6 bridge engineering handbook construction and maintenance

Bridge Engineering Handbook SECOND EDITION CONSTRUCTION AND M AINTENANCE EDITED BY Wai-Fah Chen and Lian Duan Bridge Engineering Handbook SECOND EDITION construction a nd m aintena nce Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition: Fundamentals Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition: Superstructure Design Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition: Substructure Design Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition: Seismic Design Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition: Construction and Maintenance Bridge Engineering Handbook SECOND EDITION construction and m aintena nce Edited by Wai-Fah Chen and Lian Duan Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S Government works Version Date: 20130923 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-5233-0 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint Except as permitted under U.S Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400 CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Foreword vii Preface to the Second Edition ix Preface to the First Edition xi Editors xiii Contributors xv 1 Steel Bridge Construction Jackson Durkee 2 Steel Bridge Fabrication 51 Ronnie Medlock 3 Concrete Bridge Construction 67 Simon A Blank, Michael M Blank, and Hamid Kondazi 4 Cable-Supported Bridge Construction 85 Junfeng Shi, Tianqing Yu, Yaodong Liu, Yinghua Bai, and Rui Xiong 5 Cable Force Adjustment and Construction Control 113 Dajian Han and Quansheng Yan 6 Substructures of Major Overwater Bridges 137 Ben C Gerwick Jr 7 Accelerated Bridge Construction 175 Benjamin MengPoh Tang 8 Bridge Construction Supervision and Inspection 207 Zhihu Cheng 9 Bridge Management Using Pontis and Improved Concepts 233 Gongkang Fu and Dinesh Devaraj 10 Bridge Health Monitoring 247 11 Bridge Maintenance 269 Dan M Frangopol and Sunyong Kim Sreenivas Alampalli v vi Contents 12 Nondestructive Evaluation Methods for Bridge Elements 301 13 Bridge Inspection 337 14 Steel Bridge Evaluation and Rating 351 15 Concrete Bridge Evaluation and Rating 381 16 Rehabilitation and Strengthening of Highway Bridge Superstructures 443 17 Rehabilitation of Strengthening of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks 491 18 Life-Cycle Performance Analysis and Optimization 539 19 Bridge Construction Methods 569 Glenn Washer Joyce E Copelan Yi Edward Zhou Murugesu Vinayagamoorthy and Richard Tsang Xiaohua Cheng, Lian Duan, and Walid S Najjar Chitoshi Miki and Hisatada Suganuma Dan M Frangopol and Sunyong Kim Mourad M Bakhoum Foreword Throughout the history of civilization bridges have been the icons of cities, regions, and countries All bridges are useful for transportation, commerce, and war Bridges are necessary for civilization to exist, and many bridges are beautiful A few have become the symbols of the best, noblest, and most beautiful that mankind has achieved The secrets of the design and construction of the ancient bridges have been lost, but how could one not marvel at the magnificence, for example, of the Roman viaducts? The second edition of the Bridge Engineering Handbook expands and updates the previous ­edition by including the new developments of the first decade of the twenty-first century Modern bridge ­engineering has its roots in the nineteenth century, when wrought iron, steel, and reinforced c­ oncrete began to compete with timber, stone, and brick bridges By the beginning of World War II, the ­transportation infrastructure of Europe and North America was essentially complete, and it served to sustain civilization as we know it The iconic bridge symbols of modern cities were in place: Golden Gate Bridge of San Francisco, Brooklyn Bridge, London Bridge, Eads Bridge of St Louis, and the bridges of Paris, Lisbon, and the bridges on the Rhine and the Danube Budapest, my birthplace, had seven beautiful bridges across the Danube Bridge engineering had reached its golden age, and what more and better could be attained than that which was already achieved? Then came World War II, and most bridges on the European continent were destroyed All seven bridges of Budapest were blown apart by January 1945 Bridge engineers after the war were suddenly forced to start to rebuild with scant resources and with open minds A renaissance of bridge ­engineering started in Europe, then spreading to America, Japan, China, and advancing to who knows where in the world, maybe Siberia, Africa? It just keeps going! The past 60 years of bridge engineering have brought us many new forms of bridge architecture (plate girder bridges, cable stayed bridges, segmental ­prestressed concrete bridges, composite bridges), and longer spans Meanwhile enormous knowledge and ­experience have been amassed by the profession, and progress has benefitted greatly by the ­availability of the digital computer The purpose of the Bridge Engineering Handbook is to bring much of this knowledge and experience to the bridge engineering community of the world The contents encompass the whole s­ pectrum of the life cycle of the bridge, from conception to demolition The editors have convinced 146 experts from many parts of the world to contribute their knowledge and to share the secrets of their successful and unsuccessful experiences Despite all that is known, there are still failures: engineers are human, they make errors; nature is capricious, it brings unexpected surprises! But bridge engineers learn from failures, and even errors help to foster progress The Bridge Engineering Handbook, second edition consists of five books: Fundamentals Superstructure Design Substructure Design Seismic Design Construction and Maintenance vii viii Foreword Fundamentals, Superstructure Design, and Substructure Design present the many topics ­necessary for planning and designing modern bridges of all types, made of many kinds of materials and ­systems, and subject to the typical loads and environmental effects Seismic Design and Construction and Maintenance recognize the importance that bridges in parts of the world where there is a chance of earthquake o ­ ccurrences must survive such an event, and that they need inspection, maintenance, and possible repair throughout their intended life span Seismic events require that a bridge sustain repeated dynamic load cycles without functional failure because it must be part of the postearthquake lifeline for the affected area Construction and Maintenance touches on the many very important aspects of bridge ­management that become more and more important as the world’s bridge inventory ages The editors of the Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition are to be highly commended for undertaking this effort for the benefit of the world’s bridge engineers The enduring result will be a safer and more cost effective family of bridges and bridge systems I thank them for their effort, and I also thank the 146 contributors Theodore V Galambos, PE Emeritus professor of structural engineering University of Minnesota Preface to the Second Edition In the approximately 13 years since the original edition of the Bridge Engineering Handbook was p ­ ublished in 2000, we have received numerous letters, e-mails, and reviews from readers including ­educators and practitioners commenting on the handbook and suggesting how it could be improved We  have also built up a large file of ideas based on our own experiences With the aid of all this information, we have completely revised and updated the handbook In writing this Preface to the Second Edition, we assume readers have read the original Preface Following its tradition, the second edition handbook stresses professional applications and practical solutions; describes the basic concepts and assumptions omitting the derivations of formulas and theories; emphasizes seismic design, rehabilitation, retrofit and maintenance; covers traditional and new, innovative practices; provides over 2500 tables, charts, and illustrations in ready-to-use format and an abundance of worked-out examples giving readers step-by-step design procedures The most significant changes in this second edition are as follows: • The handbook of 89 chapters is published in five books: Fundamentals, Superstructure Design, Substructure Design, Seismic Design, and Construction and Maintenance • Fundamentals, with 22 chapters, combines Section I, Fundamentals, and Section VI, Special Topics, of the original edition and covers the basic concepts, theory and special topics of bridge engineering Seven new chapters are Finite Element Method, High-Speed Railway Bridges, Structural Performance Indicators for Bridges, Concrete Design, Steel Design, High Performance Steel, and Design and Damage Evaluation Methods for Reinforced Concrete Beams under Impact Loading Three chapters including Conceptual Design, Bridge Aesthetics: Achieving Structural Art in Bridge Design, and Application of Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Bridges, are completely rewritten Three special topic chapters, Weigh-In-Motion Measurement of Trucks on Bridges, Impact Effect of Moving Vehicles, and Active Control on Bridge Engineering, were deleted • Superstructure Design, with 19 chapters, provides information on how to design all types of bridges Two new chapters are Extradosed Bridges and Stress Ribbon Pedestrian Bridges The Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges chapter is completely rewritten into two chapters: Precast–Pretensioned Concrete Girder Bridges and Cast-In-Place Posttensioned Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges The Bridge Decks and Approach Slabs chapter is completely rewritten into two chapters: Concrete Decks and Approach Slabs Seven chapters, including Segmental Concrete Bridges, Composite Steel I-Girder Bridges, Composite Steel Box Girder Bridges, Arch Bridges, Cable-Stayed Bridges, Orthotropic Steel Decks, and Railings, are completely rewritten The c­ hapter Reinforced Concrete Girder Bridges was deleted because it is rarely used in modern time • Substructure Design has 11 chapters and addresses the various substructure components A new chapter, Landslide Risk Assessment and Mitigation, is added The Geotechnical Consideration chapter is completely rewritten and retitled as Ground Investigation The Abutments and ix 615 Bridge Construction Methods TABLE 19.3  List of Bridges over the Nile Constructed Using Submerged Pile Caps Number Bridge Name Opening Date Rod El-Farag Bridge Luxor Bridge El-Moneeb Bridge Mit Ghamr-Zifta Bridge Sherbeen Bridge Length (m) Width (m) Number of Spans Navigable Span (m) 1990 1997 1998 1999 500 744 1700 587 36 22 42 21 18 26 11 130 84 150 84 1999 880 21 23 90 S.I.B No 14 Turn buckle (1) Turn buckle (2) Timber 4” x 6” Secondary girders Main girder H.W.L H.W.L Casing Sand filling Sand filling Sand filling FIGURE 19.61  Preparation of temporary system of casting and sinking the pile cap (steps 1–6) Sealant injection tube 180 cm Pile Angle to support the washer 160 cm Washer plate FIGURE 19.62  Details of sealing system of space between pile casing and pile cap (step 7) 10 The bottom of the pile cap is casted and concrete is powered in the space between the cylindrical forms with depth equal to the depth of the cylindrical forms After the concrete sets, the cylindrical forms are dismantled and other vertically segmented cylindrical steel forms are used to form working rooms of height equal to the full height of the pile cap and diameter of about 250 cm 616 Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition: Construction and Maintenance 11 The reinforcement of the space between the working rooms is completed, extended reinforcements are left to provide the lap with the reinforcement that will be fixed later in the space of the working rooms 12 At this stage, all the casting works are completed before the sinking process as shown in Figure 19.64 13 After setting, the forms of the fender are stripped off as well as the side forms of the pile cap as shown in Figure 19.63 Any insulation work for the pile cap and the fender is performed at this stage 14 At this stage, the lifting equipment is installed Screw bars that are fixed at the bottom of the pile cap are extended with additional ones Hydraulic jacks are mounted on the temporary supporting frame and attached to the corresponding screw bars Connections between jacks and hydraulic pumps are installed Supporting frame H.W.L H.W.L H.W.L 360 cm 360 cm Sand filling Sand filling H.W.L Casing Sand filling FIGURE 19.63  Erecting frames and fixing steel reinforcement of bottom and sides of pile cap steps and Concrete fender H.W.L H.W.L H.W.L 360 cm Sand filling H.W.L 360 cm Sand filling Sand filling FIGURE 19.64  Pouring the bottom, forming working rooms, and pouring around working rooms (step 12) 617 Bridge Construction Methods 15 A controlled system is installed between the hydraulic pump and the jack to provide lifting and lowering at the same rate 16 The jacks are operated to lift the cap about 50 cm and the temporary platform and bottom ­formwork of the cap are stripped off At this stage, the pile cap is completely suspended on the supporting frames (Figure 19.65) 17 The sinking process is started by lowering the pile cap slowly until the top of the pile cap is about 50 cm above water surface The sinking process proceeds until the bottom of the cap reaches the final level as shown in Figure 19.66 Screw bar Jacks H.W.L H.W.L 360 cm Sand filling H.W.L H.W.L Casing 360 cm Sand filling Sand filling FIGURE 19.65  Lifting the pile cap, stripping off side and bottom formwork, and taking apart the temporary platform (step 16) H.W.L H.W.L Steel tube Final level Cement slurry sealant FIGURE 19.66  Sinking the pile cap to permanent position (step 17) River bed level 618 Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition: Construction and Maintenance 18 At this stage, the construction proceeds at the permanent position of the pile cap Starting with the piles without frames, the steel casing and concrete are removed down to the surface of the cap bottom layer The protruding steel bars are cleaned The concrete surface of the working rooms is roughened to ensure enough cohesion and bond The lap bars of reinforcement of the middle ­layers are uncovered, stretched, and cleaned Extra horizontal reinforcement and the column reinforcement are fixed in place Then these working rooms are filled with concrete 19 For piles with supporting frames, these frames are dismantled The work of the previous step is repeated but at stages to ensure safe transmission of the cap load to the piles First, the working room inside the fender is prepared with reinforcement of the column as shown in Figure 19.67 Subsequently, the work at the other working rooms proceeds until the whole pile cap is completed 20 The last step is to erect the carpentry of the column, fixing the reinforcement and pouring the concrete as shown in Figure 19.68 Figures 19.69 through 19.71 show the adoption of this method during the construction of the pile caps of El-Moneeb Bridge Column reinforcement H.W.L H.W.L River bed level FIGURE 19.67  Pouring of some piles monolithically with pile cap (step 19) H.W.L H.W.L H.W.L FIGURE 19.68  Pile cap after finishing the pouring of the concrete (step 20) Bridge Construction Methods FIGURE 19.69  Preparation of the formwork for casting (El-Moneeb Bridge) FIGURE 19.70  After pouring the bottom, sides, and forming the working rooms (El-Moneeb Bridge) FIGURE 19.71  Erected steel frames and hydraulic jacks used for lifting the cap (El-Moneeb Bridge) 619 620 Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition: Construction and Maintenance 19.14.3  Foundation Construction Using Caissons 19.14.3.1 General A caisson is a watertight retaining structure used to work on the foundations of a bridge pier for the construction of a concrete dam or for the repair of ships These are constructed such that the water can be pumped out, keeping the working environment dry When piers are to be built using an open caisson and it is not practical to reach suitable soil, friction pilings may be driven to form a suitable subfoundation These piles are connected by a foundation pad upon which the column pier is erected 19.14.3.2  Steps of Construction Caisson at the shore Moving the caisson to the slipway Inclining the slipway to float the caisson Tugboats moving the caisson into position Fixing the caisson in position by means of floating tubes and concrete block Gradual concrete sinking and adding new steel plates to the caisson Caisson resting on river bed and erection of locks Excavating to the foundation level Reaching foundation level and filling the working with concrete Figure 19.72 illustrates the steps of construction of the bridge foundations using caissons Caisson at the Nile shore Moving the caisson to the slipway Inclining the slipway to float the caisson Tugboats moving the caisson into position Fixing the caisson in position by means of floating tubes and concrete blocked Gradual concrete sinking and adding new steel plates to the caisson FIGURE 19.72  Steps of construction of bridge foundations using caissons 621 Bridge Construction Methods Caisson resting on river bed and erection of locks Excavating to the foundation level Concreting the pier and erection of the bearings 10 Reaching foundation level and filling the working with concrete FIGURE 19.72 (Contiuned)  Steps of construction of bridge foundations using 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Chichester, New York Oliver Rose, Adelinde M Uhrmacher (eds.): Winter Simulation Conference, WSC ‘12, Berlin, Germany, December 9-12, 2012 WSC 2012 Ostenfeld, K H 2010 “An Integrated Multidisciplinary Approach to Design of Major Fixed Links,” IABSE Symposium, Venice, pp 1–3232 Palmer, A M 2006 “Fundamentals of Launching a Precast Concrete Segmental Operation for Bridge Construction Projects,” PCI Journal, 51(3), 32–44 Pan, N F 2008 “Fuzzy AHP approach for Selecting the Suitable Bridge Construction Method,” Automation in Construction, 17(8), 958–965 Parke, G., and N Hewson 2008 ICE Manual of Bridge Engineering, 2nd Edition, Thomas Telford Ltd, London, UK, 704pp PCI 1997 Precast/Prestressed Concrete, Bridge Design Manual, PCI, MNL-133-97, Chapter 3, Fabrication and Construction, Precast/Prestressedconcrete Institute, PCI, Chicago, IL PCI 2006 Guidelines for Accelerated Bridge Construction Using Precast/Prestressed Concrete Components PCI Northeast Bridge Technical Committee, Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, North East, Belmont, MA http://www.pcine.org/index.cfm/resources/bridge/Accelerated_ Bridge_Construction Pearce, M., and R Jobson 2002 Bridge Builders Wiley-Academy, West Sussex, UK Pelke, E 2006 The Development of the Prestressed Concrete Bridge in Germany after World  War  II Proceedings Second International Congress on Construction History Society Vol III, eds M. Dunkeld, J. Cambell, H Louw, B Addis, R Thome, Construction History Society, Cambridge, UK, pp. 2469–2492 Podolny, W Jr., and J M Muller 1982 Construction and Design of Prestressed Concrete Segmental Bridges, Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY, 561pp Radic, J., G Puz, and Z Zderic 2008 RE Construction of Bridges in Croatia, Velika Gorica, Academia scientiarum et artium croatica, Zagreb, Croatia Ratay, R T 1984 Handbook of Temporary Structures in Construction, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY Roberts, C L., J E Breen, and M E Kreger 1993 Measurement Based Revisions for Segmental Bridge Design and Construction Criteria Research Report 1234-3F, Project 0-1234, CTR 0-1234-3F, Center for Transportation Research, Bureau of Engineering Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX Rosignoli, M 2002 Bridge Launching Thomas Telford Ltd, Technology & Engineering, London, UK, 342pp 626 Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition: Construction and Maintenance Rosignoli, M Winter 2010 “Self-Launching Erection Machines for Precast Concrete Bridges,” PCI Journal, 55(1), 36–57 Rosignoli, M 2013 Bridge Construction Equipment, 1st Edition, ICE Publishing, UK Said, H., M Marzouk, and M El-Said 2009a “Application of Computer Simulation to Bridge Deck Construction: Case Study,” Automation in Construction, 18(4), 377–385 Said, H., M Marzouk, and M El-Said 2009b “Framework for Multiobjective Optimization of Launching Girder Bridges,” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135(8), 791–800 Samaan, S 1994 Course Notes on Methods of Construction of Bridges, Construction Engineering, Graduate Studies, Faculty of Eng., Structural Eng Dept., Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt Schlaich, J 2000 “Conceptual Design of Bridges—More Variety!” Bridge Engineering Conference, organized by Egyptian Society of Engineers (ESE)/Civil & Egyptian Groups of IABSE and fib, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, March 26–30 Schlaich, J., and H Scheef, 1982 “Concrete Box Girder Bridges,” Structural Engineering Document, SED 1, IABSE, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, IABSE/AIPC/IVBH, Zurich, Switzerland SCI 2010 Steel Bridge Group Guidance notes on best practice in steel bridge construction, eds C. R. Hendy, and D C Iles, The Steel Construction Institute, Fifth Issue P185/5, TATA Steel Steel Construction Institute, Ascot, UK, SCI SDR/FHWA 2005 Prefabricated Steel Bridge Systems, FHWA Solicitation No DTFH61-03-R-00113, Prepa­ red by SDR Engineering Consultants, Inc, http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/prefab/psbsreport.pdf SEI IABSE 4/ November 2011 “Special Topic: Bridge Erection Techniques and Construction Equipment,” Structural Engineering International, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, 21(4), 392–456 SETRA 2003 Ponts en béton précontraint construits par encorbellements successifs: Guide de conception, LaDocumentation Franỗaise, Paris, France, 271pp Singh, P R., M Schueller, and M Bowser 2010 “Innovative Steel Bridge Erection Techniques,” TAC Conference, Halifax, Canada Tomlinson, M J 2001 Foundation Design and Construction, 7th Edition, Prentice Hall, Essex, UK, 584pp Tordoff, D 1985 Steel Bridges, Steel Construction Institute, UK, 44pp Trayner, D 2007 Bridge Construction Methods, Concrete Institute of Australia, http://www.ptia.org.au /Documents/Bridge%20Construction%20Methods%20Aug%202007%20rev%2000.pdf Troyano, L F 2003 Bridge Engineering: A Global Perspective, Thomas Telford Ltd, London, UK, 775pp Victor, J 1980 Essentials of Bridge Engineering, Oxford & IBH Publishing, New Delhi, India Vion, P., and E Bouchon “Prestressed concrete bridges built by the cantilever method, Design and ­stability during erection,” New Delhi fib Symposium on Segmental construction in concrete, SETRA, November 26–29, http://www.setra.equipement.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/pcbridges_­cantilevermethod.pdf Virlogeux, M August 1, 1993 “Normandie Bridge: Design and Construction,” Proceedings of the ICE— Structures and Buildings, 99(3), 281–302 Von Svensson, H 2011 Schrägkabelbrücken: 40 Jahre Erfahrung weltweit, Ernst & Sohn, Germany VSL 1977 Incremental Launching Method Prestressed Concrete Bridge Construction, VSL International LTD, Berne, Switzerland Whitney, C S 2003 Bridges of the World: Their Design and Construction, Dover Publications, Mineola, NY, 368pp Wittfoht, H 1984 Building Bridges: History, Technology, Construction, Bau Verlag u Technik, BetonVerlag, Philadelphia, PA, 327pp Wittfoht, H 1984 Building Bridges: History, Technology, Construction, Beton-Verlag, Berlin, Germany Wong, R 2012 Construction of Bridges, Division of Building Science and Technology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~bswmwong/pl/pdf/bridge_construction.pdf Youssef, M A M 2006 Intelligent Selection of Concrete Bridge Superstructure Construction Methods in Egypt, Ph.D Thesis, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK Bridge Construction Methods 627 Relevant Websites Websites for Bridge Equipment Construction Companies & Techniques VSL_http://www.vsl.com/business-lines/construction/bridges.html Freyssinet_http://www.freyssinet.com/appli/internet/w3fcom.nsf/ag_Creation_Page?OpenAgent&UNI D=1B329863513BB0D8C12573AD003B723F&contexte=112&rubrique=activites&lang=en&font= small ThyssenKrupp_http://www.constructionequipment.com/company/thyssenkrupp-safway-inc-0 BBR_http://www.bbrnetwork.com/index.php?id=66 OVM_http://www.ovm-mena.com/projects.html#egypt PERI_http://peri.co.za/en/products.cfm/fuseaction/showproduct/product_ID/1059/app_id/8.cfm DOKA _http://www.slideshare.net/doka_com/dokacompanypresentation-en DSI_http://www.dsiamerica.com/company/product-index/construction.html JASBC Japan Association of Steel Bridge Construction_www.jasbc.or.jp/english LIFTSLAB MISR_http://www.liftslab-eg.com/ NRSAS_http://www.nrsas.com/equipments/bb_technical.php NRJS_http://en.nrsjs.com/products_list/pmcId=31e88d8d-6793-4781-adf5-97697b9579f4&comp_ stats=comp-FrontPublic_breadCrumb01-008.html REID_http://www.reids.co.nz/products/ STRUKTURAS_http://www.strukturas.com/bridge-building-equipment AP_http://www.ap-bridge.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19&Itemid=57&lang=en FIP_http://www.fip-group.it/fip_ind_eng/mappa.html DEAL_http://www.deal.it/equipment.asp E.CRPCEC_CHINA_http://e.crpcec.com/tabid/1468/Default.aspx SS_http://www.structuralsystemsafrica.com/services-aamp-technology/civil/bridge-construction-­ systems.html Websites for Animations and Videos on Bridge Construction ASBI (American Segmental Bridge Institute), Construction Precast Concrete Segmental Bridges http://asbi-assoc.org/index.cfm/resources/videos IABSE-eLearning_http://www.elearning-iabse.org/ IABSE-eLearning_Animation_http://www.elearning-iabse.org/MainPage.asp?cat=4 IABSE-eLearning_Video_http://www.elearning-iabse.org/MainPage.asp?cat=3 Websites on Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC, PBES) ABC_http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/construction/accelerated/index.htm PBES_http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/everydaycounts/pdfs/summits/PBES_ABC_Current_St_of_Technology_ presentation.pdf CIVIL ENGINEERING Bridge Engineering Handbook SECOND EDITION CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Over 140 experts, 14 countries, and 89 chapters are represented in the second edition of the Bridge Engineering Handbook This extensive collection highlights bridge engineering specimens from around the world, contains detailed information on bridge engineering, and thoroughly explains the concepts and practical applications surrounding the subject Published in five books: Fundamentals, Superstructure Design, Substructure Design, Seismic Design, and Construction and Maintenance, this new edition provides numerous worked-out examples that give readers step-by-step design procedures, includes contributions by leading experts from around the world in their respective areas of bridge engineering, contains 26 completely new chapters, and updates most other chapters It offers design concepts, specifications, and practice, as well as the various types of bridges The text includes over 2,500 tables, charts, illustrations, and photos The book covers new, innovative and traditional methods and practices; explores rehabilitation, retrofit, and maintenance; and examines seismic design and building materials The fifth book, Construction and Maintenance contains 19 chapters, and covers the practical issues of bridge structures What’s New in the Second Edition: • Includes nine new chapters: Steel Bridge Fabrication, Cable-Supported Bridge Construction, Accelerated Bridge Construction, Bridge Management Using Pontis and Improved Concepts, Bridge Maintenance, Bridge Health Monitoring, Nondestructive Evaluation Methods for Bridge Elements, Life-Cycle Performance Analysis and Optimization, and Bridge Construction Methods • Rewrites the Bridge Construction Inspection chapter and retitles it as Bridge Construction Supervision and Inspection • Expands and rewrites the Maintenance Inspection and Rating chapter into three chapters: Bridge Inspection, Steel Bridge Evaluation and Rating, and Concrete Bridge Evaluation and Rating; and the Strengthening and Rehabilitation chapter into two chapters: Rehabilitation and Strengthening of Highway Bridge Superstructures, and Rehabilitation and Strengthening of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks This text is an ideal reference for practicing bridge engineers and consultants (design, construction, maintenance), and can also be used as a reference for students in bridge engineering courses an business w w w c r c p r e s s c o m 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 711 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 Park Square, Milton Park Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK K12392 ~StormRG~ w w w c r c p r e s s c o m .. .Bridge Engineering Handbook SECOND EDITION construction a nd m aintena nce Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition: Fundamentals Bridge Engineering. .. Engineering Handbook, Second Edition: Superstructure Design Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition: Substructure Design Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition: Seismic Design Bridge Engineering. .. Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition: Construction and Maintenance Bridge Engineering Handbook SECOND EDITION construction and m aintena nce Edited by Wai-Fah Chen and Lian Duan Boca Raton