Test bank for american government power and purpose 11th edition by lowi ginsberg shepsle and ansolabehere

Test Bank for American Government Power and Purpose 11th Edition by Theodore J.Lowi, Benjamin Ginsberg, Kenneth A.Shepsle and Stephen Ansolabehere Link full download Test bank: https://getbooksolutions.com/download/test-bank-for-americangovernment-power-and-purpose-11th-edition-by-lowi-ginsberg-shepsleand-ansolabehere/ Link full download Solution Manual: https://getbooksolutions.com/download/solution-manual-for-americangovernment-power-and-purpose-11th-edition-by-lowi-ginsberg-shepsleand-ansolabehere/ CHAPTER Constructing a Government: The Founding and the Constitution CONCEPT MAP I The First Founding: Pre-Constitutional Government a British taxes and colonial interests i Sectors of society with stakes in colonial politics ii British taxation Stamp Act Sugar Act Boston Massacre Organized resistance as collective action First Continental Congress b Political strife and colonial radicalism i Boston Tea Party ii British reactions to the Tea Party c Declaration of Independence d Articles of Confederation i Weak organization ii Confederation—sovereignty in states II The Second Founding: Creating the Constitution a International standing b Annapolis Convention c Shays’s Rebellion d Constitutional Convention i Ideals vs interests Beard’s economic interpretation Philosophical concerns ii Great Compromise Virginia plan vs New Jersey plan Representation conflict iii Three-fifths Compromise Slavery in the Constitution Counting slaves for representation III The Constitution a Legislative branch i Bicameralism ii Powers of Congress iii.Expressed power iv Necessary and proper clause b Executive branch i Powers of the executive ii Enables decisive action c Judicial branch i Powers of the judicial branch ii Judicial review iii Life tenure d National unity and power i.Supremacy clause ii Interstate relations e.Constitutional limits on federal power i.Goals of the Constitution ii Separation of powers Checks and balances Mixed regime iii Federalism iv A bill of rights IV Ratification a Federalists and Antifederalists b Representation c Tyranny i.Of the majority ii Of an aristocracy d Scope of governmental power V Constitutional Amendment a Process of amendment b Twenty-seven amendments i.The Bill of Rights ii Purposes of the amendments MULTIPLE CHOICE a b c d In reaction to English legislative attempts in 1765 to extract tax revenue to pay for the troops that were being sent to defend the colonial frontier, protests erupted throughout the colonies against the infamous: Stamp Act Coinage Act Red Tape Act Westchester Act ANS: A NOT: Factual KEY: Stamp Act (I.a.ii.1) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 30 a b c d During the period leading to the Revolutionary War, England justified increased taxes because: the East India Company needed government support to deliver products to the colonies the British government accrued large debts in defense of the colonies they needed to supplement the low salaries in the House of Commons they needed to compensate for travel expenses of colonial representatives to parliament in England ANS: B NOT: Conceptual KEY: British taxation (I.a.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 33 a b c d Why did the British government impose taxes like the Stamp Act specifically on the American colonies instead of in England only? The British government had spent large sums of money on defending the colonies and sought to recapture that revenue from the colonists Increased taxes were politically unpopular in England, so the government chose to raise taxes on the colonists instead Influential interest groups supported the colonial taxes Money raised from the taxes was intended to be used to pacify revolutionary citizens in the colonies ANS: A NOT: Conceptual KEY: British taxation (I.a.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 33 a b c d After years of relatively little interference in the local affairs of its American colonies, the English government passed a tax on all printed and legal documents, including newspapers, pamphlets, playing cards, advertisements, notes and bonds, leases, deeds, and licenses Mass protests declaring “no taxation without representation” erupted throughout the colonies against the: Tea Act Stamp Act Royalist Tariff Colonial Tariff ANS: B NOT: Factual KEY: British taxation (I.a.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 30–31 a b c d To show their displeasure with the Stamp Act of 1765, colonists in Boston: stormed Bunker Hill and took over its fort organized demonstrations and a boycott of British goods dumped tea into the harbor in what became known as the Boston Tea Party killed twelve British soldiers in what became known as the Boston Massacre ANS: B NOT: Factual KEY: British taxation (I.a.ii) DIF: Difficult REF: Page 34 a b c d In the United States, no set of institutional procedures is more important than the: Constitution Bill of Rights Articles of Confederation Declaration of Independence ANS: a NOT: Factual KEY: Goals of the Constitution (III.e.ii.1) DIF: Easy REF: Page 32 In the mid-eighteenth century, the revenues that governments relied on came mostly from: a a flat tax b an income tax c tariffs and duties d voluntary citizen donations—usually from elite property owners ANS: C NOT: Factual KEY: British taxation (I.a.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 33 a b c d The Stamp Act of 1765 and the Sugar Act of 1764 most heavily affected the: small farmers artisans and laborers holders of royal land offices and patents New England merchants and southern planters ANS: D NOT: Factual KEY: Stamp Act and Sugar Act (I.a.ii.1 and I.a.ii.2) DIF: Difficult REF: Page 33 In the chain of events leading up to the American Revolution, the radical forces were permitted to expand their political influence because the colonial elites were split by: a disagreement over slavery b western boundary disputes c a lack of common currency d British tax and trade policies ANS: D NOT: Factual KEY: British taxation (I.a.ii) DIF: Difficult REF: Page 33 10 Among the sectors of society that were important in colonial politics prior to the American Revolution, the more radical forces were represented by: a the New England merchants b holders of lands, offices, and patents c the southern planters and ship builders d shopkeepers, laborers, and small farmers ANS: D NOT: Factual KEY: Sectors of society with stakes in colonial politics (I.a.i) DIF: Difficult REF: Page 28 11 Which of the following was NOT one of the sectors of society that was particularly influential in colonial politics? a New England merchants b Southern planters c the Daughters of the American Revolution d small farmers ANS: C NOT: Factual KEY: Sectors of society with stakes in colonial politics (I.a.i) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 32 12 On March 5, 1770, nervous British soldiers opened fire on the mob surrounding them, killing five colonists and wounding eight others News of this event quickly spread throughout the colonies and was used to fan anti-British sentiment by radicals who called the incident the: a Boston Massacre b Tuesday butchery c Boston Tea Party d Tragedy of the commons ANS: A NOT: Factual KEY: Boston Massacre (I.a.ii.3) DIF: Easy REF: Page 34 13 The British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre were defended by a pillar of Boston society and future president of the United States: a John Adams b James Madison c Thomas Jefferson d George Washington ANS: A NOT: Factual KEY: Boston Massacre (I.a.ii.3) DIF: Difficult REF: Page 34 14 Why did the colonists organize and participate in the Boston Tea Party of 1773? a as a response to the unjustness of the Stamp Act b as a response to military seizure of tea and other agricultural goods in Boston harbor c as a response to the British granting the East India Company a monopoly on the export of tea from Britain d as a response to the withdrawal of military protection from commercial ships sailing to the Americas ANS: C NOT: Conceptual KEY: Boston Tea Party (I.b.i) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 35 15 In 1773, the British government granted a monopoly on the export of tea from Britain to the politically powerful East India Company who sought to bypass the colonial merchants and sell the tea directly to the colonies The merchants called on their radical adversaries for support and the most dramatic result was the: a Boston Tea Party b attack on Fort Sill c Philadelphia slaughter d ceremonial burning of the “Union Jack” flag in the Philadelphia town square ANS: C NOT: Applied KEY: Boston Tea Party (I.b.i) DIF: Easy REF: Page 35 16 The Boston Tea Party was led by: a Patrick Henry b Thomas Payne c Samuel Adams d Alexander Hamilton ANS: C NOT: Factual KEY: Boston Tea Party (I.b.i) DIF: Difficult REF: Page 35 17 The ultimate goal of participants in the Boston Tea Party was to: a rescind the Tea Act b rescind the Stamp Act c close Boston harbor to British commerce d alienate the British government from its colonial supporters ANS: D NOT: Factual KEY: Boston Tea Party (I.b.i) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 35 18 By dumping the East India Company’s tea into Boston Harbor, Samuel Adams and his followers pressured the British into enacting a number of harsh reprisals that: a radicalized Americans to resist British rule b effectively ended the slave trade in the northern states c temporarily softened public support for revolutionary forces d benefited southern planters at the expense of New England merchants ANS: A NOT: Applied KEY: British Reactions to the Tea Party (I.b.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 35 19 The Boston Tea Party set into motion a cycle of provocation and retaliation that, in 1774, resulted in the convening of an assembly of delegates from all parts of the colonies called the: a First Colonial Convention b First Continental Congress c Boston Confederated Congress d Philadelphia Constitutional Convention ANS: B NOT: Factual KEY: First Continental Congress (I.a.ii.5) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 35 20 Dramatic events like the Boston Massacre provide an issue for individuals to organize around when putting together revolutionary activities This provides a way to overcome: a the collective action problem b the institutions principle c the history principle d the revolutionary organization conundrum ANS: A NOT: Applied KEY: Organized resistance as collective action (I.a.ii.4) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 34 21 The Declaration of Independence was written by: a James Madison b Thomas Jefferson c George Washington d Alexander Hamilton ANS: B NOT: Factual KEY: Declaration of Independence (I.c) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 36 22 The Declaration of Independence was remarkable for its assertion that there are certain unalienable rights including: a life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness b due process and equal protection under the law c justice, domestic tranquility, and general welfare d the freedom of religion, freedom of the press, and freedom of speech ANS: B NOT: Factual KEY: Declaration of Independence (I.c) DIF: Easy REF: Page 36 23 In November of 1777, the Continental Congress adopted the United States’ first written constitution It was known as the: a Virginia Plan b Annapolis Convention c Declaration of Independence d Articles of Confederation and perpetual union ANS: D NOT: Factual KEY: Articles of Confederation (I.d) DIF: Easy REF: Page 36 24 The result of the 1777 Continental Congress was a constitution concerned primarily with: a preventing domestic insurrection b limiting the powers of the central government c generating new tax revenues to help pay for armed resistance d regulating trade among the colonies as well as imports and exports ANS: B NOT: Factual KEY: Articles of Confederation (I.d) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 36 25 Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress was given the power to: a levy taxes b declare war c regulate commerce d build a standing army ANS: B NOT: Factual KEY: Weak Organization (I.d.i) DIF: Difficult REF: Page 37 26 Besides the United States under the Articles of Confederation, another example of a confederate system of government where the sub-units of government retain sovereignty but create a higher level of government to serve specific purposes is: a the United States under the original Constitution of 1787 b the United States today under the Constitution of 1787 as amended c the United Nations and its member states d the United Kingdom ANS: C NOT: Applied KEY: Confederation—sovereignty in states (I.d.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 37 27 During the winter of 1786–1787, John Adams of Massachusetts was sent to negotiate a new treaty with the British to cover disputes left over from the war The British government responded that it would: a set a blockade around Boston harbor b relinquish control over the lands to the west c negotiate with each of the thirteen states separately d require war reparations before signing any new treaty ANS: C NOT: Factual KEY: Confederation—sovereignty in states (I.d.ii) DIF: Difficult REF: Pages 37–38 28 Early states had broad latitude to pursue their own policies and the national government, under the Articles of Confederation, had little recourse if they disliked those policies For example, the Rhode Island legislature, dominated by representatives of small farmers, artisans, and shopkeepers, frightened businessmen and property owners throughout the country by instituting: a free trade policies b economic policies including drastic currency inflation c generous agricultural subsidies and severely protective tariffs d eminent domain activities for an extensive statewide park system ANS: B NOT: Factual KEY: Confederation—sovereignty in states (I.d.ii) DIF: Difficult REF: Page 38 29 The one positive result of the Annapolis Convention was a resolution calling for: a a declaration of independence from England b a boycott of tea, linens, and other goods from England c ratification of the new Constitution of the United States d a later meeting in Philadelphia to reform the Articles of Confederation ANS: D NOT: Factual KEY: International standing (II.a) DIF: Easy REF: Page 38 30 It is possible that the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia would never have taken place at all if not for a single event that occurred soon after the Annapolis Convention This event was: a Shays’s Rebellion b the Boston Massacre c the Boston Tea Party d the hanging in effigy of the tax man ANS: A NOT: Factual KEY: Shays’ Rebellion (II.c) DIF: Easy REF: Page 39 31 Daniel Shays, a former army captain, led a mob in a rebellion against the Massachusetts government in order to: a open up western territories for expansion b prevent foreclosures on debt-ridden farm lands c release certain British loyalists from captivity as prisoners of war d receive full military pensions for service in the Revolutionary War ANS: B NOT: Factual KEY: Shays’s Rebellion (II.c) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 39 32 Why did Shays’s Rebellion enable collective action among those who wanted to revise the Articles of Confederation? a Shays was a charismatic political entrepreneur who was able to bring together several key opponents of the Articles b The rebellion provided politicians who were already convinced of the inadequacy of the Articles with the ammunition they needed to convince a broader public of the inadequacy of the Articles c The rebellion showed that the federal government was already strong enough to quell an uprising, which demonstrated that taking further steps toward a stronger central government were attainable goals d Shays introduced key figures in western Massachusetts to the concept of civil disobedience, which in turn caught on with opponents of the Articles across the country ANS: B NOT: Conceptual KEY: Shays’s Rebellion (II.c) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 39 33 Delegates were sent to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia by every state EXCEPT: a Vermont b Delaware c Rhode Island d Massachusetts ANS: C NOT: Factual KEY: Constitutional Convention (II.d) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 39 34 According to historian Charles Beard, the framers of the Constitution were motivated primarily by: a revenge 47 The state legislature of Georgia, known as the Georgia General Assembly, with its upper chamber (the Georgia Senate) and lower chamber (the Georgia House of Representatives) is an institution that exemplifies the principle of: a bicameralism b bilateralism c binary legislativism d bifurcated representation ANS: A NOT: Applied KEY: Bicameralism (III.a.i) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 43 48 The framers of the American Constitution sought to prevent the perceived threat of “excessive democracy” by supporting bicameralism, that is the: a existence of two sovereign levels of government b division of legislative assembly into two chambers c allocation of two senators per each state regardless of population d election of members of the House of Representatives every two years ANS: B NOT: Factual KEY: Bicameralism (III.a.i) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 43 49 Article I of the U.S Constitution provides for the: a judicial branch b executive branch c legislative branch d role of state governments ANS: C NOT: Factual KEY: Legislative branch (III.a) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 46 50 The Constitution grants the power to ratify treaties to the: a Senate b president c Supreme Court d House of Representatives ANS: A NOT: Factual KEY: Powers of Congress (III.a.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 46 51 Under the unamended Constitution of 1787, U.S senators were selected by: a direct elections b state legislatures c the electoral college d the state delegation to the House of Representatives ANS: B NOT: Factual KEY: Legislative branch (III.a) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 46 52 The terms of appointments for senators are staggered so that one third of the senators expire every: a two years b four years c six years d eight years ANS: A NOT: Factual KEY: Legislative branch (III.a) DIF: Easy REF: Pages 46–47 53 Under the American Constitution, the sole power to originate revenue bills is vested in the: a Senate b vice president c state legislatures d House of Representatives ANS: D NOT: Factual KEY: Powers of Congress (III.a.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 46 54 Under the American Constitution, the part of elected government designed to be directly responsible to the people was the: a Senate b judiciary c bureaucracy d House of Representatives ANS: D NOT: Factual KEY: Legislative Branch (III.a) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 46 55 The idea that the federal government can exercise only the powers specifically articulated in the Constitution is known as the doctrine of: a implied powers b expressed powers c separation of powers d necessary and proper powers ANS: B NOT: Factual KEY: Expressed power (III.a.iii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 47 56 The framers intended an active and powerful government, so they included language to signify that the enumerated powers were meant to be a source of strength to the national government, not a limitation on it This “elastic clause” is most commonly known as the: a national supremacy clause b separation of powers clause c necessary and proper clause d privileges and immunities clause ANS: C NOT: Factual KEY: Necessary and proper clause (III.a.iv) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 47 57 The framers of the Constitution sought to insulate the president from excessively democratic pressures through: a a lifetime appointment b direct oversight by independent departments c an indirect election through the electoral college d a limitation of only two consecutive terms in office ANS: C NOT: Factual KEY: Executive branch (III.b) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 48 58 Which branch of government was designed to make the federal government capable of timely and decisive action to deal with public issues and problems? a executive b legislative c judicial d state governments ANS: A NOT: Factual KEY: Executive Branch—enables decisive action (III.b.ii) DIF: Easy REF: Page 48 59 When George Bush reduced “Scooter” Libby’s jail sentence that had been imposed when Libby revealed the name of an undercover CIA operative, he exemplified the power of the president to: a recognize foreign countries b exert informal influence with the judiciary c grant reprieves and pardons d issue executive orders ANS: C NOT: Applied KEY: Powers of the executive (III.b.i) DIF: Easy REF: Page 48 60 Which of the following is NOT a power that the president can exercise unilaterally (without the approval of Congress)? a the power to grant reprieves and pardons b the power to accept ambassadors c the power to veto legislation d the power to declare war ANS: D NOT: Factual KEY: Powers of the executive (III.b.i) DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 47–48 61 Which branch of government has the power to create inferior (lower) courts, change the jurisdiction of federal courts, add or subtract federal judges, and even change the size of the Supreme Court? a judiciary b Congress c executive d bureaucracy ANS: B NOT: Factual KEY: Powers of Congress (III.a.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 48 62 The power of the courts to render the final decision in cases involving a conflict of interpretation of the Constitution or of laws between the courts and Congress, the courts and the executive branch, or the courts and the states is referred to as: a judicial review b ceteris paribus c juridic oversight d contra bonos mores ANS: A NOT: Factual KEY: Judicial review (III.c.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 49 63 When the Supreme Court struck down a Maryland state law that would have taxed the federal government, it justified its decision by asserting: a the Seventeenth Amendment b the power of judicial review c the power of ultimate interpretation d the principle of judicial supremacy ANS: B NOT: Applied KEY: Judicial review (III.c.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 49 64 In order to protect federal judges from political influence from citizens and other branches, the framers: a ordered that federal judges be selected in democratic elections b prohibited the selection of federal judges that share the sitting president’s party identification c granted federal judges lifetime appointments to their offices d prohibited Congress from impeaching federal judges ANS: C NOT: Factual KEY: Life tenure (III.c.iii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 49 65 Article VI of the Constitution states that all laws passed by the national government and all treaties are superior to laws adopted by any state This has come to be known as the: a supremacy clause b judicial review clause c full faith and credit clause d necessary and proper clause ANS: A NOT: Factual KEY: Supremacy clause (III.d.i) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 49 66 No principle was more widely shared among the framers of the American Constitution than the principle espoused by Baron de Montesquieu that: a the citizen must serve the state b power must be used to balance power c the accused are innocent until proven guilty d national powers must be delegated to the states ANS: B NOT: Factual KEY: Separation of powers (III.e.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 50 67 The presidential veto power over legislation, the power of the Senate to approve presidential appointments, and judicial review over acts of Congress and presidential actions are example of the principle in the American political system of: a federalism b checks and balances c separation of powers d separated institutions sharing powers ANS: B NOT: Applied KEY: Checks and balances (III.e.ii.1) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 50 68 The framers of the Constitution crafted a system where each branch of government had a distinctly different constituency Montesquieu and others called it a: a b c d democracy mixed regime separated system confederation ANS: B NOT: Applied KEY: Mixed regime (III.e.i.2) DIF: Difficult REF: Page 51 69 Compared to the confederation principle of the Articles of Confederation, federalism was a step toward: a greater centralization of power b eliminating the power of state governments c increasing sovereignty of state governments d weakening the power of the national government ANS: A NOT: Factual KEY: Federalism (III.e.iii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 51 70 In the system devised by the framers of the Constitution, sovereignty was vested in: a the federal government only b state governments only c both the federal and state governments d local governments ANS: C NOT: Factual KEY: Federalism (III.e.iii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 51 71 During the Constitutional Convention, the motion to include a bill of rights was: a overwhelmingly rejected b approved almost unanimously c incorporated as part of the full faith and credit clause after lengthy debate d included in the section enumerating the powers of the national government with little floor debate ANS: A NOT: Factual KEY: A bill of rights (III.e.iv) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 52 72 Why might the delegates to the Constitutional Convention reject a motion to include a bill of rights in the Constitution? a The delegates thought rights should be guaranteed to the states, not to individual citizens b The delegates thought that the federal government was already limited to its expressed powers so a bill of rights was unnecessary c The rights of citizens were a secondary concern to the delegates’ personal self-interest d A bill of rights would have required granting equal rights to women, which the delegates found to be politically unsavory ANS: B NOT: Conceptual KEY: A bill of rights (III.e.iii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 52 73 The best-known arguments supporting ratification of the Constitution were the eighty-five essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the name of “Publius.” These essays are collectively known today as: a Common Sense b A Modest Proposal c The Federalist Papers d The Democracy Dialogues ANS: C NOT: Factual KEY: Federalists and Antifederalists (IV.a) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 54 74 Which of the following statements describes the attitudes of Federalists and Antifederalists toward representation as it would likely be observed under the proposed constitution? a Neither the Federalists nor the Antifederalists cared a great deal about representative democracy b Antifederalists thought that representation was critical and could best be achieved in small republics while Federalists thought representatives did not need to perfectly represent the views of their constituents c Federalists thought that representation was critical and could best be achieved in small republics while Antifederalists thought representatives did not need to perfectly represent the views of their constituents d Both the Federalists and Antifederalists thought that representation in the form of catering to public preferences was vitally important ANS: B NOT: Applied KEY: Ratification—Representation (IV.b) DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 54–55 75 Unjust rule by the group in power is called: a tyranny b supremacy c domination d enforcement ANS: A NOT: Factual KEY: Tyranny (IV.c) DIF: Easy REF: Page 55 76 The Federalists understood that temporary majorities could abuse their power in a democracy, but Madison argued that such an outcome is less likely if the nation is: a large with diverse interests b small with diverse interests c large with common interests d small with common interests ANS: A NOT: Factual KEY: Tyranny of the majority (IV.c.i) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 56 77 The Antifederalists perceived the danger of tyranny to be posed most severely by: a small numbers of individuals in positions of authority b majorities that wished to impose their will on minorities c the House of Representatives d direct democracy provisions like the initiative or referendum ANS: C NOT: Factual KEY: Tyranny of an aristocracy (IV.c.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 56 78 The First Amendment to the Constitution was specifically concerned with limits on the: a courts b Congress c president d state governments ANS: B NOT: Factual KEY: Purposes of the amendments (V.b.ii) DIF: Difficult REF: Page 55 79 Except for one, all of the amendments that have been added to the Constitution have passed in: a the House and Senate by two-thirds vote; then were ratified by a majority vote of the legislatures of three-fourths of the states b the House and Senate by two-thirds vote; then were ratified by conventions called for the purpose in three-fourths of the states c a national convention called by Congress in response to petitions by two-thirds of the states and ratified by a majority vote of the legislatures of three-fourths of the states d a national convention called by Congress in a response to petitions by two-thirds of the states and ratified by conventions called for the purpose in three-fourths of the states ANS: A NOT: Factual KEY: Process of amendment (V.a) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 59 80 In order for Congress to send a small amendment to the Constitution to state legislatures or ratifying conventions for approval, it must: a pass in either the House or Senate with a simple majority b pass in both the House and Senate with a simple majority c pass in either the House or Senate with a two-thirds majority d pass in both the House and Senate with a two-thirds majority ANS: D NOT: Factual KEY: Process of amendment (V.a) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 58 81 The purpose of the ten amendments in the Bill of Rights was basically to give each of the three branches of government: a increased flexibility b broader and more explicit powers c clearer and more restricted boundaries d fewer opportunities to come into conflict with each other ANS: C NOT: Factual KEY: The Bill of Rights (V.b.i) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 59 82 Which amendment or set of amendments contained in the Bill of Rights specifically places limits on the powers of Congress? a First b Ninth and Tenth c Second, Third, and Fourth d Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth ANS: A NOT: Factual KEY: Purposes of the amendments (V.b.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 59 83 Which set of amendments provides important safeguards against the arbitrary exercise of governmental power, especially within the judicial branch? a First b Ninth and Tenth c Second, Third, and Fourth d Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth ANS: D NOT: Factual KEY: Purposes of the amendments (V.b.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 59 84 The Eighteenth Amendment, having the dubious distinction of being the only Constitutional amendment designed to deal directly with some substantive social problem and the only amendment to have been repealed, addressed the issue of: a slavery b the income tax c presidential disability d prohibition of alcohol ANS: D NOT: Factual KEY: Purposes of the amendments (V.b.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 62 TRUE/FALSE During the lead up to the American Revolution, the New England merchants who cried “no taxation without representation” cared more about expanded representation than about lower taxes ANS: F KEY: British taxation (I.a.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 32 During the 1750s, the British crown’s North American colonies on the whole paid remarkably little in taxes to the mother country ANS: T KEY: British taxation (I.a.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 33 The income tax represented the single most important source of government revenue for the British regime prior to the American Revolution ANS: F KEY: British taxation (I.a.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 33 In the United States, no set of institutional procedures is more important than the Declaration of Independence ANS: F KEY: The Constitution (III) DIF: Easy REF: Page 32 Dramatic events helped colonial revolutionaries overcome the collective action problem ANS: T KEY: Organized resistance as collective action (I.a.ii.4) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 34 Most respectable Bostonians supported the actions of the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre ANS: T KEY: Boston Massacre (I.a.ii.3) DIF: Difficult REF: Page 34 Collective action may emerge spontaneously ANS: T KEY: Organized resistance as collective action (I.a.ii.4) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 35 The First Continental Congress called for a total boycott of British goods ANS: T KEY: First Continental Congress (I.a.ii.5) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 36 Under the Articles of Confederation, the central government was based entirely in Congress ANS: T KEY: Articles of Confederation (I.d) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 36 10 Under the Articles of Confederation, each state was represented in the Continental Congress in proportion to its population ANS: F KEY: Articles of Confederation (I.d) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 37 11 Under the Articles of Confederation, the presiding officer of the executive branch was appointed through a nomination and voting process of the assembled delegates in the electoral college ANS: F KEY: Articles of Confederation (I.d) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 37 12 Under the Articles of Confederation, the nation’s armed forces were composed of the state militias ANS: T KEY: Confederation—sovereignty in states (I.d.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 37 13 Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress was given power to declare war and make peace ANS: T KEY: Articles of Confederation (I.d) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 37 14 The principal advantage of the Articles of Confederation was that the central government could prevent one state from discriminating against other states in the quest for foreign commerce ANS: F KEY: Confederation—sovereignty in states (I.d.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 37 15 Delegates from all thirteen colonies attended the Annapolis Convention ANS: F KEY: Annapolis Convention (II.b) DIF: Easy REF: Page 38 16 Shays’s Rebellion was forcefully ended by the quick and decisive actions taken by Congress under the Confederation ANS: F KEY: Shays’s Rebellion (II.c) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 39 17 The American colonists who led the revolution against England and worked to construct a workable constitution were not very concerned about philosophical and ethical ideas ANS: F KEY: Ideals vs interests (II.d.i) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 40 18 The Constitutional Convention passed the New Jersey Plan with little compromise ANS: F KEY: Virginia Plan vs New Jersey Plan (II.d.ii.1) DIF: Easy REF: Page 41 19 Gouverneur Morris, delegate from Pennsylvania, manipulated the procedures at the convention in order to achieve final adoption of the Virginia Plan with negligible amendment ANS: F KEY: Virginia Plan vs New Jersey Plan (II.d.ii.1) DIF: Easy REF: Page 41 20 The Three-fifths Compromise established the principle, new in republican theory, that a man who lives among slaves had a greater share in the election of representatives that the man who did not ANS: T KEY: Three-fifths Compromise (II.d.iii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 42 21 Even southerners like Edmund Randolph of Virginia, who conceded that slavery was immoral, insisted on including slaves in the allocation of congressional seats ANS: T KEY: Counting slaves for representation (II.d.iii.2) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 43 22 Under the Constitution as originally passed, the members of the Senate were to be appointed by the state legislatures ANS: T KEY: Legislative branch (III.a) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 46 23 Staggered terms of service in the Senate were intended to make that body even more politically responsive to popular opinion ANS: F KEY: Legislative branch (III.a) DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 46–47 24 The Constitution implies that any powers not listed are not granted at all ANS: T KEY: Expressed power (III.a.iii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 47 25 In the absence of an amendment, any power not specifically enumerated in the Constitution is conceived to be reserved to the national government ANS: F KEY: Expressed power (III.a.iii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 47 26 The Constitution grants the president the unconditional power to accept ambassadors from other countries ANS: T KEY: Powers of the executive (III.b.i) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 47 27 The Constitution grants the Supreme Court the unconditional right to grant reprieves and pardons ANS: F KEY: Powers of the executive (III.b.i) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 47 28 Federal judges are given lifetime appointments ANS: T KEY: Life tenure (III.c.iii) DIF: Easy REF: Page 48 29 The Constitution makes no direct mention of judicial review ANS: T KEY: Judicial review (III.c.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 49 30 In Section of Article III, the U.S Constitution discusses the important principle of judicial review ANS: F KEY: Judicial review (III.c.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 49 31 Each branch of the government of the United States is responsible to a different constituency ANS: T KEY: Mixed regime (III.e.ii.2) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 51 32 There were no “checks and balances” in the Constitution until the passage of the Bill of Rights ANS: F KEY: A bill of rights (III.e.iv) DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 50–51 33 The Constitution does not explicitly mention the principle of the separation of powers ANS: T KEY: Separation of powers (III.e.ii) DIF: Moderate REF: Page 50 34 Throughout the Constitution, the principle of “majority rules” prevails ANS: F KEY: Tyranny—of the majority (IV.c.i) DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 55–56 35 The most recent amendment added to the American Constitution is the balanced budget amendment ANS: F KEY: Twenty-seven Amendments (V.b) DIF: Difficult REF: Page 62 ESSAY How were the British colonies in America governed prior to the events that led up to the American Revolution? Explain the unique historical circumstances that allowed this particular style of governance to develop What events changed the relationship of England to its colonies? Were the British wrong to expect the American colonies to begin paying more in taxes during the years leading up to the American Revolution? Why or why not? List and describe the various sectors of colonial society and explain the role of each during the events leading up to the American Revolution and writing of the Constitution Why did the framers feel a need to replace the Articles of Confederation? Were the founders motivated primarily by economic interests or moral principles? Why did the framers believe that a new constitution was necessary? In what ways did the new constitution represent an improvement over the Articles of Confederation? Why did the framers fear excessive democracy? Through what means were the framers able to limit its influence on the structure of government? How did the Founders ultimately balance the need for an effective national government with the need to protect the rights of states and individuals? 10 What major philosophical ideas of government are incorporated into the American Constitution? 11 What compromises were made during the Constitutional Convention and why? 12 What strategies are built into the Constitution to prevent the abuse of power? 13 During the fight for ratification, what major criticisms did the Antifederalists deliver against the proposed Constitution and how did the Federalists respond? 14 Explain the process for amending the Constitution and use specific examples to discuss the types of amendments that have actually been ratified 15 In what ways we see the rationality principle manifest in the creation of the Constitution? ... politics prior to the American Revolution, the more radical forces were represented by: a the New England merchants b holders of lands, offices, and patents c the southern planters and ship builders... counting slaves for purposes of representation was ultimately resolved by: a counting slaves just as nonslaves for purposes of representation b counting every five slaves as three people for purposes... The Stamp Act of 1765 and the Sugar Act of 1764 most heavily affected the: small farmers artisans and laborers holders of royal land offices and patents New England merchants and southern planters