Test Bank for Guide to Nursing Management and Leadership 8th Edition by Tomey CHAPTER 7: THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT MULTIPLE CHOICE A newly hired staff nurse observed the nurse manager’s leadership style The nurse manager used rules and policies to guide the staff and expected compliance The nurse manager’s leadership style was: a Shared governance b Democratic c Laissez-faire d Bureaucratic ANS: D The leader or manager who adopts the bureaucratic style relies on rules and policies, takes an autocratic approach to directions, and expects compliance REF: 183 The nurse manager sees herself as demonstrating leadership skills based on the situation She can be a follower as well as a leader; she is aware of her behavior and the behavior of her followers The nurse manager’s leadership style is: a Transactional leadership b Integrative leadership c Transformational leadership d Situational leadership ANS: B Integrative leadership is a holistic approach to oneself and others that requires adaptive behavior Leaders need to be aware of their own behavior and influence on others, the individual differences of followers, group characteristics, motivation, task structures, environmental factors, and situational variables and adjust their leadership style accordingly REF: 188 Unit personnel have a great deal of respect for the nurse manager Based on Fred Fielder’s contingency model of leadership, what situation helps the nurse manager to be effective? a Unit environment b Staff-to-staff relations c Positional power d Staff empowerment ANS: C Positional power refers to the authority inherent in a position; the power to use rewards and punishment; and the organization’s support of one’s decisions REF: 184 Hersey and Blanchard’s situational leadership theory predicts the most appropriate leadership style based on which of the following variables? a Readiness of followers b Readiness of physicians c Readiness of nurses d Readiness of the organization ANS: A The situational leadership theory predicts which will be the most appropriate leadership style based on the level of maturity of the followers REF: 186 Transactional leadership focuses on management tasks and trade-offs in exchange for expected performance In transformational leadership, the nurse manager: a Sets goals for the employees b Uses management by exception c Focuses on day-to-day operations d Encourages self-management ANS: D The leader in transformational leadership uses individualized approaches, provides a sense of direction, and encourages self-management REF: 187 Which of the following management theorists established a work standard based on the effects of fatigue on work performance? a Frederick Taylor b Frank Gilbreth c Henry Gantt d Abraham Maslow ANS: B Frank and Lillian Gilbreth emphasized the benefits of job simplification and the establishment of work standards, as well as the effects of incentive wage plans and fatigue on work performance REF: 190 Which management theorist focused on the organization as a whole rather than concentrating solely on production? a Frederick Taylor b Frank Gilbreth c Lillian Gilbreth d Max Weber ANS: D Max Weber, the “father of organizational theory,” conceptualized bureaucracy, with its emphasis on rules instead of individuals and on competence over favoritism, as the most efficient basis for organization REF: 191 The primary difference between the classical management theorists and the behavioral science theorists is that the latter: a Focus on productivity b Focus on social environment c Focus on having a positive attitude toward people d Focus on organizational structure ANS: C Behavioral science theorists stress the importance of maintaining a positive attitude toward people, training managers, fitting supervisory actions to the situation, meeting employees’ needs, promoting employees’ sense of achievement, and obtaining commitment through participation in planning and decision making REF: 192 Which of the following management theorists favored a division of work through specialization? a Elton Mayo b Kurt Lewin c Jacob Moreno d Henri Fayol ANS: D Henri Fayol believed in the division of work and argued that specialization increases efficiency REF: 190 10 What might one find in Likert’s consultative system that would be less likely in participative management systems? a Staff members’ ideas are sought b Sometimes an informal organization resists the formal goals c Staff members feel free to discuss their jobs with the manager d Decision making is integrated throughout the organization ANS: B Sometimes an informal organization resists the formal goals in the consultative system, whereas in the participative management system, there would be no informal organization resisting the goals of the formal organization because the goals of both are the same REF: 195 11 Which theorist introduced the concept of management by objectives as a way to manage managers? a Rensis Likert b Kenneth Blanchard c Peter Drucker d Tom Peters ANS: C Peter Drucker introduced management by objectives as a way to manage managers REF: 198 12 Which of the following theorists stresses leadership that serves people? a Warren Bennis b Robert Greenleaf c Larry Spears d Peter Senge ANS: B Robert Greenleaf wrote Servant Leadership Servant leadership puts serving first, takes a holistic approach, shares decision making, and builds community REF: 199 13 According to Peter Senge’s theory, all of the following are disciplines for building a learning organization except: a Systems thinking b Personal mastery c Mental models d Emotional competence ANS: D Peter Senge’s theory is based on five disciplines: (1) systems thinking, (2) personal mastery, (3) mental models, (4) shared vision, and (5) team learning and tools and strategies to build a learning organization Daniel Goleman stressed the importance of teaching emotional competence REF: 199 14 The nurse manager demonstrates self-confidence in his ability to lead He also describes himself as a visionary with empathy Daniel Goleman identifies this behavior as: a A servant leader b A benchmark for excellence c An emotional intelligence competency d Contingent reinforcement leadership ANS: C According to Goleman, one necessary emotional intelligence competency is being a visionary who can mobilize others to follow a vision through selfconfidence, empathy, action as a change catalyst, and visionary leadership REF: 200 15 The staff developer prepared a presentation for the hospital regarding diversity What is the single most important factor predicting successful implementation of a diversity program? a Nurses’ support b Administrative support c Physicians' support d Stake holders’ support ANS: B Administrative support is the single most important factor predicting implementation success REF: 203 16 The chief nursing officer (CNO) scheduled performance evaluations for one male nurse manager and one female nurse manager Which leadership skill would the CNO expect to find in the leadership styles of both genders? a Autocratic management style b Aggressive communication skills c Skills in networking outside the organization d Nondirective management style ANS: C Both male and female leaders maintain a complex network of relationships with people outside the organization REF: 204 17 The nurse applicant revealed during a job interview that he had undergone a below-the-knee amputation After the interview, the nurse manager thanked the nurse for coming in but said she was sorry that she would not be able to hire him (even though there were openings available) What law did the nurse manager violate? a The Rehabilitation Act b The Civil Rights Act c The Americans with Disabilities Act d The Equal Employment Opportunity Act ANS: C In 1990, Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act to eliminate discrimination against people with physical or mental disabilities in the workplace Applicants with disabilities have indicated that they have been refused job interviews, turned down for jobs for which they are qualified, given lesser responsibilities than others, passed over for promotions, and denied health insurance REF: 206 18 Which kind of followers believe they must please the boss? a Effective followers b Conformist followers c Alienated followers d Ineffective followers ANS: B Conformist followers believe that they must always please the boss REF: 207 19 A staff nurse did not agree with the nurse manager about the new staffing policy What is the best way for the staff nurse to handle the situation effectively? a Discuss the disagreement in a public forum b Try to develop solutions to the problem c Bring up the problem during a Joint Commission survey d Tell the nurse manager that the manager’s decision was unprofessional ANS: B The staff nurse should probably start with a private meeting with the nurse manager with recommendations in hand The staff nurse would need administrative support to change the policy and should not catch the manager by surprise in public REF: 207 20 A school nurse planned a health promotion program on character development for a group of seventh-graders Which behavior most likely prompted the school nurse to develop the program? a Increased teacher involvement b Manifestations of students’ trust of each other c Students’ increasing use of sexual language while walking down the halls d Decrease in sexual activity among teens ANS: C A deterioration in language and increasingly self-destructive behavior, such as premature sexual activity, indicate a need for character development REF: 208 21 Part of the performance evaluation for a staff nurse focused on ethics and character development What kind of activity demonstrates to the nurse manager that a staff nurse has a healthy character? a Declining civic responsibility b Attempt to create a caring workplace c Promotion of exterior motivation d Excessive drinking leading to increased absenteeism ANS: B To promote character development, the organization must be a caring community REF: 208 22 Which professional statement makes it clear that a nurse’s responsibility is first to the patient and second to the institution? a Nursing’s Social Policy b Nursing’s Social Justice Policy c The Code of Ethics d The bylaws of the American Organization of Nurse Executives ANS: C The Code of Ethics makes it clear that a nurse’s responsibility is first to the patient and second to the institution REF: 209 23 A staff nurse began a graduate program focusing on health systems management To be prepared as an effective leader in a health care agency, the staff nurse would probably benefit the most from instruction in which area? a Information systems b Computerized charting c Computerized medical records d Self-regulation of nursing practice ANS: A The American Association of Colleges of Nursing and the American Organization of Nurse Executives specify the need for education about information systems for nurse administrators REF: 209 24 The primary difference between leadership and management is that leadership is more outcomes oriented and management is more: a Process oriented b Solutions oriented c Conflict resolution oriented d Organization oriented ANS: A Nursing leadership is broader than management and is concerned with doing the right things It does overlap some with management, but the latter is more process oriented and is concerned with doing things right REF: 210 25 Which of the following trends is most important for the twenty-first-century leader and manager? a Shortage of health care facilities b Spread of Asian flu c Shortage of medication d Globalization ANS: D Health care economics, globalization, innovation, succession, safety as it relates to the nursing shortage, and achievement of magnet status are topics of major importance for leaders and managers in the twenty-first century REF: 210