Test bank for clinical nursing skills and techniques 7th edition by perry

Test Bank For Clinical Nursing Skills and Techniques 7th Edition by Perry Chapter 29: Blood Transfusions Link download full: https://getbooksolutions.com/download/test-bankfor-clinical-nursing-skills-and-techniques-7th-edition-by-perry MULTIPLE CHOICE For how long may packed red blood cells (RBCs) be stored, if not frozen? a weeks b Several years c 72 hours d 24 hours ANS: A A unit of RBCs can be stored for weeks or, if frozen, for several years DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Reference: Page 786 OBJ: Discuss indications for blood therapy TOP: Packed Red Cells KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity The patient has been tested and found to have blood type O This means that which antigen is present on the surface of the red blood cells? a The type A antigen is present b The type B antigen is present c Neither type A nor type B antigens are present d Both type A and type B antigens are present ANS: C When neither A nor B antigens are present, the blood group is type O When the type A antigen is present, the blood group is called type A When the type B antigen is present, the blood group is type B When both A and B antigens are present, the blood group is type AB 29-2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Reference: Page 786 OBJ: Describe various transfusion reactions TOP: Blood Type KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity A nurse is concerned about the type of blood that a patient is to receive Which type blood may a patient with an O blood type safely receive? a Type A blood b Type B blood c Type AB blood d Type O blood ANS: D People with type O blood have both A and B antibodies, and therefore can receive only type O blood People with type A blood have anti-B antibodies, therefore type A blood People with type B blood have anti-A antibodies, therefore type B blood People with type AB blood have neither antibody and therefore can receive all blood types DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Reference: Page 786 OBJ: Demonstrate the following skills on selected patients: initiating blood therapy, implementing autotransfusion, and monitoring for adverse reactions to transfusion TOP: Type O Blood KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity The patient is brought to the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident and has lost a large volume of blood The patient’s blood type is AB Which blood type may this patient safely receive in transfusion? a Can receive only type AB blood b Can receive only type O blood c Can receive all blood types d Can receive only type A blood 29-3 ANS: C People with type AB blood have neither antibody and therefore can receive all blood types DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Reference: Page 786 OBJ: Demonstrate the following skills on selected patients: initiating blood therapy, implementing autotransfusion, and monitoring for adverse reactions to transfusion TOP: Type AB Blood KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity The patient has received a total of units of blood over the last 24 hours The nurse assesses the patient’s laboratory test results in the morning Which of the following would be an expected complication? a Hypokalemia b Hypercalcemia c Hypocalcemia d Iron deficiency ANS: C Blood that is preserved with citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD) contains a high concentration of citrate ions The excess citrate may combine with the ionized calcium in the recipient’s blood, resulting in transient low ionized calcium levels Although ionized calcium deficiency resulting from blood transfusions is rare, it is more likely to occur in young children, older adults, and patients with osteoporosis When blood is stored, there is continual destruction of RBCs, which releases potassium from the cells into the plasma If blood is transfused rapidly, transient hyperkalemia may occur before the potassium is reabsorbed Patients receiving multiple transfusions should be assessed for iron overload DIF: Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF: Text Reference: Page 788 OBJ: Describe various transfusion reactions TOP: Hypocalcemia KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation 29-4 MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity The patient has received a total of units of blood over the last hours The nurse assesses the patient’s laboratory test results Which of the following would be an expected complication? a Hypokalemia b Hyperkalemia c Hypercalcemia d Iron deficiency ANS: B When blood is stored, there is continual destruction of RBCs, which releases potassium from the cells into the plasma If blood is transfused rapidly, transient hyperkalemia may occur before the potassium is reabsorbed Blood that is preserved with citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD) contains a high concentration of citrate ions The excess citrate may combine with the ionized calcium in the recipient’s blood, resulting in transient low ionized calcium levels Patients receiving multiple transfusions should be assessed for iron overload DIF: Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF: Text Reference: Page 788 OBJ: Describe various transfusion reactions TOP: Hyperkalemia KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity The patient is to receive units of packed RBC The units are cold, and the nurse is concerned that this could lead to dysrhythmias and/or a reduction in core temperature What action may the nurse take to prevent this? a Warm the blood in a microwave b Warm the blood using hot water c Warm the blood using a blood warmer d Allow the blood to warm to room temperature before administering ANS: C 29-5 In emergency situations, rapid transfusion of cold blood may lead to dysrhythmias and a reduction in core temperature Sometimes a blood warmer machine is used for large transfusions of greater than 50 mL/kg/hr or in patients with cold agglutinins Heating blood products in a microwave or with hot water is dangerous and may destroy blood cells Blood must be given within a prescribed time frame Allowing the blood to come to room temperature before administration would decrease the time available for administration DIF: Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF: Text Reference: Page 790 OBJ: Describe various transfusion reactions TOP: Blood Warmer KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity The patient is scheduled to receive unit of packed RBCs She has small, fragile veins, and a 22-gauge intravenous (IV) patent catheter is in place What should the nurse do? a Cancel the blood transfusion b Insert a 16-gauge IV catheter into the antecubital fossa c Use the IV catheter that is in place d Transfuse the blood over hours ANS: C In emergency situations that require rapid transfusions, a large-gauge cannula is preferred; however, transfusions for therapeutic indications may be infused with cannulas ranging from 20 to 24 gauge Large-gauge cannulas (18 or 20 gauge) promote rapid flow of blood components 16-gauge catheters frequently are used in surgery, but not usually on acute care units Blood must be transfused within hours Use of smaller cannula gauges, such as 24 gauge, often requires the blood bank to divide the unit so that each half can be infused within the allotted time or to require pressure-assisted devices DIF: Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF: Text Reference: Page 791 OBJ: Describe various transfusion reactions TOP: IV Catheter Size 29-6 KEY: MSC: Nursing Process Step: Implementation NCLEX: Physiological Integrity What primary intervention should a nurse who is preparing a blood transfusion perform? a Set up the Y tubing b Obtain 0.9% saline c Verify the blood product and the patient d Have the patient void or empty the urine drainage container ANS: C Correctly verify the product and identify the patient with a person considered qualified by your agency Strict adherence to verification procedures before administration of blood or blood components reduces the risk for administering the wrong blood to the patient Clerical errors are the cause of most hemolytic transfusion reactions Y tubing is used to facilitate maintenance of IV access in case a patient will need more than unit of blood However, the focus here is on prevention of possible blood reactions Use of Y tubing will not prevent a blood reaction Normal saline is compatible with blood products, unlike solutions that contain dextrose, which causes coagulation of donor blood However, strict adherence to verification procedures before administration of blood or blood components reduces the risk for administering the wrong blood to the patient Empty urine drainage collection container or have patient void If a transfusion reaction occurs, a urine specimen containing urine produced after initiation of the transfusion will be sent to the laboratory DIF: Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF: Text Reference: Page 792 OBJ: Demonstrate the following skills on selected patients: initiating blood therapy, implementing autotransfusion, and monitoring for adverse reactions to transfusion TOP: Pretransfusion Procedure KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 29-7 10 The patient is to receive unit of packed RBCs The nurse obtains the blood from the blood bank and returns to the unit to find that the patient has been taken to radiology for a CT scan and is expected to return in about an hour What should the nurse do? a Go to radiology and administer the blood b Keep the blood refrigerated until the patient returns c Return the blood to the blood bank d Hang the blood in the patient’s room and start it when the patient returns ANS: C Initiate the blood transfusion within 30 minutes from time of release from blood bank If you cannot this because the patient is in the bathroom or the physician has to be notified of an elevated temperature, immediately return the blood to the blood bank, and retrieve it when you can administer it DIF: Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF: Text Reference: Page 793 OBJ: Demonstrate the following skills on selected patients: initiating blood therapy, implementing autotransfusion, and monitoring for adverse reactions to transfusion TOP: Delayed Start of Transfusion KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 11 The nurse is preparing to administer a unit of blood to a patient using blood tubing On the blood product side of the Y tubing, she will hang blood What will she hang on the other side of the Y tubing? a Dextrose 5% b Normal saline c Dextrose 10% d Dextrose 5%/normal saline ANS: B Normal saline is compatible with blood products, unlike solutions that contain dextrose, which causes coagulation of donor blood DIF: Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF: Text Reference: Page 795 29-8 OBJ: Demonstrate the following skills on selected patients: initiating blood therapy, implementing autotransfusion, and monitoring for adverse reactions to transfusion TOP: Normal Saline and Blood Products KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 12 The nurse is administering blood What should the nurse to detect a blood reaction as quickly as possible? a Remain with the patient during the first 15 minutes b Transfuse the blood at 10 mL/min c Monitor vital signs q hour d Transfuse blood at 50 gtt/min ANS: A Remain with patient during the first 15 minutes of a transfusion Most transfusion reactions occur within the first 15 minutes of a transfusion Initial flow rate during this time should be mL/min, or 20 gtt/min Infusing a small amount of blood component initially minimizes the volume of blood to which the patient is exposed, thereby minimizing the severity of a reaction Monitor patient’s vital signs at minutes, 15 minutes, and every 30 minutes until hour after transfusion or per agency policy Frequent monitoring of vital signs will help to quickly alert the nurse to a transfusion reaction DIF: Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF: Text Reference: Page 795 OBJ: Demonstrate the following skills on selected patients: initiating blood therapy, implementing autotransfusion, and monitoring for adverse reactions to transfusion TOP: Early Detection of Blood Reaction KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 13 An appropriate technique for the nurse to implement for a blood transfusion is to: a Provide medication through the IV line with the blood b Regulate the flow of blood so that it infuses over hours c Clear the IV tubing with normal saline after the blood infuses 29-9 d Administer a blood product with clots through a filter line ANS: C After blood has infused, clear the IV line with 0.9% normal saline and discard blood bag according to agency policy Medication should never be injected into the same IV line as a blood component because of the risk for contaminating the blood product with pathogens and the possibility of incompatibility A separate IV line must be maintained if the patient requires IV infusion (total parenteral nutrition, pain control) during the transfusion A unit of blood should not hang for longer than hours because of the danger of bacterial growth Check appearance of blood product for leaks, bubbles, clots, or purplish color Do not transfuse blood if integrity is compromised Blood serves as a medium for bacteria DIF: Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF: Text Reference: Page 795 OBJ: Demonstrate the following skills on selected patients: initiating blood therapy, implementing autotransfusion, and monitoring for adverse reactions to transfusion TOP: Blood Product Administration KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 14 When a patient’s adverse reaction to a blood transfusion is differentiated, which of the following signs/symptoms indicates the presence of an anaphylactic response? a Wheezing and chest pain b Headache and muscle pain c Hypotension and tingling of the extremities d Crackles in the lungs and increased central venous pressure ANS: A Observe the patient for wheezing, chest pain, and possible cardiac arrest All of these are indications of an anaphylactic reaction 29-10 Be alert to patient complaints of headache or muscle pain in the presence of a fever Both may be indicative of a febrile nonhemolytic reaction In patients receiving massive transfusions, observe patient for mild hypothermia, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotension, and hypocalcemia Cold blood products can affect the cardiac conduction system, resulting in ventricular dysrhythmias Other cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotension, and tingling may indicate hypocalcemia, which occurs when citrate (used as a preservative for some blood products) combines with the patient’s calcium Crackles in bases of lungs and a rising central venous pressure (CVP) are indications of circulatory overload DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Text Reference: Page 797 OBJ: Describe various transfusion reactions TOP: Anaphylactic Response KEY: Nursing Process Step: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 15 The patient is receiving a unit of packed RBCs Fifteen minutes into the procedure, he complains of severe kidney pain, and his temperature increases degrees Fahrenheit The nurse stops the transfusion immediately, suspecting that which of the following reactions is occurring? a A delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction b A nonhemolytic febrile reaction c An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction d A severe allergic reaction ANS: C Symptoms of an acute hemolytic reaction usually begin within 15 minutes of transfusion initiation and include severe pain in the kidney area and chest, increased temperature (up to 105 F), increased heart rate, and sensation of heat and pain along vein receiving blood, as well as chills, low back pain, headache, nausea, chest or back pain, chest tightness, dyspnea, bronchospasm, anxiety, hypotension, vascular collapse, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and possibly death 29-11 Symptoms of a delayed hemolytic reaction usually begin to 14 days after the transfusion and include unexplained fever, unexplained decrease in hemoglobin/hematocrit (Hgb/Hct), increased bilirubin levels, and jaundice Symptoms of a nonhemolytic febrile reaction begin between 30 minutes after initiation and hours after completion of transfusion and include fever greater than C above baseline, flushing, chills, headache, and muscle pain; they occur most frequently in immunosuppressed patients Symptoms of an acute severe allergic reaction usually begin within to 15 minutes of initiation of transfusion and include coughing, nausea, vomiting, respiratory distress, wheezing, hypotension, loss of consciousness, and possible cardiac arrest DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Text Reference: Page 788 OBJ: Describe various transfusion reactions TOP: Acute Hemolytic Reaction KEY: Nursing Process Step: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 16 The patient has been home from the hospital for 10 days On the last day of his hospitalization, he received units of packed RBCs This morning, he noticed that his skin had a yellow tint to it, and his temperature was elevated Which reaction may this patient be experiencing? a Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction b Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction c A nonhemolytic febrile reaction d A severe allergic transfusion reaction ANS: A Symptoms of a delayed hemolytic reaction usually begin to 14 days after the transfusion and include unexplained fever, unexplained decrease in Hgb/Hct, increased bilirubin levels, and jaundice 29-12 Symptoms of an acute hemolytic reaction usually begin within 15 minutes of transfusion initiation and include severe pain in kidney area and chest and increased temperature (up to 105 F); increased heart rate and sensation of heat and pain along vein receiving blood, as well as chills, low back pain, headache, nausea, chest or back pain, chest tightness, dyspnea, bronchospasm, anxiety, hypotension, vascular collapse, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and possibly death Symptoms of a nonhemolytic febrile reaction begin between 30 minutes after initiation to hours after completion of transfusion and include fever greater than C above baseline, flushing, chills, headache, and muscle pain; they occur most frequently in immunosuppressed patients Symptoms of an acute severe allergic reaction usually begin within to 15 minutes of initiation of transfusion and include coughing, nausea, vomiting, respiratory distress, wheezing, hypotension, loss of consciousness, and possible cardiac arrest DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Text Reference: Page 788 OBJ: Describe various transfusion reactions TOP: Delayed Hemolytic Reaction KEY: Nursing Process Step: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 17 The specific blood product used for replacement of clotting factors and fibrinogen is: a Whole blood b Packed RBCs c Cryoprecipitate d Albumin, 25% pooled ANS: C Replaces factors VIII and XIII, von Willebrand’s factor, and fibrinogen Replaces red cell mass and plasma volume; expected to raise hemoglobin g/100 mL and hematocrit by 3% in nonhemorrhaging adult Preferred method of replacing red blood cell mass; expected to raise Hgb/HCT level the same as whole blood Colloid components—albumin 25% pooled Increased circulating blood volume by increasing intravascular oncotic pressure DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Text Reference: Page 790 29-13 OBJ: Discuss indications for blood therapy TOP: Cryoprecipitate KEY: Nursing Process Step: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity MULTIPLE RESPONSE Transfusion therapy is the intravenous (IV) administration of which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a Whole blood b Plasma products c Red blood cells (RBC)s d Platelets ANS: A, B, C, D Transfusion therapy or blood replacement is the IV administration of whole blood, its components, or plasma-derived product for therapeutic purposes DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Reference: Page 786 OBJ: Discuss indications for blood therapy TOP: Transfusion Therapy KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity What is the purpose of administering a transfusion? (Select all that apply.) a Restore intravascular volume b Restore oxygen-carrying capacity of blood c Provide clotting factors d Improve blood pressure ANS: A, B, C Transfusions are used to restore intravascular volume with whole blood or albumin, to restore oxygen-carrying capacity of blood with RBCs, and to provide clotting factors and/or platelets Although increasing blood volume may increase blood pressure, increasing blood pressure is not a primary objective of transfusion 29-14 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 786 OBJ: Discuss indications for blood therapy Therapy KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning Physiological Integrity Text Reference: Page TOP: Transfusion MSC: NCLEX: The patient is to receive units of packed RBCs Before administering the blood, the nurse needs to: (Select all that apply.) a Insert an 18-gauge IV cannula b Have patient complete a consent form c Obtain pretransfusion vital signs d Notify physician for a temperature of 37º C ANS: B, C In emergency situations that require rapid transfusions, a large-gauge cannula is preferred; however, transfusions for therapeutic indications may be infused with cannulas ranging from 20 to 24 gauge Check that patient has properly completed and signed transfusion consent before retrieving blood Most agencies require patients to sign consent forms before receiving blood component therapy because of the inherent risks Obtain and record pretransfusion vital signs, including temperature, immediately before initiation of transfusion If patient is febrile [temperature greater than 100 F (37.8 C)], notify physician or health care provider before initiating transfusion Change from baseline vital signs during infusion will alert the nurse to a potential transfusion reaction or adverse effect of therapy DIF: Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF: Text Reference: Page 791 OBJ: Demonstrate the following skills on selected patients: initiating blood therapy, implementing autotransfusion, and monitoring for adverse reactions to transfusion TOP: Pretransfusion Procedure KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity The patient is receiving blood when he suddenly complains of low back pain and develops diaphoresis and chills The nurse should: (Select all that apply.) a Stop the transfusion 29-15 b Start the normal saline connected to the Y tubing c Notify the physician d Start normal saline using new IV tubing ANS: A, C, D If signs of a transfusion reaction occur, stop the transfusion, start normal saline with new primed tubing directly to the ventricular assist device (VAD) at keep vein open rate (KVO) and notify the physician immediately DIF: Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF: Text Reference: Page 795 OBJ: Demonstrate the following skills on selected patients: initiating blood therapy, implementing autotransfusion, and monitoring for adverse reactions to transfusion TOP: Blood Reaction KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity Symptoms that indicate an adverse reaction to blood products include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a Fever b Skin rash c Hypotension d Cardiac arrest ANS: A, B, C, D Symptoms that indicate an adverse reaction range from fever, chills, and skin rash to hypotension and cardiac arrest DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Reference: Page 797 OBJ: Describe various transfusion reactions TOP: Symptoms of a Blood Product Reaction KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity COMPLETION The average adult has about _ liters of blood 29-16 ANS: The average adult has about L of blood DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Reference: Page 786 OBJ: Discuss indications for blood therapy TOP: Transfusion Therapy KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity The patient is about to receive units of blood The most common method used for blood transfusion is to administer blood from someone other than the patient Blood donated from someone else is known as blood ANS: allogenic The most common method used for blood transfusion is allogenic blood, or blood donated from someone else DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Reference: Page 786 OBJ: Discuss indications for blood therapy TOP: Allogenic Blood KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity A transfusion in which the donor is the patient is known as an transfusion or autotransfusion ANS: autologous In autologous transfusion, or autotransfusion, the donor is the patient DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Reference: Page 786 OBJ: Discuss indications for blood therapy TOP: Autologous Transfusion KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 29-17 The presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells determines _ in the ABO system ANS: blood type The presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells determines blood type in the ABO system DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Reference: Page 786 OBJ: Describe various transfusion reactions TOP: Blood Type KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity Antibodies that react against the A and B antigens are naturally present in the plasma of people whose red blood cells not carry the antigen These antibodies react against the foreign antigens Incompatible red blood cells clump together or _, which results in a life-threatening hemolytic transfusion reaction ANS: agglutinate Antibodies that react against the A and B antigens are naturally present in the plasma of people whose red blood cells not carry the antigen These antibodies (agglutinins) react against the foreign antigens (agglutinogens) Incompatible red blood cells agglutinate (clump together), which results in a life-threatening hemolytic transfusion reaction DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Reference: Page 786 OBJ: Describe various transfusion reactions TOP: Agglutination KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity Although six common types of Rh antigen may be present on the surface of red blood cells, the _ antigen is widely prevalent and is most likely to elicit an immune response ANS: type D 29-18 Although six common types of Rh antigen may be present on the surface of red blood cells, the type D antigen is widely prevalent and is most likely to elicit an immune response DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Reference: Page 786 OBJ: Demonstrate the following skills on selected patients: initiating blood therapy, implementing autotransfusion, and monitoring for adverse reactions to transfusion TOP: Type D Antigen KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity A systemic response to the administration of a blood product that is incompatible with the blood of the recipient, contains allergens to which the recipient is sensitive or allergic, or is contaminated with pathogens is known as a ANS: hemolytic reaction A hemolytic reaction is a systemic response to the administration of a blood product that is incompatible with the blood of the recipient, contains allergens to which the recipient is sensitive or allergic, or is contaminated with pathogens DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Reference: Page 797 OBJ: Describe various transfusion reactions TOP: Hemolytic Reaction KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity The patient has received blood within the last hours The patient begins to feel short of breath and calls for the nurse The nurse finds that the patient is dusky in color with crackles throughout his lungs and is coughing up pink frothy sputum The nurse calls the physician immediately, knowing that the patient is showing signs of _ ANS: transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) 29-19 Possible adverse outcomes that result from transfusion therapy include transmission of diseases, circulatory overload, and TRALI characterized by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema with an onset within hours of transfusion DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Text Reference: Page 797 OBJ: Describe various transfusion reactions TOP: Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity Under the ABO system, the blood type can be given to any individual and is known as the “Universal Donor.” ANS: O negative O negative can be given to people of any blood type and is known as the “Universal Donor.” DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Reference: Page 787 OBJ: Demonstrate the following skills on selected patients: initiating blood therapy, implementing autotransfusion, and monitoring for adverse reactions to transfusion TOP: Universal Donor KEY: Nursing Process Step: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity