Coleridge’s Writings On the Sublime Volume Edited by David Vallins Coleridge’s Writings General Editor: John Beer Volume 5: On the Sublime COLERIDGE’S WRITINGS Myriad-minded in his intellectual interests, Coleridge often passed quickly from one subject to another, so that the range and mass of the materials he left can be bewildering to later readers Coleridge’s Writings is a series addressed to those who wish to have a guide to his important statements on particular subjects Each volume presents his writings in a major field of human knowledge or thought, tracing the development of his ideas Connections are also made with relevant writings in the period, suggesting the extent to which Coleridge was either summing up, contributing to or reacting against current developments Each volume is produced by a specialist in the field; the general editor is John Beer, Professor of English Literature at Cambridge, who has published various studies of Coleridge’s thought and poetry Volume ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY edited by John Morrow Volume ON HUMANITY edited by Anya Taylor Volume ON LANGUAGE edited by A.C Goodson Volume ON RELIGION AND PSYCHOLOGY edited by John Beer Volume ON THE SUBLIME edited by David Vallins Coleridge’s Writings Volume On the Sublime Edited by David Vallins Lecturer in English University of Hiroshima Japan Editorial matter and selection © David Vallins 2003 All rights reserved No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 First published 2003 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries ISBN 0–333–97250–3 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 1772–1834 On the sublime/edited by David Vallins p cm.— (Coleridge’s writings; v 5) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0–333–97250–3 Sublime, The Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 1772–1834— Criticism and interpretation Sublime, The, in literature I Vallins, David II Title PR4472.V35 2003 821′.7—dc21 2003048281 10 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham and Eastbourne Yea (saith an enlightened physician), there is but one principle, which alone reconciles the man with himself, with others and with the world; which regulates all relations, tempers all passions, and gives power to overcome or support all suffering; and which is not to be shaken by aught earthly, for it belongs not to the earth—namely, the principle of religion, the living and substantial faith ‘which passeth all understanding,’ as the cloud-piercing rock, which overhangs the strong-hold of which it had been the quarry and remains the foundation This elevation of the spirit above the semblances of custom and the senses to a world of spirit, this life in the idea, even in the supreme and godlike, which alone merits the name of life, and without which our organic life is but a state of somnambulism; this it is which affords the sole sure anchorage in the storm, and at the same time the substantiating principle of all true wisdom, the satisfactory solution of all the contradictions of human nature, of the whole riddle of the world (Friend [CC], 1: 523–4) This page intentionally left blank Contents Foreword ix Acknowledgements xi xiii List of Abbreviations Introduction 1 ‘These soul-ennobling views’: Enlightenment and Sublimity in Coleridge’s Early Writings 13 ‘A stirring & inquietude of Fancy’: Coleridge and the Sublimity of Landscape 35 ‘A grand feeling of the unimaginable’: Transcendence in Literature and the Visual Arts i General ii Individual authors and texts iii The visual arts 81 83 88 108 ‘That life-ebullient stream’: Coleridge and Romantic Psychology i Evolution ii ‘Thought’ and ‘things’ iii Reason and understanding iv Politics and society v Love vi The psychology of the sublime 111 114 124 131 144 146 151 ‘An intuitive beholding’: Aspects of the Sublime in Coleridge’s Religious Thought 155 Notes 170 Bibliography 186 Index 194 vii This page intentionally left blank Foreword The appearance of hitherto unpublished material during the last hundred years has brought out more fully the range and complexity of Coleridge’s intelligence and knowledge Complete publication of the Notebooks and Collected Works, together with that of the previously assembled Collected Letters, have made it increasingly evident that this was the most extraordinary English mind of the time The specialist or more general student who wishes to know what Coleridge had to say on a particular subject may, however, find the sheer mass of materials bewildering, since in his less formal writings he passed quickly from one subject to another Coleridge’s Writings is a series addressed to such readers In each volume a particular area of Coleridge’s interest is explored, with an attempt to present his most significant statements and to show the development of his thought on the subject in question Among the various interests attracting Coleridge during his career, poetry, and the appreciation and criticism of literature, remained constant presences and the achievement of the sublime a dominant aspiration The tragedies of Shakespeare marked one recent peak, while the work of Milton, who had come closest to producing an English form of epic poetry, called for emulation—and even supplementation, given the advances in knowledge and thought that had taken place since his death The sublime was an ideal which could be aimed for not only poetically but intellectually: indeed, Coleridge remained unsure whether his aim should be to write an epic poem (the chief remaining subject for such an attempt being, he thought, ‘The Fall of Jerusalem’) or an opus maximum in philosophy (to be called the ‘Assertion of Religion’, perhaps) The loftiness of his aims was recognized in his circle—as is suggested by Southey’s rather withering description of The Ancient Mariner as a ‘Dutch attempt at German sublimity’ Coleridge’s subsequent attempts at demonstrating the sublimity of Nature, evident in many notebook descriptions, emerge openly in a poem such as the ‘Hymn before Sunrise’ As can be seen from the latter, however, a strong religious element was becoming increasingly bound up for him with ix Notes 183 42 TT (CC), 1: 129n notes that the phrase ‘Gradus ad Philosophiam’ involves a ‘Coleridgean play on “Gradus ad Parnassum”’ , a systematic aid towards the writing of Latin verse’ 43 These marginalia appear in Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Sämmtliche Schriften, 30 pts in vol (Berlin, 1784), 7: 245–6 (BL c126 a1) The date is that suggested in CM, 3: 657 44 C&S (CC), 69n notes that Coleridge ‘was opposed to the schools organised on the model supplied by Joseph Lancaster (1778–1838) in Improvements in Education (1803)’, and translates ‘per ascensum ab imis’ as ‘by ascent from the lowest levels’ 45 The date is that suggested in CN, 2: 2984 46 The date is that suggested in CM, 1: 743 The editor of NTPM (Derwent Coleridge) has combined two adjacent entries in Coleridge’s copy of Religio Medici (see CM, 1: 751–2) 47 The dates are those suggested in CN, 3: 3700, 3705 48 This passage also appears in CL, 3: 304–5 On Coleridge’s friendship with the diarist, Henry Crabb Robinson see, for example, Holmes, Coleridge: Darker Reflections, 127–32, 271–4 49 The date is that suggested in CN, 2: 2093, where this passage also appears CN, 2: 2093n notes that the reference to ‘Darwin’ in this passage ‘is to a paragraph in the chapter “Of Instinct” in [Erasmus] Darwin’s Zoonomia where Darwin argues that emotions connected with sound, e.g the feelings of terror or sublimity, are aroused by previous associations.’ It also points out that ‘the chariot wheels of Salmoneus’ appear to derive from Virgil’s description of ‘Salmoneus, son of Aeolus’ in Aeneid, VI, 585 50 The date is that suggested in CN, 3: 4039, where this passage also appears ‘An intuitive beholding’: Aspects of the Sublime in Coleridge’s Religious Thought LS (CC), 48 On Plotinus’s conception of the ascent of being towards its divine origin see, for example, Inge, The Philosophy of Plotinus, 1: 254 On the differences between Kant’s and Coleridge’s conceptions of ‘Reason’ see, for example, René Wellek, Immanuel Kant in England, 1793–1838 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 1931), 103–5 See, for example, Coleridge’s discussions of Reason in LS (CC), 18 and 68n, Friend (CC), 1: 190 and 316n, and C&S (CC), 182; also Engell’s description of Coleridge’s view of faith as ‘a special form of “active knowledge”’ , in James Engell, ‘Coleridge and German Idealism: First Postulates, Final Causes’, Richard Gravil and Molly Lefebure (eds), The Coleridge Connection: Essays for Thomas McFarland (London: Macmillan, 1990), 158 On the assumption of self-consciousness involved in all reasoning, see BL, 1: 284–5; also the closely-related passage in STI, 16–17 On the analogy 184 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Notes between our assumed self-consciousness and the ‘absolute identity’ or ‘self-comprehending being’ in which (according to Schelling’s and Coleridge’s various formulations) all experience originates, see especially CL, 2: 1195, and Vallins, Coleridge and the Psychology of Romanticism, 150 See, for example, ‘Religious Musings’, ll 105–33, CPW, 1: 113–14; also my discussion of Coleridge’s fascination with concepts of unity in nature, in Vallins, ‘Production and Existence: Coleridge’s Unification of Nature’, 107–24 See Ephesians, 14–19 See especially CJ, 99–103 See, for example, AR (CC), 233, and Shedd, 5: 206, the latter of which appears at the beginning of Chapter 4, section iii, above The relation of these antinomies to Kantian thought and to Neoplatonism is discussed in Vallins, Coleridge and the Psychology of Romanticism, 147–9 His sense of this division is perhaps especially clear in BL (CC), 1: 235–41 See CJ, 99 The date is that suggested in SWF, 1: 12 The title is printed as it appears in the mansucript (probably a transcription by Coleridge’s brother George) See SWF, 1: 12 This passage also appears in CL, 2: 758 The date is that suggested in CN, 1: 1247, where this passage also appears ‘Pantopical’ (or παntopical’, as Coleridge writes this word) does not appear in OED The date is that suggested in CN, 2: 2151, where this passage also appears The title of this passage is that which appears in Coleridge’s manuscript (see CN, 3: 4005) Shedd , 5:15 gives it the date ‘1816’, apparently due to a misreading of Coleridge’s manuscript, which is corrected in CN, 3: 4005 The date is that suggested in CN, 3: 4065, where this passage also appears These passages also appear in LS (CC), 18–20 and 47–8 LS (CC), 19–20n notes that phrases closely resembling Coleridge’s ‘As sure as God liveth’ occur in Job, 27 and Samuel, 27, while the longer biblical quotation in the first of these extracts from The Statesman’s Manual derives from The Wisdom of Solomon, 16 See also the related passages in Friend, 1: 104–5 and 2: 71 As LS, 48n points out, the reference to ‘the Apostle’ in the second of these passages appears to be to Ephesians, 14–19 which is quoted in the same paragraph AR (CC), 223–4, however, attributes an almost identical expression to Hooker, who, Coleridge says, used it in the definition of ‘reason’: ‘Reason (says our great HOOKER) is a direct Aspect of Truth, an inward Beholding, having a similar relation to the Intelligible or Spiritual, as SENSE has to the Material or Phenomenal.’ This passage also appears in BL (CC), 2: 247–8 These marginalia appear in The Works of Jacob Behmen, the Teutonic Theosopher, ed G Ward and T Langcake, vols (London, 1764–81), I, i, 41 (BL c126 k1) The dates are those suggested in CM, 1: 555–6 CM, 1: 568n Notes 185 20 21 22 23 24 25 translates ‘plusquam metaphora’ as ‘more than metaphor’, and ‘eine mehr als geometrischen Anschauung’ as ‘a more than geometrical insight’ This passage also appears in Friend (CC), 1: 105–6 and 514–24 This passage also appears in AR (CC), 92 AR (CC), 92n notes that the first sentence of this passage ‘ is based very loosely’ on a remark of Leighton’s in The Whole Works of Robert Leighton, ed George Jerment, vols (London, 1820), 1: 41 These marginalia appear in Richard Baxter, Catholick Theologie, pts in vol (London, 1675), i: 2–4 (BL Ashley 4777) The dates are those suggested in CM, 1: 231 This passage also appears in CL, 6: 561–2 The words ‘:ερϑ γρϑµµατα’ in this passage can be translated as ‘divinely-inspired writings’, and ‘internuncios’ as ‘intermediary’ or ‘go-between’ The date is that suggested in CM, 1: 414 The date is that suggested in CM, 2: 698 Eusebius (c 260–341) was Bishop of Caesarea and author of a number of works of theology and church history Select Bibliography Manuscript sources Coleridge, S.T Gutch Memorandum Book British Library, Add MS 27, 901 —Notebooks 1–28 and 30 British Library, Add MSS 47, 496 – 47, 527 —MS Notes in Baxter, Richard, Catholick Theologie, pts in vol (London, 1675; BL Ashley 4777) —MS Notes in The Works of Jacob Behmen, the Teutonic Theosophist, ed G Ward and T Langcake, vols (London, 1764–81; BL c126 k1) —MS notes in Heinroth, Johann Christian, Lehrbuch der Anthropologie (Leipzig, 1822; BL C 43 b18) —MS Notes in Johann Gottfried Herder, Kalligone, vols (Leipzig, 1800, BL C43 a11) —MS Notes in The Dramatic Works of Ben Jonson, and Beaumont and Fletcher, ed George Colman, vols (London, 1811; BL c126 i1) —MS Notes in The Whole Works of Robert Leighton, ed George Jerment, vols (London, 1820; BL c126 h1) —MS Notes in Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim Sämmtliche Schriften, 30 pts in vol (Berlin, 1784; BL c126 a1) —MS notes in Taylor, Jeremy, ΣYMBOΛ ON ΘEOΛ OΓIKON: or A Collection of Polemicall Discourses (London, 1674; BL Ashley 5147) University of Toronto, Victoria College Library MS 29 Printed sources Akenside, Mark Poetical Works Ed Robin Dix Madison, N.J.: A.U.P., 1996 Badawi, M.M Coleridge: Critic of Shakespeare Cambridge: C.U.P., 1973 Baker, J.V The Sacred River: Coleridge’s Theory of the Imagination Baton Rouge, LA.: Louisiana State U.P., 1957 Barth, J Robert Coleridge and Christian Doctrine Cambridge, MA.: Harvard U.P., 1969 Baxter, Richard Reliquae Baxterianae: or Mr Richard Baxter’s Narrative of the Most Memorable Passages of His Life and Times Ed Mathew Sylvester London, 1696 Beer, John Coleridge’s Poetic Intelligence London: Macmillan, 1977 —Coleridge the Visionary London: Chatto, 1959 Benziger, James ‘Organic Unity: Leibniz to Coleridge’, PMLA, 62 (1951), 24–48 Bewdley, Christina and David Gentleman Radical: a Life of John Horne Tooke, 1736–1812 London: Tauris, 1998 Boehme, Jacob The Works of Jacob Behmen, The Teutonic Theosopher [Ed G Ward and T Langcake.] vols London, 1764–81 186 Bibliography 187 Brumfitt, J.H The French Enlightenment London: Macmillan, 1972 Burke, Edmund A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful Ed J.T Boulton London: Routledge, 1958 Burns, Robert, The Poetical Works of Robert Burns Ed J Logie Robertson London: O.U.P., 1908 Bygrave, Stephen Coleridge and the Self: Romantic Egotism Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1986 Byron, George Gordon, Lord The Complete Poetical Works Ed Jerome J McGann vols Oxford: Clarendon, 1980–93 Christensen, Jerome Coleridge’s Blessed Machine of Language Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell U.P., 1981 Coleman, Deirdre Coleridge and ‘The Friend’ (1809–1810) Oxford: Clarendon, 1988 Coleridge, S.T Aids to Reflection Ed John Beer Collected Works Vol Princeton: Princeton U.P., 1993 —Biographia Literaria, with his Aesthetical Essays Ed J Shawcross vols Oxford: Clarendon, 1907 —Biographia Literaria Ed James Engell and W Jackson Bate vols Collected Works Vol Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 1983 —Coleridge on the Seventeenth Century Ed R.F Brinkley Durham, N.C.: Duke U.P., 1955 —Coleridge’s Miscellaneous Criticism Ed T.M Raysor London: Constable, 1936 —Coleridge’s Shakespearean Criticism Ed T.M Raysor vols London: Dent, 1960 —Collected Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge Ed E.L Griggs vols Oxford: Clarendon, 1956–71 —The Collected Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 1969– —The Complete Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge Ed W.G.T Shedd vols New York: Harper, 1884 —The Complete Poetical Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge Ed E.H Coleridge vols Oxford: Clarendon, 1912 —Essays on His Times in ‘The Morning Post’ and ‘The Courier’ Ed David V Erdman vols Collected Works Vol Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 1978 —The Friend Ed Barbara E Rooke vols Collected Works Vol Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 1969 —Hints Towards the Formation of a More Comprehensive Theory of Life Ed Seth B Watson London: John Churchill, 1848 —Inquiring Spirit: a New Presentation of Coleridge from his Published and Unpublished Prose Writings Ed Kathleen Coburn London: R.K.P., 1951 —Lay Sermons Ed R.J White Collected Works Vol Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 1972 —Lectures 1808–1819 On Literature Ed R.A.Foakes vols Collected Works Vol Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 1987 —Lectures 1795 On Politics and Religion Ed Lewis Patton and Peter Mann Collected Works Vol Princeton, N.J.: Pinceton U.P., 1971 —Lectures 1818–19 On the History of Philosophy Ed J.R de J Jackson vols Collected Works Vol Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 2000 188 Bibliography —Lectures and Notes on Shakespere and Other English Poets Ed T Ashe London: George Bell, 1884 —Letters Ed E.H Coleridge vols London: Heinemann, 1895 —Logic Ed J.R.de J Jackson Collected Works Vol 13 Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 1981 —Marginalia Ed George Whalley et al vols Collected Works Vol 12 Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 1980–2001 —The Notebooks of Samuel Taylor Coleridge Ed Kathleen Coburn et al vols London: Routledge, 1957–2002 —Notes, Theological, Political, and Miscellaneous Ed Derwent Coleridge London: Moxon, 1853 —(with R Southey) Omniana, or Horae Otiosiores Ed Robert Gittings London: Centaur, 1969 —On the Constitution of the Church and State and Lay Sermons Ed H.N Coleridge London: William Pickering, 1839 —On the Constitution of the Church and State Ed John Barrell London: Dent, 1972 —On the Constitution of the Church and State Ed John Colmer Collected Works Vol 10 Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 1976 —The Philosophical Lectures of Samuel Taylor Coleridge Ed Kathleen Coburn London: Pilot, 1949 —Poetical Works Ed J.C.C Mays pts in vols Collected Works Vol 16 Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 2001 —Shorter Works and Fragments Ed H.J Jackson and J.R de J Jackson vols Collected Works Vol 11 Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 1995 —Specimens of the Table Talk of Samuel Taylor Coleridge London: John Murray, 1836 —Table Talk Ed Carl Woodring vols Collected Works Vol 14 Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 1990 —Unpublished Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge Ed E.L Griggs vols London: Constable, 1932 —The Watchman Ed Lewis Patton Collected Works Vol Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 1970 Colmer, John Coleridge, Critic of Society Oxford: Clarendon, 1959 — ‘ Coleridge and the Life of Hope’, Studies in Romanticism, (1972) 332–41 Cornwell, John Coleridge, Poet and Revolutionary, 1772–1804: a Critical Biography London: Allen Lane, 1973 Corrigan, Timothy Coleridge, Language, and Criticism Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1982 Cudworth, Ralph The True Intellectual System of the Universe: Wherein All the Reason and Philosophy of Atheism is Confuted, and its Impossibility Demonstrated (1678) Ed J Harrison vols London: Thomas Tegg, 1845 Darwin, Erasmus The Botanic Garden; a Poem, in Two Parts vols London, 1789–91; reprinted in vol., Menston, Yorks.: Scolar Press, 1973 —Zoonomia; Or, The Laws of Organic Life vols London, 1794–6 Deen, Leonard W ‘Coleridge and the Sources of Pantisocracy: Godwin, the Bible, and Hartley’, Boston University Studies in English, (Winter, 1961), 232–45 Bibliography 189 De Quincey, Thomas The Collected Writings of Thomas de Quincey Ed David Masson 14 vols Edinburgh: A and C Black, 1889–90 Emmet, Dorothy ‘Coleridge on the Growth of the Mind’, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, 34 (1952) 276–95 Engell, James The Creative Imagination: Enlightenment to Romanticism Cambridge, MA: Harvard U.P., 1981 Esposito, Joseph L Schelling’s Idealism and Philosophy of Nature Lewisburg, Pa.: Bucknell U.P., 1977 Fairchild, H.N Religious Trends in English Poetry Vol 1780–1830: Romantic Faith New York: Columbia U.P., 1949 — ‘ Hartley, Pistorius, and Coleridge’, PMLA, 62 (1947) 1010–21 Fichte, J.G Science of Knowledge (1794) Trans Peter Heath and John Lachs Cambridge: C.U.P., 1982 Ford, Jennifer Coleridge on Dreaming: Romanticism, Dreams, and the Medical Imagination Cambridge: C.U.P., 1997 Fruman, Norman H Coleridge: The Damaged Archangel London: Allen and Unwin, 1972 Fulford, T Coleridge’s Figurative Language Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1991 Garrett, Clarke Respectable Folly: Millenarians and the French Revolution in France and England Baltimore: Johns Hopkins U.P., 1975 Godwin, William An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and its Influence on Modern Morals and Happiness Ed I Kramnick Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976 Gravil, Richard and Lefebure, Molly (eds) The Coleridge Connection: Essays for Thomas McFarland London: Macmillan, 1990 Griggs, E.L (ed.), Wordsworth and Coleridge: Studies in Honor of George McLean Harper Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 1939 Grow, Lynn Merle ‘The Prose Style of Samuel Taylor Coleridge’ Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California, 1971 Hamilton, Paul Coleridge’s Poetics Oxford: Blackwell, 1983 Harding, Anthony Coleridge and the Idea of Love: Aspects of Relationship in Coleridge’s Thought and Writing London: C.U.P., 1974 —Coleridge and the Inspired Word Kingston, Ontario: McGill-Queen’s U.P., 1985 Hartley, David Observations on Man: His Frame, His Duty, and His Expectations vols London, 1749 Hazlitt, William The Complete Works of William Hazlitt Ed P.P Howe 21 vols London: Dent, 1930–34 Hegel, G.W.F The Difference Between Fichte’s and Schelling’s System of Philosophy Trans H.S Harris and Walter Cerf Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1977 —Phenomenology of Spirit Trans A V Miller Oxford: Clarendon, 1977 Hipple, Walter John, Jr The Beautiful, The Sublime, and The Picturesque in Eighteenth-Century British Aesthetic Theory Carbondale, IL.: Southern Illinois U.P., 1957 Holmes, Richard Coleridge: Early Visions London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1989 —Coleridge: Darker Reflections London: HarperCollins, 1998 190 Bibliography Hume, David Enquiries Concerning Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals Ed L.A Selby-Bigge Oxford: O.U.P., 1975 —A Treatise of Human Nature: Being an Attempt to Introduce the Experimental Method of Reasoning into Moral Subjects Ed L.A Selby-Bigge Oxford: Clarendon, 1978 Hunt, Bishop C., Jr ‘Coleridge and the Endeavor of Philosophy’, PMLA, 91 (1976) 829–39 Inge, William Ralph The Philosophy of Plotinus vols London: Longman, 1918; 1923 —The Platonic Tradition in English Religious Thought London: Longman, 1926 Jackson, J.R de J (ed.), Coleridge: the Critical Heritage London: Routledge, 1970 Jasper, David Coleridge as Poet and Religious Thinker: Inspiration and Revelation London: Macmillan, 1985 Kant, Immanuel The Critique of Judgement Trans J.C Meredith Oxford: Clarendon, 1952 —Critique of Practical Reason Trans Lewis Whiite Beck Chicago: Chicago U.P., 1949 —Critique of Pure Reason Trans Norman Kemp Smith London: Macmillan, 1929; 1933 —Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime Trans John T Goldthwaite Berkeley: University of California Press, 1960 Kessler, Edward Coleridge’s Metaphors of Being Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 1979 Kooy, Michael John, Coleridge, Schiller, and Aesthetic Education London: Palgrave, now Palgrave Macmillan, 2002 Leask, Nigel The Politics of Imagination in Coleridge’s Critical Thought London: Macmillan, 1988 Leighton, Angela Shelley and the Sublime Cambridge: C.U.P., 1984 Litchfield, R.B Tom Wedgwood, the First Photographer London: Duckworth, 1903 Locke, John An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) Ed Peter H Nidditch Oxford: Clarendon, 1975 Levere, Trevor H Poetry Realized in Nature: Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Early Nineteenth-Century Science Cambridge: C.U.P., 1981 Lockridge, Laurence S Coleridge the Moralist Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell U.P., 1977 Lovejoy, A.O The Great Chain of Being: a Study of the History of an Idea Cambridge, MA: Harvard U.P., 1936 — ‘ Coleridge and Kant’s Two Worlds’, ELH, (1940), 341–62 Magnuson, Paul Coleridge’s Nightmare Poetry Charlottesville, VA, 1974 Marcel, Gabriel Coleridge et Schelling Paris: Aubier-Montaigne, 1971 Marks, Emerson R ‘Means and Ends in Coleridge’s Critical Method’, ELH, 26 (1959) 387–401 Mays, J.C.C ‘Coleridge on Prose’ D.Phil Thesis, Oxford University, 1966 McFarland, Thomas Coleridge and the Pantheist Tradition Oxford: Clarendon, 1969 —Paradoxes of Freedom: the Romantic Mystique of a Transcendence Oxford: Clarendon, 1996 Bibliography 191 McGann, Jerome J The Romantic Ideology: a Critical Investigation Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983 McKenzie, Gordon Organic Unity in Coleridge Berkeley: University of California Press, 1939 McKusick, James C Coleridge’s Philosophy of Language New Haven, CT.: Yale U.P., 1986 Mileur, Jean-Pierre Vision and Revision: Coleridge’s Art of Immanence Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982 Milton, John A Complete Collection of the Historical, Political, and Miscellaneous Works of John Milton [Ed Thomas Birch.] vols London, 1738 —Poetical Works Ed Helen Darbishire London: O.U.P., 1958 Modiano, Raimonda Coleridge and the Concept of Nature London: Macmillan, 1985 — ‘ Coleridge and the Sublime; a Response to Thomas Weiskel’s The Romantic Sublime’, Wordsworth Circle, (1978) 110–20 Monk, Samuel H The Sublime: a Study of Critical Theories in XVIII-Century England New York: M.L.A., 1935 Moody, A David Thomas Stearns Eliot: Poet Cambridge: C.U.P., 1979 Muirhead, J.H Coleridge as Philosopher London: Allen & Unwin, 1930 —The Platonic Tradition in Anglo-Saxon Philosophy London: Allen & Unwin, 1931; 1965 Nisbet, H.B (ed.), German Aesthetic and Literary Criticism: Winckelmann, Lessing, Hamann, Herder, Schiller, Goethe Cambridge: C.U.P., 1985 O’Meara, Dominic J (ed.) Neoplatonism and Christian Thought Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1982 Orsini, G.N.G Coleridge and German Idealism: a Study in the History of Philosophy with Unpublished Materials from Coleridge’s Manuscripts Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois U.P., 1969 Paley, Morton D., Coleridge’s Later Poetry Oxford: Clarendon, 1996 Park, Roy ‘Coleridge: Philosopher and Theologian as Literary Critic’, University of Toronto Quarterly, 38 (1968), 17–33 Perkins, Mary Anne Coleridge’s Philosophy: the Logos as Unifying Principle Oxford: Clarendon, 1994 Perry, Seamus Coleridge and the Uses of Division Oxford: Clarendon, 1999 Piper, H.W The Active Universe: Pantheism and the Concept of Imagination in the English Romantic Poets London: Athlone, 1962 — ‘ The Pantheistic Sources of Coleridge’s Early Poetry’, JHI, 20 (1959), 47–59 Plato The Republic Trans F.M Cornford Oxford: Clarendon, 1941 Plotinus An Essay on the Beautiful Trans Thomas Taylor London, 1792 —The Enneads Trans Stephen MacKenna London: Faber, 1956 Potter, George R ‘Coleridge and the Idea of Evolution’, PMLA, 40 (1925) 379–97 Prickett, S Coleridge and Wordsworth: the Poetry of Growth London: C.U.P., 1970 Priestley, Joseph Disquisitions Relating to Matter and Spirit London, 1777; Birmingham, 1782 —The Doctrine of Philosophical Necessity Illustrated; Being an Appendix to the Disquisitions Relating to Matter and Spirit London, 1777 —An Essay on the First Principles of Government; and on the Nature of Political, Civil, and Religious Liberty London, 1768 192 Bibliography —Hartley’s Theory of the Human Mind, on the Principle of the Association of Ideas; with Essays Relating to the Subject of it London, 1775 Reiman, Donald H (ed.) The Romantics Reviewed: Contemporary Reviews of British Romantic Writers Part A The Lake Poets vols New York: Garland, 1972 Richards, I.A Coleridge on Imagination London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1934 Roe, Nicholas, Wordsworth and Coleridge: the Radical Years Oxford: O.U.P., 1988 Sartre, Jean-Paul Being and Nothingness: an Essay on Phenomenological Ontology Trans Hazel E Barnes London: Methuen, 1957 Schelling, F.W.J System of Transcendental Idealism (1800) Trans Peter Heath Charlottesville, VA.: University Press of Virginia, 1978 Seidel, George J Activity and Ground: Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel Hildesheim: Olms, 1976 Shakespeare The Complete Works Ed Stanley Wells and Gary Taylor Oxford: Clarendon, 1986 Shelley, P.B Shelley’s Poetry and Prose Ed Donald H Reiman and Sharon B Powers New York: Norton, 1977 Simpson, David (ed.) German Aesthetic and Literary Criticism: Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Schopenhauer, Hegel Cambridge: C.U.P., 1984 Suther, Marshall The Dark Night of Samuel Taylor Coleridge New York: Columbia U.P., 1960 Swedenborg, Emanuel Heaven and Hell; also, the Intermediate State, or World of Spirits; a Relation of Things Heard and Seen [Trans J Clowes.] London: Swedenborg Society, 1850 Taylor, Isaac Natural History of Enthusiasm London 1829 Tooke, John Horne ‘E πεα Πτερ2εντα, or, The Diversions of Purley vols London, 1786–1805; Menston, Yorks.: Scolar Press, 1968 Vallins, D Coleridge and the Psychology of Romanticism: Feeling and Thought London, Macmillan, 2000 — ‘ Production and Existence: Coleridge’s Unification of Nature’, JHI, 56 (1995) 107–24 Webb, Timothy Shelley: a Voice Not Understood Manchester: Manchester U.P., 1977 Weiskel, Thomas The Romantic Sublime: Studies in the Structure and Psychology of Transcendence Baltimore: Johns Hopkins U.P., 1976 Wellek, René Immanuel Kant in England, 1793–1838 Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P., 1931 Wheeler, Kathleen The Creative Mind in Coleridge’s Poetry London: Heinemann, 1981 —(ed.) German Aesthetic and Literary Criticism: the Romantic Ironists and Goethe Cambridge: C.U.P., 1985 —Sources, Processes and Methods in Coleridge’s ‘Biographia Literaria’ Cambridge: C.U.P., 1980 White, Alan Schelling: an Introduction to the System of Freedom New Haven, CT: Yale U.P., 1983 Wlecke, Albert O Wordsworth and the Sublime Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973 Bibliography 193 Wordsworth, Christopher Memoirs of William Wordsworth vols London: Moxon, 1851 Wordsworth, William Guide to the Lakes Ed Ernest de Selincourt Oxford: O.U.P., 1906 —The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth Ed E de Selincourt and Helen Darbishire vols Oxford: Clarendon, 1940–49 —The Prelude 1799, 1805, 1850 Ed Jonathan Wordworth, M.H Abrams, Stephen Gill New York: Norton, 1979 —The Prose Works of William Wordsworth Ed W.J.B Owen and J Worthington Smyser vols Oxford: Clarendon, 1974 Wylie, Ian Young Coleridge and the Philosophers of Nature Oxford: Clarendon, 1989 Index on reason, 10, 11, 14, 106, 113, 114, 131–44, 155–7, 161, 162, 184 topographical references: Bala, 37–8; Borrodale, 42, 43, 59, 67, 69, 72; the Brocken, 102; Chamonix, 55–8; Derbyshire, 37, 38; Dove Dale, 38; Gibraltar, 75–6, 177; Glen Coe, 6, 62–4; Glen Nevis, 64–6; Grasmere, 41, 52, 68; Helvellyn, 47, 48, 49, 52, 55, 72; Keswick, 41–2, 69, 70; King’s College, Cambridge, 110; the Lake District, 6, 37, 39–55, 59–60, 66–70, 72–3; Loch Lomond, 74; Lodore, 43, 54–5, 59, 68; Malta, 6, 37, 177; Messina, 102; Morocco, 6, 37, 75; Mount Etna, 36, 73, 77, 174, 177; Scafell, 47–8, 49, 51, 52, 176; Scotland, 6, 37, 60–6; the Sierra Nevada, 6, 75; Skiddaw, 42, 45, 47, 52, 55, 72; Somerset, 37, 38–9; Taormina, 78–9; Thirlmere, 68; Vesuvius, 79; Wales, 36, 37–8 works: I Poetical Works ‘Apologia pro Vita Sua’, 175; ‘The Destiny of Nations’, 32–3, 173, 178 ; ‘Destruction of the Bastile’, 15–16; ‘The Eolian Harp’, 124, 181; ‘France, An Ode’, 14, 33–4, 172, 173–4 ; ‘Frost at Midnight, 177; ‘Hymn Before Sunrise in the Vale of Chamouni’, 37, 56–8, 178, 179; ‘Koskiusco’, 18; Aeschylus, 88 Bacon, Francis, 86, 133, 136, 137–8, 182 Barrell, John, 170 Baxter, Richard, 168 Beddoes, Thomas, 124 Beer, John, 170, 181 Bible, The, Apocrypha: Wisdom of Solomon, 134, 184 Old Testament: Daniel, 168; Ezekiel, 89, 178; Genesis, 121, 122, 181; Isaiah, 169; Job, 184; Judges, 89, 178; Proverbs, 142; Psalms, 89; Samuel, 184 New Testament: Ephesians, 184; John, 136; Revelation, 173 Boehme, Jacob, 162 Boileau, Nicholas, 94 Brun, Friederike, 37, 176 Burke, Edmund, 6, 83, 177 Burns, Robert, 86, 178 Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 97, 170 Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de, 97 Chatterton, Thomas, 90–2, 178 Coleman, Deirdre, 172 Coleridge, Hartley, 128–9 Coleridge, S.T., on evolution, 10, 111–12, 113, 114–24 on genius, 86, 90, 103, 108 on imagination, 4, 7, 8, 10, 81–2, 83, 84, 95–6, 99, 102, 112, 119, 130, 131, 156 on the logos, 11, 162, 169 on love, 10, 114, 146–51 194 Index Coleridge, S.T – continued ‘La Fayette’, 18; ‘Life’, 16; ‘Monody on the Death of Chatterton’, 90–2; Osorio, 127, 181; ‘Pantisocracy’, 17; ‘Reflections on Having Left a Place of Retirement’, 28–30; ‘Religious Musings’, 14, 20–8, 111, 172, 180, 184 ; ‘This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison’, 38–9; ‘To the Honourable Mr Erskine’, 17; ‘To William Wordsworth’, 106–8; ‘Verses Addressed to J Horne Tooke’, 30–1; II Prose Works Aids to Reflection, 1, 111, 121–3, 132, 167–8, 180, 181, 184, 185; Biographia Literaria, 10, 35–6, 111, 118–20, 162, 171, 174, 178, 180, 181, 183, 184; Conciones ad Populum, 40, 173; Essays on His Times, 174; The Friend, 19–20, 134–9, 163–7, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 178, 180, 182, 183, 185; Hints Towards the Formation of a More Comprehensive Theory of Life, 8, 112, 180; Lectures on Literature, 83–5, 87, 94–6, 101–2, 104, 108–9, 110, 149–52, 171, 178, 179; A Moral and Political Lecture, 173, 180; On the Constitution of the Church and State, 1, 111, 113, 142–3, 145–6, 171, 180, 182, 183; ‘On the Principles of Genial Criticism’, 109; Philosophical Lectures, 87–8, 139–40, 145, 178, 182; The Plot Discovered, 170; The Statesman’s Manual, 132–4, 156, 160–2, 172, 182; Table Talk, 121, 124, 144, 171, 181, 183, 184; The Watchman, 172, 173 Cornwell, John, 173, 175, 176 Cottle, Joseph, 174 195 Daniel, Samuel, 123, 181 Darwin, Erasmus, 94, 124, 151–2, 179, 183 Eliot, T.S., 171 Engell, James, 183 Erskine, Thomas, 17, 173 Euclid, 109 Euripides, 89 Eusebius, 169, 185 Fairchild, H.N., 171 Ferriar, John, 181 Fichte, J.G., 180, 181 Frere, John Hookham, 178 Fruman, Norman, 176 Garve, Christian, 70–1, 177 Godwin, William, 41 Goethe, J.G von, 97 Greece, art of, 87, 110 literature of, 88 Griggs, E.L., 175 Harrington, James, 134–5, 182 Hartley, David, 5, 9, 111, 155, 173 Hazlitt, William, 9, 69, 117, 171 Hegel, G.W.F., Hemsterhuis, Francois, 135 Hobbes, Thomas, 136 Holmes, Richard, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 182, 183 Homer, 94, 179 Hooker, Richard, 136, 184 Horace, 94 Howard, John, 173 Hume, David, 41 Hunt, Bishop, C., Jr., 172 Hunter, John, 125, 181 Hutchinson, Sara, 36, 45, 49, 53, 59, 175, 180 Inge, W.R., 180 Jacobi, Friedrich, 135 196 Index Kant, Immanuel, 2–3, 6, 11, 36, 83, 132, 156–7, 174, 177, 183, 184 Kessler, Edward, 170, 171 Koskiusco, Thaddeus, 18, 173 La Fayette, Marie-Roch-Gilbert Motier, Marquis de, 18, 173 Lancaster, Joseph, 183 Leighton, Angela, 170, 172 Leighton, Robert, 132, 167–8, 185 Lewis, Matthew, Locke, John, 9, 83, 111 Mackintosh, Sir James, 170 Mays, J.C.C., 172, 176 McFarland, Thomas, 13, 172, 174 McGann, Jerome, 1, 4, 6, 170 Michelangelo, 108–9 Milton, John, 7, 8, 55, 82, 94–6, 103–4, 109, 143 works: Paradise Lost, 82, 84, 95–6, 135, 143, 182; ‘Sonnet XII’, 93, 179; ‘Sonnet XXII’, 86, 178 Monro, Alexander, 124, 181 Newton, Sir Isaac, 83, 109 Orsini, G.N.G., 181 Ovid, 182 Paine, Thomas, 173 Paley, Morton, 35, 174 Perkins, Mary Anne, 172 Plato, 87–8, 109, 125, 138, 139–40, 151 Plotinus, 112, 119, 155, 156, 181, 183 Poole, Thomas, 45, 125, 126, 157, 175 Pope, Alexander, 94 Priestley, Joseph, 5, 13, 111, 155, 171 Purkis, Samuel, 41 Radcliffe, Ann, Raphael, 8, 83, 109 Richter, Jean-Paul, 180 Robinson, Henry Crabb, 148, 183 Robinson, Mary, 175 Roe, Nicholas, 173, 181 Rose, Hugh, J., 117, 180 Schelling, F.W.J., 11, 13, 81–2, 112, 113, 155, 156, 180, 181, 183–4 Schiller, Friedrich, 6, 7, 8, 82, 96–7, 104, 178, 179 Shakespeare, William, 7–8, 82, 97–105, 109, 171, 179 works: Hamlet, 105, 182; King Lear, 98, 105; Othello, 98, 105; The Rape of Lucrece, 100, 103; Richard the Second, 101; Troilus and Cressida, 136–7, 182; Twelfth Night, 98; Venus and Adonis, 99, 100, 103, 179 Shelley, P.B., 2, 4, 170 Socrates, 88 Sophocles, 88 Sotheby, William, 45, 55, 175, 176 Southey, Robert, 8, 37, 52, 69, 96, 173, 174, 179 Spenser, Edmund, 98, 105 Spinoza, Benedict de, 130 Steffens, Heinrich, 112 Suther, Marshall, 180 Thelwall, John, 124, 125, 181 Thomson, James, 93 Tooke, J Horne, 30–1, 173 Tulk, C.A., 140, 182 Vallins, David, 170, 171, 172, 174, 180, 181, 184 Virgil, 94, 181, 183 Wade, Josiah, 38, 174 Wedgwood, Josiah, 176 Wedgwood, Thomas, 59, 129, 176 Wellek, René, 183 Wilson, John, 171 Wlecke, Albert, O., 3, 170 Wordsworth, Dorothy, 40 Wordsworth, William, 1, 2, 8, 41, 55, 73, 93, 106–8, 174 Index Wordsworth, William – continued works: The Excursion, 142, 181; Guide to the Lakes, 175, 176; ‘It is not to be thought of that the Flood… ’ , 104, 179; ‘Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey’, 1, 8; 197 ‘Michael’, 73; ‘Ode, Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood’, 8; The Prelude, 1, 106–8; ‘A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal’, 128, 181 ... aesthetic writings In order to understand the unity of Coleridge’s writings, or the enduring concerns expressed in the progression from the Conversation Poems to Aids to Reflection and On the Constitution... J.C.C Mays pts in vols CC 16 (2001) C&S S.T Coleridge, On the Constitution of the Church and State Ed John Barrell London: Dent, 1972 C&S (CC) S.T Coleridge, On the Constitution of the Church and... religious work, Aids to Reflection Further volumes in the series will contain more sidelights on this preoccupation Volumes on the range of his criticism, on Shakespeare and on the Bible will all refer