Love and Death in Goethe: “One and Double” Studies in German Literature, Linguistics, and Culture Edited by James Hardin (South Carolina) Disclaimer: Some images in the printed version of this book are not available for inclusion in the eBook To view the image on this page please refer to the printed version of this book Goethe’s poem “Ginkgo biloba,” in Goethe’s handwriting and with crossed ginkgo leaves pasted at the bottom by him Courtesy of the Anton and Katharina Kippenberg Foundation, Düsselldorf Love and Death in Goethe “One and Double” Ellis Dye CAMDEN HOUSE Copyright © 2004 Ellis Dye All Rights Reserved Except as permitted under current legislation, no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded, or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner First published 2004 by Camden House Camden House is an imprint of Boydell & Brewer Inc 668 Mt Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA www.camden-house.com and of Boydell & Brewer Limited PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK www.boydell.co.uk ISBN: 1–57113–300–3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dye, Ellis, 1936– Love and death in Goethe: one and double / Ellis Dye p cm — (Studies in German literature, linguistics, and culture) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 1–57113–300–3 (hardcover : alk paper) Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749–1832 — Criticism and interpretation Love in literature Death in literature I Title II Series: Studies in German literature, linguistics, and culture (Unnumbered) PT2177.D94 2004 832'.6—dc22 2004014264 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library This publication is printed on acid-free paper Printed in the United States of America Disclaimer: Some images in the printed version of this book are not available for inclusion in the eBook To view these images please refer to the printed version of this book For Carol Contents Abbreviations Acknowledgments Introduction 1: xi xiii Issues: Some Implications of the Link between Love and Death 16 2: Incorporating Tradition 41 3: Frau Welt Venereal Disease Femmes Fatales 62 4: Die Leiden des jungen Werthers 79 5: Stella: Ein Schauspiel für Liebende 97 6: Intrusions of the Supernatural 114 7: Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre: Identity and Difference 163 8: Poetic Ambiguity: “Selige Sehnsucht” 182 9: Die Wahlverwandtschaften: Romantic Metafiction 200 10: Love and Death in Faust 225 11: Truth Paradox Irony 250 12: Virtuosity 269 Works Cited 283 Index 313 320 ♦ INDEX Goethe, Johann Wolfgang, works by: (continued) “Höheres und Höchstes” (West-östlicher Divan), 273 “Im ernsten Beinhaus”: terza rima in, 277 Iphigenie auf Tauris, 95, 99, 150, 170, 186, 198, 265, 268 “Jene garstige Vettel” (Frau Welt) (West-östlicher Divan), 64 “Kleine Blumen, kleine Blätter,” 276 “Der König in Thule,” 51–53; loyalty in love in, 157 Kunst und Altertum am Rhein und Main, 24 n 37, 77 Die Laune des Verliebten, 46, 203, 276, 278 “Lebendiges Andenken” (“Die Reliquie”), 278 Die Leiden des jungen Werthers: as confessional, 107; W’s passivity, 32, 244; point of view in, 85–86; interpretation of, 79–96 “Locken, haltet mich gefangen” (West-östlicher Divan), 62, 69, 275, 280 “Lust und Qual,” 127 “Mächtiges Überraschen,” 22, 262 “Mahomets Gesang,” 56, 63, 236, 278 Der Mann von funfzig Jahren: theme of substitution in, 100; paradox in, 257 Das Märchen, 191 “Die Metamorphose der Pflanzen,” 265 Die Mitschuldigen, 261 (stage separator), 276, 278 “Natur und Kunst, sie scheinen sich zu fliehen,” 276 Die Natürliche Tochter, 140 “Nennen dich den gren Dichter” (West-ưstlicher Divan), 273 “Der neue Amadis”: substitution in, 100 Die neue Melusine, 100, 107, 115, 116117, 126, 137, 262 Der neue Paris, as a substitute, 100, 116 Novelle, 172, 278 n 26 “Orphic Primal Words,” 21 See also “Urworte, Orphisch” Pandora, 189 n 16 Die pilgernde Törin: fun for fun’s sake, 268; unoriginal, 44 “Pilgers Morgenlied”: diction in: “durchglühst,” 52 “Poetische Gedancken über die Höllenfahrt Jesu Christi,” 273 Prometheus, 1, 7, 24–25, 56; theme of self-surrender in, 55, 191 “Prometheus”: defiance of other in, 169, 281; heilig glühend Herz, 275; novel compound in, 275; Sauder on, 60; sequence with “Ganymed,” 56; sich verselbsten and sich entselbstigen, 17, 186, 191 “Prooemion,” 132, 255 “Rettung,” 124, 127, 132 Römische Elegien, 146, 262, 271 Satyros, 136, 279 n 30 “Der Schatzmeister,” 277 (virtuosity) “Selige Sehnsucht” (Westöstlicher Divan), 19, 25, 57, 93, 128, 129, 131, 152, 160, 176, 212, 232, 245, 247; interpretation of, 182–99 INDEX Stella: Ein Schauspiel für Liebende, 8, 18, 45, 48, 52, 58, 157, 236; interpretation, 97–113 “Studie nach Spinoza,” 251 n Torquato Tasso, 62, 207, 275, 276 “Über allen Gipfeln,” 271, 280, 282 “Über das lyrische Volksbuch 1808,” 43 “Unbegrenzt” (West-östlicher Divan), 257 “Unbeständigkeit”: pretense of wisdom in, 156, 160, 274, 276; substitution in, 98 Urfaust (Faust: Frühe Fassung), 106, 225 “Urworte Orphisch,” 22, 195, 259 “Das Veilchen,” 54 Venezianische Epigramme (Venetian Epigrams), 71, 253 “Vermächtnis,” 199 n 43, 228 Die Wahlverwandtschaften: names in, 209; novel or a novella?, 201–2; prefigured in Stella, 102; as a Romantic metafiction (interpretation), 200–224; separation and unification in (Trennung und Verbindung), passim; substitution and compensation in, 100, 214 See also drowning “Der Wandrer,” 66, 114, 278 “Wandrers Sturmlied”: diction in (glühen), 47 n 12, 52, 129 n 54, 275 “Was wird mir jede Stunde so bang?” (West-östlicher Divan), 24 “Wenn im Unendlichen dasselbe,” 132, 277; diction ♦ 321 in (fließen), 89–90 n 39; paradox in (252) “Wer nie sein Brot mit Tränen aß” (Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre), 47 West-östlicher Divan, 14, 15, 43, 64, 101, 112, 116, 182, 192, 271, 273, 276, 279 “Wiederfinden” (West-östlicher Divan), 170, 191, 204 Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre, 47, 99, 110, 203, 204, 207, 250, 251, 254, 262, 264, 267, 268; identity and difference in (interpretation of), 163–81 Wilhelm Meisters Theatralische Sendung, 165, 167, 175, 179, 221, 254 Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre, 24, 44, 99, 123, 162, 174, 262, 266, 268 “Willkommen und Abschied”: hyperbole in, 276; onomatopoeia in, 271 “Wink” (West-östlicher Divan), 112 Der Zauberflöte zweiter Teil, 190 “Der Zauberlehrling”: “humoristische Anmut,” 128 Zahme Xenien, 114 n 2, 236 Zur Farbenlehre, 79, 182, 188, 221, 222, 261, 265 Goldsmith, Oliver, works by: Vicar of Wakefield, 49, 107 Gotter, F W., works by: Das öffentliche Geheimnis, n 29, 251 n 21 Gottfried von Berlichingen, autobiography of, 72 Gottfried von Strassburg, works by: Tristan und Isolde, 14 n 42, 121, 212 n 42, 218 Gottsched, Johann Christoph, 273 322 ♦ INDEX Gounod, Charles, 11 Graham, Ilse, 81–82, 141, 142, 156 Grass, Günter, works by: Katz und Maus, 28, 122 Gray, Ronald D., 26 n 43, 194 n 27, 195, 225 Gretchen (Margarete), 40, 48, 51, 54, 77, 108, 109, 123, 127, 147 n 101, 161, 218, 225, 226, 228, 240, 241, 242, 244, 247, 248, 255, 258, 281 Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, 158; works by: Hänsel und Gretel, 74 Grimmelshausen, Hans Jacob Christoph von, works by: Der abenteuerliche Simplicissimus, 70; Die Landstörtzerin Courasche, 66 guest (Gast), 114, 115, 151–52, 186–88, 191, 199; Goethe was “ei Gast i Weimar, i Deutschlad, der Welt” (Friedenthal, 709; see also 323, 329, 591); “trüber Gast,”130, 152, 182, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 191, 192, 196 Gulzow, Monte, 69 Gundolf, Friedrich, 125, 166 n 8, 167 Günther, Johann Christian, works by: “Als er der Phyllis einen Ring mit einem Totenkopf überreichte,” 27 Hafiz, 15 (Hafiz), 43 (Hafis), 101 (Hafiz), 116 (Hafis), 280 (Hafis) Haiman, John: on cessatives and inchoatives, 274 n 18; on “stage separators,” 261 n 32 hallucinations, mode of existence of, 139 Hamlet, 2, 138, 163–81 passim, 158 Hammarberg, Birgitta, 269 Hardenberg, Friedrich von (Novalis), 10, 19, 23, 24, 34, 149, 178, 179, 208, 231, 238, 255 Hatfield, Henry, 24, 243, 256, 271, 275, 281 “hauntology,” 138 See also Derrida Hauptmann, Gerhart, works by: “Bahnwärter Thiel,” 68; Einsame Menschen, 39 Hebbel, Friedrich, works by: “Ich und Du,” 12 Heffner, R.-M S., Helmut Rehder, and W F Twaddell, 243 n 57 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 9, 84, 152 n 120, 160 n 142, 170, 172, 235 n 31, 256 n 17 Heidegger, Martin, 10, 89, 134, 231 n 18 Heilige und Hure, 63, 90 Heimkehr, Heimkehrer, 84, 92 Heine, Heinrich (until 1825, Harry), 65–66, 70, 105–6, 109, 119, 120, 164 n 3, 278 Helen, Helena, 2, 56, 60, 64, 65, 66, 72, 76–78, 170, 226, 239 n 46, 240, 241, 242, 243, 259, 267, 279 Hemingway, Ernest, works by: For Whom the Bell Tolls, 27, 200–201 Heraclitus, 9, 10 Herder, Johann Gottfried, 10, 46, 47, 48, 50, 115, 116, 134, 135, 136, 140, 145–46 (on Goethe’s offensive sensuality”), 159, 269 hermaphrodites: androgynous, 42; “hermaphroditisch,” 279; manwoman, 21 Hero and Leander, 17 INDEX Hesse, Hermann, works by: Klein und Wagner, 122; Der Steppenwolf, 276 hier vs drüben See diesseitsjenseits hieros gamos, hierogamy, 92, 154 n 122, 170, 200 n 1, 226 Hinz, Evelyn, 200, 202, 203, 214 n 47 Hirschenauer, Rupert, 51 n 27, 136 Hoffmann, E T A., works by: “Don Juan,” 20 Hoffmeister, Gerhart, 66 n 22 Hofmannsthal, Hugo von, 52 n 31 Hogarth, William, 70 Hölderlin, Friedrich, 3; on identity as not a relation, 124 n 37, 231 Hölderlin, Friedrich, works by: “Der Abschied,” 212 n 40; “Elegie,” 55; “Hyperions Schicksalslied,” 20, 47; “Der Rhein,” 21, 236, 256 Hölscher-Lohmeyer, Dorothea, 183, 186, 187, 188 Homer, 1, 2, 77, 83, 100, 120– 21, 273 homoeroticism, 56; Goethe’s supposed homosexuality, 123, 135 Homunculus, birth a case of “Stirb und werde,” 238 n 41; as Faust’s stand-in, 118, 225; quest to “originate” 154, 226; recipe for making, 225 n 2; union with Galatee, 118, 225, 226, 255 host and parasite, 151, 152, 155, 186, 234 Huber, Peter, 104, 111 n 33 Hugo, Victor, 11, 120 Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 123, 169, 217, 248, 258 “humoristische Anmut,” 115, 128 ♦ 323 Hure, Heilige und, 63, 90 Hutten, Ulrich von, 70 hypostasis, the end of, 245 Ibsen, Henrik, works by: Hedda Gabler, 38, 39 identity: absolute identity, 231, 255, 282; continuity of, 175, 179, 193, 195; and difference, 124, 163, 163 n 2, 176, 178, 179, 180, 220, 231; duality as, 209–10; self-identity, 109, 132, 175, 209, 225; of subject and object, 230–31 n 16, 247, 248 Iken, Carl Jakob Ludwig, 9, 78, 223, 253 n 5, 254 inchoatives and cessatives, 273– 74 n 18 incorporation, 21 n 26, 34, 41, 45, 68, 148, 150, 232, 234, 235–36, 247 See also penetration individual(s), individuality, individuation, 11, 16, 17–24, 29 n 56, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 87, 102–3, 103 n 13, 124, 205, 216, 217, 218, 255 “Individuum est ineffabile,” 18, 103 infusion, 20, 28, 89, 116, 155, 247 inside-outside dichotomy, 21, 114, 116, 137, 258, 266 intermaxillary bone, 202 intertextuality, 41, 42, 155, 254 irony (Ironie), 72 n 47, 112, 171, 192, 208, 211, 223, 237, 238 (the menstruum universale), 248, 250, 253, 254, 255 (Bahr: “mystische Ironie”), 261–68; self-irony, 273, 276 See also Romantic irony Irving, John, works by: The World According to Garp, 324 ♦ INDEX Jack the Ripper, 75, 76 Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich (Fritz), 104, 105, 213, 233, 260 James, Henry, works by: The Turn of the Screw, 141 James, P D., 39 James, P D., works by: The Skull beneath the Skin, Jaksa, Steven, 67 n 29 Jantz, Harold, 118 n 10, 166 n 8, 167–68 n 11 Jantz, Rolf-Peter, 39, 67 n 27 jenseits, Jenseitigkeit, 42, 137 See also diesseits-jenseits dichotomy Jerusalem, Carl Wilhelm, 83 John, David G., 45 n 14, 102 n 8, 113 Jung, C G., 115 n Kaiser, Gerhard, 82, 90 n 40, 212 n 39 Kant, Immanuel, 13, 153, 198, 238, 252, 265 Kaplan, Alice, Kayser, Wolfgang, 126 n 42, 265 Kazantzakis, Nikos, works by: Zorba the Greek, 74 Keats, John, works by: “La Belle Dame Sans Merci,” 67; “Ode on a Grecian Urn,” 228 Keller, Gottfried, works by: Romeo und Julia auf dem Dorf, 7, 122 Kemper, Dirk, 18 n 13 Kerker, 24, 87; “Kerker” scene in Faust, 156 See also self as a prison Kestner, Johann Christian, 83, 85, 107, 108, 250, 274 Kilgour, Maggie, 21 n 26, 233, 234, 266 Kipling, Rudyard, works by: “The Female of the Species,” 62 n Kirkham, Richard L., 251 n Klassik, and Romantik, 223 Kleist, Heinrich von, works by: Amphitryon, 156; Penthesilea, 235 n 32; Prinz Friedrich von Homburg, 133 Klettenberg, Susanna von, 42, 136, 273 Klimt, Gustav, 32, 65 Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb, 273, 276, 278 Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb, works by: “Die Frühlingsfeier,” 86; “Die Sommernacht,” 57 n 44, 129 Kluckhohn, Paul, 104 n 18, 105 knowledge, 54 (the knowledgehungry Faust), 55, 63–64, 94, 226, 229, 233, 240; carnal knowledge, 63, 64, 107, 232 (imbrication of knowledge and sexuality), 233, 234; conventionality of, 112; as eating, 233 (carnivorous knowledge), 234; as hearing, 231 n 18; as identity of mind and object, 230–31 n 16, 233 n 23, 247; knowledge relational, 229–30, 231, 232, 247; love and knowledge, 232, 233, 235, 242, 255, 255 n 10; mystical knowledge, 255 n 10; as seeing, 35, 171, 208, 230, 255 Kolb, Jocelyne, 147 n 18, 149 n 112, 150 n 114, 233 Kommerell, Max, 128, 156, 159, 162 Kontje, Todd: on Goethe’s orientalism, 43 Kotzebue, August von, 104 kranke Königssohn, der, 169, 172 Kurth-Voigt, Lieselotte E., 67 n 25, 120, 142 n 93 Kuzniar, Alice, 174 n 28, 178 n 40, 179 INDEX “la petite mort,” 7, 24, 33, 69, 242 Lacan, Jacques, 35, 81, 111, 139, 175 Lacoue-Labarthe, Philippe and Jean-Luc Nancy, 171 Laocoon, 140 Lameir (Isolde’s lament), 121 Laßberg, Christine (Christel) von, 123 Lavater, Johann Caspar, 42 n 3, 83, 94, 103 n 15, 105, 137 Lawrence, D H., works by: The Rainbow, 200; Women in Love, 209 n 33 Leda, 49 (Rilke’s poem), 56, 59, 234 (Yeats’s poem), 272 Lederer, Wolfgang, 36 n 80, 64 n 11, 68, 118–19 n 15 Lee, Laurie, works by: “Song by the Sea,” 120 Lee, Meredith, 273 n 15 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 190 Leiden, 32, 47, 48, 174, 228, 244 See also Tätigkeit Leidenschaft, 32 leitmotif, 92, 210, 260 Leitzmann, Albert, 44, 144 n 96 Lengefeld sisters (Caroline and Charlotte von): Schillers love for, 45 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 81, 260 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, works by: “Eine Duplik,” 190 n 16; Hamburgische Dramaturgie, 138; Laokoon, 77, 126; Miß Sara Sampson (Marwood, 39, 62 n 2, 71, 126); Wie die Alten den Tod gebildet, 259 levitation: Faust’s desire to levitate, 57, 89 n 33, 187, 189, 247 See also flight ♦ 325 Liebestod: meaning of, 17, 19, 21, 25, 29, 35, 282 See also lovedeath light, 136, 170, 184, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 196, 198, 240, 247, 248 n 71 See also color, Goethe’s theory of; optics, science of Lewes, George Henry, 134 lightness, Goethe’s love of, 64, 272, 276, 277 Lillo, George, works by: The London Merchant (Lady Millwood), 39, 71, 126, 147 Lola, Lola Lola, Lorelei Lee (Marilyn Monroe as), Lulu, 73, 75, 118 longing: blessed longing, 182–99 passim; constitutive of being, 223; for death, 3; for dissolution (“Entgrenzung”), 88, 246; for fulfillment, 244; informs subjectivity, 20; for love, 24, 204; for love and death (Werther’s), 82 (Margarete’s), 22; mystical longing, 94; for reassimilation, 218; for release, 19, 218; to return to the womb, 29, 90; for selfsubmergence (self-surrender), 24, 29; for union, 223 Lorelei (Lore Lay), 12, 34, 65, 76, 118, 119, 120, 126, 164 n love and knowledge, 232, 233 love-death: anti-individualistic, 33; a male construct, 36–40; misunderstandings of, 31–32; neglect of, 8; and subject-object dichotomy, 35 love potion, 121 n 27, 256 See also pharmakon; poison(s); potion(s) Lovejoy, Arthur O., 208 loyalty in love, theme of, 51, 71, 156, 157 326 ♦ INDEX Lukács, Georg, 79, 82 Lustmord, 74, 141 MacKinnon, Catharine, 68 n 32 Macpherson, James, works by: Ossian, 46, 83, 87, 123 macrocosm, sign of, 229 madonna, 62, 66, 90 See also Mater dolorosa; Mater gloriosa; Mütter, die Malleus Maleficarum (Hexenhammer), 63 Mann, Thomas, works by: ; Doktor Faustus, 34, 70, 75 n 56, 133 n 62, 236, 270; Der Erwählte, 6, 15, 134, 158; “Der kleine Herr Friedemann,” 122; Der Tod in Venedig (Death in Venice), 122, 212 n 43; Tristan, 17 n 9; Der Zauberberg, 3, 7, 26 n 43, 33–34, 67, 172 n 24, 232 n 19, 269 See also Castorp, Hans; Chauchat, Claudia; Settembrini, Ludovico Maria Aegyptiaca, 66 Marie Antoinette, 66, 72 marriage: “The Elm and the Vine: a Marriage Topos,” 155 n 125, 234; Goethe’s doubts about, 107, 117; hierogamous marriage(s), 239; as incompatible with erotic passion (“Frau Isolde”), 31; “marriage of the elements,” 214; mating (Begattung), 245; of opposites, 239; as a “social arrangement,” 104 n 18; trial marriages, 215; “Types of Marriage Plots,” 200 Martin, Laura, 44 Marvell, Andrew, works by: “To His Coy Mistress,” 3, 40 Marx, Karl, 253 mask(s), 49, 69, 243 Massenet, Jules, 11 mater dolorosa, 241, 281 mater gloriosa, 240, 241, 255 maternal, 60; the attractiveness of, 91 (Lotte), 102 n 10, 220 (Ottilie’s maternity), 241 mating, 30 (Gattung), 184, 191; “a higher mating” (“Auf zu höherer Begattung”), 19, 152, 182, 184, 193, 245; of opposites, 154 (acids and alkalis), 239 (the Lion Red and the Lily White) Mattenklott, Gert, 112 Matussek, Peter, 232 Medea, 39, 146 mediation, 216 (Mittler), 238, 264; Christ’s, 149, 187, 237; of language and play, 238; truth never “unmittelbar,” 221, 250 Medusa, 62, 64, 69 memento mori, 267 ménage trois, 45, 93, 102 merging: of individuals, 24; with love object, 33; metaphors of, 217 See also blending mermaid(s), 34, 100, 119, 121, 122, 125–31, 246 metafiction, 208, 211 metamorphosis, 153, 158, 194– 99, 230, 247 Michelsen, Peter, 226, 242 millenarianism, 42 Miller, J Hillis, 151, 199 Millwood, Marwood, and Milford, the Ladies, 39, 71, 126 Milton, John, 68, 233 mirror(s), 65, 109, 122, 131, 164 n 3, 219; distortion by, 122, 130 misogyny, 29 n 57, 50, 65, 74, 76 Mitchell, Carol, 69 modernism, 23, 35, 84, 180, 208 Molière, works by: Tartuffe, 136 Molnár, Géza von, 88 INDEX Mommsen, Katharina, 101, 280 monogamy, 103 (“serial monogamy”), 104, 113 n 39, 157 Monroe, Marilyn, 73 Moog-Grunewald, Maria, her essay on the “Ikonologie der Femme Fatale,” 27 n 45 moonlight, 119, 218 Mörike, Eduard, works by: “Erinna an Sappho,” 131, 145 n 98; “Schiffer- und Nixen-Märchen,” 110 mothers, motherhood, 36, 37, 38, 39, 102 n 10; Lotte as “eine wahre Mutter,” 90, 241; surrogate mothers, 241 See also Mütter, die Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 276 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, works by: Don Giovanni, 20; Die Entführung aus dem Serail, 156; Die Zauberflöte, 3–4, 190 Muenzer, Clark S., 29, 167 n 8, 175, 241 n 49 Müller, Adam, 254 Müller-Seidel, Walter, 150, 153 Murdoch, Iris, 38–39 Murnau, F W., works by: Faust, 205 Mütter, die, 241, 242, 243, 259, 267 mysticism, 149; Faust’s mystical longings, 94; Goethe’s, 131, 207, 239, 282; Goethe’s “ironische Mystik” (Ehrhard Bahr), 256 See also unio mystica mythic narrative, 200 name(s), 100, 200; as a means of distinction, 212, 214; “nicht mehr Tristan, / nicht mehr Isolde,” 27, 212, 217, 232; in Die Wahlverwandtschaften, 209 ♦ 327 narrators: in “Erlkönig,” 136–37, 140; Die Leiden des jungen Werthers, 85–86 See also Editor Nazis, Goethe’s reception by, 21 Neri, Philipp, 247 Newton, Sir Isaac, 22, 172, 250, 251 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 30, 63–64, 70, 77, 112, 116 Nietzsche, Friedrich, works by: Also sprach Zarathustra, 16 n 1; Götzen-Dämmerung, 26 n 43 night, 23, 190; “Mutter Nacht,” 23, 191, 212, 245 n 63 Nisbet, H B., 12 n 35, 181 noble savages, Lotte and Gretchen as, 92 nothingness (Nichts), 89, 90, 119, 134, 196, 226, 228, 238, 242 Novalis See Hardenberg, Friedrich von novel of adultery, 31, 155 n 126; Die Wahlverwandtschaften as a, 226 (“Ehebruch im Ehebett”) nuda veritas, 65, 250 “O homo fuge!” 172, 267 oceanic, the (Freud’s concept of), 23, 122 offenbares Geheimnis, öffentlich(es) Geheimnis, 9, 257, 258 O’Hehir, Diana, one and double, 8, 14, 129, 179, 257; one’s double announces death, 131 ontology and hauntology, 138 optics, science of, 22 Origen, 227, 238, 244 originality, 14, 40, 41–45, 271 Orpheus and Eurydice, 17 Ossian, 46, 83, 87, 123 otherness, 87, 168, 169–76, 177, 180, 222 Ovid, n 11 328 ♦ INDEX oxymoron(s), 28, 30, 114, 130, 132, 196, 254, 257–59 Paracelsus, 195 n 31, 225 n 2, 242 n 52 paradox, 242, 247, 248, 249, 250, 254, 256–61 parasite(s), 116, 151, 152, 234, 248 See also host and parasite parent-child relationship: in “Die Braut von Korinth,” 140, 153; in Die natürliche Tochter and “Erlkönig,” 140 passion(s) (Leidenschaft), 1, 20– 21 (the gods being devoid of), 31, 31, 32, 52, 54, 55, 58, 60, 81, 100, 102 n 11, 148, 155, 190, 192 n 24, 214, 228, 237, 245, 275 passive, passivity, 47, 174 (Wilhelm Meister), 214 (Eduard), 244 patient(s), creatures as: 47, 214, 228, 237, 245 penetration, 20, 138, 212, 232, 235–36, 247, 260, 265, 267 See also incorporation penitent women, 71, 77, 126–27, 161–62, 247, 255 Pepper, Stephen C., n 22, 41 Percy, Bishop Thomas, works by: Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, 44 n 8, 53, 156 pharmakon: as panacea, poison, and love potion, 9, 26, 42, 121 n 27, 195 n 31, 256 philistines, 72, 191 philosophers’ stone, 42, 238, 256; the young Queen, 154, 195 n 31 Pikulik, Lothar, 102, 111 n 33 Plato, 17, 20, 21, 35, 236, 253 “Poesie der Poesie” (Friedrich Schlegel), 179, 254 poison(s), 9, 20, 26, 26 n 43, 54, 55, 65, 74, 104, 108, 134, 149, 154, 235, 237, 239, 240, 256, 275 See also potion(s) polarity, 11, 14, 17, 25, 29, 65, 88, 142, 168, 170, 177, 182, 189 (“Zwei Seelen”), 190, 206, 210 (unity and division), 212 (entwinement and unraveling), 217, 227 (“hier” and “drüben”), 247 (dichotomies) Politzer, Heinz, 95 n 47, 130 n 55, 275 polyamorous love, 45, 97, 102 pomegranate (food for the dead), Claudia Chauchat as a, 67 n 26 potion(s), 20, 26, 26 n 43, 55, 121 n 27, 239, 241, 256 See also poisons Powers, Elizabeth, 107 Praetorius, Johannes, 144, 145 prima materia, 242 Prince of the World, 65 principium individuationis, 11, 94 Prodigal Son, the, 21, 83, 94, 114 “Produzierende mit dem Product,” das (Friedrich Schlegel), 179, 254, 262 prostitute-Madonna complex, 90 Pruys, Karl Hugo, 135 Quayle, Dan: as subject of joke involving sexual knowledge, 63 n rainbow, 13, 131, 198, 252 rape, 37, 38; attempt by Bauerbursch in Werther, 113; in “Erlkönig,” 7, 50, 135 n 70, 141; in Götz von Berlichingen (Adelheid), 50, 75, 109; in “Heidenröslein,” 50, 53 (“Vergewaltigung”), 106 INDEX realism, 113, 136, 179, 180, 202 n 8, 219, 221, 222, 223, 254, 260, 262, 264, 271 receptivity, 47, 59, 174, 214, 235, 236, 245; “Empfänglich, wie er war” (Wilhelm Meister), 174, (Eduard), 214 redemption, Faust’s, 218, 240, 243, 245, 246 See also Erlösung Reim-Aposiopese, 280 Reiss, Hans, 81, 167 rejuvenation: Faust’s, 55, 239, 241, 247; through love, 30 release: as Erlösung, 19, 61, 94, 131, 186, 187, 218, 228, 243, 245, 246, 255, 259; in Hedda Gabler, 38 resemblance, the relation of, 13, 217, 219 (unites and divides), 220, 229, 233 See also correspondence rest, 19, 31, 55 (absolute rest), 144, 146, 152, 153, 155, 186, 191, 198, 240, 246 See also Ruhe, Faulbett revenant(s), 115, 120 n 19, 142 n 93, 146 rhyme, 278–80; disappointed rhyme, 192; Faust teaches Helen to rhyme, 239 n 46, 279 n 35; implied rhyme, 101, 280; rhyme paradoxical, 279; as symbol of unity in duality, 279, 279 n 35 Richter Samuel, 19 n 22 Ricoeur, Paul, 28 Rilke, Rainer Maria, works by: “Die Fensterrose,” 184 n 5; “Leda,” 49, 59; Weise von Liebe und Tod des Cornets Christoph Rilke, Ritter, Johann Wilhelm, 171 Ritter-Santini, Lea, 58, 59, 60 Rochlitz, Johann Friedrich, 201 Roetzel, Calvin J., 148 n 103 ♦ 329 Rölleke, Heinz, 128 Romantic irony, 25, 28, 208, 213, 250, 261, 262, 263, 263 n 40, 264 Romanticism, 153, 181, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 212, 214, 225, 226, 229, 237, 266 Romantik, 223 (Klassik and Romantik) Romeo and Juliet, 5, 7, 12, 20, 81, 145, 205, 225 Rorty, Richard, 230–31 n 16 Rösch, Ewald, 183, 185, 192, 194, 197 Rougemont, Denis de, 8, 23 n 32, 31, 32 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 2, 105, 106 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, works by: Confessions, 2, 100, 109, 110 n 31; La nouvelle Héloïse, 100 n 4, 178 n 42 Rowe, Elizabeth, works by: Friendship in Death: in Twenty Letters from the Dead to the Living, 137 Ruhe, 19; “Balde, / Ruhest du auch,” 169; “ewige Ruh’ in Gott dem Herrn,” 132; “Meine Ruh ist hin,” 244; “die unbedingte Ruh,” 19, 55, 244 Runge, Philipp Otto, 16 Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach, Carl August, Duke of, 48, 71, 193 n 26 Saine, Thomas P., 85 n 24, 172 n 23 Salzmann, J D., 108 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 263 Sartre, Jean-Paul, works by: Being and Nothingness, 68–69 sati (suttee), 157–58 satire, on Werther as a, 86, 98 330 ♦ INDEX Sauder, Gerhard, 60, 111 n 33 Scheidekünstler, 213 scheiden und verbinden, 211 n 38 (etymology of Scheide), 215 See also trennen und verbinden Scheidung and Einigung or Einung, 212, 213–16 See also separateness and togetherness Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph, 10, 16, 25 n 39, 28 n 52 Scherpe, Klaus, 82 Schiele, Egon, 3, 38, 234 n 27 Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich, 35, 45, 46, 98, 113, 161, 171, 172, 219, 230; on Wilhelm Meister, 174, 267 n 48 (“Gedenke zu leben!”) Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich, works by: Don Carlos, 59; “Die Götter Griechenlands,”146, 151; Kabale und Liebe, 39, 62 n 2, 71, 104, 107, 126; Maria Stuart, 2, 75, 76, 77; Musenalmanach, 146; “Der Taucher,” 71; “Über das Erhabene,” 47; “Über epische und dramatische Dichtung,” 202; Wilhelm Tell, 2, 44 Schlaffer, Heinz, 14 Schlegel, August Wilhelm, 167 Schlegel, Friedrich, 10 n 30, 179, 180, 208, 223, 238, 254, 256, 261, 262, 263, 264 Schlegel, Friedrich, works by: “Über Goethes Meister,” 264 Schmitz, Hermann, 17 n 11, 260, 266 n 45, 278 n 26 Schnell, Rüdiger, 27 n 48, 233 n 24 Schnitzler, Arthur, works by: Die Komödie der Verführung, 122; Reigen, 156 Schöne, Albrecht, 29, 136 n 74, 238, 244, 245 n 62, 246 Schopenhauer, Arthur, 30, 74 (on the cunning of women), 82 Schubert, Franz, 2, 46, 50, 70, 119, 132, 133 Schulte-Sasse, 238 n 42 Schumann, Clara Wieck, 142 n 93, 270 Schumann, Robert, 270 n Schupp, Johann Balthasar, works by: Corinna: Die erbare und scheinheilige Hure, 70 Scott, Sir Walter, 11, 75 Schröter, Corona, 133 Searle, John, 139 n 83 self and other, 12, 33, 35, 84, 88, 89, 163–81 passim, 208, 209, 222, 229, 267, 282 self as a prison, 17, 24, 37, 88, 94, 130, 186, 195, 255, 259 self-assertion: and resubmergence, 25, 130; and surrender, 247 self-consciousness, 109 self-criticism, 109, 130, 253 self-deception, 110–11 self-knowledge, 109, 110–11, 130, 164, 171, 188, 230, 263 self-preservation, 29, 88, 130, 186, 195 Sengle, Friedrich, 41 separateness and togetherness, 16, 213–16, 218 separation and unity, 11, 21–22, 23, 36 (gendered perspective), 204, 208, 210, 219, 220, 249, 255 (conventional truth depends on) Settembrini, Ludovico, 33, 67 n 26, 172 n 24 See also Mann, Thomas: Der Zauberberg Seyhan, Azade, 10 Shakespeare, 44, 48, 70, 163–81 passim, 207 See also titles of works by, e.g Hamlet INDEX sich verselbsten / sich entselbstigen, 11, 17, 56, 88, 121 n 25 sign, the (signifier and signified), 12, 29, 131, 198, 204, 223, 243, 251, 252, 253, 257, 282 “shared nonbeing,” 132 n 60, 248 Simpson, James, 134 siren(s), 34, 61, 65, 120, 146, 226 Song of Solomon, 30, 189, 241 (Song of Songs) snakes and toads: poisonous and allied with the devil, 64–65 spiral, the, 25, 153, 154, 176, 190, 196 Staiger, Emil, 136, 159, 161, 185, 187, 188, 277 Stamm, Israel S 190 n 17 Stammler, Wolfgang, 64 n 11 Stein, Charlotte von, 23, 83, 100, 107, 125, 276 Steinhauer, Harry, 82 “Stirb und werde!” 25, 182, 185, 187–88, 193–96 See also die and become Stolberg, Auguste Gräfin zu, 54, 82, 104, 275 strange bedfellows, 9, 14, 138 Strauss, Richard, works by: Der Rosenkavalier, 12, 58; Salomé, 73 Strich, Fritz, 206 striving (streben), 27, 35, 170, 186, 192, 206, 208, 209, 233 n 24, 237, 238, 240, 245 (“Wer immer strebend sich bemüht”), 246 Stuck, Franz von, 73 Sturm und Drang, 18, 43 (originality prized by), 73, 103 (individual uniqueness honored by), 135, 281 subject-object dichotomy, 35, 168 ♦ 331 subjectivity, 20 (defined by longing; an attribute of creatures), 236 (essentially receptive) substitution, theme and practice of, 49, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 106, 109, 113, 222; displacement and, 214–15 (Eduard for Ottilie’s father; lovers for spouses in Eduard and Charlotte’s double adultery) suicide: Faust’s contemplation of, 119, 184; justification of in Werther, 45, 57, 79, 94, 95 surrogate(s): the alembic a surrogate grave and uterus, 225; the captain a surrogate for Eduard, 100; fictional characters as surrogates for the author, 98; friendship as a “Surrogat” for heterosexual love, 98; Goethe’s virtuosic play with, 101; Lotte and Gretchen as surrogate mothers, 241 suttee (sati), 157–58 Swift, Jonathan, 68; love for two women, 105 symbol: a coincidentia oppositorum, 26 n 44 symbolism, 13, 131, 207; and allegory, 191, 197, 198, 252, 261 syphilis, 12, 70, 71, 236; Goethe’s fear of, 48, 71 tableaux vivants, 102, 220 Tanner, Tony, 155 n 126, 185 n 9, 221 Tantalus motif, 90, 236–37 n 36 Tasso, Torquato: Gerusalemme Liberata, 71, 101 Tätigkeit, 78, 89, 186, 188–89 n 14, 244; Tat, die, 228 See also activity Taylor, Mark C., 171 n 18 332 ♦ INDEX Theweleit, Klaus, 36 Tieck, Ludwig, 262 Tillyard, E W M., 220 time (temporality, temporal flux), 21, 25, 28, 31, 39, 78, 124, 175, 179, 192, 224, 226–27, 228, 237, 238, 243, 244, 245, 247, 282; Faust’s timeless moment, 31, 40; the Marschallin’s reflections on, 58 See also Augenblick Tobin, Robert, 235 n 30 Todessehnsucht, 37, 177 Trabant, Jürgen, 231 n 18 transfusion, 155 transmutation, 33, 120, 153, 154, 158, 195, 199 trennen und verbinden (vereinigen), 22, 113, 211, 213, 215 Tristan und Isolde (Iseult), 1, 2, 7, 9, 14, 15, 17, 20, 27, 93, 212, 217, 232, 244 (“höchste Liebes-Lust”), 269, 279 trübe, das (die) Trübe, 10, 188, 191, 199, 248 n 71, 253; “dem Trüben” (“Wiederfinden”), 188 n 13, 190, 191, 248 n 71; “im Trüben,” 189 (“Entoptische Farben”); “der nicht mehr Getrübte,” 187, 191, 247, 248; “trüber Gast,” 130, 152, 182–85, 186, 187 Trunz, Erich, 82, 87, 88, 125, 193, 276, 280 truth, Goethe’s conception of, 250–56 passim Tunner, Erika, 73 n 51, 120 twins (Zwillinge), 15 two souls, Faust’s, 189, 240 Übermensch, 237 “und”: ambiguity of the conjunction, 185 (in “Stirb und werde”), 212, 279 (in Tristan und Isolde) Undine, 12, 34, 118 n 14, 119, 121 unfaithful lovers, 108, 126, 241 unio mystica, 131, 149 (in Novalis), 198 See also mysticism, Goethe’s unity: and division, 210, 216; in duality, 14, 259; vs duality, 212; as feminine, 213–14 unterscheiden und verbinden Updike, John: works by: Brazil, Urfrage, 10, 253; Urphänomen, 256; Ur-womb, 243 Vaget, Hans Rudolph, 115 n 4, 238 n 39 vagina dentata, 12, 19, 68–69, 90, 170, 235 vampire(s), 34, 141–55 passim; lamia as vampires, 67 vampirism, 89 (vampirisme fusionnel), 145, 146, 158 veil(s) (Schleier), 13, 101 (of St Veronica), 110, 112 (“Zueignung”), 243, 253, 260, 267 (“Flieh, Jüngling, flieh!”) venereal disease, 12, 48, 62, 69, 71 See also syphilis Venus, 64, 65, 90; Mary and, 29, 66 Venus and Adonis, 29 veracious imagination, 85 verbinden und trennen, 213, 215 See also trennen Verdi, Giuseppe, works by: Aida, 2, 7, 205, 225; Don Carlo, 59; Otello, 4; Rigoletto, 140 Verfremdungseffekt, der, 254, 262 Verlaine, Paul, Vincent, Deirdre, 83, 98, 100, 112, 228 virgin and whore, woman as, 62 virtuosity, 269–82 passim INDEX Vischer, Friedrich Theodor, 276 Voluptas, 65 Vorstellungsart[en], 171, 251, 265 See also conventional concepts and paradigms Vulpius, Christiane (wife), 100, 156 Wackenroder, Wilhelm Heinrich wager, Faust’s, 39, 226–27, 228, 244, 259 See also Goethe, Faust Wagner, Richard, works by: Der fliegende Holländer (The Flying Dutchman), 122, 170; Parsifal, 19, 71; Tannhäuser, 65; Tristen und Isolde, 1, 27, 242 Wahrheit, Goethe’s conception of, 250–56 passim wanderer (der Wandrer), wandering, 19, 115, 146, 152, 170, 187, 190, 275; Werther as “Wanderer, ein Waller auf der Erde,” 93 water, 23, 34, 121, 122, 125, 217; women and, 34, 53, 115, 118–20, 121, 122, 126, 214, 217 weaving imagery, 41 Wedekind, Frank: Frühlings Erwachen, 76, 133, 142 Weill, Kurt, works by: Die Dreigroschenoper, 66; Street Scene, Wellbery, David, 52, 89 Wellek, René, 35, 207, 208, 209, 223 Welling, Georg von, 121 Weltliteratur (world literature), 11, 43, 72 wholeness, ideal of, 170, 190, 212 whore, woman as, 62 Wieland, Christoph Martin, 137, 272 Wild, Reiner, 159, 160 ♦ 333 Wilde, Oscar, works by: Salomé, 30, 73 Willemer, Marianne von, 15, 256 Wilson, W Daniel, 193 n 26 Wind, Edgar, 8, 260 n 28 Wittkowski, Wolfgang, 72 Wolff, Cynthia, 37 womb and tomb, 12, 29, 33, 37, 40, 90, 117 (“der weibliche Schoos”), 118–20, 120 n 22, 126 women and water, 53, 118–20 n 22, 124 Wordsworth, William, works by: “Strange Fits of Passion,” 192 n 24; “The World Is Too Much with Us,” 146, 192 n 24 world theater, 262 Yeats, William Butler, 68 Yeats, William Butler, works by: “Lapis Lazuli,” 126 n 43, 228, 276; “Leda and the Swan,” 234 Young, Edward, works by: “Night Thoughts,” 23 Zagermann, Peter, 236 n 34 Zelter, Carl Friedrich, 83, 210, 260 Zimmermann, Rolf Christian, 55, 56, 78, 88, 125, 195 Zimmermann, Werner, 125 n 30, 128 .. .Love and Death in Goethe: One and Double Studies in German Literature, Linguistics, and Culture Edited by James Hardin (South Carolina) Disclaimer: Some images in the printed version... Congress Cataloging -in- Publication Data Dye, Ellis, 1936– Love and death in Goethe: one and double / Ellis Dye p cm — (Studies in German literature, linguistics, and culture) Includes bibliographical... commonplace in literature, music, and art from the abduction of Persephone, as told Love and death are linked early in Goethe s writing, e.g “Miteinander ins Bett oder ins Himmelreich” in the 1773