Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com A New Gospel for Women Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Katharine C. Bushnell (1855–1946) Source: Clara C. Chapin, ed., Thumb Nail Sketches of White Ribbon Women (Chicago: Woman’s Temperance Publishing Association, 1895) www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com A New Gospel for Women Katharine Bushnell and the Challenge of Christian Feminism z KRISTIN KOBES Du MEZ Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © Oxford University Press 2015 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Du Mez, Kristin Kobes A new gospel for women : Katharine Bushnell and the challenge of Christian feminism / Kristin Kobes Du Mez pages cm ISBN 978–0–19–020564–5 (hardback : alk paper) 1. Bible and feminism. 2. Bible– Criticism, interpretation, etc. 3. Women in the Bible. 4. Women–Religious aspects– Christianity. 5. Feminism–Religious aspects–Christianity. 6. Bushnell, Katharine C (Katharine Caroline), 1855–1946. I. Title BS680.W7D86 2015 230.082—dc23 2014035461 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com For Zachary Izaac, Eva Lucia, and Louisa Isadora “Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty.” Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xi Note on Sources xv Introduction 1 A Paradise for Women 12 Virtue, Vice, and Victorian Women 27 Heathen Slaves, Christian Rulers 62 The Crime Is the Fruit of the Theology 86 Leaving Eden 108 Redeeming Eve 130 Liberal Conservatives 152 A Prophet Without Honor 163 Conclusion: The Challenge of Christian Feminism 179 Works Cited Notes Scripture Index Subject Index 189 203 253 255 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Preface The Book of Genesis, According to Katharine Bushnell In the beginning . . God created Adam, a male-female being, and it was very good God charged Adam to watch and protect the Garden of Eden, but in time Adam began to lose perfection, and God decided that it was not good that Adam should be alone To prevent further falling into imperfection and to restore Adam to original goodness, God took from Adam’s side and separated out the woman Before the woman had been formed, God had commanded Adam not to eat of the tree of knowledge of good and evil But a Serpent came to the woman and tempted her Though she had heard from Adam not to eat of the tree, she succumbed to the Serpent’s tempting, and ate The man, too, ate of the tree, not through the Serpent’s tempting, but at the woman’s invitation After they had eaten they became aware of their nakedness and were ashamed, and when they heard God approaching, they hid God knew of their sinfulness, and questioned them Adam and the woman both confessed: “I did eat,” and both told of the immediate influence that led to the eating The woman spoke of the Serpent, and Adam, (whose job it had been to protect the garden, presumably from serpents and other sources of harm), spoke not of the Serpent, but of his companion But Adam did not stop there: “The woman,” he said to God, “whom you put here with me, caused me to sin.” Unlike the woman, who rightly blamed Satan, Adam blamed God—a betrayal that initiated humanity’s Fall into sin Lurking nearby, Satan rejoiced that Adam had shielded him from blame Thus the man advanced to the side of the Serpent, becoming a false accuser of God But the woman, by exposing the character of Satan before Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 256 Subject Index birth control, 173–175, 182, 247n56 Blackwell, Elizabeth, 24 Blackwell, Henry, 216n120 Blackwell, Lucy Stone, 167, 216n120 Blake, Lillie Deverreux, 110 Bowring, Sir John, 80–81, 94 British Association for Moral and Social Hygiene, 167, 175, 179 British reformers, 50, 167, 169, 175, 209n67 See also Butler, Josephine British Woman’s Temperance Association, 75 Brown, Mary H., 209n67 Brumberg, Joan Jacobs, 32–33 Bunkle, Phillida, 46–47 Burgon, John, 126 Burton, Antoinette, 222n52 Bushnell, Horace, 206n4, 236n40 Bushnell, Katharine (Kate) as American purity activist, 45, 52–61, 83–85, 164–167 and birth control, 164, 174–175 date of birth of, 12, 105n1 education of, 23–26 and friendship with Elizabeth Andrew, 65–66, 165, 248n7 as international purity activist, 62–73, 78–82 legacy of, 180–187 as missionary to China, 29, 36–40, 53 as participant in global evangelicalism, 20, 28, 30–32, 35–36, 63–64, 78, 181, 183–184, 251n22 physical appearance of, 52 and resignation from WCTU, 88–89 and suspicion of men, 23, 53, 86, 99, 104, 165 and views on scriptural authority, 101–107, 118–119, 154–157 Butler, Josephine, 50, 52, 85, 217n124 antiregulation and, 65–67, 73, 87–89, 90–91 Calvin, John, 48, 113, 232n51 Cantonment Acts, 65–66 Catt, Carrie Chapman, 167 Central China Mission, Methodist Episcopal Church, 29 Chapman, Edward, 72–73 chastity, 54, 58, 123–125, 174–175 See also virtue chayil, 123–124 Chicago Herald, 60 Chicago Hospital for Women and Children, 24, 38 Chicago, IL, 52 Chicago Medical Journal and Examiner, 38 Chicago Woman’s Medical College, 24, 38 China, prostitution in, 45, 79–81, 82 Chinese in America, 82–84 morality of, 84 racial prejudice against, 84 superstition of, 39–40, 53–54 Christ, Jesus, 55, 113–114, 118, 128–129, 133–134 divinity of, 156 emancipation of women and, 5, 27, 76, 95–96, 98, 116, 180 empowerment, 66–67, 98, 136, 145 missions and, 18, 21, 30, 40 purity and, 125 redemption, 2, 5, 116, 130, 138–139 submission and, 140–143 transformation and, 33–34, 70, 151, 187 Christian feminism, 3, 164, 182, 184–187 See also feminism Christian men prostitution and, 67–68, 80–83 wrongs against women, 75–78, 90–91, 94–95 Christianity civilization and, 74–75 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Subject Index Darwinian theory and, 74–75, 156–157 feminist, 96 racial prejudice and, 76–78 treatment of women, 75–78, 90–91, 94–95, 148 Western imperialism and, 75–76, 220n11 Christians for Biblical Equality, 182 Civil War, American, 19–20, 41 A Clean Life, 90, 91 compulsory examinations, 50, 59, 67, 69–70, 80–81, 164–166 See also Contagious Diseases Acts Comstock Law, 175 Contagious Diseases Acts, 50, 54, 59, 87–89 See also compulsory examinations repeal of, 65–66, 71, 72–73 contraception See birth control Cott, Nancy, 203n1 Coverdale Bible, 119 Crocker, Hannah Mather, 230n9 curse, of Eve, 114, 116–118, 119–121, 141–142, 159 Darwinian evolutionary theory, 74–75, 134–135, 156–157, 230n14 sociocultural school of, 134–136, 160 Das Mutterrecht, 131 D’Emilio, John, 216n107 democracy, 164 Denver, CO, 44–45, 215n100 Dietrick, Ellen Battelle, 216n120 divorce, 41, 138, 141, 143–144, 238nn84, 85 domesticity, 5, 160, 162, 171 evangelicalism and, 182 imperial, 39 Methodists and, 19 Victorian ideal, 16–17, 19, 130 women missionaries and, 19, 30–32, 35 257 double standard, sexual, 6, 46, 49–51, 54–55, 125–128 prostitution and, 165 purity culture and, 185 social hygiene and, 169, 171, 172 double standard, theological, 115–116 Eliot, Charles William, 169 Ellis, Havelock, 172–173, 175 emancipation, of women, 29, 64, 108–109, 153, 177 birth control and, 175 Christ and, 5, 27, 76, 95–96, 98, 116, 180 sexual freedom and, 172 social, 96 See also redemption Embury, Philip, 18 Empower International Ministries, 251n23 Epstein, Barbara Leslie, 206n19, 213n70, 215n10, 216n108, 238n85 equality, of sexes, 3, 111–113, 115–116, 139–140 moral, 28 sexual, 177 eugenics, 169–170, 173 evangelicalism American, 8, 156–157, 159–160, 182 global, 30–32, 35–36, 63–64, 183–184, 251n22 and purity culture, 185 evangelical reform, 4, 5, 46 evangelical theology, 158–159, 182 Evangelical Women’s Caucus, 182, 251n21 Evanston College for Ladies, 21–22, 23 Evanston, IL, 13–16, 17–18, 41 Eve curse of, 114, 116–118, 119–121, 141–142, 159 naming, 114, 121–122 prophecy to, 118, 120–122, 135 redemption of Adam, 112 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 258 Subject Index Eve repentance of, 232n68 Satan and, 117–118 seed of, 115, 117, 133–134, 151, 231nn31, 32 sin of, 91–92, 108–110, 116–117, 151 as temptress, 110 evolution See Darwinian evolutionary theory Fall, the, 110 atonement and, 115–116 pre-Fall sin, 111–112 “fallen women,” 128 redemption of, 49–50 Farrar, F. W., 103–104 Federal Council of Churches, 161, 170 feminism biblical interpretation and, 162 Christian, 3, 164, 182, 184–187 Christianity and, 7–8, 9, 27–29, 163–164, 184–185, 210n2 definition of, 203n1 missionary-imperial, 31–32 “second wave,” 180, 182 “secular,” 7–8, 182 sexual freedom and, 172–173, 176–178 social hygiene and, 168–169 social purity and, 49–50, 163–164 temperance and, 43, 213n70 theology and, 2–6, 8–9, 94–98, 105, 138, 233n69 twentieth-century, 171–175, 203n1 Feminism, as movement in 1910s, 172–175, 203n1, 247n46 feminist biblical interpretation, 162 history of, 2–3 feminist theology, 2–6, 8–9, 94–98, 105, 138, 182–186, 233n69 Fielding, James, 56–57 foot-binding, 31, 32, 237n66 Fowler, Charles, 22–23 Fraser, James, 131 Freedman, Estelle B., 216n107 Freud, Sigmund, 173, 177 Garrett Biblical Institute, 17, 18 Genesis, 108–109, 115–118, 135, 229n1 Gilchrest, Ella, 38, 41, 52 Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, 176–177 Gladstone, William E., 71 global Christianity, 8–9, 183, 186–187, 251n22 and global sisterhood, 28, 35–36, 63–64, 77–78 God’s Word to Women, 101–102, 137, 145, 180–183 female biblical interpretation and, 2 Genesis and, 108–109 matriarchy and, 140–141 reform and, 5 reviews of, 152–155 Goldman, Emma, 173 Good Housekeeping, 52 Gordon, Anna, 23 Gordon, Linda, 174, 203n1 gospel enculturation of, 34 liberation of women and, 114, 136 transformative, 30, 33–34, 114 Grimké, Angelina, 95 Grimké, Sarah, 95, 230n9 Hall, Theodora Gordon, 181 Hamline, Leonidas Lent, 25 Hamline, Melinda, 25 Hardwick, Dana, 219n169 Harkness, Georgia, 181 headship of Christ, 141 house rule and, 142–143 male, 92–93, 98–99, 121, 136–139 Paul and, 136–137, 138–139 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Subject Index Heathen Slaves and Christian Rulers, 80, 82–83, 84–85 The Heathen Woman’s Friend, 19 “heathen women,” 19–20, 31–32, 184 Heck, Barbara, 18 heterosexuality, 176–177, 248n70 higher criticism, biblical interpretation, 106–107, 125–126, 156–157 higher education coeducation, 22–23 women’s, 17–18, 162 historical context, biblical interpretation and, 138–139, 141–142, 148–150 holiness, doctrine of biblical interpretation and, 106 empowerment of women and, 42–43 movement, 16–17, 25, 155, 181 teachings, 35–36, 214n75, 223n66 home, Christian, 19–20, 30, 64, 100 See also domesticity subjugation and, 115, 147, 171 Victorian image of, 16, 45, 159 home mission movement, women’s, 44–45, 215n100 Hong Kong, 79–80 Hubbard, Helena White, 181 human trafficking See sex trafficking humility, 128–129, 139, 143 inappropriate, 112, 128 Hunter, Jane, 33 imperialism foreign missionary movement and, 30–34, 78, 184, 213n61 gender and, 30–33, 184 WCTU and, 64 Western, 34–36, 64, 74, 223n66 “In the Cross of Christ I Glory,” 80–81 India, prostitution in, 65–66, 67–71, 75–77, 90, 221n33 indigenous women, 30–31 See also “heathen women” 259 industrialization, 46–47 “Infamous Memorandum,” 66, 72–73 Interdepartmental Social Hygiene Board, 166 International Justice Mission, 183–184 Irenaeus, 109 Isenberg, Nancy, 226–227n37, 229n1 Janney, O. Edward, 168–169 Jerome, 109 Jewell, James Stewart, 24 Jewish teaching, 110 oral law, 146 sophistries, 113–114 tradition, 138–139 Jolliff, Cosette, 182 Judaizers, 113–114, 146, 231n28 justice, 4, 21, 92, 127–129 Kähler, Martin, 94 Kaplan, Amy, 30–31 King James Bible, 101–102, 112, 120, 124, 137 kinship, female, 133–134, 235n6, 236n28 Kiukiang (Jiujiang), China, 29, 36–38, 210n3 Kroeger, Catherine Clark, 250n20 Ladies’ National Association for the Abolition of State Regulation of Vice, 90–91 Lange, John Peter, 231n40 Larsen, Timothy, 95 Law, William, 111–112 Lecky, William, 148 Lock Hospitals 50, 70–71, 81 Lubbock, John, 131 Lyons, Bertha, 52 Magna Charta of Woman, 153, 181 “Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon,” 50, 66 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 260 Subject Index male bias, Bible translation and, 98–100, 110, 137–138, 145–148, 233n71 marriage Christian, 4–5, 91–92, 98–99 curse of Eve and, 119–120 divorce, 41, 138, 141, 143–144, 238n84 obedience and, 141–143 patriarchal, 130–131, 143–144 Marsden, George, 241n14 masculinization, of Protestantism, 159–161 matriarchate, 131–133, 134–135, 140–141, 235n1 McLennan, J. F., 131 medical missionaries, female, 29–30 Men and Religion Forward Movement, 159 Menold, Bernice, 182 Methodism in Evanston, IL, 14–16 and foreign missions, 19–20, 208n40 growth of, 13–14 higher education, 17 holiness movement, 16–17, 25 middle-class, 17, 42 sanctification and, 16 Methodist Episcopal Church, 19–20 Methodist Women’s Centenary Association, 18 middle class Methodists and, 15–17 purity and, 48–49 values, 14–15 women, 19, 43–44, 46–47, 49 Midway Plaisance, 74 Miles, Carrie A., 251n23 Mill, John Stuart, 44, 143 Milwaukee Journal, 56 Mingana, Alphonse, 152 missionary-imperial feminism, 31–32 missionary movement, women’s foreign, 18–19, 30–31, 243n31 missions Christian, 68, 226n31 cultural exchange, 33 female, 19–20, 30–32, 34–35 foreign, 18–19, 30–31, 243n31 home, 44–45, 215n100 theology and, 94 Montgomery, Helen Barrett, 153–154 Moody Bible Institute, 153 moral medicine, 24–25 morality, 124, 128, 165, 168 Christian, 6, 53, 125 new, 172, 174, 176–178 private, 95, 157 sexuality and, 182, 186 Victorian, 44, 48, 185 Morgan, G. Campbell, 103 Morgan, Henry Lewis, 131 motherhood, 54–55, 150, 182 eugenics and, 171 forced, 54, 118 missions and, 77 Victorian view of, 47, 130, 206n19 voluntary, 174 Nation, Carrie, 158 Neilans, Alison, 175 Northwestern Female College, 17, 22 Northwestern University, 17, 22 Oakland, CA, 82–83, 164 opium, 45 sex trafficking and, 79 trade in China, 79–80 Pagnino, 119 Palmer, Phoebe, 16–17, 25 Pandora, 110 Pascoe, Peggy, 44–45 patriarchy, 32 Christian doctrine and, 86–87 evolution and, 134–136 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Subject Index Puritan, 47–48 Victorian home and, 45 Paul, Apostle, 113–114 headship teaching, 136–137, 138–139 oppression of women, 140–141, 237n66 submission in marriage, 140–142 women speaking, 146–147 penance, of women 115–116, 120–121, 151 Penn-Lewis, Jessie, 152–153, 181, 240n2 Pentecost, 126, 146 Pentecostals, 181–183, 182–183 pericope de adultera, 125–129 Peru, IL, 12, 13–14 physicians female, 24–25, 31–32 prostitution and, 59, 61 sexual freedom and, 168–169, 172–173 piety, 16–17 female, 48, 214n75 pilgrim principle, 33–34, 35 Pittsburg, PA, 41–42 preaching, female, 21, 40, 96–97, 181, 183 ecclesiastical subordination, 145–148, 243n29 prohibition, 15 See also temperance prophetesses, 114, 145–146 prostitution attitudes toward, 49–51, 53–55, 59–61, 69–70, 170–172 in China, 79–81, 82 Christian men and, 67–68, 80–83, 215n106 compulsory examinations, 50, 59, 67, 69–70, 80–81, 164–166 Contagious Diseases Acts, 50, 54, 59, 87–89 den keepers, 56–59 eugenics and, 170 in India, 65–66, 67–70, 76–77 Lock Hospitals, 50, 70–71, 81 “marriages” of, 70–71 261 physicians and, 59, 61 prostitute reform, 49–50, 216n119 purity reform and, 45–46, 50–51, 215–216n107, 218–219n160 sexual double standard and, 54–55, 164–165 temperance and, 51 Protestantism, 156, 242n20 conservative, 154, 157–158, 159 liberal, 156–157, 160–161 mainline, 160–161 masculinization of, 159–161 social reform and, 156–157 Proverbs 31 wife, 123 Puritans, American, 47–48, 177, 206n19 purity, idealization of female, 48, 185 See also social purity The Queen’s Daughters in India, 70, 84, 222n52 race suicide, 171 racism, 76–78, 84 Ramsay, William, 148, 149 “Rangoon horror,” 90–93 rape, 51, 90–93, 186 redemption, in Christ, 2, 5, 116, 130, 138–139 Reformers, Protestant, 115–116 Revised Version Bible, 101–102, 112, 120, 126, 181 Robert, Dana, 35 Roberts, Lord (Frederick), 65, 71–73, 94 Rogers, John, 13 Roosevelt, Theodore, 171 Rusk, Jeremiah, 56, 57, 60 Russell, Bertrand, 175 Ruth, 123 Saiving Goldstein, Valerie, 233n69 Salvation Army, 183 Sanger, Margaret, 173, 174 Sarah, 132–133 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 262 Subject Index Satan, 117–118, 121, 122, 231nn40, 43 science See also Darwinian evolutionary theory; social hygiene movement male bias of, 102, 136, 170–171, 175–177 purity reform and, 157, 170–171 sexual morality and, 136, 168–171, 246n24 Scott, Benjamin, 166 secularization, biblical interpretation and, 116 seed of the woman, 115, 117, 133–134, 151, 231nn31, 32 self-restraint, sexual, 90–91, 124, 173, 185 Victorians and, 42–44 sensuality, 108–109, 119–120, 232n54 Septuagint, 118–119, 141 sex trafficking, 9, 50–52, 183–184 in China, 79–81 in India, 68–69, 221n33 legislation against, 61, 219n169 in lumber camps, 53–55, 56–59 West Coast, 82–84 sexual assault See rape sexual ethic, 6, 173, 180 feminist, 8, 163–164, 182 new, 185–187 sexual freedom, 172–177 sexual purity, 48–50, 124, 185 See also virtue social purity and, 48–49, 83–87, 122–125, 165–166 sexual repression, 46, 173, 176 sexuality, 6–8, 46–47, 50–52, 216n119 social purity and, 6, 28, 172–173 Shaw, Anna Howard, 167 Shemo, Connie, 36, 213n61 Shi Meiyu, 38, 213n61 Simmons, Christina, 176 Singapore, 79–80 Smart, James, 18 Smith, Robert Payne, 103 Smith, W Robertson, 131 Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll, 248n70 Snow, William F., 169, 170, 179 Social Gospel, 160 social hygiene movement, 164, 167, 168–171, 172 social purity in Britain, 71–72 definition of, 46 feminists and, 49–50, 163–164 legislation, 226n34 movement, 45–47, 51–52, 67, 87–89, 168–169 sexual purity and, 48–49, 83–87, 122–125, 165–166 social redemption, women’s, 150–151 Somerset, Lady Henry, 75, 87–89, 225nn16, 17 Southard, M. Madeline, 158, 178, 181, 250nn14, 15 Spencer, Herbert, 131 Stansell, Christine, 177 Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 22, 95, 110, 213n70 social purity and, 216n120 Woman’s Bible, 7–8, 96, 172, 205n14 Starr, Lee Anna, 181 Stead, William T., 50, 52, 64, 66 Stevenson, Sarah Hackett, 24 submission, in marriage, 139–142 subordination, of women, 4, 165, 237–238n69 as abuse, 91–93 biblical interpretation and, 98–100, 113–114 desire and, 119–120 as disobedience, 129 ecclesiastical, 145–148, 158 eugenics and, 170 evolution and, 134–135 gospel and, 114 in heathen countries, 140 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Subject Index marriage and, 238n72 as punishment, 121 suffrage, women’s, 7–8, 28, 160, 167 British, 50, 101 temperance and, 43–44, 214n80 Talmud, 103, 110, 119, 138–139 temperance, 214n77 Civil War and, 41 feminism and, 213n70 prostitution and, 45, 51 purity reform and, 47 reform, 15, 28 social purification and, 42–43 Woman’s Crusade, 41–42 temptress, woman as, 110, 127 Tertullian, 109 theological education, of women, 97–98, 105, 161 in biblical languages, 105–106, 142 theology, 33–34, 116 evangelical, 158–159, 182–186 feminist, 2–6, 8–9, 94–98, 105, 138, 233n69 patriarchal, 4–5, 92–93, 99–100 social reform and, 158–159, 182–187 Thirtle, J. W., 152 Thomas, W. H Griffith, 154–155 Thorne, Susan, 226n31 Thurman, Lucy, 78 Tischendorf, Constantin von, 126 A Treatise on Domestic Economy, 30–31 Tylor, E. B., 131 Tyndale Bible, 119 Tyrrell, Ian, 64, 213–214n75 Union to Combat the Sanitation of Vice, 167 Van Cott, Maggie, 21 veil, authority and, 137–139 263 venereal diseases, 50, 70, 164–165, 169, 171 Victorian, views of domesticity, 16–17, 19, 130 home, 16, 45, 159 morality, 44, 48, 185 motherhood, 47, 130, 206n19 patriarchy, 45 sexual restraint, 42–44 womanhood, 43, 45, 93, 122, 128–129 virgin birth, 133–134 virtue feminization of, 47–49 gendered redefinition of, 122–128 myth of female, 54, 59 Vulgate Bible, 119 Walls, Andrew, 33–34, 94, 211n35 Westermarck, Edward, 131 “Where Satan Rules,” 56 White, Alma, 181 White Ribbon Army, 43 white slave trade See sex trafficking wife-capture, 131–132 Willard, Frances, 15, 18, 21–23, 64, 85 antiregulation, 87–89 prostitution and, 50–52, 56–61, 60 religious reform, 96–97 suffrage and, 214n80 temperance work, 41–42, 43–44 Wilson, Elizabeth, 95 Wilson, Woodrow, 164, 166 Wisconsin, prostitution in, 53–55, 56–59, 219n169 The Woman Condemned, 53–55 Woman in the Pulpit, 96–97 womanhood negative views of, 109–110 submission and, 45, 115 “true”, 31, 49, 129 Victorian views of, 43, 45, 93, 122, 128–129 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com 264 Subject Index The Woman’s Bible, 7–8, 96, 172 Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), 15, 40–45, 222n52 See also World’s Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WWCTU) divorce and, 238n85 prostitution and, 49–52, 59–61 religious reform, 96–97 social purity, 55, 87–89 theological education, 97–98 Union Signal, 63, 65–66, 96–97, 99–100 Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society (WFMS), 19–20, 29, 35, 208n40, 209n67, 244n3 woman’s missionary movement, 18–19, 30–32, 63 woman’s sphere, 5, 130, 144, 147 Woman’s Work for Woman, 28, 30–31, 44 Women’s Correspondence Bible Class, 100–101 Women’s Journal, 44 women’s rights movement, 5–6, 95–96, 165–166, 226–227n37 eugenics and, 171 World War I, 164–165, 168 World’s Columbian Exposition, 73–74 World’s Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WWCTU), 63–65, 75–76, 220n11, 224n3 Yu, Dora, 179 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com www.ebook777.com ... rightly blamed Satan, Adam blamed God a betrayal that initiated humanity’s Fall into sin Lurking nearby, Satan rejoiced that Adam had shielded him from blame Thus the man advanced to the side... Herzberg, for their assistance in my research queries, and to Gay Anderson, Barbara Collins, Mimi Haddad, Ruth Hoppin, Gladys Masore, Zaphania Masore, Carrie Miles, and Lisa Thompson, for sharing... Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech