-Gain Broadband Antennas for 60-GHz Short-Range Wireless Communications 72 Osama Haraz, Assiut University, Egypt Sultan Almorqi, King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Saudi Arabia Abdel-Razik Sebak, Concordia University, Canada Saleh A Alshebeili, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Chapter Multiband Antenna for Modern Wireless Communication 123 Nassrin Elamin, International University of Africa, Sudan Tharek Rahman, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Chapter MIMO Antennas 145 Eva Rajo-Iglesias, Carlos III University, Spain Mohammad S Sharawi, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Saudi Arabia ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Chapter Limited Size MIMO Antenna Systems and Mutual Coupling Challenge 176 Nassrin Elamin, International University of Africa, Sudan Tharek Rahman, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Chapter Reconfigurable Antennas: Theory and Techniques – A Survey 203 Christos D Nikolopoulos, National Technical University of Athens, Greece Anargyros T Baklezos, National Technical University of Athens, Greece Christos N Capsalis, National Technical University of Athens, Greece ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Chapter Reconfigurable Antenna: Narrowband Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna 237 Mohamad Kamal A Rahim, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Huda A A Majid, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Mohamad Rijal Hamid, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Chapter Reconfigurable Antennas for Cognitive Radio: Classification and Reconfiguration Techniques – Examples and Case of a Frequency Reconfigurable PIFA Antenna System Using a Microcontroller 264 Trong Duc Nguyen, Vietnam Maritime University, Vietnam Yvan Duroc, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France Tan-Phu Vuong, Grenoble INP, France ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Chapter 10 Novel Nature-Derived Intelligent Algorithms and Their Applications in Antenna Optimization 296 Bo Xing, University of Limpopo, South Africa ; ; ; ; ; Chapter 11 Antenna System and Architecture-Circular Polarized UWB Antenna for Indoor Positioning Application 340 Rupesh Kumar, Telecom ParisTech, France Bernard Huyart, Telecom ParisTech, France Jean-Christophe Cousin, Telecom ParisTech, France ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Compilation of References 362 ; ; About the Contributors 408 ; ; Index 419 ; ; Detailed Table of Contents Preface xiii ; ; Acknowledgment xviii ; ; Chapter Recent Trends in Antennas for Modern Wireless Communications Mohammad Abdul Matin, Institut Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam ; ; ; ; ; The rapid development in wireless communications has demanded multiband or wideband antennas to support wireless communication devices such as smart phones, tablets, laptop computers, radar system, satellite communication, airplane, and unmanned airborne vehicle (UAV) radar It has also demanded compact wireless devices that allow more space to integrate other electronic components The aim of this chapter is to provide an idea of current R&D trends and novel approaches in design, analysis and synthesis of broadband, multiband and reconfigurable antennas for the new generation of mobile communication devices, as well as for UWB communications, radars and so on ; Chapter Broadband Antennas 27 Zhiya Zhang, Xidian University, China Masood Ur-Rehman, University of Bedfordshire, UK Xiaodong Yang, Xidian University, China Erchin Serpedin, Texas A&M University, USA Aifeng Ren, Xidian University, China Shaoli Zuo, Xidian University, China Atiqur Rahman, North South University, Bangladesh Qammer Hussain Abbasi, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Qatar ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Apart from the sleeve monopole, this chapter discusses other broadband antennas as well, and the performance evaluation in terms of various measured and simulated parameters is also illustrated This chapter will help antenna engineers get a better understanding of the antennas discussed and make a comparison with other broadband antennas The broadband antennas that have been discussed in this chapter include: Low-profile sleeve monopole antenna, Dual-sleeve monopole antenna, Disc-conical sleeve monopole antenna, Wideband with dumbbell-shaped open sleeve antenna, Wideband unidirectional patch antenna with Γ-shaped strip feed, Wideband folded bowtie antenna with Γ-shaped strip feed and tuning stubs, Wideband bowtie antenna with inverted L-shaped coupling feed and tuning stubs ; Chapter High-Gain Broadband Antennas for 60-GHz Short-Range Wireless Communications 72 Osama Haraz, Assiut University, Egypt Sultan Almorqi, King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Saudi Arabia Abdel-Razik Sebak, Concordia University, Canada Saleh A Alshebeili, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; This chapter introduces design and implementation of high-gain broadband antennas for 60-GHz short-range communications It presents different antenna configurations and architectures that can be good candidates for the 60-GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band Printed dipole array (PDA) antennas and especially the Printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antennas will be discussed in this chapter Loading these kind of antennas with low-cost spherical or hemispherical dielectric lenses will also be presented and demonstrated to increase the gain of the antenna Another type of antennas called electromagnetically coupled (EMC) elliptical patch antenna arrays will be investigated Antipodal Vivaldi antenna and corrugated antipodal Vivaldi antenna are also introduced as good candidates for 60-GHz short-range communication applications ; Chapter Multiband Antenna for Modern Wireless Communication 123 Nassrin Elamin, International University of Africa, Sudan Tharek Rahman, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Wireless technology lately became subjected to the rapid enormous changes in frequency allocation, policies and procedures of operations, and techniques in order to enhance the performance of the wireless system as whole A lot of wired applications are converted into wireless, for example wired LAN is turned into a wireless, which due to the huge sophisticated researches Currently due to the advanced of the integrated technology, engineers are able to fit many diversified applications working at different frequencies in one wireless device Consequently an increased demand for multiple antennas covering different wireless communication bands on the same platform increased extremely ; Chapter MIMO Antennas 145 Eva Rajo-Iglesias, Carlos III University, Spain Mohammad S Sharawi, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Saudi Arabia ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology has appeared to overcome the data throughput limit faced by conventional Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) wireless communication systems In MIMO, a significant increase in the data throughput is obtained using multiple data streams sent and received by multiple antenna elements on the transmitter and receiver ends, and this is why fourth generation (4G) wireless systems are supporting more real time multimedia applications and videos compared to older generations The design of MIMO antenna systems is not a trivial task, and needs careful design practices Several performance metrics have been identified for MIMO antenna systems that need to be evaluated on top of the conventional single element antenna systems In this chapter, we will start by giving a brief background on wireless systems evolution and then highlighting the advantages of MIMO technology and its use in current 4G and future 5G wireless communication standards The second section will treat in detail the various performance metrics that are needed to evaluate the behavior of a MIMO antenna system The new metrics that are required for MIMO performance characterization such as the total active reflection coefficient (TARC) for multi-port antenna systems, correlation coefficient, diversity gain and channel capacity evaluation will be discussed in details Several examples of single-band and Multi-band MIMO antenna systems are considered next with various types of antenna elements and covering a variety of wireless applications and device sizes The chapter ends with a discussion on some of the challenges encountered in the design of MIMO antennas ; Chapter Limited Size MIMO Antenna Systems and Mutual Coupling Challenge 176 Nassrin Elamin, International University of Africa, Sudan Tharek Rahman, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The wireless communication high data rate is achievable by installing more than one antenna in receiver and transmitter terminals as MIMO antenna In order to obtain the MIMO gain (Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) ≤ 0.5), the antenna elements must be at least separated by a distance of 0.5λ (λ is the operating wavelength of 0.7~3.8 GHz which is the frequency range of most of the current wireless communication applications) This value is big relative to limited sizes devices A practical MIMO antenna should have a low signal correlation between the antenna elements and good matching features for input impedance Moreover, MIMO system performance can be improved by reducing mutual coupling between closely spaced antenna elements Miniature high isolated MIMO antenna system has ... wideband, multiband and reconfigurable antennas for modern wireless communications Provide up-to-date materials for wideband, multiband antennas and practical design information and extensive discussion... Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wideband, multiband, and smart reconfigurable antennas for modern wireless communications / Mohammad A Matin, editor pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN... example for the better understanding and its future perspective This book attempts to present current and emerging trends in research and development of wideband, multiband, and smart reconfigurable