Coastal processes Coastal processes

Coastal Processes WIT Press publishes leading books in Science and Technology Visit our website for the current list of titles www.witpress.com WITeLibrary Home of the Transactions of the Wessex Institute Papers presented at Coastal Processes 2009 are archived in the WIT elibrary in volume 126 of WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment (ISSN 1743-3541) The WIT electronic-library provides the international scientific community with immediate and permanent access to individual papers presented at WIT conferences http://library.witpress.com FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICAL COASTAL PROCESSES, MANAGEMENT AND ENGINEERING COASTAL PROCESSES CONFERENCE CHAIRMEN C.A Brebbia Wessex Institute of Technology, UK G Benassai University of Pharthenope, Italy G Rodriguez University of Las Palmas, Spain INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE J.S Antunes Carmo P.C Chu N.F.F Ebecken B Fabiano D Huntley A Lechuga P Liu D Myrhaug J.C Nieto Borge J.C Santas G.S Xeidakis Organised by Wessex Institute of Technology, UK University of Pharthenope, Italy University of Las Palmas (Canary Islands), Spain Sponsored by WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment WIT Transactions Transactions Editor Carlos Brebbia Wessex Institute of Technology Ashurst Lodge, Ashurst Southampton SO40 7AA, UK Email: carlos@wessex.ac.uk Editorial Board B Abersek University of Maribor, Slovenia Y N Abousleiman University of Oklahoma, G Belingardi Politecnico di Torino, Italy R Belmans Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, P L Aguilar University of Extremadura, Spain K S Al Jabri Sultan Qaboos University, Oman E Alarcon Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, C D Bertram The University of New South USA Spain A Aldama IMTA, Mexico C Alessandri Universita di Ferrara, Italy D Almorza Gomar University of Cadiz, Spain B Alzahabi Kettering University, USA J A C Ambrosio IDMEC, Portugal A M Amer Cairo University, Egypt S A Anagnostopoulos University of Patras, Greece M Andretta Montecatini, Italy E Angelino A.R.P.A Lombardia, Italy H Antes Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Germany M A Atherton South Bank University, UK A G Atkins University of Reading, UK D Aubry Ecole Centrale de Paris, France H Azegami Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan A F M Azevedo University of Porto, Portugal J Baish Bucknell University, USA J M Baldasano Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain J G Bartzis Institute of Nuclear Technology, Greece A Bejan Duke University, USA M P Bekakos Democritus University of Thrace, Greece Belgium Wales, Australia D E Beskos University of Patras, Greece S K Bhattacharyya Indian Institute of Technology, India E Blums Latvian Academy of Sciences, Latvia J Boarder Cartref Consulting Systems, UK B Bobee Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Canada H Boileau ESIGEC, France J J Bommer Imperial College London, UK M Bonnet Ecole Polytechnique, France C A Borrego University of Aveiro, Portugal A R Bretones University of Granada, Spain J A Bryant University of Exeter, UK F-G Buchholz Universitat Gesanthochschule Paderborn, Germany M B Bush The University of Western Australia, Australia F Butera Politecnico di Milano, Italy J Byrne University of Portsmouth, UK W Cantwell Liverpool University, UK D J Cartwright Bucknell University, USA P G Carydis National Technical University of Athens, Greece J J Casares Long Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain M A Celia Princeton University, USA A Chakrabarti Indian Institute of Science, India A H-D Cheng University of Mississippi, USA J Chilton University of Lincoln, UK C-L Chiu University of Pittsburgh, USA H Choi Kangnung National University, Korea A Cieslak Technical University of Lodz, Poland S Clement Transport System Centre, Australia M W Collins Brunel University, UK J J Connor Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA M C Constantinou State University of New York at Buffalo, USA D E Cormack University of Toronto, Canada M Costantino Royal Bank of Scotland, UK D F Cutler Royal Botanic Gardens, UK W Czyczula Krakow University of Technology, Poland M da Conceicao Cunha University of Coimbra, Portugal A Davies University of Hertfordshire, UK M Davis Temple University, USA A B de Almeida Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal E R de Arantes e Oliveira Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal L De Biase University of Milan, Italy R de Borst Delft University of Technology, Netherlands G De Mey University of Ghent, Belgium A De Montis Universita di Cagliari, Italy A De Naeyer Universiteit Ghent, Belgium W P De Wilde Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium L Debnath University of Texas-Pan American, USA N J Dedios Mimbela Universidad de Cordoba, Spain G Degrande Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium S del Giudice University of Udine, Italy G Deplano Universita di Cagliari, Italy I Doltsinis University of Stuttgart, Germany M Domaszewski Universite de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, France J Dominguez University of Seville, Spain K Dorow Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA W Dover University College London, UK C Dowlen South Bank University, UK J P du Plessis University of Stellenbosch, South Africa R Duffell University of Hertfordshire, UK A Ebel University of Cologne, Germany E E Edoutos Democritus University of Thrace, Greece G K Egan Monash University, Australia K M Elawadly Alexandria University, Egypt K-H Elmer Universitat Hannover, Germany D Elms University of Canterbury, New Zealand M E M El-Sayed Kettering University, USA D M Elsom Oxford Brookes University, UK A El-Zafrany Cranfield University, UK F Erdogan Lehigh University, USA F P Escrig University of Seville, Spain D J Evans Nottingham Trent University, UK J W Everett Rowan University, USA M Faghri University of Rhode Island, USA R A Falconer Cardiff University, UK M N Fardis University of Patras, Greece P Fedelinski Silesian Technical University, Poland H J S Fernando Arizona State University, USA S Finger Carnegie Mellon University, USA J I Frankel University of Tennessee, USA D M Fraser University of Cape Town, South Africa M J Fritzler University of Calgary, Canada U Gabbert Otto-von-Guericke Universitat Magdeburg, Germany G Gambolati Universita di Padova, Italy C J Gantes National Technical University of Athens, Greece L Gaul Universitat Stuttgart, Germany A Genco University of Palermo, Italy N Georgantzis Universitat Jaume I, Spain P Giudici Universita di Pavia, Italy F Gomez Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Spain R Gomez Martin University of Granada, Spain D Goulias University of Maryland, USA K G Goulias Pennsylvania State University, USA F Grandori Politecnico di Milano, Italy W E Grant Texas A & M University, USA S Grilli University of Rhode Island, USA R H J Grimshaw Loughborough University, D Gross Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, M Karlsson Linkoping University, Sweden T Katayama Doshisha University, Japan K L Katsifarakis Aristotle University of R Grundmann Technische Universitat J T Katsikadelis National Technical A Gualtierotti IDHEAP, Switzerland R C Gupta National University of Singapore, E Kausel Massachusetts Institute of UK Germany Dresden, Germany Singapore J M Hale University of Newcastle, UK K Hameyer Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium C Hanke Danish Technical University, Denmark K Hayami National Institute of Informatics, Japan Y Hayashi Nagoya University, Japan L Haydock Newage International Limited, UK A H Hendrickx Free University of Brussels, Belgium C Herman John Hopkins University, USA S Heslop University of Bristol, UK I Hideaki Nagoya University, Japan D A Hills University of Oxford, UK W F Huebner Southwest Research Institute, USA J A C Humphrey Bucknell University, USA M Y Hussaini Florida State University, USA W Hutchinson Edith Cowan University, Australia T H Hyde University of Nottingham, UK M Iguchi Science University of Tokyo, Japan D B Ingham University of Leeds, UK L Int Panis VITO Expertisecentrum IMS, Belgium N Ishikawa National Defence Academy, Japan J Jaafar UiTm, Malaysia W Jager Technical University of Dresden, Germany Y Jaluria Rutgers University, USA C M Jefferson University of the West of England, UK P R Johnston Griffith University, Australia D R H Jones University of Cambridge, UK N Jones University of Liverpool, UK D Kaliampakos National Technical University of Athens, Greece N Kamiya Nagoya University, Japan D L Karabalis University of Patras, Greece Thessaloniki, Greece University of Athens, Greece Technology, USA H Kawashima The University of Tokyo, Japan B A Kazimee Washington State University, USA S Kim University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA D Kirkland Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners Ltd, UK E Kita Nagoya University, Japan A S Kobayashi University of Washington, USA T Kobayashi University of Tokyo, Japan D Koga Saga University, Japan A Konrad University of Toronto, Canada S Kotake University of Tokyo, Japan A N Kounadis National Technical University of Athens, Greece W B Kratzig Ruhr Universitat Bochum, Germany T Krauthammer Penn State University, USA C-H Lai University of Greenwich, UK M Langseth Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway B S Larsen Technical University of Denmark, Denmark F Lattarulo Politecnico di Bari, Italy A Lebedev Moscow State University, Russia L J Leon University of Montreal, Canada D Lewis Mississippi State University, USA S lghobashi University of California Irvine, USA K-C Lin University of New Brunswick, Canada A A Liolios Democritus University of Thrace, Greece S Lomov Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium J W S Longhurst University of the West of England, UK G Loo The University of Auckland, New Zealand J Lourenco Universidade Minho, Portugal J E Luco University of California at San Diego, USA H Lui State Seismological Bureau Harbin, China C J Lumsden University of Toronto, Canada L Lundqvist Division of Transport and Location Analysis, Sweden T Lyons Murdoch University, Australia Y-W Mai University of Sydney, Australia M Majowiecki University of Bologna, Italy D Malerba Università degli Studi di Bari, Italy G Manara University of Pisa, Italy B N Mandal Indian Statistical Institute, India Ü Mander University of Tartu, Estonia H A Mang Technische Universitat Wien, Austria G D Manolis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece W J Mansur COPPE/UFRJ, Brazil N Marchettini University of Siena, Italy J D M Marsh Griffith University, Australia J F Martin-Duque Universidad Complutense, Spain T Matsui Nagoya University, Japan G Mattrisch DaimlerChrysler AG, Germany F M Mazzolani University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy K McManis University of New Orleans, USA A C Mendes Universidade de Beira Interior, Portugal R A Meric Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Turkey J Mikielewicz Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland N Milic-Frayling Microsoft Research Ltd, UK R A W Mines University of Liverpool, UK C A Mitchell University of Sydney, Australia K Miura Kajima Corporation, Japan A Miyamoto Yamaguchi University, Japan T Miyoshi Kobe University, Japan G Molinari University of Genoa, Italy T B Moodie University of Alberta, Canada D B Murray Trinity College Dublin, Ireland G Nakhaeizadeh DaimlerChrysler AG, Germany M B Neace Mercer University, USA D Necsulescu University of Ottawa, Canada F Neumann University of Vienna, Austria S-I Nishida Saga University, Japan H Nisitani Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan B Notaros University of Massachusetts, USA P O’Donoghue University College Dublin, Ireland R O O’Neill Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA M Ohkusu Kyushu University, Japan G Oliveto Universitá di Catania, Italy R Olsen Camp Dresser & McKee Inc., USA E Oñate Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain K Onishi Ibaraki University, Japan P H Oosthuizen Queens University, Canada E L Ortiz Imperial College London, UK E Outa Waseda University, Japan A S Papageorgiou Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA J Park Seoul National University, Korea G Passerini Universita delle Marche, Italy B C Patten University of Georgia, USA G Pelosi University of Florence, Italy G G Penelis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece W Perrie Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Canada R Pietrabissa Politecnico di Milano, Italy H Pina Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal M F Platzer Naval Postgraduate School, USA D Poljak University of Split, Croatia V Popov Wessex Institute of Technology, UK H Power University of Nottingham, UK D Prandle Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, UK M Predeleanu University Paris VI, France M R I Purvis University of Portsmouth, UK I S Putra Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia Y A Pykh Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia F Rachidi EMC Group, Switzerland M Rahman Dalhousie University, Canada K R Rajagopal Texas A & M University, USA T Rang Tallinn Technical University, Estonia J Rao Case Western Reserve University, USA A M Reinhorn State University of New York at Buffalo, USA A D Rey McGill University, Canada D N Riahi University of Illinois at UrbanaB Ribas Spanish National Centre for L C Simoes University of Coimbra, Portugal A C Singhal Arizona State University, USA P Skerget University of Maribor, Slovenia J Sladek Slovak Academy of Sciences, K Richter Graz University of Technology, V Sladek Slovak Academy of Sciences, S Rinaldi Politecnico di Milano, Italy F Robuste Universitat Politecnica de A C M Sousa University of New Brunswick, Champaign, USA Environmental Health, Spain Austria Catalunya, Spain J Roddick Flinders University, Australia A C Rodrigues Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal F Rodrigues Poly Institute of Porto, Portugal C W Roeder University of Washington, USA J M Roesset Texas A & M University, USA W Roetzel Universitaet der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Germany V Roje University of Split, Croatia R Rosset Laboratoire d’Aerologie, France J L Rubio Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion, Spain T J Rudolphi Iowa State University, USA S Russenchuck Magnet Group, Switzerland H Ryssel Fraunhofer Institut Integrierte Schaltungen, Germany S G Saad American University in Cairo, Egypt M Saiidi University of Nevada-Reno, USA R San Jose Technical University of Madrid, Spain F J Sanchez-Sesma Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Mexico B Sarler Nova Gorica Polytechnic, Slovenia S A Savidis Technische Universitat Berlin, Germany A Savini Universita de Pavia, Italy G Schmid Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Germany R Schmidt RWTH Aachen, Germany B Scholtes Universitaet of Kassel, Germany W Schreiber University of Alabama, USA A P S Selvadurai McGill University, Canada J J Sendra University of Seville, Spain J J Sharp Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada Q Shen Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA X Shixiong Fudan University, China G C Sih Lehigh University, USA Slovakia Slovakia Canada H Sozer Illinois Institute of Technology, USA D B Spalding CHAM, UK P D Spanos Rice University, USA T Speck Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet Freiburg, Germany C C Spyrakos National Technical University of Athens, Greece I V Stangeeva St Petersburg University, Russia J Stasiek Technical University of Gdansk, Poland G E Swaters University of Alberta, Canada S Syngellakis University of Southampton, UK J Szmyd University of Mining and Metallurgy, Poland S T Tadano Hokkaido University, Japan H Takemiya Okayama University, Japan I Takewaki Kyoto University, Japan C-L Tan Carleton University, Canada M Tanaka Shinshu University, Japan E Taniguchi Kyoto University, Japan S Tanimura Aichi University of Technology, Japan J L Tassoulas University of Texas at Austin, USA M A P Taylor University of South Australia, Australia A Terranova Politecnico di Milano, Italy E Tiezzi University of Siena, Italy A G Tijhuis Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Netherlands T Tirabassi Institute FISBAT-CNR, Italy S Tkachenko Otto-von-Guericke-University, Germany N Tosaka Nihon University, Japan T Tran-Cong University of Southern Queensland, Australia R Tremblay Ecole Polytechnique, Canada I Tsukrov University of New Hampshire, USA R Turra CINECA Interuniversity Computing H Westphal University of Magdeburg, S G Tushinski Moscow State University, J R Whiteman Brunel University, UK Z-Y Yan Peking University, China S Yanniotis Agricultural University of Athens, Centre, Italy Russia J-L Uso Universitat Jaume I, Spain E Van den Bulck Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium D Van den Poel Ghent University, Belgium R van der Heijden Radboud University, Netherlands R van Duin Delft University of Technology, Netherlands P Vas University of Aberdeen, UK W S Venturini University of Sao Paulo, Brazil R Verhoeven Ghent University, Belgium A Viguri Universitat Jaume I, Spain Y Villacampa Esteve Universidad de Alicante, Spain F F V Vincent University of Bath, UK S Walker Imperial College, UK G Walters University of Exeter, UK B Weiss University of Vienna, Austria Germany Greece A Yeh University of Hong Kong, China J Yoon Old Dominion University, USA K Yoshizato Hiroshima University, Japan T X Yu Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong M Zador Technical University of Budapest, Hungary K Zakrzewski Politechnika Lodzka, Poland M Zamir University of Western Ontario, Canada R Zarnic University of Ljubljana, Slovenia G Zharkova Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Russia N Zhong Maebashi Institute of Technology, Japan H G Zimmermann Siemens AG, Germany Coastal Processes Editors C.A Brebbia Wessex Institute of Technology, UK G Benassai University of Naples Parthenope, Italy G.R Rodriguez Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain Coastal Processes Figure 1: 287 AutoCad map Echo sounder data conversion: All data was converted into an ArcView compatible format In order to carry out that conversion it was necessary to maintain the coordinate references and so all points are completely arranged with an x, y, z trio Bathymetry lines incorporation with their respective labels: All data obtained in AutoCad format was converted into an ArcView compatible format and it was necessary to process each of the points surveyed Comparison between bathymetries corresponding to both winter and summer campaigns Profile drawing for each of the four beaches surveyed: Each of the profiles were drawn associated to an ArcView profile in another layer 3D models for each of the beaches surveyed: Each of the 3D models drawn were added to a layer associated with each of the beaches surveyed It is important to consider that 3D models were made from data taken following lines perpendicular to the coast line with an equidistance of 100 meters, making the data density different between data parallel to the coast line and those that are perpendicular, making the model much more liable on the zones near the profile lines Integration of bathymetry comparisons: As there are seasonal variations between beach profiles in winter and summer, which are even more noticeable after severe storms, beach profiles adopt characteristic shapes recognizable in the bathymetries, experiencing severe erosion in the emerged zone and those sediments are accommodated in the zone WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 126, © 2009 WIT Press www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) 288 Coastal Processes affected by coastal dynamics Those zones are not well defined when there are remarkable tides and that is the particular case of the zone surveyed with tide range of about 3.5 meters It is noticeable that if there is sediment transport along the coast summer profiles are never recovered, so there is irreversible erosion So it is useful to know the extent of these phenomena and it is necessary to make an in-depth study on the existing currents and sediment transport in potential and real cases Results In this first phase of the Project the geographic information system is a useful tool that makes it possible to have all the information from the surveys incorporated into a system that is easy to operate, simplifying the design and obtaining the products needed by the user Each of the elements added to the GIS has geographical references Among those we find all sediment samples taken during the two bathymetric campaigns, along with the information table, such as the one shown in table Other elements added to the system are both summer and winter bathymetry maps, which can also be overlaid to obtain the difference between both bathymetries The profiles for each beach were also drawn, geo-referenced and associated to an image that represents the profile Table 1: Sample Location Beach Profile No REGLA 13 16 18 16 BALLENA 22 30 36 COSTILLA 12 16 24 ROMPIDILLO 12 Table showing D50 data from all samples 0.32 0.27 0.32 0.17 0.27 0.20 0.35 0.32 0.36 0.16 0.18 0.32 0.22 0.23 0.30 0.25 0.32 Rock 0.23 0.25 0.36 0.21 0.25 0.17 0.17 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.51 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.51 0.27 0.10 0.16 0.23 0.76 0.30 0.72 0.82 0.25 0.18 0.18 Rock 0.24 0.28 0.32 0.28 0.29 0.54 0.31 0.33 0.90 0.25 0.13 0.17 Rock 0.22 Depth ‐1 Rock 0.29 0.14 0.17 Rock Rock 0.28 0.40 0.34 0.22 0.56 0.36 0.37 0.20 0.23 0.38 0.28 0.29 0.12 0.13 ‐2 Rock 0.10 0.18 Rock Rock 0.42 0.16 0.15 Rock Rock Rock 0.45 0.31 Rock Rock 0.30 Rock Rock 0.18 0.18 * Not enough depth WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 126, © 2009 WIT Press www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) ‐3 Rock 0.37 Rock Rock Rock 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.14 0.32 Rock Rock Rock Rock Rock 0.25 Rock Rock Rock 0.15 ‐5 * Rock Rock Rock Rock Rock 0.16 0.09 Rock 0.31 Rock Rock Rock Rock Rock Rock Rock Rock Rock Rock Coastal Processes Figure 2: 289 Bathymetry example using AutoCad On the other hand, more products can also be obtained depending on the information needed by the user In this particular case two of those multiple products are shown, and these are the layer layout selected by the user and the printed report for all data previously selected Development of sustainability indicators Given the fragility of the ecosystems present in the coastal zone surveyed, the importance derived from its legal nature justifies the diverse attempts to provide instruments and orientations for the integral coastal management in the European Union [11] The interest and the necessity for sustainable development, the current concerns being faced that threaten the environment and the defective management carried out lately have also led to a re-examination of the means at our disposal to evaluate and monitor the evolution and trends of the environment, as well as those of the use of natural resources and development processes (Winograd [12]; EU [13]; Backhaus [14]) The decision making process along with the analysis and monitoring of policies and development strategies often uses data, statistical economic and social indicators at regional and national level (UNEP [15]; UNDP [16]) However, regarding the environment, the equivalent information is not available to the user and frequently it does not even exist, preventing decision making regarding the environment from being carried out unless it considers components and characteristics from real processes So it is necessary to provide the WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 126, © 2009 WIT Press www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) 290 Coastal Processes Figure 3: Figure 4: Profile example Comparison between winter and summer bathymetries WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 126, © 2009 WIT Press www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) Coastal Processes Figure 5: Figure 6: Example of profile Example of layer layout WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 126, © 2009 WIT Press www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) 291 292 Coastal Processes indicators needed to create an important tool in terms of communication, making scientific and technical information available to many groups of users (Lindsey et al 1977) In order to make a correct evaluation of the actions proposed and to check the consequences of those actions it is necessary to have a coherent measurement and evaluation system according to the characteristics of the zone surveyed That is why it is necessary to have the appropriate indicators to form an evaluation and control tool for the environmental improvements carried out in the zone, along with the quality of life adapted to specific necessities of each region and social and economic development model The coastal zone integral management has been recognized as a sub-field of environmental planning It incorporates several sectors and gathers regional relevance, given the growing importance of the coastal section in terms of healthy feeding, decrease of poverty, biodiversity conservation, and reduction of natural risks as well as economic development (Lowry 2002) Consequently, all those actions carried out in the coastal zone have to consider the economic, social and environmental realities Given the information complexity it is necessary to have tools that simplify the decision making In this sense, the development of sustainability indicators makes it possible to consider the criteria that integrate the three spheres of action (economic, social and environmental), which are also integrated into the geographic information system, making it possible to update and look up any information on the indicators in a quantity and quality way From a methodological point of view it is useful to make a diagnosis to achieve the physiographic unit fragmentation in order to evaluate the current state of every segment, establishing each of the characteristics in common and the differences and interrelations that they have between them This analysis is to establish possible guidelines to follow from the actions to be carried out for each coastal zone considered Conclusion Geographic information systems are useful tools when managing great quantities of spatial information as well as cartographic data The Integral Coastal Management and the performance of the corresponding water law necessitate the simultaneous treatment of a mass of information, a great percentage of which is geo-referenced, making the geographic information system an adequate tool for the appropriate use of that information because all data is transformed into cartographic or alphanumeric data With the integration of sustainability indicators into the geographic information system it is intended to give the relevant authorities the possibility to use a tool that is useful to evaluate the actions intended to be carried out or just for the analysis of restoration proposals, as well as to analyze and justify the decisions adopted or not adopted to the group of stake holders from the coastal field WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 126, © 2009 WIT Press www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) Coastal Processes 293 References [1] Almazán, J., (2008), “El Régimen jurídico de los Puertos del Estado Agenda de Legislación” Edit E.T.S Ing Caminos, C y P [2] Almazán, J., (2006), “El Régimen jurídico de los Puertos del Estado.” Edit E.T.S Ing Caminos, C y P [3] Almazán, J., (2000), “Introducción al diso de obras de defensa de 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De la Pa, J (2007), “Ga técnica de estudios litorales: Manual de costas”, Edit Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos [12] Winograd M., 1995, Environmental Indicators for Latin America and the Caribbean: Towards Land Use Sustainability, GASE in collaboration with IICA- GTZ Project, Organization of American States and World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C., 85 pp [13] “EU Member State experiences with sustainable development indicators” European Comission, 2004 [14] Backhaus, R., 2002, “The spatial dimension of landscape sustainability” [15] “Selected Satellite Images of Our Changing Environment” UNEP 1993 [16] UNDP, 1994 “Statements and Recommendations from Major International Meetings on Water Resources, Water Supply and Sanitation” UNDP Science, Technology and Private Sector Division WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 126, © 2009 WIT Press www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) This page intentionally left blank Coastal Processes 295 Author Index Aagaard T 185, 197 Akbar M 97 Aliabadi S 97 Almazán Gárate J L 283 Amanifard N 63 Antunes Carmo J S 139 Aps R 235, 247 Baldock T E 197 Benassai G 119, 129 Brander R W 197 Celentano P 119 Cerón J G 213, 259 Cerón R M 213, 259 Chu P C 27 Dattero M 129 de la Peña J M 273 de Oliveira M M F 75 Del Campo A 225 Duvat V 149 Ebecken N F F 75 Endañu E 259 Ferrer L 225 Fetissov M 247 Fontán A 225 Joseph E 197 Kingston K 39 Kopti M 235, 247 Kotta I 235 Kotta J 235, 247 Kullas T 105 Kyriakidis K 27 Leiger R 235, 247 Lendzion J 51 Liu P C 15 López E 259 MacHutchon K R 15 Mader J 225 Maffucci A 129 Mahnama S M 63 Mander Ü 235, 247 Maritime and Portuary Engineering Investigation Group 283 Mehrdad M A 63 Mendonỗa A 139 Mendoza S 259 Möller I 51 Muriel-García M 213 Myrhaug D 85, 163, 177 García M 259 González M 225 Greenwood B 185, 197 Guerra J J 259 Neshaei S A L 63 Neves M G 139 Haeger S D 27 Hayes A 51 Herkül K 235, 247 Holman R 39 Holmedal L E 163, 177 Hughes M G 197 Huntley D 39 Patel R 97 Pettersen B 163 Ong M C 163 Ramírez M 259 Rodríguez G Rubio A 225 Rue H 85 296 Coastal Processes Sánchez R 259 Santás J C 273 Saulter A 39 Schwab D J 15 Sessa F 119 Spencer T 51 Suursaar Ü 105, 235, 247 Uriarte Ad 225 Utnes T 163 ten Voorde M 139 Zerbe S 51 Vega J L Ward M 27 Wu C H 15 This page intentionally left blank .for scientists by scientists Environmental Problems in Coastal Regions VII Edited by: C.A BREBBIA, Wessex Institute of Technology, UK Coastal zones are particularly vulnerable to problems related to population growth and industrial and tourism activities The resulting ecological, social and economic pressures lead to conflict between different areas Effective strategies for management of coastal zones should therefore consider them as integrated systems in order to control their dynamic quality One of the most serious problems affecting coastal areas is the damage resulting from oil and chemical spills Numerous and frequent spills demonstrate the extent of the damage inflicted on the environment when a large volume of oil is released and, in particular, the susceptibility of the coastal region ecology to these spills This book brings together papers presented at the Seventh International Conference on Environmental Problems in Coastal Regions including Oil and Chemical Spill Studies The Meeting dealt with problems related to monitoring, analysis and modelling of coastal regions, including sea, land and air phenomena, and an important part of the Conference was the discussion of ecological and environmental problems, and the issues of water quality The Conference also addressed topics related to soil and land spills, and comprised studies of modelling and the fate of oil and chemical slicks as well as the development of spill contingency plans and issues relative to prevention and clean-up measures The papers presented cover the following topics: Ecology and the Coastal Environment; Water Quality Issues; Coastal Deterioration; Sediment Transport; Coastal Dunes WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, Vol 99 ISBN: 978-1-84564-108-5 2008 256pp £84.00/US$168.00/€109.00 eISBN: 978-1-84564-314-0 Find us at http://www.witpress.com Save 10% when you order from our encrypted ordering service on the web using your credit card for scientists by scientists Introduction to Coastal Dynamics and Shoreline Protection G BENASSAI, University Parthenope, Italy This book provides an integrated approach to coastal dynamics and shoreline protection, aided by the use of specific case studies It was developed from lecture notes for a course in Coastal Dynamics and Shoreline Protection addressed to students of Environmental Sciences, and for this reason it is organized in such a way as to introduce the reader to the fundamental principles of the topics discussed in each chapter The text introduces both undergraduate and graduate engineering students, as well as practicing engineers, to the different meteo-marine factors that influence coastal dynamics Using practical and theoretical application, this book explores factors such as winds, sea level variations, offshore waves (predicted and measured, regular and random), wave transformation and breaking as well as topics of sediment transport computation, beach profile and shoreline modelling and coastal protection systems Some of the topics discussed are as follows: Coastal Remediation and Management; Mechanisms of Sediment Transport such as Linear and Higher Order Waves, Random Waves and Spectra, Wave Transformation in the Coastal Zone, Water Levels, Short-term and Long-term Wave Prediction, Sediment Transport, Shoreline and Beach Profile Modelling; Alternative Protection Systems; Basic Elements of Hydraulic and Structural Design for both Rigid Structures and Beach Fills ISBN: 978-1-84564-054-5 2006 £129.00/US$215.00/€189.00 eISBN: 978-1-84564-250-1 352pp All prices correct at time of going to press but subject to change WIT Press books are available through your bookseller or direct from the publisher for scientists by scientists Coastal Watershed Management Edited by: A FARES and A EL-KADI, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Hawaii,USA Land use changes and competing needs for valuable water and land resources are distinctive to tropical watersheds For example, surface water is a valuable resource of significant economic, ecological, cultural, and aesthetic importance Streams supply irrigation water and can be the main source of drinking water in some place They also provide important habitats for many unique native species Coastal groundwater aquifers are negatively affected by land use changes and increased chemical use leading to reduced recharge and saltwater intrusion Limited water resources and concerns regarding water quality necessitate the need for best management practices The contents in the book can be generally divided to three sections dealing with a general overview of hydrological modelling, water quality, and watershed management Water quality chapters cover nutrient bioavailability of soils and sediments in a watershed influenced by agricultural; processes and pathways of sediment movement in watersheds; fine particles in small steep-land streams; effects of land use changes and groundwater pumping on salt water intrusions in coastal watersheds; function and role of coastal wetlands in reducing impact of land based management; and microbial issues in Hawaii’s tropical watersheds This book contains papers presented at the Seventh International Conference on Environmental Problems in Coastal Regions including Oil and Chemical Spill Studies, including the following topics: Ecology and Coastal Environment; Coastal Deterioration; Management of Risk; Water Quality Issues; Sediment Transport; Coastal Dunes Progress in Water Resources Series Vol 13 ISBN: 978-1-84564-091-0 2008 432pp £138.00/US$276.00/€179.50 eISBN: 978-1-84564-322-5 We are now able to supply you with details of new WIT Press titles via E-Mail To subscribe to this free service, or for information on any of our titles, please contact the Marketing Department, WIT Press, Ashurst Lodge, Ashurst, Southampton, SO40 7AA, UK Tel: +44 (0) 238 029 3223 Fax: +44 (0) 238 029 2853 E-mail: marketing@witpress.com .for scientists by scientists Ecological Indicators for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Assessment A User Guide Edited by: J.C.MARQUES, Institute of Marine Research, University of Coimbra, Portugal Experience demonstrates that none of the available measures for biological and ecological effects of pollution can be considered ideal The use of a single approach does not seem appropriate due to the complexity inherent in assessing the environmental quality of a system Rather, this should be evaluated by combining a set of indicators providing complementary information A decision key has been built with the aim of helping managers and authorities of coastal areas to select the most suitable ecological indicators, taking into account the type of disturbance and the data available It includes numerous indicators based on benthic invertebrate fauna information This allows the monitoring of long-term responses and site-specific impacts in coastal and transitional water ecosystems, because benthic communities integrate environmental conditions and changes in a very effective way The decision system is based not only on theoretical approaches, but also on results from its application using databases corresponding to various geographical areas ISBN: 978-1-84564-209-9 2009 £79.00/US$142.00/€98.00 eISBN: 978-1-84564-403-1 208pp WIT eLibrary Home of the Transactions of the Wessex Institute, the WIT electronic-library provides the international scientific community with immediate and permanent access to individual papers presented at WIT conferences Visitors to the WIT eLibrary can freely browse and search abstracts of all papers in the collection before progressing to download their full text Visit the WIT eLibrary at http://library.witpress.com ... http://library.witpress.com FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICAL COASTAL PROCESSES, MANAGEMENT AND ENGINEERING COASTAL PROCESSES CONFERENCE CHAIRMEN C.A Brebbia Wessex Institute of Technology,... prior written permission of the Publisher Preface Coastal regions present a complex dynamic web of natural and human related processes Although coastal zones are narrow areas extending a few kilometres... dynamic behaviour of the coastal zone Coastal zones represent potential sources of renewable energy generated from winds, waves, tides, currents and thermal gradients However, the coastal zone is also