Test bank for community and public health nursing 6th edition by nies

The president’s ongoing encouragement for one DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand Comprehension REF: pp.. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand Comprehension REF: p.. Which of the following bes

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organizing relief efforts during the U.S Civil War Lillian Wald was the driving force behind the federal government’s development of the Children’s Bureau in 1912

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p 166

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p 166

3 Which of the following best describes the most important factor in

legislation?

a The amount of financing and lobbying behind each

choice

b The beliefs, attitudes, and values of the policy

c The preferences of the majority of American voters

d The president’s ongoing encouragement for one

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: pp 166-167

4 Which of the following is accomplished through the use of public policy?

a Solutions to problems of public concern are

developed

b A rational, logical problem-solving decision-making

The field of public policy involves the study of specific policy problems and

governmental responses to them Political scientists involved in the study of public policy attempt to devise solutions for problems of public concern The use of public policy may not involve the implementation of a logical problem-solving decision-making process Public policy addresses more than safety nets for vulnerable

populations Additional principles besides economics and business management are applied through the use of public policy

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p 167

5 Which of the following best describes why it is so difficult to change the

paradigm of health care from disease orientation to promoting health

orientation?

a The belief exists that those without insurance could

obtain insurance if they worked hard enough

b People find it difficult to agree on what the ideal

paradigm should be

c People realize the media have exaggerated the

problems that result from lack of insurance

d Serious reallocation of resources would have to occur

Individual opinions and the use of media do not play as great of role as where

resources are spent

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p 168

6 Which of the following best describes how the government controls

conditions that individuals cannot?

a Appeals to the common sense and good nature of the

citizens

b Establishes social mores that enable groups to control

individuals’ behaviors

c Passes and enforces law

d Uses fear reinforced by police power

ANS: C

Government regulates conditions that individuals cannot control and provides

individual protection through a population-wide focus These tasks are

accomplished through passage and enforcement of laws These laws control

individuals’ behaviors, which may lead to the establishment of social mores and common sense related to the laws that have been established

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p 169

7 Which of the following statements best describes why the federal government

is unable to do whatever politicians currently in power want?

a The citizens would rise up in rebellion if actions were

outrageous

b The lack of funds to implement actions are seen as

unreasonable by a majority of voters

c Only the actions authorized by the Constitution are

legitimate

d The states would rebel and withdraw from the union

government

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p 170

8 Which of the following is the basis for any American citizen to feel

comfortable expressing an opinion on a political issue?

a Amendments to the Constitution

b Articles of the Constitution of the United States

c Declaration of Independence

d Gettysburg Address

ANS: A

Amendments to the Constitution, later known as the Bill of Rights, were added after the original Articles of the Constitution were ratified These amendments protect individuals’ rights and freedoms The Declaration of Independence announced the freedom of America from the British Empire The Gettysburg Address was a speech given by President Abraham Lincoln following the Civil War

b Through the people themselves who band together to

create the community

c Power delegated from the federal level to the local

creation of a community do not provide the local government with authority

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p 170

11 Which of the following statements best describes how policies in the private sector are different from policies in the public sector?

a Private sector policies are slow, deliberate, and

reactive to events

b Private sector policies are determined by the opinions

and feelings of those employed in that sector

c Private sector policies are based on economics and

Private policy is largely influenced by theories of economics and business

management, including consumerism and market trends Such policies can react quickly and are often proactive In comparison, public policies are slow and reactive, and economics is just one of many factors involved Public policies are determined

by voting shifts, electoral realignment, and term limits

a The bill is dead

b The bill returns to both houses to see if enough votes

can be obtained to pass the bill even without the

president signing the bill

c The bill becomes law

d The bill sits there until the president signs it or vetoes

describes the most likely outcome?

a The bill will be debated through a public hearing

b The bill will fail

c The bill will pass

d The bill will remain in the legislature until one side or

the other has a majority of votes

a Many such hospitals have consolidated or closed

b Not needing to expand, hospitals have used the funds

to upgrade their facilities

c They have continued to use such funds to expand

d When funding ceased, so did hospital expansion

ANS: A

The Hill-Burton Act authorized federal assistance in construction of hospitals,

making hospitals more accessible However, with the high cost of health care and the decreasing lengths of stay and increasing use of primary care, many hospitals are closing Because hospitals have closed, they are not further expanding or

upgrading facilities

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p 174

15 An individual has been terminated from his job and has lost his health

insurance Which of the following federal laws allows him to continue his insurance benefits for a specified period of time?

a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of

1996 (HIPAA)

b Family Support Act of 1988

c Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973 (HMO)

d Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of

COBRA is even more important Employers who terminate an employee must

continue benefits for the employee and dependents for a specified period of time if the employee had health benefits before the termination HIPPA offers protections for patient privacy and confidentiality The Family Support Act expanded coverage

for poor women and children and required states to extend Medicaid coverage for

12 months to families who have increased earnings but are no longer receiving cash assistance The HMO Act provides grants for HMO development

a Individuals who were required to obtain employment

lost their health coverage

b Many were happy to be off the government dole and

self-supporting

c Persons sought and obtained employment that often

included insurance benefits

d The food stamp program decreased in size

b The law received extensive support by both

Republicans and Democrats

c The law was extended, not renewed by the Bush

administration, and then renewed by the Obama

administration

d The law was passed by the majority of states but not

by the federal government

a Additional restrictions in coverage were imposed

b Experimental treatments were approved for

reimbursement

c Reimbursement procedures became more efficient

d A prescription drug benefit was added

a Set up a flu shot clinic at a neighborhood church

b Lobby for health care reform to cover more

preventive services

c Monitor the incidence of influenza in the state

d Serve as a volunteer for a state legislator’s campaign

ANS: C

One of the state health care functions is assessment of health needs based on

statewide data collection This could be done by monitoring the incidence of

influenza in the state Setting up a flu shot clinic would most likely be done at the local level, while lobbying for health care reform would most likely be done at the federal level Serving as a volunteer for a campaign may be something a nurse would

do, but would not be specifically related to employment by the state public health department

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p 176

20 It has been proposed that a new, better approach to health care be tested with

a small group to evaluate its effectiveness Which of the following best

describes why this cannot be done?

a Any employment in the project would be only

temporary, so it would be difficult to find

professionals to staff the program

b It is challenging to find appropriate sites located in the

target area from which to offer the pilot project

service

c No one wants to accept free services if they include

being a guinea pig in a research project

d Offering a service establishes a precedent and a sense

of entitlement, so it is difficult to discontinue the

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p 177

21 Which of the following best describes the most crucial step in policy

formation?

a Convincing both political parties and independents to

support the proposed policy

b Defining the issue and placing it on the agenda for

possible action

c Determining who has vested interest in what aspects

of the policy

d Trying to simplify the proposed legislation so the

public will support it

a Meeting outside the clinical area allows for more

effective informal learning based on discussion and

interaction

b Role models are typically the major influence on

nurses choosing to become politically active

c Students are often given extra credit from their

instructor for such community involvement

d Such groups want students to attend their meetings to

encourage them to join and to accept a committee

to learning more about political advocacy and something that is difficult to

demonstrate in a classroom environment

a Nurses are not listened to by politicians

b Nurses are not perceived as leaders in the health care

field

c Nurses do not act or do not agree on what changes are

needed

d Nurses do not know how to negotiate, communicate,

and collaborate to create change

a Although there was disagreement, both groups agreed

to behave politely and professionally

b Both associations had formed a coalition to

collaborate on a bill that would benefit patients

c Because the legislators had asked both groups to

appear, the groups did not have a choice

d The two groups were sharing costs and expenses, but

their testimony would give opposing viewpoints

b Convince colleagues in nursing to join their local

nursing organization and write to encourage

legislators to vote according to nurses’ goals

c Offer to make large donations to the legislator who

can forward nursing’s agenda

d Visit every single legislator so the nurse is recognized

in this role

ANS: A

An individual who establishes a reputation as a reliable and accurate resource as a lobbyist has substantial influence Certainly, it is also useful to convince colleagues

to join nursing organizations and write legislators or contribute to campaigns of legislators supportive of nursing goals Legislators rely on lobbyists to educate them

on issues The official must trust the lobbyists to give accurate (though predictably biased) information, which is timely and up to date

a Be prepared to contribute to campaigns of legislators

who vote consistently with nursing goals

b Be prepared to confront verbally those on the

opposite side of legislative issues

c Be prepared to provide testimony and comment on

relevant issues

d Be prepared to visit schools of nursing to present

about the current legislative issues

ANS: C

Although a nurse might do any of the above, the most effective is to provide

testimony and comment on issues of importance to nursing Contributing is

dependent on the financial resources of the nurse Legislators often appreciate volunteer hours spent on campaign tasks as much as sums of money Giving

presentations to schools may be useful, but it may be assumed that most nursing faculty can discuss legislative health issues Verbal confrontations are not always useful

b Communicating, with rationales, her stand on

proposed legislation to legislators

c Remaining uninvolved so incorrect information is not

28 A nurse states that he or she does not want to become involved in politics because of family, school, work, and other commitments Which of the

following would be the best reply to this statement?

a “Good for you We should all stay out of such dirty

game playing!”

b “I am sorry to hear that but I do understand.”

c “It doesn’t matter; politics have nothing to do with

nursing practice.”

d “It won’t take much time to join ANA and pay dues so

their lobbyist can represent you.”

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p 180

29 Which of the following statements best describes why nurses should

contribute whenever possible to their state nursing association political action committee (PAC)?

a As PACs are a reality of political life, nursing needs to

initiatives which will change as nursing practice changes These contributions will most likely not have any relationship to a future political appointment Legislative votes are influenced by a variety of factors and are not limited only to money

that are a result of low nurse staffing

b The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

is monitoring the incidence of medical errors caused

by nurse understaffing

c The Registered Nurse Safe Staffing Act was passed by

Congress in 2013

d Legislation has been suggested that staffing systems

require the input of direct care registered nurses

ANS: D

The Registered Nurse Safe Staffing Act of 2013 was introduced in Congress to

address concerns of inadequate and inappropriate staffing, which threatens

patients’ safety and the nurses’ health The act would encourage development of staffing systems that require the input of direct care registered nurses, as well as protection for RNs who speak out about patient care issues This suggested

legislation has not been acted on The CDC is not involved in monitoring medical errors caused by nurse understaffing Hospitals are not required to report errors that occur due to nurse understaffing