Fathers and sons in virgils aeneid tum genitor natum

title: author: publisher: isbn10 | asin: print isbn13: ebook isbn13: language: subject publication date: lcc: ddc: subject: Fathers and Sons in Virgil's Aeneid : Tum Genitor Natum Lee, M Owen State University of New York Press 0873954513 9780873954518 9780585067995 English Virgil. Aeneis, Aeneas (Legendary character) in literature, Epic poetry, Latin History and criticism, Fathers and sons in literature, Rome in literature 1979 PA6825.L37eb 873/.01 Virgil. Aeneis, Aeneas (Legendary character) in literature, Epic poetry, Latin History and criticism, Fathers and sons in literature, Rome in literature Page iii Fathers And Sons In Virgil's Aeneid: Tum Genitor Natum M Owen Lee State University of New York Press ALBANY Page iv Published by State University of New York Press, Albany ©1979 State University of New York All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews For information, address State University of New York Press, State University Plaza, Albany, N.Y., 12246 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Lee, M Owen, 1930Fathers and sons in Virgil's Aeneid: Tum genitor natum Includes bibliographical references and index Vergilius Maro, Publius Aeneis Fathers and sons in literature I Title PA6825.L37 873'.01 79-15157 ISBN 0-87395-402-5 10 Page v PATRIBUS BASILIANIS Page vii Contents Preface ix I Introduction: The Death of Pallas II Some Preliminary Considerations Augustus in the Aeneid The Proscriptions 14 Pietas 17 The Divine Machinery 23 III The Poem 30 Arma virumque 30 Conticuere omnes 36 Postquam res Asiae 46 At regina gravi 50 Interea medium Aeneas 55 Sic fatur lacrimans 59 Tu quoque litoribus 68 Ut belli signum 72 Atque ea diversa 77 Panditur interea domus 81 Oceanum interea surgens 93 Turnus ut infractos 96 IV Some Further Considerations 105 V Homer's Poems 119 VI The Failure of Aeneas 140 VII The Failure of Virgil 157 VIII The Undoing of Virgil's Failure 168 Notes 177 Indexes 195 Page ix Preface Virgil is a writer the Latinist reads early, lives his life with, and often comes late to love Through the years I have read him for myself far more than I have read him with or written on him for others These are in fact the first pages I have ever published on the Aeneid, and the tone throughout them is personal In the first sentence I speak in the first person This is unusual and perhaps will be thought unacceptable in a book presented by a university press But I have not written a work of scholarship I have used footnotes mainly to support and in some cases to qualify statements which are likely to strike the wissenschaftlich Virgilian as strange if not altogether inappropriate I have touched on subjects which may appear peripheral to my argument until the final chapters are reached And I have, throughout, been subjective in my response to a poet we have been taught of late to read for his subjective responses A recent introduction to the Aeneid makes a distinction between what a commentator may say and what an individual can find and respond to I want to cross that line So I have spoken as an individual A good portion of my text is devoted to a book-by-book narrative summary of Virgil's poem Something similar has already been done in at least three other volumes written in English on the Aeneid in the last few years I can only say that, like the authors of those volumes, I found this the only Page x convenient way of saying what needed to be said My plot summary is long, because there are many points to be made in their proper places in the narrative and discussed later It is also to some extent condensed, as there are numerous events in the plot of the Aeneid not necessary to my purposes I make my way through the long story with a single point of view, and that at least distinguishes my summary from those others have written In reaching my conclusions I have had recourse to some of the insights and terminology of C.G Jung This requires less apology now, I think, than it might have a generation back, when Jackson Knight, in the additions made to his Cumaean Gates, predicted that Virgilian studies would take this turn I am aware that some aspects of Jung are open to question At the same time, the importance of his insights for understanding works of art, and in particular those works which deal with mythical subjects in intuitive ways, is becoming increasingly clear My observations hardly exhaust what Jung can say about the Aeneid, and I hope that some Virgilian better qualified than I to deal with the subject will eventually develop the ideas only suggested here In commenting on Virgil and on the long Virgilian tradition I have also spoken, sometimes at length, about other poets and about philosophers, artists, composers, and film-makers The remarks I make about these para-Virgilians may not be helpful to every reader, but the principle at work is, I think, sound enough Who knows Virgil who only Virgil knows? I owe a debt of thanks, for stimulating conversations had, to Emmet Robbins in Vienna and again in Toronto, to Michael Masi in Rome, to Robert Barringer in Oxford, and especially to Ross Woodman in London I must hasten to add that none of them is to be held responsible for the conclusions reached in this book, and I suspect that all of them would to some degree Page xi disagree with what I say here But in one way or another they have set me on the path I have pursued I should also like to thank the University of Toronto for granting me sabbatical time in which to write, and Michael O'Brien of the Department of Classics there for his special efforts on my behalf, and William Eastman of the State University of New York Press for his encouragement and efficiency Thanks too to Audrey McDonagh and Maria Pezzot for their cheerful secretarial assistance Abbreviations follow the standard usage of the American Philological Association Quotations from the Aeneid are, with minor exceptions of punctuation and the use of "v" for consonantal "u," from the Oxford text of R.A.B Mynors All translations are my own Page I Introduction: The Death of Pallas I don't suppose Book 10 is anyone's favorite part of the Aeneid I think it is almost mine There is a passage that begins at line 439 which seems to me symbolically to represent within its small compass the design of the entire poem We are on the battlefield, and in the thick of the fighting The Italian hero Turnus spies among the enemy the young Pallas, who only that day had come to fight for the Trojans, and who has shown himself the equal of his elders, with a warrior's taste for blood Turnus calls his own men off "Pallas is mine alone!" As his men withdraw he says so that the boy can hear, "I wish his father were here to see what is going to happen." The boy is astonished, but not daunted, when he sees the giant Turnus, and he shouts back at him, "Whether I kill or be killed, my father can take it!" Turnus leaps down from his chariot, like a lion who has sighted a bull, and Pallas, knowing well that his own strength is no match for his opponent's, prays for help to Hercules, who was once received as guest by his father: "By the grace my father showed you, stand by me now." But Hercules, on Olympus, knows he cannot help He begins to weep Then suddenly his father is there comforting him: Page 196 Euryalus, 13, 28, 34, 60, 77-80, 91, 93, 95, 109-14, 150, 162, 183, 185, 186, 187 Euryalus' mother, 78-80, 113-4, 180 Eurycleia, 132, 135 Eurydice, 45, 153 Evander, 1-2, 6, 72-5, 82-5, 93-4, 103, 105, 162, 165, 177, 188 F Faunus, 70, 86-7 H Hector, 3, 6, 18, 26, 33, 37-9, 48-50, 68, 98, 102, 121-7, 131-2, 165-6, 180, 189, 190 Hecuba, 38, 131, 188 Helen, 105, 131, 133, 137, 182 Helenus, 47-9 Hercules (Heracles), 1-2, 6, 45-6, 72-4, 82-3, 129, 162-3, 165, 177-8, 185 I Iapyx, 97-8, 113 Icarus, 59-62, 162 Ino, 134 Iris, 51, 125 J Juno (Hera), 2, 7, 24, 31-3, 41, 46, 51, 70-3, 88, 95, 96, 100, 104, 114, 115-7, 129, 1413, 152, 155, 160-1, 166, 186 Jupiter (Zeus), 1-2, 5-7, 24, 31-2, 41, 51, 57, 74-5, 81-3, 88, 99-102, 115, 116, 122, 1259, 141-3, 162-3, 165-6, 183, 186, 190 Juturna, 25, 96, 99, 101 L Laertes, 133, 136 Laocoön, 5, 36-7, 39, 43, 55, 162 Latinus, 69-71, 94, 99 Lausus, 13, 60, 71-2, 82, 89-93, 96, 162, 170 Lavinia, 10, 69-71, 94-5, 96, 99, 101, 118 M Marcellus, 6, 17, 67-8, 82, 91, 109, 154-5, 162, 165-6, 186, 187 Mars (Ares), 17, 32, 66, 74, 181 Menelaus, 4, 121, 133 Mercury (Hermes), 32, 51-3, 114, 125, 128, 132, 189 Mezentius, 5, 13, 71-2, 88-93, 160, 162, 188 Minerva (Athena), 24, 26, 36, 41, 135-7, 162 Minotaur, 148-9 Misenus, 13, 61, 66, 69, 117, 154, 162, 184 Mnestheus, 106 N Nausicaa, 134 Neptune (Poseidon), 24, 31, 41, 135, 180 Nestor, 133 Nisus, 5, 13, 28, 34, 58, 60, 77-9, 93, 109-13, 150, 162, 183, 185, 186, 187 Numanus, 80 O Odysseus, 18, 34, 109, 121-2, 127, 132-8, 140, 147, 152, 157, 182, 190 Orpheus, 45, 153-4, 163-4, 192 P Palinurus, 13, 55, 57-63, 66, 69, 97, 117, 151, 154, 162, 183 Pallas, 1-7, 13, 34, 46, 60, 66, 72-5, 81-8, 93, 102-3, 117, 140, 143, 155, 162-3, 165-6, 170, 177, 179 Panthus, 37, 46 Paris, 121, 125 Pasiphaë, 149-50 Patroclus, 2-4, 107, 122-4, 126, 131, 185, 190 Penelope, 132-3, 136-8, 190 Penthesilea, 27, 34, 71, 95, 116, 188 Phaethon, 112 Phoenix, 122, 127 Polites, 38-9, 56, 66, 162 Priam, 6, 33, 37-40, 47, 48, 54, 68, 125-7, 162, 180, 182, 188, 189 Proserpina, 61, 151-2 Proteus, 154 Pyrrhus, 38-40, 42, 43, 48, 56, 160 R Romulus, 65, 66, 76 S Sarpedon, 2-3, 6, 82, 128, 162, 178 Saturn, 73-4 Sibyl, The, 49, 57-8, 59-64, 68, 105, 106, 114, 148, 150-2, 155, 168, 184, 188 Sinon, 36-7, 160 Sirens, The, 58, 135, 137 T Telemachus, 132-8, 185 Theoclymenus, 133 Theseus, 149, 184 Thetis, 116, 124, 128, 130, 131 Tiber, 68-9, 72 Troilus, 34 Turnus, 1-5, 13, 25, 70-2, 77, 80, 82-6, 88, 94-9, 101-4, 141-3, 153, 155, 160-1, 185, 186 U Ufens, 71, 85 V Venus (Aphrodite), 24, 25, 27, 32-3, 34-5, 41, 51, 62, 74-5, 95, 97, 99, 106-7, 113, 115-7, 141, 180, 183, 188 Vulcan (Hephaestus), 12, 74 Page 197 Index of Names A Aeschylus: characters in the Oresteia, 107, 116 Agrippa, 76, 106, 177, 178, 187 Alcuin, 168 Anderson, W.S., 177, 181, 182 Antony, Mark, 4-5, 8, 14, 16, 73, 76, 111 Apollodorus, 179 Apollonius Rhodius, 11, 184 Appian, 15-6, 88, 179 Apuleius, 181 Aristotle, 160-1 Augustine, 168 Augustus (Octavian), 5, 6, 8-17, 34, 46, 56, 65-7, 73, 76, 82, 88, 91, 104, 106, 111, 156, 159, 160, 177-9, 185-7 B Babylonian Epic of Creation, 129 Bailey, Cyril, 180 Barzini, Luigi, 193 Bassett, S.E., 190 Baynes, H.G., 191 Beethoven, Ludwig von, 169 Berlioz, Hector, 169 Bernini, Giovanni, 169 Beye, C.R., 189 Bible, The: Old Testament characters, 125, 189; New Testament characters, 129-31, 133, 166, 183 Binder, G., 177 Boito, Arrigo, 171 Bowra, C.M., 157-8, 192 Broch, Hermann, 193 Brooks, R.A., 151, 183, 191-2 Brutus, Junius, 66 Burgess, J.F., 180 Byron, Lord, 169, 170 C Caesar, Julius, 4, 8, 15-7, 29, 32, 66, 76 Callimachus, 11 Camoes, Luis de, 168, 192 Campbell, Joseph, 115, 189 Camps, W.A., 177, 179-80, 181 Catiline, 76, 77, 160 Catullus, 11, 19-21, 79, 111 Cervantes, Miguel de: characters in, 107-8 Cicero, 15, 21-2, 177, 178, 180 Clement of Alexandria, 189 Cleopatra, 8, 13, 76, 177, 178 Conington, J., 185 Connolly, Cyril, 183-4 Cowles, F.W., 182 Crane, Theodore, 185 D Dante Alighieri, 29, 144, 152, 168, 186 Den Boer, W., 188 de Sica, Vittorio, 174 Dickson, T.W., 178 Dio Cassius, 179 Diodorus, 179 Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 177, 179 Donatus, 109, 154, 158, 164, 179, 181 Dover, K.J., 188 Doyle, Conan: characters in, 107 Drew, D.L., 106, 177, 187 Duckworth, G.W., 179 Duff, J.W., 178 E Ennius, 9, 11, 178, 181 Eliot, T.S., 169 Page 198 Euripides, 111, 183 F Fécherolle, Paul, 180 Fellini, Federico, 173-4 Fitzgerald, G.J., 187-8 Frazer, Sir James, 62 Furius Bibaculus, G Galinsky, G.K., 180, 185 Gallus, Gelasius, 168 Goethe, J.W von, 6, 108, 137, 144, 164-5 characters in Faust, 107-8, 137-8, 152 Gottfried von Strassburg: characters in, 133, 190 Glover, T.A., 180 Graves, Robert, 109, 187 Grimal, Pierre, 142, 190 H Hadas, Moses, 192-3 Hadrian, 168 Haecker, Theodore, 180 Harsh, P.W., 190 Haydn, Joseph, 169 Hegel, G W F., 160-1, 182 Heinze, Richard, 179 Henderson, J.L., 191 Henry, James, 180, 181 Hirtius, Aulus and Pansa, Vibius, 111 Homer, 2-4, 11, 13, 18, 25-7, 29, 31, 71, 118, 157, 166, 177, 185, 186 Iliad, 2-3, 10, 18, 30, 33, 50, 79, 102-3, 109, 111, 119-132, 140-1, 147, 159, 164, 166, 177, 178, 180, 181, 185, 189-90 Odyssey, 30, 132-8, 147, 152, 164, 180, 181, 182, 190, 192 Horace, 9, 10-1, 13-4, 23-4, 161, 178, 179, 183 Hornsby, R.A., 177 Hunt, J.W., 182, 184 I Isaiah, 169 J Jackson Knight, W.F., x, 168, 191 Jacobi, Jolande, 191 Jesus, 129-31, 133, 166-7 John the Apostle, 189 Johnson, W.R., 180, 184 Joyce, James: characters in, 133 Jung, C.G., x, 107, 115, 117, 128, 143-56, 189, 191-2 K Knauer, G.N., 177 Knox, Bernard, 183 Knox, Ronald, 190-1 L Lattuada, Alberto, 174 Lee, M.O., 192 Livy, 168, 179 Lucan, 25, 28, 168, 178 Lucretius, 11, 21, 29, 91, 158-9 Lycophron, 18, 179 M MacKay, L.A., 181 McKay, A.G., 189 Maecenas, 9, 106 Maphaeus Vegius, 164, 192 Melville, Herman: characters in Moby Dick, 107 Mendell, C.W., 178 Michelangelo, 164-5, 168-9, 188 Milton, John, 168, 169, 192 Mozart, W.A., 26, 108 characters in The Magic Flute, 107, 108, 115, 116, 129, 152 character of Don Juan, 137-8 N Naevius, 10 Newman, John Henry, 168 Norden, Eduard, 151, 184, 191 O Octavia, 12 Otis, Brooks, 119, 182, 183, 188, 189 Ovid, 9, 168, 192 Owen, E.T., 189 P Page, T.E., 183 Paratore, E., 189 Parry, Adam, 159, 182, 192 Phanocles, 192 Pindar, 11 Plato, 11, 110 Plautus, 181, 187 Pompey, 29, 40, 66, 178 Pöschl, Viktor, 178, 181, 182, 184, 186 Prescott, H.W., 184, 187 Propertius, 9, 10, 178, 179 Pseudo-Xenophon, 179 Putnam, Michael, 183, 185, 186 Q Quinn, Kenneth, 108, 178, 186, 193 R Raglan, Lord, 115, 188-9 Rieu, E.V., 181 Rossellini, Roberto, 174 S Sainte-Beuve, Charles, 177 Page 199 Sappho, 183 Savonarola, 168 Schiller, Friedrich von, 169-71 Scribe, Eugène, 170 Segal, C.P., 184 Seneca, 14-5 Servius, 179, 180, 182, 183, 189 Shakespeare, William, 26, 169-71, 186 Socrates, 150 Sophocles: character of Oedipus, 133 Spargo, J.W., 192 Spenser, Edmund, 168 Statius, 180, 181 Steinberg, Lionel, 188 Steiner, George, 183, 189-90 Stevenson, R.L.: characters in, 107 Suetonius, 15-6, 88, 179, 181, 185 See also Donatus T Tacitus, 168 Tanner, R.G., 177 Tasso, Torquato, 168, 192 Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 19, 23, 161 Timaeus, 18, 179 Twain, Mark: characters in, 107 V Valéry, Paul, 183 Van Doren, Mark, 182, 184 Varro, 18, 179 Velleius Paterculus, 179 Verdi, Giuseppe, 168-72, 174 Villon, Franỗois, 183 Virgil: Aeneid Book 1, 30-6, 181-2 arma virumque repeated, 42, 80, 181-2 the epic questions, 104, 161 ante ora patrum repeated, 38, 42, 57 Jupiter's revelation, 165 hunt-imagery, 27, 51, 70, 71, 95, 96, 115-6 bee-simile, 99 lacrimae rerum, 68, 83, 141, 159, 166, 170, 182, 193 Aeneas and Dido as sun and moon, 81, 188 recapitulated in Book 7, 70 early composition of, 11 Book 2, 36-46, 182-3 undoing of the Polites scene, 48-9, 56, 66 Dido's curse and, 54 gods destroying Troy, 24 Aeneas' fall from pietas, 154 Creusa's farewell, 65 Aeneas as Hercules, 6, 73 Augustus and, 11, 179 Book 3, 46-50, 183 games at Actium, 11 prophecy of the tables, 69, 184 early composition of, 11 Book 4, 50-5, 183 pietas in, 22-3, 108, 140 imagery, 27 Dido as Cleopatra, 76 Augustus and, 11, 179 as tragedy, 160-1 Book 5, 55-9, 183-4 the foot race, 110-2 Palinurus incident recapitulated, 97 Book 6, 59-68, 184 the Golden Bough, 117, 148, 151-2, 153 the vision of the future, 24, 27, 75-7, 83, 87, 102, 117, 141, 152-6, 160, 165, 166 Augustus and, 12, 179 Jungian approach to, 147-56 Book 7, 68-72, 184 Book 8, 72-7, 184-5 Aeneas as Hercules and Augustus, 6, 83 the shield, 12, 27, 82, 117, 152-3, 160, 165 Book 9, 77-80, 185 Nisus and Euryalus, 28, 91, 110-2, 162, 172 moon-imagery, 111-2, 188 Book 10, 1-7, 81-93, 177, 185-6 Aeneas as Augustus, 76 Aeneas' fall from pietas, 108, 140, 155, 179 homosexual element, 112-3 Book 11, 93-6, 186 Camilla's death, 104, 118 Book 12, 96-104, 186 ... Lee, M Owen, 193 0Fathers and sons in Virgil's Aeneid: Tum genitor natum Includes bibliographical references and index Vergilius Maro, Publius Aeneis Fathers and sons in literature I Title PA6825.L37... thanks, for stimulating conversations had, to Emmet Robbins in Vienna and again in Toronto, to Michael Masi in Rome, to Robert Barringer in Oxford, and especially to Ross Woodman in London I must... time, the importance of his insights for understanding works of art, and in particular those works which deal with mythical subjects in intuitive ways, is becoming increasingly clear My observations