Burt, stephen randall jarrell and his age

Burt_00a_FM 9/12/02 1:31 PM Page i Randall Jarrell and His Age Burt_00a_FM 9/12/02 1:31 PM Page ii Photo courtesy of the Randall Jarrell Collection, Special Collections Division of Jackson Library, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro Burt_00a_FM 9/12/02 1:31 PM Page iii Randall Jarrell and His Age Stephen Burt columbia university press new york Burt_00a_FM 9/12/02 1:31 PM Page iv Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex Copyright © 2002 Columbia University Press All rights reserved My deepest thanks to Mary von Schrader Jarrell for permission to quote from previously unpublished writings by Randall Jarrell My thanks as well to Farrar, Straus & Giroux and to Faber and Faber for permission to quote from The Complete Poems by Randall Jarrell and from Notebook by Robert Lowell Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Burt, Stephen Randall Jarrell and his age / Stephen Burt p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0–231–12594–1 (cloth : alk paper) Jarrell, Randall, 1914–1965 United States—Intellectual life—20th century Poets, American—20th century—Bibliography Critics—United States— Biography I Title PS3519.A86 Z596 2002 811'.52—dc21 ∞ Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper Printed in the United States of America c 10 p 10 9 2002071257 Burt_00a_FM 9/12/02 1:31 PM Page v to Jessica Bennett say: “I am yours, Be mine!” Burt_00a_FM 9/12/02 1:31 PM Page vi This page intentionally left blank Burt_00a_FM 9/12/02 1:31 PM Page vii contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi Antechapter: Randall Jarrell’s Life Chapter 1: Jarrell’s Interpersonal Style 21 Chapter 2: Institutions, Professions, Criticism 52 Chapter 3: Psychology and Psychoanalysis 85 Chapter 4: Time and Memory 118 Chapter 5: Childhood and Youth 145 Chapter 6: Men, Women, Children, Families 182 Conclusion: “What We See and Feel and Are” 219 Notes 237 Bibliography Index 277 263 This page intentionally left blank Burt_00a_FM 9/12/02 1:31 PM Page ix acknowledgments No large research project—certainly none I could undertake—could bear fruit without the help and forbearance of many people; those thanked here are only some of them First of all I thank Mary Jarrell for the many kinds of help she has made available, in letters, in person and over the phone, and additionally through her published writings Without her assistance this book could not exist Having spent month after month in and around the Berg Collection of the New York Public Library, I owe much to it and to its staff, and especially to Stephen Crook I am also indebted to the staff and resources of other manuscript collections: to the Library of Congress, to the University of North Carolina-Greensboro, to the Beinecke Library and the Yale Review manuscript files at Yale, to the Houghton Library at Harvard, and to Kate Donahue and the University of Minnesota Langdon Hammer advised the dissertation from which this book hatched and offered as much help as any student could wish Jennifer Crewe, my editor at Columbia, provided important support and advice, as did Columbia’s two anonymous readers My student Hannah Brooks-Motl proofread the whole work at a late stage, fixed glitches, and removed a truly startling number of semicolons I am also grateful for comments, readings, advice, and assistance from Tim Alborn, Leslie Brisman, John Burt, David Bromwich, Suzanne Ferguson, Richard Flynn, Nick Halpern, John Hollander, James Longenbach, Jenn Burt_10_inx 9/12/02 1:18 PM Page 278 278 Index Armed Vision, The See Hyman, Stanley Edgar Army See war and war poems Arndt, Walter, 256n 32 Arnold, Matthew, 81 Atlas, James, 147, 179 Auden, W H., 62, 121; homosexuality in, 256n 34; influence on RJ’s poetry, 4–5, 7, 26, 151; as professional, 64–65; reaction to RJ, 238n 5; RJ as critic of, 26, 60, 64–65, 86–87, 93, 247n5; and unconscious, 86–87 Works: Age of Anxiety, The, xiii, 64, 245n 24, 247n 6; For the Time Being, 254n 19; “More Loving One, The,” 42; “New Year Letter,” 250n 38; “Mus‚e de Beaux Arts,” 227; Paid on Both Sides, 13; Shield of Achilles, The (book), 87; “Shield of Achilles, The” (poem), 134; “Spain 1937,” 26, 87; “We have brought you, they said,” 253n Austin (Texas), 7–8 Austria See Salzburg; see also German language and literature automobiles and auto racing, 14, 17, 18, 19, 162, 215–16; in photos of RJ, 254n 24 Baldwin, James, 12 Balint, Enid, 44, 123 ballet, 14 Barnard, Mary, Barrie, J M (Peter Pan), 176–77 Batterson, Camille (fictional character), 253n Bauerlein, Mark, 65–66 Beatrice (Mary Jarrell’s daughter), 14 Beck, Charlotte, xvi, 103 Beddoes, Thomas Lovell, 38 Benfey, Christopher, 37 Benjamin, Jessica, xv, 49, 120; on children, 155, 200; on love, 42; on mothers and motherhood, 213–14, 238n 7; see also recognition Bennett, Arnold, 73 Benton College, 70–81, 148, 164–66 Berg, Alban xiii, 80 Berryman, John, xiii–xiv, 211; elegy for RJ, 18; in Five Young American Poets, 7; in New York City, 11; in Nation, 12; and psychoanalysis, 85, 114, 251n 50 Berthoff, Warner, 244n 22 Bettelheim, Bruno (The Uses of Enchantment), 91 Bidart, Frank, 114 Birkerts, Sven, 55 birth trauma, 94–96, 249n 21 Bishop, Elizabeth, xi, xiii; influence on RJ’s poetry, 237n 3, 238n 8; on The Lost World, 259n 22; in New York City, 11; and Nation, 12; on “The One Who Was Different,” 27; on “The Player Piano,” 260n 30; and psychoanalysis, 85; RJ admires, xi, 7, 55; on RJ generally, 17; on “Woman,” 183 Works: “At the Fishhouses,” 136; “Crusoe in England,” 259n 22; “In the Waiting Room,” 211; “Songs for a Colored Singer,” 260n Blackmur, R P., 7, 52, Blake, William, 146 Bloom, Harold, 155 Bogan, Louise, 27 Bogart, Leo, 191 Bollas, Christopher, 84, 112, 145, 251n 46 Bollingen Prize See Jarrell, Randall, Works: “The Pound Affair” Booth, Philip, 18 Botteghe Oscure (magazine), 183 Boulder (Colorado), 13 Bourdieu, Pierre, 68–69 Brecht, Bertolt, 171, 178 Brenkman, John, 183, 188 Breyer, Amy (later de Blasio), 5–6, 19; breakup with RJ, 121; as medical student, 88; RJ’s letters to, 2, 3, 19–20, 138, 238n Bromwich, David, 28 Brooks, Cleanth, 12, 27, 58, 158, 239n 8; Understanding Poetry, 49 Brooks, Linda Marie, 237n Brooks, Peter, 213 Browning, Robert, 103, 162, 242n 36; see also dramatic monologue Burt_10_inx 9/12/02 1:18 PM Page 279 Index Burke, Kenneth, 12, 61 Burlingame, Dorothy See Freud, Anna Burt, John, 80–81 Butsch, Richard, 191 Byron, Lord (George Gordon), 1, 27 California and California locales: in “The End of the Rainbow,” 38, 113; in “Gleaning,” 116; in The Lost World, 2, 201–2, 209, 214; in “The Player Piano,” 137–38; RJ’s childhood in, xvi, 1–3, 238n 10; RJ weds Mary in, 13; in “Thinking of the Lost World,” 215, 220 Campbell, Howell, 2–4, 205 cars See automobiles case studies, psychoanalytic, 103–4 cats and kittens, 109–11, 141–43, 224, 226; see also Kitten; lion; lynx Cavell, Stanley, 161, 244n 22 celestial navigation tower, Champaign-Urbana (Illinois), 8, 13 change (mental and emotional), xiii, 49, 200–201, 230, 242n 39–40; in psychoanalysis, 112, 251n 44; see also Jarrell, Randall, Works: “The Woman at the Washington Zoo” Chanute Field (Illinois), 8, 56 Chaucer, Geoffrey, Chekhov, Anton, xvi, 14, 68 children and childhood xv, 145–81, 219, 222; and change, 49; dreams, 94, 96–99; in “The Elementary Scene,” 123–26; Freudian views of, 89–91; in “A Ghost, A Real Ghost,” 130–31; as inner self, 101–2, 118, 119; in “Moving,” 140–44; as point of view, 96–99, 140–44, 224; and RJ’s personality, 18–19; and Wordsworth, 28; 201–18, 219, 222, 224 Chodorow, Nancy, 44, 85, 140, 180; on Freud, 257n 3; on motherhood, 190, 195; on transference, 118–19 closure (in poetry), 39, 131, 136–37, 230, 241n 20 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 189, 214–15 Colorado Review, 15 279 Coming Struggle for Power, The See Strachey, John companionship, 30–32, 45–46, 96–99, 136, 142–43; Arendt on, 36; and RJ’s personality, 19–20 Constance (fictional character), 80, 148 consultant in poetry See Library of Congress consumerism See gender and gender roles, and consumerism; Jarrell, Randall, Works: “Next Day,” as social criticism; mass culture conversation See interchange of speakers; listening; speech in verse style Corbiére, Tristan, 7, 19 Corn King and the Spring Queen, The See Mitchison, Naomi Corso, Gregory, 15 Coveney, Peter, 146 Cowley, Malcolm, Crane, Hart, 10 Criterion (magazine), cross-writing (in children’s literature), 152–56, 253n Cuban missile crisis, 16, 212–14 Cultural Capital See Guillory, John Cummins, James, 133 dance, 229–30 “Dandeen.” See grandparents Dante, 202, 259n 21 David See Donatello Davidson, Donald, Davie, Donald, 246n 40, 261n 10 Davis-Monthan Field (Arizona), 8–9 death wish, 86–89, 117 De Blasio, Amy Breyer See Amy Breyer De la Mare, Walter, 7, 148–49 Dell, Floyd, 250n 33 Demos, John, 156, 182 Denney, Reuel, 54, 160 depression, 17 Derek (fictional character) See Robbins, Derek Di Capua, Michael, 15–16 Dickey, James, 28, 241n 22 dogs, 168, 206–7 Burt_10_inx 9/12/02 1:18 PM Page 280 280 Index Donatello (sculptor), 227–31 Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, 202 dramatic monologue, 47, 103, 242n 36–37 dreams, 90–102, 108–9, 116, 249nn 18–19; in The Animal Family, 199–200; in “The Bronze David,” 229; and children’s identity, 209; critics on RJ’s use of, 96, 248nn 17, 19; in “The Elementary Scene,” 124–25; in “Hope” (1963), 196; and literary history, 248nn 15–16, 18, 23; in “The Lost Children,” 185–87; in “The Night Before .,” 176, 256n 37; and value, 232 Eisenhower, Dwight, 54, 243n Eisler, Elisabeth, 13, 19 ekphrasis See visual art Elavil (drug), 16–17 Elias, Norbert, 134 Eliot, George, 246n 41 Eliot, T S.: as critic, 61, 63; as modernist poet, 26, 133; RJ’s psychoanalytic study of, 14, 88, 247n 2; RJ reads, 4, 5, Works: Four Quartets, 178–79, 257n 42; “Perfect Critic, The,” 243n 16; “Sweeney Erect,” 246n 39; “Tradition and the Individual Talent,” 61; Waste Land, The, 133, 172 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 59, 246n 39 Empson, William: influence on RJ, 7; and Nation, 12, 239n Works: Seven Types of Ambiguity, 145–46, 157, 222; Structure of Complex Words, The, 47 Engels, Friedrich, 26, 171, 240n Erikson, Erik, 52–53, 140, 149, 160 ethics, 67–70, 80, 174, 197, 221–25 ethnography, 75–76 Eugene Onegin See Pushkin, Alexander fairy tales and folk tales, 97, 171, 175–78; see also Bettelheim, Bruno; Grimm, Brothers, and Grimms’ tales families, xiii, 89–91, 144, 163, 180–81, 182–218 femininity See gender and gender roles Ferguson, Suzanne, xvi, 31, 43, 90, 170, 183, 198, 230 Fiedler, Leslie, 53, 81, 254n 26 Fish, Stanley, 52, 133 Fishman, Pamela, 41 Fitzgerald, Robert, 11, 12, 15, 17, 19 Flaubert, Gustave, Flax, Jane, 115 Flint, R W., 165 Flynn, Richard, xvi, 105, 145; on adolescence in RJ, 156–57, 163, 165, 208; on families in RJ, 182, 199; on The Lost World, 202, 208, 211, 247n 45, 259n 20; on “The Night Before .,” 175, 177; on “Thinking of the Lost World,” 218 folk tales See fairy tales and folk tales Ford, Harry, 27 Foucault, Michel, x fox, 101–2 Frank, Joseph, 133 Freud, Anna: and Dorothy Burlingame (War and Children), 34, 241n 21 Freud, Sigmund xiv, xv, 85–117, 219, 247nn 2–3; on death wish, 84; on gender, 180, 183, 188, 197 Works: Beyond the Pleasure Principle, 87; Civilization and Its Discontents, 88; Interpretation of Dreams, The, 31, 93–94; “Metapsychological Supplement to the Theory of Dreams, A,” 249n 30; “Mourning and Melancholia,” 185–86; “Observations on Transference Love,” 252n 54; “Recommendations to Physicians Practicing Psychoanalysis,” 250n 32; “Some Psychic Consequences of the Anatomical Distinction Between the Sexes,” 257n 3; Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, 250n 36; Totem and Taboo, 91 Friedenberg, Edgar Z (The Vanishing Adolescent), 164, 254n 28 Friedson, Eliot, 244n 23 Fromm, Erich, 53, Frost, Robert, xi, 28; in The Bat-Poet, 155–56, 254n 12; influence on RJ, 32, 260n 4; RJ as critic of, 7, 12, 16, 80, 226 Works: “Directive,” 226, 233; “For Once, Then, Something,” 136; “Home Burial,” 58; “Most of It, The,” 101; “Oven Bird, The,” 160 Burt_10_inx 9/12/02 1:18 PM Page 281 Index Frye, Northrop, 61 Fussell, Paul, 29, 55, 156, 240n 14 gender and gender roles, 182–201, 241n 28; in “The Bronze David,” 228–29; and consumerism, 50; critics on RJ’s depictions of, 18, 37, 257n 1; in “The Face,” 252n 3; in “A Girl in a Library,” 169; and the interpersonal, 37; and loneliness, 44–45; in “The Night Before .,” 177–78, 180–81; and psychoanalysis, 114–15, 214; and sociolinguistics, 40–41; and tomboys, 141–42; see also families; mothers and motherhood; Oedipus complex German language and literature, 150–51, 242n 34; see also Goethe, J W von; Rilke, Rainer Maria; Salzburg Gertrude (fictional character) See Johnson, Gertrude Gestalt (school of psychology), xiv, 4, 10, 85–86, 91–93 ghosts, 119, 123, 129–32, 218; see also Jarrell, Randall, Works: “A Ghost, A Real Ghost” Gilligan, Carol, 180 Ginsberg, Allen, 15 Glazer, Nathan, 54 Goethe, J W von, xii, 38, 153, 163, 171; see also Jarrell, Randall, Works: Faust, Part I Gombrich, E H., 92 Gopnik, Adam, 18 Goucher College, 17 Graff, Gerald (Professing Literature), 65 grandparents, 3, 201–16 Graves, Robert, 7, 12, 93, 150 graves and grave sites, 22, 93, 97, 168, 176–77, 225 Greenberg, Clement, 231 Greensboro (North Carolina): and Woman’s College, 12–17, 170, 256n 32; students at, 239n 10, 254n 28 Gregorovius, Ferdinand, 11 Grimm, Brothers: and Grimm’s tales, 16, 89–90 Griswold, Jerome, 156, 199, 200 281 Grossman, Allen, xv, 31, 63, 80, 240n 16; on closure, 36; on line length, 49; on RJ’s poetry, 260n 2; on time in poetry, 136–37 Groves of Academe, The See McCarthy, Mary Guillory, John (Cultural Capital), 58, 61, 68–69, 80, 244n 17 Hagenbuchle, Helen, 183, 237n 5, 248n Haggin, B H., 11, 18 Halberstam, Judith, 142 Hammer, Langdon, xvi, 41, 115, 238n 8; on professionalism, 45, 61; on “Seele im Raum,” 103 Haney, David, 68 Hardwick, Elizabeth, 246n 37 Hardy, Thomas, 68, 86 Hartman, Geoffrey: on criticism, 66, 244n 20; on “ ‘ghostly’ feeling,” 119, 123; on Wordsworth, 23, 180 Harvard University, 13, 64, 68 Hass, Robert, 18 Hecht, Anthony, Hegel, G W F., xv Hepburn, Katharine, 161 Herbert, Christopher, 75, 169 Hinchman, Lewis and Sandra, 243–44n Hofmannsthal, Hugo von See Strauss, Richard Hollander, John, 93–94 Hollywood See California and California locales; see also movies Homer, 55, 56, 86 House Beautiful (magazine), 15 Housman, A E., 5, Howard, Richard, 18 Howe, Irving, xii, 12 Hulme, T E., Hume-Fogg High School, Hyman, Stanley Edgar (The Armed Vision), 64 identity See personal identity; see also interpersonal, the (intersubjectivity) Iliad See Homer Burt_10_inx 9/12/02 1:18 PM Page 282 282 Index institutions, xiv, 52–84 interchange of speakers (in verse style), 34–41, 105–6, 111–15, 152, 172, 206–7 interpersonal, the (intersubjectivity), xiv, 21–51, 93, 130, 218, 229–35; and families, 187–88; in The Lost World, 209, 214; in “Moving,” 142–143; and personal identity, 118–19, 123; and psychoanalysis, 106, 111–12, 115; and reading, 63; and time, 223; see also play; recognition interruptions (in verse style), 34, 38–41, 47, 222, 234–35 intersubjectivity See interpersonal, the (intersubjectivity) Iron Heel, The See London, Jack isolation (of modern poet), 23–24, 93, 154, 240n 7; see also loneliness Italy, 15, 43–44, 261n James, Henry, 12 Jargon (magazine) See Williams, Jonathan Jarman, Mark, 37 Jarrell, Anna Campbell (later Regan; RJ’s mother), 1–4, 195, 238n Jarrell, Charles (RJ’s brother), 1, 238n Jarrell, Mackie Langham (RJ’s first wife), 8–9, 12–13, 56, 156, 239n Jarrell, Mary von Schrader, xvi, 36–37; life with RJ, 13–19, 194, 212; and “The Lost Children,” 185; and “The Meteorite,” 42; and Pictures, 245n 33; and Remembering Randall, 18–19; on RJ’s early life, 2, 3, 238n Jarrell, Owen (RJ’s father), 1–2 Jarrell, Randall: in Army, 8–9; as children’s writer, 153–56; creates own verse style, 23–27, 32–33, 121; critics on, xv–xvi, 18–19, 23; death of, 17; distinguished from peers, xiii–xiv, 112–16; early life, 2–4; elegies for, 18, 161–62; first marriage, 8; in Greensboro, 12–17; identifies with psychoanalysts, 85, 102–3, 106–11; at Kenyon, 6–7; love poems, 41–42; and long poems, 178–80; marriage to Mary, 13; in New York City, 10–12; as poetry critic, 55, 58–70, 220–22; as reviewer, 7; as social critic, 52–55, 81–84, 164–65; on soldiers, 29–31, 35–36, 56–57, 156–57; speech in poetry of, 32–34, 39–40; at Vanderbilt, 4–6; in Washington, D.C., 14–15; and Wordsworth, 27–29; see also Arendt, Hannah; Auden, W H.; children and childhood; Frost, Robert; gender and gender roles; interpersonal, the (intersubjectivity); Jarrell, Mary von S.; Proust, Marcel; readers and reading; Rilke, Rainer Maria; style, in prose; style, in verse; time; value; war and war poems; Wordsworth, William Works: Books: Anchor Book of Stories, 14 Animal Family, The, 16, 19, 192, 199–201; critics on, 258nn 14–17 Bat-Poet, The, 16, 146, 153–56, 199, 226; critics on, 253–54nn 10–12 Blood for a Stranger, Complete Poems, 17 Faust, Part I (Goethe), xvi, 15, 17 Five Young American Poets, Fly-by-Night, 16, 191, 258n 10 Gingerbread Rabbit, The, 16 Letters of Randall Jarrell, The, 17 Little Friend, Little Friend, Losses, 9–10 Lost World, The, 16, 17, 89, 183, 217, 247n Pictures from an Institution xiv, 14, 70–81, 221; and Arendt, 11, 245n 33; and “Field and Forest,” 99; and Mary McCarthy, see McCarthy, Mary; and Sarah Lawrence College, 11, 246n 34; and “Seele im Raum,” 46; and youth, 147–48, 164–65 Poetry and the Age, 14, 25, 165, 220 Sad Heart at the Supermarket, A (book), 15, 81–84, 162, 167, 247n 45 Selected Poems (1955), 14, 166 Seven-League Crutches, The, 13, 44, 240n 17, 251n 47 Snow White, 16 Burt_10_inx 9/12/02 1:18 PM Page 283 Index Three Sisters, The (Chekhov), xvi, 14 Woman at the Washington Zoo, The 15, 107, 251n 47 Poems: “Aging,” 160–61, 254n 22 “Bad Music, The” 7, 28 “Ballad of the Sheik who Lost his Shine, The” (unpublished), “Black Swan, The,” 96–99; critics on, 249nn 26–27; and dreams, 102, 112, 116, 176; repeated words in, 98–99, 132; sources, 249n 26; and transference, 108, 112 “Bronze David of Donatello, The,” 227–30, 232, 261nn 8–9 “Carnegie Library, Juvenile Division, The,” “Childhood” (Rilke), 146 “Children’s Arms,” see Lost World, The (poetic sequence) “Children Selecting Books in a Library,” 49 “Christmas Roses, The,” 7, 32–34, 36, 127 “City, City!” 93, 223 “Conversation with the Devil, A,” 47 “Country Life, A,” 242n 38 “Dead Wingman, The,” 30–32, 38, 112 “Death of the Ball Turret Gunner, The,” xi, 94–96, 249nn 20–22 “Deutsch Durch Freud,” 150–51 “Difficult Resolution, The,” 88 “Dream of Waking, The,” 156 “Dreams,” 93 “Eighth Air Force,” 157–59, 174, 254–55nn 17–21 “Elementary Scene, The,” 22, 123–28, 146, 252n “Emancipators, The,” 240n 12 “End of the Rainbow, The,” 14; and adolescence, 161, 163; and the interpersonal, 113–14; and play, 149–50; and quotations, 38; and value in art, 232 “Esthetic Theories: Art as Expression,” 25 “Face, The,” 127–28, 130, 180, 252nn 3–4 283 “Faded” (Rilke), 128, 252n “Field and Forest,” 99–102, 109, 112, 249n 28; and childhood, 146, 206; and The Lost World, 206 “Field Hospital, A,” 95–97 “Fir Tree, The.” See “Hope,” 1963 (“To prefer the nest .”) “From All the Hands .,” 17 “Front, A,” 30, 38, 240n 12 “Game at Salzburg, A,” 105, 152, 207, 250nn 34–35 “Ghost, A Real Ghost, A,” 129–33, 137, 140, 241n 25; critics on, 252n 5; publication history, 252n “Girl in a Library, A,” 100, 145, 166–71, 255n 29–256n 33 “Gleaning,” 116–117, 118, 121–122, 131 “Goodbye, Wendover; Goodbye, Mountain Home,” 135 “Grown-Up, The” (Rilke), 146–47, 227 “Hohensalzburg,” 103, 129 “Hope,” 1947 (“The week is dealt .”), 135, 151 “Hope,” 1963 (“To prefer the nest .”), 2, 192–99, 258n 11 “Hunt in the Black Forest, A,” 89, 102, 116, 248n 13 “In Galleries,” 43, 45, 231, 241n 32 “In Nature There Is Neither Right Nor Left Nor Wrong,” 183–84, 187 “In the Ward: The Sacred Wood,” 249n 19 “Island, The,” 240n 17 “Jamestown,” 41, 234 “Jerome,” 15, 107–12, 130, 132, 234, 250nn 37–41 “King’s Hunt, The.” See “A Hunt in the Black Forest” “Knight, Death, and the Devil, The,” 260n “Lady Bates,” 32 “Lament of the Children of Israel” (Gregorovius), 11 “Lonely Man, The” 13, 37, 188 “Losses,” 22, 156, 159, 223, 243n 11 “Lost Children, The,” 185–88, 210, 222, 223; critics on, 258n Burt_10_inx 9/12/02 1:18 PM Page 284 284 Index Lost World, The (poetic sequence), xv, 192, 201–15, 226; and animals, 109–10, 206–8, 210–11; and California, 202–3, 207–9; critics on, 259nn 18–24; sources for, “Mail Call,” 123, 131 “Man In Majesty,” 230–31 “Man Meets a Woman in the Street, A,” 41–42, 47, 252n “Man Who Was Born and Died in New York City, The” 10 “Memoirs of Gl–ckel of Hameln, The,” 150 “Meteorite, The,” 42, 241n 31 “Moving,” 32, 109, 140–43, 146, 253nn 10–11 “Next Day,” 21–22, 28, 29, 31–33, 37; critics on, 239nn 1–2; and “The Face,” 128; and “Gleaning,” 117; and psychoanalysis, 103; and repeated words, 22, 47, 132; as social criticism, 49–51, 83 “Night Before the Night Before Christmas, The,” 32, 145, 171–80; and “The Bronze David,” 228–29; critics on, 256n 35, 256–57nn 37–39; mirrors in, 37; and quotations, 38; and value, 221, 224, 234 “Night With Lions, A.” See Lost World, The (poetic sequence) “1914,” 223 “90 North,” 7, 23–25; abstraction in, 41; and “The Christmas Roses,” 33; and modernism, 25; and psychoanalysis, 104; as RJ’s first successful poem, 23, 127, 130, 239n 4; and “Thinking of the Lost World,” 215, 217 “Now night braids with her fingers .” (unpublished), 253n “Old and the New Masters, The,” 227, 231, 260n “O My Name It Is Sam Hall,” 134 “One Who Was Different, The,” 27, 104–5 “Orestes at Tauris,” 257n 41 “Orient Express, The,” 46–47, 103, 150 “Owl’s Bedtime Story, The,” 192–93 “Patient Leading the Patient, The,” 25, 173 “Perfectly Free Association, A,” 38 “Pilot from the Carrier, A,” 30 “Player Piano, The,” 137–40; Bishop on, 140, 260n 30; and listening, 28, 140, 216, 222; and “The Lost Children,” 187; and “Moving,” 142; and personal identity, 203; and play, 137, 149, 187; repeated words in, 137, 222 “Prayer at Morning, A,” 89 “Prisoners,” 56 “Protocols,” 28 “Quilt Pattern, A,” 89, 197–98, 237n 4, 248n 11 “Randall Jarrell Office Hours 10–11,” “Refugees, The,” 88 “Sayings of the Bloksberg Post,” 88 “School of Summer, The,” 91–92 “Second Air Force,” 156 “Seele im Raum,” 44–49, 123; critics on, 241n 33; and “The Lost Children,” 187; and psychoanalysis, 103, 105, 112; sources, 45–46, 242n 34 “Sick Child, A,” 105, 151–52, 172, 253n “Sick Nought, The,” 29, 49, 120 “Siegfried,” 223 “Sign, The,” 224 “Skaters, The,” 240n 12 “Sleeping Beauty: Variation on the Prince,” 89, 190 “Snow Leopard, The,” 224–25 “Soldier Walks Under the Trees of the University, The,” 25–26 “Sphinx’s Riddle to Oedipus, The,” 106–7 “Story, A,” 135, 253n “Street Off Sunset, A.” See Lost World, The (poetic sequence) “Survivor Among Graves, The,” 223 “Terms,” 93–94, 224–25 “Thinking of the Lost World,” 37, 122, 215–18, 219–22, 233; and The Lost World, 259n 18 “Times Worsen, The,” 256n 36 “To Be Dead,” 40, 241n 30 “Tower, The,” 26, 240n “Transient Barracks,” 35–38, 41, 241n 23 “Truth, The,” 28, 33–34, 103, 241n 22 “Unicorn, The” (Rilke), 45 “Variations,” 151 Burt_10_inx 9/12/02 1:18 PM Page 285 Index “Venetian Blind, The,” 105, 120 “Washing,” 225–26 “Well Water,” 135–37, 139 “What’s the Riddle .,” 152 “When, lit as in a painting .,” 232–35 “Wide Prospect, The,” 243n 10 “Wild Birds, The,” 83–84, 110 “Windows,” 89, 188–92, 196; critics on, 258n “Woman,” 183 “Woman at the Washington Zoo, The,” xiii, 22, 47–49, 110–12, 123; and gender, 184; as modern reader, 47–48; RJ’s essay on, 87, 110; and sex, 116; and Washington, D.C., 15, 110–11 Essays: “About Popular Culture,” 27, 81 “Against Abstract Expressionism,” 227–29, 259n “Age of Criticism, The,” 59, 62–69, 72, 165–66, 179, 246n 36 “Age of the Chimpanzee, The.” See “Against Abstract Expressionism” “Bad Poets,” 220 “Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens, The,” 14, 69 “Development of Yeats’ Sense of Reality, The,” 254n 25 “End of the Line, The,” 24, 27, 154, 240n 11 “Fifty Years of American Poetry,” 16, 212, 247n “Freud to Paul,” 60 “Intellectual in America, The,” 247n 44 introduction to The Man Who Loved Children (Stead), 16, 67, 187 lectures on Auden (unpublished), 62, 64 lecture on libraries (unpublished), 2, 165 “Levels and Opposites,” 7, 92, 133 “Love and Poetry,” 164 “Malraux and the Statues at Bamberg,” 66, 92, 227 National Book Awards address See “About Popular Culture” “Obscurity of the Poet, The” 13, 54, 242n 1; prose style in, 60, 67–68; and 285 reading, 173; and value, 223; on Wordsworth, 27 “Poets, Critics, and Readers,” 66–67, 72, 102, 165 “Pound Affair, The,” 77, 178–79 “Reactionary Intellectual, The” (unpublished), “Robert Frost’s ‘Home Burial,’ ” 58 “Sad Heart at the Supermarket, A” (essay) 48, 50 “Schools of Yesteryear, The,” 153 “Stories,” 240n 15 “Taste of the Age, The,” 15, 166, 173, 191 “Why Particulars Are So Much More Effective Than Generalities” (unpublished), 33 See also De la Mare, Walter; Frost, Robert; Ransom, John Crowe; Stead, Christina; Stevens, Wallace; Whitman, Walt; Williams, William Carlos Jenks, Chris, 71, 147 Jerome, Saint See Jarrell, Randall, Works: “Jerome” Jews and Judaism, xvi, 238n 10 Johnson, Gertrude (fictional character), 46, 70–76, 78, 253n 4; models for, 72, 246n 34 Joyce, James, 133, 176 Jung, Carl, 237n 5, 248n Kafka, Franz, 12, 18 Kalstone, David, 146 Kant, Immanuel, 67 Kateb, George, 243n Keats, John, 42 Keenan, Thomas, 191 Kees, Weldon, 12 Kennedy, John Fitzgerald, 16, 213 Kenyon College, 6–8, 11, 161 Kenyon Review, 7, 240n 8, 246n 34 Kermode, Frank, 230–31 Kim See Kipling, Rudyard Kinzie, Mary, xvii, 137, 163, 188; on dreams, 96; on “The Elementary Scene,” 106; on “A Game at Salzburg,” 106 Burt_10_inx 9/12/02 1:18 PM Page 286 286 Index Kipling, Rudyard, 16, 18, 67, 171 Works: Kim, 67, 72; Stalky & Co., 172; “ ‘They,’ ” 258n Kitten, 8, 10–12, 18, 110, 250n 42 Klein, Melanie, 89, 102, 190, 194, 237n4 Knoepflemacher, U C., 152–53 Koffka, Kurt, 91–92 Köhler, Wolfgang, 91–93, 222, 249n 29, 261n Kramer, Lawrence, 112 Kristeva, Julia, 139 Lakoff, Robin Tolmach, 39–41 Langbaum, Robert, 47 Langer, Suzanne K., 244n 21 Langham, Mackie See Jarrell, Mackie Langham Laughlin, James, 7, 257n 40 Lesser, Wendy, 151 letters See mail and mail delivery Lévinas, Emmanuel, xv, 26, 68 Lewis, Wyndham, liberalism, 178–79, 221 libraries, 2, 165–67, 171, 206–7, 229 Library of Congress, 14–15 lions, 109–10; club, 172; MGM lion (“Tawny”), 203, 208, 210; Saint Jerome’s, 109–10, 250n 41 listeners and listening, 24, 28–47, 232, 235; in The Animal Family, 199; in The Bat-Poet, 154; and Gottfried Rosenbaum, 76; to music, 76, 134–35, 140; in “The Player Piano,” 139–40; in psychoanalysis, 103–6, 108, 114–15, 139 Loewald, Hans, 119 London, Jack (The Iron Heel), 172 loneliness, 26, 49–51, 143; in The Animal Family, 199; and art, 232, 235; in The Bat-Poet, 154; and totalitarianism, 57; and verse style, 32, 44–47; in “Windows,” 188–90; see also isolation (of modern poet) Lonely Crowd, The See Riesman, David Longenbach, James, xvi, 41, 171, 178, 238n Los Angeles See California and California locales Lost World, The (film), 201–2; see also Jarrell, Randall, Works: Lost World, The (poetic sequence) Lost World, The (novel) See Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan Louie (fictional character) See Stead, Christina Lowell, Robert, xiv, 9–11, 15–20, 161, 211; fame of, 1; at Kenyon College, 6–7; and psychoanalysis, 112–14; and Second World War, 159, 255n 21 Works: “Dunbarton,” 112–13; “For the Union Dead,” 207–8; “Grandparents,” 260n 28; Life Studies, 112, 215, 251nn 47–49; Lord Weary’s Castle, 10; Mills of the Kavanaughs, The, 251n 47; “Randall Jarrell 1914–1965” (poem), 161–62, 254n 23 Lowenthal, Leo, 53 lynx, 109, 111, 199–201 lyric (as genre), xii, 47 Lyric Suite See Berg, Alban Macauley, Robie, Macdonald, Dwight, 53, 81, 160 Macleish, Archibald, 12, 27 MacNiece, Louis, 7, 11, 151 Mademoiselle (magazine), 15 mail and mail delivery, 13, 135, 151, 201, 210 Malraux, André, 66, 92, 227, 250n 41 Mann, Thomas, 221 Man Who Loved Children, The See Stead, Christina Marshall, Margaret, 10, 12, 158 Marx, Karl, and Marxism, 5, 8, 205; and modernist poetry, 25–26; in “The Night Before .,” 171, 173, 176, 178; and RJ’s verse style, 7, 10, 56 Works: Communist Manifesto, 38; Capital, 179 masculinity See gender and gender roles Masquerader (Vanderbilt humor magazine), 4, mass culture, 15, 81–84, 247nn 44–45; and families, 188–92; and The Lost World, 259n 20; and teenagers, 162–63 Burt_10_inx 9/12/02 1:18 PM Page 287 Index May, Elaine Tyler, 190–91 Mazzaro, Jerome, 24 McCarthy, Mary, 11, 53, 72, 246n 34; Groves of Academe, The, 72, 246n 35 Melson, Gail, 110 Merrill, James, 108, 260n 27 meter See rhythm and meter Michelangelo, 225, 233, 261n 10 Miller, Alice, 195, 238n 3, 249n 31 Milosz, Czeslaw, 251n 43 Milton, John, 153 mirrors, 36–37, 139, 217; in “The Bronze David,” 229; critics on, 36–37, 241n 25; in “A Ghost, A Real Ghost,” 129–30; in “The Night Before .,” 37, 174–75; and photographs, 187 “Miss Emily and the Bibliographer,” see Tate, Allen Mitchell, Juliet, 180 Mitchison, Naomi (The Corn King and the Spring Queen), 170–71, 256n 34 modernism, 23–26, 176, 240n 7, 244nn 18–19; and dance, 230–31; and long poems, 171, 178–79; and time, 133 Monroe, Keith, 59 Moore, Marianne, 7, 12, 17, 166, 245n 30 Morgan, Constance (fictional character) See Constance Morrison, Claudia, 248n 15, 250n 33 Moses, W R., mothers and motherhood, 182–202; in The Animal Family, 258n 17; in The Bat-Poet, 154; Jessica Benjamin on, 214, 257n 5; in “The Night Before .,” 175, 177; in popular culture, 258n 12; in psychoanalysis, 89, 183–84, 214, 258n 13; see also Jarrell, Anna Campbell (later Regan) movies, 82, 202 music, 76–78, 92, 134–35, 137–38, 163; see also Haggin, B H Myers, Mitzi, 152–53 Naegele, Kaspar, 160 Nashville (Tennessee), 2–6, 202, 210, 214 Nation (magazine): and Arendt, 11, 53; politics in, 26, 74, 158; RJ as editor at, 10–12; RJ writes for, 5, 7, 26, 149, 220 287 New Directions (publisher) See Laughlin, James New Republic (magazine), 5, New York City, 10–11 New Yorker, The, 156 New York Times and New York Times Book Review, 10, 15, 17, 27, 153 Nietzsche, Friedrich, Nijinsky, Vaslav, 77 Nodelman, Perry, 154 novel, the, 47, 77 object relations (school of psychoanalysis), xv, 115–16, 118–19, 237n 4, 238n 7; and The Bat-Poet, 155; and clinical practice, 102; and The Lost World, 211, 213; see also Winnicott, D W Odin (Norse god), 212 O’Donnell, George Marion, 5, Oedipus complex and oedipal desire, 188, 197–98; in Berryman and Lowell, 114; in “A Hunt,” 89–91; and “The Sphinx’s Riddle,” 106–7 old age See age, aging, and old age Organization Man, The See Whyte, William H Origins of Totalitarianism See Arendt, Hannah Orwell, George, 12 other-direction, 54–55, 163–64, 166, 243n 5; see also Riesman, David Owen, Wilfred, 249n 25 Parfit, Derek, 122 Parsons, Talcott, 65, 71 Partisan Review, 7, 27, 54, 246n 34, 246n 37 Paul, Saint (apostle), 10, 206 Peltason, Timothy, 52 Person, Ethel, 115 personal identity (in philosophy), 119–32, 146, 174, 203; see also recognition Peter Pan See Barrie, J M pets See cats; dogs; Kitten Piotrkowski, Chaya, 188 Pitkin, Hanna, 53–56, 242n 3, 246n 42 Plath, Sylvia, 17 Burt_10_inx 9/12/02 1:18 PM Page 288 288 Index play, 149–50, 200–201; in “Hope” (1963), 192–93, 195; in “The Lost Children,” 187; in The Lost World, 203–4, 207–8, 210–14; in “The Player Piano,” 138 PMLA, 8, 245n 25 politics and political writing, 25–26, 77–78, 174, 176, 178–81, 221; see also liberalism; Marx, Karl, and Marxism “Pop.” See grandparents Pope, Alexander, 151, 167, 245n 29 Pound, Ezra, 5, 26, 77, 178–79; Pisan Cantos, 178–79, 257n 40 Princeton, 13, 188 Pritchard, William, xvi, 18, 25, 62, 140 Professing Literature See Graff, Gerald professions and professionalism, 25, 52–70, 79–81, 205, 243–44nn 16–20, 244n 23; and families, 190; in “Field and Forest,” 98–101; in “Jerome,” 107–08, 110; Wolfgang Köhler on, 249n 29 prose style See style, in prose Proust, Marcel, xv, 125–27; on aging, 132; allusions to, 68, 252n 2; on art, 223; and The Lost World and “Thinking of the Lost World,” 209, 215–16, 259nn 24, 26; on recognition, 252n 6; RJ reads, psychoanalysis, xiv, 84, 85–117, 118–19, 213; and motherhood, 190, 197–98, 201; and “The Player Piano,” 139–40; see also Benjamin, Jessica; Chodorow, Nancy; Freud, Sigmund; Klein, Melanie; object relations; Oedipus complex; transference; Winnicott, D W psychology (experimental), 4–5, 91–93 Pushkin, Alexander (Eugene Onegin), 166–71, 255n 32, 259n 23 Pyle, Ernie, 35, 158, 254n 20 Quinn, Sister Bernetta, 90, 99 Quinney, Laura, 128 quotations, in verse style, 37–38, 183, 241n 27 rabbits, 210–11 Rank, Otto, 94; see also birth trauma Ransom, John Crowe: and Nation, 12; on professionalism, 61–62; on RJ’s poetry, 239n 6; as RJ’s teacher, 4–7; thinks RJ Jewish, 238n 10; RJ writes about, 149 Rasmussen, Sona (fictional character), 79–80 Rawls, John, 174 readers and reading, 55, 59–70, 229; by children, 172, 254n 26; and dramatic monologue, 47–49; and mass culture, 165–66; in Pictures, 76, 80–81; see also libraries recognition, xv, 26–29, 41–48, 217; in art, 31–32, 80, 232, 235; in “The Lost Children,” 187; and philosophy, 122; in “The Player Piano,” 139–40; and psychoanalysis, 119; in Proust, 127, 252n 6; see also Benjamin, Jessica; interpersonal, the (intersubjectivity) Regan, Anna See Jarrell, Anna Campbell repeated words: in “The Black Swan,” 98–99; critics on, 242n 39; in “Hope” (1963), 198; in “Jerome,” 109; in “The Lost Children,” 186; in The Lost World, 204–8, 210; in “Next Day,” 22, 50; in “The Night Before ,” 176; in “The Player Piano,” 137–39; in “A Sick Child,” 151; in verse style, 24, 118, 132–43; in “Well Water,” 137; in “When, as in a painting .,” 234 repetitions See repeated words reviewing (of books), 7, 59–60; see also readers and reading; style, in prose rhyme and rhyme schemes: in “A Field Hospital,” 96; in The Lost World, 204–6, 212, 217; in “Moving,” 143; terza rima, 143, 192, 204–6 rhythm and meter, 32, 39, 92, 98, 124, 161, 240n 17 Rich, Adrienne, 16, 17, 221–22; on motherhood, 185, 186, 190, 196; as source for “Gleaning,” 252n 55 Burt_10_inx 9/12/02 1:18 PM Page 289 Index Richards, I A., 61 Ricoeur, Paul, 26, 120–23 Riesman, David (The Lonely Crowd), 53–55, 149, 163, 165–67; on adolescence, 254n 28; on art, 254n 27; on RJ, 246n 36 Rilke, Rainer Maria, 11, 84, 93, 106, 130, 160; on childhood, 253n Works: “Archaic Torso of Apollo,” 228; “Childhood,” 146; “Faded,” 128, 252n 3; “Grown-Up, The,” 146–47, 227; Sonnets to Orpheus, 61; “The Unicorn,” 45–46 Robbins, Bruce, 52 Robbins, Derek (fictional character), 147–48, 253n Robbins, Dwight (fictional character), 70–72, 74, 99, 147, 165 Rogers, Katharine, 110 Rollin, Lucy, 156, 163 Romanticism, xii, 24–25, 27, 230, 240n 11; and childhood, 145 Rosenbaum, Gottfried (fictional character), 76–77, 86, 245n 33, 253n Rosenbaum, Irene (fictional character), 76–78, 80, 245n 33 Rosenberg, Bernard, 53 Rosenberg, Harold, 243n Rosenkavalier See Strauss, Richard Sachs, Hanns, 86, 88 Salzburg (Austria), 13, 105–6 Sarah Lawrence College, 11, 70, 72, 148, 246n 34 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 12 satire, 78 Schafer, Roy, 104 Schapiro, Barbara, 28 Schechtman, Marya, 122–23 Schwartz, Delmore, xvi, 25, 85, 114 science fiction: and aliens, 15–152; and androids, 78–79; and The Lost World, 210, 213–16; RJ as reader of, 4, 79, 246n 43 sculpture, 79–80, 227–31; see also visual art Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, 18, 251n 44 289 Seminar in American Civilization See Salzburg Sendak, Maurice, 16, 146 sentimentality, 28, 33 sestina, 109, 133, 135, 253n Shakespeare, William, 48, 103, 204 Works: Hamlet, 215; sonnets, 48, 242n 38; Taming of the Shrew, The, 90 Shapiro, Karl: on mass culture, 81; on RJ, xvi, 17, 32, 41, 57–58; as war poet, 10 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 94 Sheppard Field (Texas), Simpson, David, 52 Skolnick, A., 188 Skura, Meredith, 100, 105, 110, 119 Smith, Barbara Herrnstein, 39; see also closure Snodgrass, W D., 13 social criticism, 52–58, social, the, 53, 242n 3; and children, 147; and families, 182, 190, 214; and mass culture, 80–81; and “The Night Before .,” 172; and Pictures, 70–71, 78; and RJ’s criticism, 58, 61 social psychology (discipline), 49 sociolinguistics, 39–41, 241nn 28–29 sociology, 54–55, 57, 147, 160, 188 soldiers See war and war poems Sontag, Susan, 18 Southern Review (journal), 4, 7, 125 Southern writing, xvi, Spacks, Patricia Meyer, 159–60, 166 specialists and specialization See professions speech, in verse style, 7, 22–24, 32–41, 47; of children, 150–52; in “The Christmas Roses,” 240n 18; and psychoanalysis, 104–6; of soldiers, 9; and time, 133–135; in “Windows,” 190; and Wordsworth, 28 Spender, Stephen, 32 Spenser, Edmund, squirrels, 135–36, 161, 193, 195, 198; in “The Night Before .,” 172–74, 176–77 Stafford, Jean, 246n 34 Burt_10_inx 9/12/02 1:18 PM Page 290 290 Index Stapledon, Olaf, Starr, Sara, 148, 253n stars, 97, 124, 126, 141–42 Stead, Christina (The Man Who Loved Children), 16, 150, 187; Louie (character), 148, 165, 172, 174 Steedman, Carolyn, 103–4, 146, 260n 29 Stephens, James, 153 Stevens, Wallace, 7, 28, 69, 218, 260n 31 Stevenson, Adlai, 54, 243n Strachey, John (The Coming Struggle for Power), 171, 175 Strauss, Richard, Ariadne auf Naxos, 18; Rosenkavalier, 252n Strychasz, Thomas, 244n 19 style, in prose, 58–64, 67–70, 243n 14 style, in verse, 21–51, 112–15, 127, 133–44, 222, 239n 3; Donald Davie on, 261n 10; see also interchange of speakers; interruptions; quotations; repeated words; rhyme; rhythm and meter; speech Sullivan, Harry Stack, 248n 11 Tate, Allen, 4–9, 238n 10; and criticism, 61–62; “Miss Emily and the Bibliographer,” 65–66, 245n 25 Tatyana Larina (“Tanya”) See Pushkin, Alexander Taylor, Charles, xii, 34, 236n Taylor, Eleanor Ross, 12, 15, 19; elegy for RJ, 18; A Wilderness of Ladies, 15, 150, 184, 257n Taylor, Peter, 5–6, 11–12, 15–17, 19–20, 93 teenagers, 160, 162–64, 166–68, 171; see also adolescence television, 81, 189, 191–92 Tennessee See Nashville tennis, 6, 19, 58, 239n 12 terza rima See Dante; rhyme and rhyme schemes thanatos See death wish Thomas, Dylan, Thurston, Michael, 207 time (in poetry), xiv, 118–43, 222–24, 234–35; in “Aging,” 161; in “The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner,” 95, 249n 24; in experimental psychology, 253n Time (magazine), 10 Tocqueville, Alexis de, 247n 44 Tolstoy, Leo totalitarianism, 57 transference, 108, 111, 118–19, 139–40, 195–98 translations, xvi, 238n 11, 253n 3; see also titles of individual translations under Jarrell, Randall, Works Travisano, Thomas, xiii, xvi, 7, 211, 249n 31 Trilling, Lionel, 53, 106, 114, 251n 51 Trollope, Anthony, 75 Tucker, Herbert, 47 Tucson (Arizona), 8, 158 unconscious, the, 85–117, 118; see also psychoanalysis Understanding Poetry See Brooks, Cleanth; Warren, Robert Penn Unitas, Johnny, 17 University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign See ChampaignUrbana University of North CarolinaGreensboro See Greensboro University of Texas-Austin See Austin (Texas) Uses of Enchantment, The See Bettelheim, Bruno vagueness, 104–5 value (aesthetic, ethical, philosophical), 91–92, 178–79, 219–27, 232–35, 245n 32; Köhler on, 261n 7; see also readers and reading Van den Haag, Ernest, 53, 81 Vanderbilt University, 4, 91 Van der Goes, Hugo, 228 Vanishing Adolescent, The See Friedenberg, Edgar Vendler, Helen, 85, 116, 184, 247n 2, 251n 50, 251n 53 verse style See style, in verse visual art, xv, 43–44, 79–80, 227–35, 241n 32, 260n Burt_10_inx 9/12/02 1:18 PM Page 291 Index Vogue (magazine), 14 Von Schrader, Mary See Jarrell, Mary von Schrader Wagner, Richard, 171, 205 Walker, David, 150 War and Children See Freud, Anna war and war poems, 8–9, 29–35, 238n 9, 240n 14; adolescence in, 156–59, 254n 15; dreams in, 93–96; and institutions, 55–57, 71, 76; “Mail Call,” 123; “O My Name It Is Sam Hall,” 134–35; and value, 222–24 Warren, Robert Penn, 4–5, 17, 19, 27; and Nation, 12; Understanding Poetry, 49 Washington, D C., 14–15, 49; see also Jarrell, Randall, Works: “Jerome,” “The Woman at the Washington Zoo”; Library of Congress; White House Conference on the Arts Washington Post (newspaper), 15 Watson, Robert, 19, 205 White House Conference on the Arts, 16, 212 Whitman, Walt, 12 Whittaker, Flo (fictional character), 74–76, 78, 246n 37 Whittaker, Jerrold (fictional character), 74–76, 78 Whittaker, John (fictional character), 78–79 Whyte, William H (The Organization Man), 50, 53, 54, 70, 242n 42 Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahr (Goethe) See Goethe, J W von Williams, Garth, 16 Williams, Jonathan, 15 Williams, Oscar, 72 Williams, Raymond, 247n 44 291 Williams, William Carlos, 7, 11, 12, 178 Works: Paterson, 178–79 Williamson, Alan, xvi, 24, 85, 89, 102, 188, 237n 4; on adolescence, 174 Wilson, Edmund, 5, 26 Winnicott, D W xv, 48, 129–30, 213–14; on adolescence, 158–59, 175; on mirrors, 129–30, 175; and “Moving,” 143, 253n 11 Works: “Transitional Objects and Potential Spaces,” 102, 143, 249n 31 Winters, Yvor, 5, 12 Wolheim, Richard, 120, 126 Woolf, Virginia, 73, 75 Woman’s College (North Carolina) See Greensboro women See gender and gender roles Wordsworth, William, xiv, 27–29, 179–80, 240nn 10–13, 245n 31; and childhood, 102, 146–47; and reading, 55, 67, 245n 28; RJ on, 27, 55, 152, 194 Works: Excursion, The, 27, 240n 12; preface to Lyrical Ballads, 27, 68; Prelude, The, 23, 27–28, 61, 86, 240n 12; “Resolution and Independence,” 28; “Tintern Abbey” (“Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey”), 28; “We Are Seven,” 28 Wrong, Dennis, 54 Yale Review (journal), 14 Yeats, William Butler, 7, 68, 163, 254n 25 youth See adolescence; children and childhood; teenagers Zaretsky, Eli, 85 Zoo See animals; Jarrell, Randall, Works: “Jerome,” “The Woman at the Washington Zoo” This page intentionally left blank ... The Complete Poems by Randall Jarrell and from Notebook by Robert Lowell Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Burt, Stephen Randall Jarrell and his age / Stephen Burt p cm Includes... they remain a part of his work that readers should not ignore This page intentionally left blank Burt_00a_FM 9/12/02 1:31 PM Page xix Randall Jarrell and His Age This page intentionally left... Page Antechapter: Randall Jarrell s Life Mary describes the young Randall as “easily bored” and therefore constantly active: besides his constant and voracious reading, Randall was also, by age