Rounded up in glory

Rounded Up In Glory Frank Reaugh, Texas Renaissance Man Photographs of Frank Reaugh: top left by unknown photographer; top right by Ernst Raba; bottom by Annie Dealey Jackson Rounded Up In Glory Frank Reaugh, Texas Renaissance Man Michael R Grauer University of North Texas Press Denton, Texas ©2016 Michael R Grauer All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 10 Permissions: University of North Texas Press 1155 Union Circle #311336 Denton, TX 76203-5017 The paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of the ­American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, z39.48.1984 Binding materials have been chosen for durability Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Grauer, Michael R., 1961– Rounded up in glory : Frank Reaugh, Texas Renaissance man / Michael R Grauer p cm.— Denton, Texas : University of North Texas Press, [2016] Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-1-57441-633-6 (cloth : alk paper) Reaugh, Frank, 1860–1945 Painters—Texas—Biography ND237.R25 G73 2016 759.13 dc23 2016009426 The colorplates in this book were made possible by a generous grant from the Gayden Family Foundation The electronic edition of this book was made possible by the support of the Vick Family Foundation Typeset by vPrompt eServices I dedicate this book to my family and friends who have patiently stood by me through 30 years of research and endless stories about Mr Reaugh, and especially to my father, Richard Lee Grauer, who was rounded up in glory himself in 2013 All of you know who you are contents Donors List of Illustrations viii ix “Rounded Up in Glory” xiii Prelude xv Acknowledgements xix Introduction 1 Art in Texas, 1836–1890 Learning the Ropes 16 1890–1900: Success 87 1900–1910: National Attention 123 colorplates 5 1910–1920: New Pursuits 153 1920–1930: Turning Point 174 1930–1940: Betrayal 224 1940–1945: Slow Fade 261 9 Conclusion 266 Appendix: Legacy 293 Endnotes 315 Bibliography 359 Index 377 vii Donors This book would not have been possible without the generous help from the following donors: Alice and Charlie Adams Gregg R Bynum Mary and Bill Cheek David Dike Fine Art LLC Dr Kenneth Hamlett Dr Martin English Beverly and George Palmer Rainone Galleries Patricia and Jeff Sone And a special thank-you to The Gayden Family Foundation for making the color insert possible viii Li s t o f I l l u s t r a t i o n s Figures Frontispiece: Photographer unknown, [Frank Reaugh], circa 1940–45, photograph, 7/8 x 3/4 in., Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum, Research Center, Frank Reaugh Estate Collection Ernst Raba, Mr Frank Reaugh-The Man and Artist, 1908, photograph, 5/16 x 1/2 in., Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum, Research Center, Frank Reaugh Estate Collection Annie Dealey Jackson, [Frank Reaugh in His Studio], 1900, photograph, x 11 3/4 in., Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum, Research Center, Frank Reaugh Estate Collection 1 Vincent Colyer, On the Big Canadian River, 1869, watercolor and pencil on paper, 9/16 x 13 5/16 in., Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum, Friends of Southwestern Art Purchase 10 Jack Potter, “Map Showing Cattle Trails as used from 1866 to 1895 . . .” circa 1937, Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum Research Center, H D Bugbee Collection 19 One of George Washington Reaugh’s block planes, Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum, Frank Reaugh Estate Collection Ralph Duke, Amarillo, Texas, photographer 23 Frank Reaugh, Untitled [Monochromatic landscape with Pressed moth], n.d., pastel on paper, x 11 3/8 in., National Ranching Heritage Center of Texas Tech University 28 Frank Reaugh, Copy after J.M.W Turner’s Little Devil’s Bridge over the Russ, circa 1880, ink on paper, 1/8 x 5/16 in., Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum, gift of Gretchen Parks 32 Frank Reaugh, Copy after Horatio McClulloch’s Kilchurn Castle, 1880, pastel on paper, 3/8 x 13 1/8 in., PanhandlePlains Historical Museum, Frank Reaugh Estate Collection 34 ix x List of Illustrations Frank Reaugh, Copy after Jean-Francois Millet’s Noon, circa 1880, pencil on paper, x 1/2 in., Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum, Frank Reaugh Estate Collection 34 Frank Reaugh, Copy after Robert Swain Gifford’s The South Beach, circa 1880, pencil on paper, x 6½ in., PanhandlePlains Historical Museum, Frank Reaugh Estate Collection Author’s comparative photograph of longhorn skull and Hereford skull 35 42 10 Frank Reaugh, #578 Speckled Steer-Facing, 1894, mounted photograph, 1/4 x 1/2 in., Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum Research Center, Frank Reaugh Estate Collection 43 11 Frank Reaugh, Leading Horses in Western Texas, 1883, 3/8 x 3/4 in., Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum, Frank Reaugh Estate Collection 51 12 Frank Reaugh, To “Chewing Bones”(studies), circa 1885, pastel on paper, 5/16 x 9/16 in., Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum, Frank Reaugh Estate Collection 57 13 Frank Reaugh, Untitled [Holstein Bull], 1885-1890, pastel on paper, 11/16 x 1/2 in., Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum, Frank Reaugh Estate Collection 78 14 Frank Reaugh, [Reaugh Home, 8th and Beckley, Oak Cliff, Texas], circa 1900, mounted photograph, 1/4 x 1/2 in., Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum Research Center, Frank Reaugh Estate Collection 92 15 Frank Reaugh, February in Texas (sketch), circa 1893, pastel on paper, 1/8 x 7/8 in., Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum, Frank Reaugh Estate Collection 93 16 Cover, Fifth Annual Exhibition of the Society of Western Artists, The Art Institute of Chicago, February 28 – March 13, 1901, Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum Research Center, Frank Reaugh Estate Collection 116 17 Frank Reaugh, [sketches for Armour Meat calendar], circa 1899, pencil on paper, 1/4 x 111/8 in., Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum, Frank Reaugh Estate Collection 122 Index 389 and the Striginian Club, 211 hunting agreements, Hutchinson, Robin Brandt, 285 Hyde, John George, 90 I illustration, 287–88 Impressionism and Bolton, 167 and early Texas art, 11 and the Exposition Universelle, 83–84 Gerdts on, 280–81 influence on American art, 93, 279–80 influence on Reaugh, 36–37, 137, 288 and Reaugh’s European studies, 59, 75–76, 84–85 and Remington, 287 and the Texas Coast Fair, 84 Impressions on Impressionism, 98 In Considerable Style: The Sketch Trips of Frank Reaugh (Reitz and Smith, eds.), 178 Indian Appropriation Bill, 112–13 “Indian Jar” (Kemeys), 144, 304–5 Indian Removal Act, 6, Indians Spear Fishing (Bierstadt), 278 Indian Territory, 8, 46, 161, 200, 274 Indian Watering Ponies (Reaugh), 121 influenza epidemic, 171 In J A Pasture (Reaugh), 95 Inness, George, 36–38, 39, 186, 278 Interior Decoration and Tile Store, 167 The International Studio, 115, 143 The Inter Ocean (Reaugh), 100 In the Mesquite Bush (Reaugh), 297 In the Rain (Reaugh), 99, 102, 115, 130 In the Woodlot (Reaugh), 99, 101, 102 inventions and patents of Reaugh early influences on Reaugh, 30 folding lap easel, 50, 172–74, 183, 191, 225, 229, 299 and influence of Reaugh’s father, 129–30 international patent applications, 153–54, 157 Limaỗon pump, 16263, 16970, 17273, 297, 304 and magic lantern” shows, 234 and pastel formulas, 208, 252 “Pump or Motor” patent, 162–63 and Reaugh as “Renaissance man,” 266 and Reaugh’s father, 21–22 and Reaugh’s finances, 169–70 Reaugh’s first patents, 134–35 and Reaugh’s latter years, 289 and Reaugh’s mechanical skills, 187 and Reaugh’s teaching career, 50 zoological classification charts, 28 Ironshed Studio construction of, 22, 91 and design of Dallas Art Center, 196 and exhibitions from Reaugh’s sketching trips, 199–200 music at, 185 and Oliver, 175 Reaugh classes at, 166–67 and Reaugh’s sketching trips, 177, 226 and Reaugh’s students, 142–43 Isham, Samuel, 138 Israels, Jozef, 80, 81 “Italian Girl” (Bonnat), 48 Ives, Halsey C., 52, 54, 98, 130–31 J Jackson, Rice, 189, 265 Jackson, William Henry, 273, 274 Janon, Charles de, 175 Japanese art, 85 J A Ranch, 13, 95–96 Jenkins, John Eliot, 84 Johnson, Frank Tenney, 247 Johnson, Ruth Carter, 299 Josephs, Lemuel B C., 140 Joseph Sartor Galleries, 257–58 Josey, Estha, 313 Julian, Rodolphe, 59, 61–62, 63 See also L’Académie Julian 390 Index The Junior Historian, 292 juste milieu, 76 K Kansa Indians, Kansas Pacific Railway, 18 Kansas Territorial Centennial Committee, 261–62 Kansas Trail, 17 Karman, Ivor, 194 Kaufman County, 20, 41, 45, 47, 50, 87, 90 Kaula, W J., 139 Kelsey, Mavis Parrott, 285 Kemeys, Edward, 144–46, 203, 304–5 Kendall, Helen King, 291 Kendrick, John B., 158–61 Kendrick, Manville, 159 Kendrick, Rosa-Maye, 160–61 Kendrick Cattle Company, 161–62 Kensett, John Frederick, 273, 275 Kindred Spirits (Ruskin), 270 Kiowa-Comanche-Apache, 112 Kiowa Indians, 7, Klepper, Frank, 189, 201, 210, 227, 248 Knoedler, Michael, 49 Knott, John, 189, 227 Koch, Arnold A., 99 Kramer, Arthur L., 234 Kwahadi band of Comanches, 112 L L ‘Académie Julian and Gutherz, 55, 131 influence on Texas art, 104 and Lungren, 124 and Reaugh’s European studies, 40, 56, 58–67, 67–71 and Reaugh’s Paris visit, 76–77, 83–84 and Reaugh’s teaching career, 89 La France Company, 172–73 Lagoons, Venice (Meteyard), 103–4 La maison du pendu (Cezanne), 84 Landscape with Cattle (Reaugh), 94 La Route (Pissarro), 84 La Tour, Maurice-Quentin de, 72–73 Laughing Boy (Henri), 150 La Villita neighborhood, 51 Lawrence Galleries, 252 Lawton, Rebecca, 139, 175, 185–86 “The Lay of the Last Minstrel” (Scott), 270 Lea, Tom, 264 Leader, M Walton, 259 Leading Horses in Western Texas (Reaugh), 51 Le Brun, Charles, 72, 73 “Lecture, Concert, Exhibition Entertainments” (Reaugh), 218 Ledbetter, Roy C., 294, 296–97, 305 Lefebvre, Jules, 53, 63–64, 68–69, 83–84 L’eglise de Vernon (Monet), 84 Leigh, W R., 122, 178 Leila P Cowart Elementary School, 147 Lentz, Richard, 88, 118 Leonardo da Vinci, 130 Le petit bucheron, 76 Le Sahara (Le Desert) (Guillaumet), 74–75 Les Boeufs Allant au Labour; Effet du Matin (Oxen Going to Work, Morning Effect) (Troyon), 74 Les Femmes qui L’avent (Richardson), 104 Lester, William, 229 Le Talisman (Sérusier), 68–69, 71 Level Landscape (Reaugh), 295 L’Homme la visière (Chardin), 73 Limaỗon pump, 16263, 16970, 17273, 297, 304 Lingelbach, Johannes, 80 Liotard, Jean-Étienne, 72–73 Little Norsk, or Ol’ Pap’s Flaxen (Garland), 111 Little Raven, 11 Llano Estacado, 6–9, 266, 273 Loeb, Louis, 138 London’s Royal Academy, 130 Lone Star Regionalists, 183, 207, 244, 263 Index 391 Lone Wolf, 113 Long, Major Stephen H., Long, Newman, 300–306, 307–12, 313 Long, Stephen H., 267 longhorns and the cattle industry, 46 as common Reaugh subject, 97, 121, 203, 219, 221, 253, 292, 313 and early cattle trails, 19–20 and the Houston brothers, 57–58 and Oak Cliff, 92 and Quanah Parker, 112 and Reaugh’s cattle anatomy studies, 41–45, 42, 43, 89 and Reaugh’s European studies, 74, 79 wood engravings of, 285 Looking Toward Mexico (Hogue), 183 Lorenz, Richard, 115 Lorrain, Claude, 268–69 Louis-Barye, Antoine, 146 Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 52, 130–32, 146–47, 151, 244–45, 284, 288 The Louvre, 40, 65, 71–75, 82 Lovejoy, Elijah P., 146 Loving, Jim, 50 Lowry, Jimmie Lou, 292 Luesley, Elda M., 160 Lungren, Fernand L., 99, 124 Luxembourg Palace, 71 LX Bar Ranch, 159 Lytle, John T., 18 M Macbeth, Robert, 180, 188, 190 Macbeth, William, 101–2 Macbeth Galleries, 101–2, 180 Mackenzie, Ranald, 112, 241 MacKinnon, Georgia, 243 MacKnight, Dodge, 137 MacMonnies, Frederick W., 126 MacNeil, Hermon Atkins, 126, 144, 146, 203, 237, 304 Maguire and Harrington, 90 Main-Travelled Roads (Garland), 111 Maison Goupil, 75 Manet, Edouard, 83 The Manner in Which the Owl Posed (Reaugh), 27 Manuelito, the Chieftain (MacNeil), 144, 304 Maratta, Hardesty Gilmore, 142 Marcy, Randolph, 9, 271 Margaret’s Peak, 142, 231, 243 Margaret’s Peak from the North (Reaugh), 248 Maris, Willem, 81–82 Marsalis, Thomas S., 91–92 A Marsh; Going (Reaugh), 104 Martin, Crawford, 312 Martin, Homer Dodge, 259 Martin, J B., 150, 164–65 Mascho, June, 142–43, 174, 225–27, 230, 239, 241 Massachusetts Watercolor Association, 101 Masterson, Bat, 11 Mauritshuis, 77, 79–80, 82 Mauve, Anton, 59, 75–77, 80–81 The Maverick (Reaugh), 116, 168–69, 184, 249 McArdle, Henry Arthur, 12, 264, 289 McCann, Charles, 229 McClung, Florence, 210, 291 McClung, Rachel, 192 McClure, Boone, 304–6, 307–11 McClure’s, 111 McCord, William A., 125, 129 McCoy, Joseph G., 18, 121, 285 McCulloch, Horatio, 33, 34 McCurdy, John A., 256–57, 262, 294 McFadden, Frederic, 229 Mead, Ben Carlton, 264 Meakin, Lewis Henry, 126 meat-packing industry, 98, 121 Meissonier, Jean-Louis-Ernest, 37 Mercié, Antonin, 146–47 Meredith, Alice, 294 Merrill, J L Woods, 108 Mesdag, Hendrik Willem, 234 392 Index Mesdag Panorama, 233–34 Mesquite Trees & Cattle (Reaugh), 121 Meteyard, Thomas Buford, 84, 103–4 Methodist Publishing House, 157 Methods of Study in Natural History (Agassiz), 28 Mexican Plaza (Allen), 13 Mexican War, 270–71 Meyer, George K (Sallie Griffis), 119, 141, 160, 164, 216 Meyer, Ida Kampmann, 88–89, 141 Meyer-Waldeck, Kunz, 150–51 Milking Time, 82 Miller, Robert, 231 Millet, Jean-Francois, 34, 34, 35, 83, 278 Millett, George van, 139 Minneapolis Institute of Art, 201 Mirage (Reaugh), 109, 121 The Mirage (Moran), 278 Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad, 17 Mobeetie, Texas, 11 M O’Brien and Son, 108 models, 53, 59, 62, 70, 89, 127, 143 modernism, 229–30, 248, 252, 259, 262 Mollhausen, Heinrich Balduin, 8–9, 271 A Monarch of the Plains (Reaugh), 309 Monet, Claude, 76, 83–84, 279 Monks, John A S., 132, 139 monochromes, 253 See also pastels Monroe, Harriet, 149, 235 Moore, John M “Tex,” 248 Mora, F Luis, 150 Moran, Thomas, 122, 225, 233–34, 274, 278 Morgan, Frances Gill, 167–68 Morgan, Ian, 165, 166 Morgan School for Boys and Girls, 167–68 Morning (Reaugh), 102 Morse, Samuel F B., 130 Mountain of the Holy Cross (Moran), 274 Mountain with a Cross (Reaugh), 184 Mount Auburn School, 191 Mount Margaret, 142, 231 Moure, Nancy, 129 Mt Ktaadn (Church), 271 Mucha, Alphonse, 127 Mueller, Dorothy, 192, 199 Muir, John, 271–73, 276 Mulhall, Scaling and Houston Cattle Company, 45 Munger, Mrs S I., 141–42, 190 Munger, S I., 106 Munger Fund, 190 Munich School, 88 Munich Style, 133 Munn & Company, 153, 157 mural projects, 178–79, 181, 188, 189–90, 221, 245 Murphy, Herman Dudley, 132, 139 Murray, Grover E., 310 Museum of Fine Arts (Dallas), 98, 130 Museum of Fine Arts (Houston), 184 Museum of Modern Art, 201 music, 231–32 Mussina, Hugh O., 302, 306–8 My Gondolier’s Kitchen (Faulkner), 128 N Nabis movement, 69 National Academy of Design, 10, 88–89, 99, 102, 106, 155, 178 National Academy of Design (NAD), 10 National Art Society, 154 National Cyclopaedia of American ­Biography, 105–6 National Motor Vehicle Company, 134 National Portrait Gallery, 13 National Ranching Heritage Center, 312 National Sculpture Society, 147 Native Americans, 94–95, 112–13, 200, 241, 282 See also specific tribes naturalism, 25–30, 271, 281 Nature, 267 Navajo Indians, 146 Navarro Hotel, 244 Near Graford (Reaugh), 180 Near Sierra Blanco (Reaugh), 120 Neff, Emily Ballew, 184 Index 393 Neff, Pat, 238 Newbauer, W F., 199 New Braunfels, Texas, 14 Newcomer, Richard S., 257 Newcorn, Harry, 175 New Deal projects, 221 Newman, Lucretia Donnell, 294, 297–98 New Spain, New York Watercolor Club, 101 New York World’s Fair (1939), 201 Ney, Elisabet, 248 Nichols, Perry, 229, 291 Nieriker, May Alcott, 60 North Cheyenne Falls (Reaugh), 109 Northern Plains Tribes, 284 North Fork of the Red River (Reaugh), 116 North Texas National Bank, 87, 89 Norton, William E., 138 Nouvelle Revue, 65 November—Forney (Reaugh), 109 N.Y Metropolitan Museum, 255 O Oak Cliff, Texas, 5, 12, 87, 91–93, 92, 123, 214–15 Oak Cliff-Dallas Commercial ­Association, 196, 197 Oak Cliff High School, 178–79, 188, 191, 196, 220 Oak Cliff School Board, 202 Oak Cliff Society of Fine Arts, 197 Oak Cliff Tribune, 313 Oakley, Violet, 132 Ochsner, Erwin C., 311, 312 October (Reaugh), 298 October Day (Keechi Hills) (Reaugh), 109, 184 O’Keeffe, Georgia, 71 Oklahoma Territory, 112–13 Old Library Building (University of Texas), 263 Oliver, Josephine art lessons, 187 and construction of El Sibil, 216–17 marriage, 195–96 music career successes, 236–37 music studies, 194, 202 and Reaugh’s “entertainments,” 219 and Reaugh’s estate, 294, 297 and Reaugh’s influence on Texas art, 291 and Reaugh’s sketching trips, 189, 192, 199, 225, 226, 228 Reaugh’s support of, 179–80 and Reaugh’s The Fugitives, 185–86 and the Striginian Club, 175 and talent contests, 204, 208–10 and Twenty-Four Hours with the Herd debut, 230–31 Oliver, Maude I G., 115 Olmsted, Frederick Law, 94 Olympia (Manet), 83 Onderdonk, Julian, 189, 297 Onderdonk, R J., 118 Onderdonk, Robert, 118, 133, 138, 139, 155, 290 Onderdonk, Robert Jenkins, 12, 15, 88–89, 264 Onderdonk, Robert Julian and Dallas Art Association ­exhibition, 165 and early Texas artists, 12 and Reaugh’s estate, 297 and Reaugh’s sketching trips, 177, 189 and State Fair of Texas exhibitions, 133, 140 and wildflower paintings, 167 One O Ranch (Reaugh), 295 On the Big Canadian River, May 1869 (Colyer), 11, 275 ornithology, 26–27 The O Roundup, Texas, 1888 (Reaugh), 100, 106, 249, 277, 282–84, 309 Osage Indians, 6, Our Indian Summer in the Far West (Hyde), 90 Out Into Mexico (Reaugh), 183 Owens & Fairbank, 157 OW Ranch, 159, 161 394 Index oxen, 41, 43 Ozark Mountains, 20 P Pacific Railroad, 271 Padgitt, Jessie D., 106 Padgitt, Thomas, 106 Padgitt, William, 106 Padgitt Brothers Company, 106 Painter, T S., 296 “The Painters of Taos” (Reaugh), 188 Paintings of the Southwest (Reaugh), 27, 252–54, 258, 282, 289, 295–96 “paint sticks,” 252 See also pastels Palace of Fine Arts, 130–31 PaleoIndians, palette of Reaugh, 72, 81, 278–82 Palette Scrapings, 53 Palmer, Carl, 189 Palmer, Jessie, 189–90, 210, 291 Palo Duro #7 (Reaugh), 100–101, 109, 276 Palo Duro Cón (Reaugh), 99 Palo Duro Canyon as common Reaugh subject, 276 and early Texas art, 9, 11–13 first images of, 271 and Reaugh’s sketching trips, 221, 224, 260 and Reaugh’s subject matter, 95–97, 99 Paloduro Ranch, 90 Palo Pinto Pasture (Reaugh), 180 Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum donations of Reaugh’s works, 33 and early Texas art, 14 and Reaugh’s estate, 298–301, 304, 307, 308–10, 312 and Reaugh’s small sketches, 236 and Texas Centennial exhibitions, 243–44 panoramas, 233–34, 272–73 Paris, France, 58–66 Parker, Cynthia Ann, 95 Parker, Quanah, 94–95 Parsley, Bill, 311 Pascal, Etienne, 162–63 Passage des Panoramas studios, 60 Passing Herd (Reaugh), 249 Pastel (Reaugh), 72 pastels Art Institute of Chicago exhibitions, 137 and cattle anatomy, 41 Dallas scenes, 162 and Eisenlohr, 155 frames for, 170 grisaille works, 48 influences on Reaugh’s work, 36, 277 Kendrick family collection, 159 large works, 195 loss of formulas for, 208 and the “Neighbors of Texas” ­exhibition, 256 and Oliver, 188 and Paintings of the Southwest, 252–54 and Reaugh/Bock traveling ­exhibition, 149 and Reaugh exhibitions, 98–101 and Reaugh’s art classes, 183 Reaugh’s chalk pastels, 281 and Reaugh’s Colorado Springs works, 109 and Reaugh’s early works, 27–28 and Reaugh’s estate, 299, 306, 309–10 and Reaugh’s European studies, 70, 72–76, 81–82, 85 and Reaugh’s exhibitions, 104, 107 and Reaugh’s father, 23 and Reaugh’s latter years, 289 Reaugh’s production of, 225, 237 and Reaugh’s sketching trips, 227–29 and Reaugh’s small sketches, 235 and Reaugh’s students, 238 and Reaugh’s Western subjects, 94–97 traded for sculpture, 144–45 and Twenty-Four Hours with the Herd debut, 232 Index 395 pastoral landscapes, 68 Pattison, James W., 132, 139 Pawnee Indians, Pawnee Picts, Paxton, William McGregor, 132 Peale, Charles Willson, 29 Peck, Emmet, 179 Pecos & North Texas Railway, 14 Pelouse, Leon Germain, 53 pencil drawings, 48, 50 “Pencil Drawings—Designs for Engines, Valves &c.” (Reaugh), 50 “Pencil Drawings for Patents” (Reaugh), 50 Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 99, 107 periodicals, 31–40 Perry, Lila Cabot, 84 Pfeifer, Clara, 144, 146, 203 Phillips, Bert Geer, 115, 188 photography and American Impressionism, 280–81 and Bywaters “Tree of Texas Art,” 263–64 and construction of El Sibil, 217 at the Dallas School of Fine Arts, 118 and early Texas art, 8, 13 influence on Reaugh, 89–91 and Reaugh’s cattle anatomy studies, 42 and Reaugh’s inventions, 153 Reaugh’s use of, 94–97 and Remington’s illustrations, 286 and State Fair of Texas exhibitions, 129 and survey expeditions, 273–74 and Taft, 261 and Twenty-Four Hours with the Herd debut, 233 picturesque, 268, 277–78 Pierce, Jack, 300 Pike’s Peak from Garden of the Gods (Reaugh), 109, 277 Pike’s Peak from Road to Gateway (Reaugh), 109 Pike’s Peak from Rose Thicket (Reaugh), 109 Pima Indians, 22 Piper, Edward, 17 Pirates of the Plains (Russell), 131 Pissarro, Camille, 76, 84 Plains Museum (Texas Tech), 298 Ploughing at Nivernais (Bonheur), 33, 71, 83 Poetry Society of Texas, 231 Polk, Daisy, 186 Pope Expedition, 273 popular prints, 31–40 portraiture, 12, 13 Poteet, John A., 178 Potter, Paulus, 35, 43, 77–80 Potter County Federation of Women, 14 Powder River (Reaugh), 158, 159–60, 277, 309 Powell, John Wesley, 274 Powers, Hiram, 53 “The Prairie” (Reaugh), 208 The Prairie (Bryant), 277 Prairie Songs (Garland), 111 Prather, Hugh, 216, 294 Prather, Hugh, Jr., 297 Presbyterianism, 24–25 Pressly, Gilbert, 178 “Primitive Music” (Pfeifer), 144 Principles of Zoology (Agassiz), 28–29 Proctor, Alexander Phimister, 247 Progressive Studies in Cattle (Dighton), 42 “Prophet’s Ford” (Reaugh), 142 Prud’hon, Pierre-Paul, 72 “Publix Theater” talent contest, 204 Q Quakers, 10 Quanah’s See Parker, Quanah Quince, Louis Veda, 231–32, 249 R railroads, 14, 17, 121–22 Rand, Sally, 247 396 Index Randall, Edward, 295 Ranger Building, 246–47 Ransom, Harry, 301, 307 Ratcliffe, Sam, 287, 289 Realism, 83 Reaugh, April, 104 Reaugh, Charles Franklin (“Frank”) arrival in Texas, 15, 20 birth and family background, 16, 20–31 and cattle drives, 17, 20 death, 265, 313 education, 23–31 Reaugh, Clarinda Spilman, 16, 24–25, 30–31, 135 Reaugh, Ellen Queary, 21 Reaugh, George Washington construction of Ironshed, 91–92 death, 143, 170 and the Gold Rush, 102 move to Texas, 20–21, 106 and music, 175 and Reaugh’s childhood, 21–25 and Reaugh’s family background, 16 and Reaugh’s mechanical skills, 129 and Reaugh’s teaching career, 47–48 and sketching trips, 141 support of Reaugh’s art, 31 Reaugh, John, 21 Reaugh, Mamie, 16, 56 Reaugh, Perry, 174 Reaugh, Phebe Taylor, 21 Reaugh, Samuel Q., 21 Reaugh Estate Trustees donation of Reaugh works to University of Texas, 263 and El Sibil, 313 and Reaugh’s small sketches, 236 and Reaugh’s wills, 293 and settlement of Reaugh’s estate, 294–300, 301–3, 305, 306–9 Reaugh Memorial Studio and art center, 196–98, 214 Red Cloud (Sioux) Indian Agency, 18 Redon, Odilon, 76 Red River (Ruffner), 11, 96 Red River Land and Cattle Company, 46 Red River War, 11, 18, 112–13, 200 regionalism, 183, 194–95, 207, 229, 255, 263 Reitz, Robert, 51, 178 religion of Reaugh, 275–76 Rembrandt van Rijn, 258 Remington, Eva, 288 Remington, Frederic and Hogg’s art collection, 184–85 influence on and Reaugh’s work, 286–88 and the Louisiana Purchase ­Exposition, 131, 284 and Paintings of the Southwest, 284 popularity of, 288–89 and the Texas Centennial ­Exposition, 247, 250 and Western subjects, 46–47 Renoir, Auguste, 279 Republic of Texas, 4–5, 90 The Requiem (Reaugh), 249 Rettig, John, 125 Rex Rodgers Ranch, 241, 243, 245, 260, 262 Rhine, Florence, 148 Richardson, Ruth, 103 Richardson, T C., 19 Rijksmuseum, 82 A Road to the Brazos (Reaugh), 99 The Road to Vernon (Dawson-Watson), 103 Robert-Fleury, Tony, 63 Roberts, Summerfield, 298–99, 305 Robertson, George, 90 Robinson, Isabel, 243–44 Robinson, Theodore, 76 Rock Canon Ranch, 95 Rock Island & Gulf Railway, 14 The Rocky Mountains, Lander’s Peak (Bierstadt), 272 Rococo-style works, 72–73 Rodgers, Fowler “Muzzy,” 241 Rodgers, Rex, 241 Rogers, John William, 137, 178, 221, 247 Index 397 Rollins, Lloyd LaPage, 242–43 Romanticism, 269, 271 Roosevelt, Theodore, 113, 195, 286 Roping a Rustler (Russell), 131 Rosa, Salvator, 268 Rose, Billy, 247 Rosser, Kermit, 178, 180 Rothenstein, William, 61, 64–65 Rothko, Mark, 282 Round Lake Association, 102 Rouse, John E., 42 Rousseau, Theodore, 74, 83, 278 Rowney & Forster, 42–43 Rubens, Peter Paul, 59 Ruffner, Ernest Howard, 8, 11, 96 Running Fight (Russell), 131 Ruskin, John, 268, 270 Russell, Charles M., 46–47, 131, 161, 185, 247, 284, 286–89 Russell, John, 72–73 S Saboteur (1942), 232 Saint Louis Exposition, 104 “Samentini,” 194, 202 San Antonio, Texas, 14, 251, 264 San Antonio Art League, 206–7 San Antonio Competitives, 206, 215 San Antonio Conservation Society, 51 San Antonio International Fair, 120 San Antonio Museum Association, 51 San Antonio River, 51 Sandzen, Birger, 201 Sanger, Eli, 159–60 Sanger Brothers, 159–60 Santa Fe Railway, 14, 18, 92, 122, 124, 147 Santa Fe Trail, 22 Sargent, John Singer, 279 Sartor, Joseph, 244, 251–52 Sauk Indians, 114 Savage, Jane, 199 A Scene on the Brazos (Reaugh), 263 Scheuber, Mrs Charles, 245, 247–48 School of Fine Arts, 130–31 Schumacher, Johannes, 118 Scientific American, 135 Scotland Illustrated (Allom), 33 Scott, Walter, 277 Scribner’s Illustrated Monthly Magazine, 26, 35 Scribner’s Monthly Magazine, 34 Scripture Emblems of God’s People (Spilman), 25 Scruggs, Margaret Ann, 210, 217 Scruggs-Carruth, Margaret Ann, 291, 294 Sedalia Trail, 17 Seddon, S T., 108 self-portraits of Reaugh, 70 Sellar, Hoyt, 84 Senter, Helen, 221, 222 A Sentinel of the Plains (Reaugh), 148 September Moonrise (Reaugh), 128 “Sermon for Good Americans Found in Art Galleries” (Monroe), 149 Sérusier, Paul, 68–69, 160 Seurat, Georges, 59 Seventh Annual Exhibition of ­American Paintings, 98 “Shady Pasture” (Gifford), 48 Sharp, Joseph Henry, 115, 125, 133, 140, 188–89 Shaver, William R., 311 Shawnee Trail, 17–18 Sheepherder’s Camp (Reaugh), 99, 122 Sheffy, L F., 243 Sherman, Texas, 17 Shirlaw, Walter, 12, 138 Shivers, Allan, 52 Shuffler, R Henderson, 301–2, 304–6, 307 Shuttles Gallery, 305–6 Sidney S.—Bull Head (Reaugh), 121 Signac, Paul, 59 Simkins, Martha, 181, 189, 190, 227 Simpson, Sloan, 163 Simpson, Wallace, 199 Sioux Indians, 5, 284 A Sketch in Time: A Young Girl’s Diary of the 1920 Frank Reaugh Sketch Trip to Grand Canyon (Goerner), 177 398 Index Slaughter, C C., 50 Small Girl Presenting Cherries (Russell), 73 Smith, Byron Caldwell, 261 Smith, Elizabeth, 225, 249 Smith, Erwin E., 263, 286 Smith, Gardner, 51, 178 Smith, Jessie Wilcox, 132 Smith, Madelaine, 177 Smith, Preston, 312 Snyder-Wulfjen Brothers, 161 Societe de Pastellistes Francais, 85 Society of American Artists, 101–2, 281 Society of Texas Artists, 259 Society of Western Artists (SWA) annual exhibitions, 141 Art Institute of Chicago exhibition, 116, 116 Chicago Journal on, 121 and the Dallas School of Fine Arts, 108 and the Louisiana Purchase ­Exposition, 131, 284 and Meakin, 127 and promotion of Reaugh’s art classes, 214 and Reaugh exhibitions, 112 Reaugh’s membership in, 98 and Reaugh’s sketching trips, 188 and State Fair of Texas exhibitions, 133 St Louis exhibition, 105 and the St Louis School of Fine Arts, 55 and Taft, 114–16 and wildflower painting, 206 Soleil d’hiver (Pissarro), 84 solitude, 40 Sonntag, William Louis, 53 A Son of the Middle Border (Garland), 111 Sophie Newcomb College, 189 the Sorbonne, 64 South America, 271 Southern Kansas Railway of Texas, 14 Southern Methodist University, 194, 263 Southern Plains Indians, 4–5, 11, 200, 241, 275 Southern States Art League, 178, 202 South Kensington Museum and School, 52 Southwest Collection (Texas ­Technological College), 301, 303–4, 308, 310, 312 Southwestern Conservatory, 147, 179 Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 296 Southwest Review, 207 Spaniards, Spanish influenza epidemic, 171 Special Exhibition, In Recognition of Fifty Years’ Contribution to the State Fair: Edward G Eisenlohr, 256 Spilman, Benjamin, 24, 156 Spilman, Benjamin Franklin, 24 Spilman, Clara Thomson, 24–25 Spilman, Frank, 139, 141–43, 148 Spilman, James H., 25 Spilman, Nancy Rice, 24 Spilman, Susannah Evans, 25 Spilman, Thomas A., 24–25 Spilman, Thomas E., 25, 155 Spilman’s, Nancy Rice, 24 Spring (Taft), 144, 146, 297, 304 Springer Amendment, 112–13 Springtime (Reaugh), 99 Spruce, Everett, 229 S S Niagara, 209–10 Stacey, Anna L., 138 Stafford, James, 25 “Stampede in the Canyon” (Reaugh), 232 Star House, 95 Stark, H J Lutcher, 254–56, 259, 294 State Fair Art Gallery, 138 State Fair Association, 150 State Fair Exhibition, 256 State Fair of Texas and Art Institute of Chicago ­exhibition, 117 and the Dallas art community, 92 and “Dallas Nine” exhibition, 201–2 Index 399 and the Golden Jubilee Exhibition, 256 Grandstaff exhibitions, 205 and Lentz, 88–89 and Palmer exhibitions, 190 and Reaugh exhibitions, 105–8, 217, 258 Reaugh’s criticism of, 152 Reaugh’s role in, 123–27, 131–35 and Reaugh’s sketching trips, 188 and Reaugh’s students, 181 and Reaugh’s works, 117–20 review of exhibitions, 140 State of Texas, State Technological School, 220 Steele, F M “Frank,” 90–91 Steele, Theodore Clement, 114, 131–32 Steers and Mesquite (Reaugh), 298 Stell, Thomas, 189 St Louis Art League, 147 St Louis Exposition, 98–99 St Louis Museum of Fine Arts, 48, 115, 284 St Louis School of Fine Arts and American Barbizon painters, 52–56 and Bolton, 167 and Bringhurst, 146 and Cartwright, 51 and the Louisiana Purchase ­Exposition, 284 and Reaugh exhibitions, 98, 106–7 and Reaugh’s Académie Julian works, 62–63 and Reaugh’s education, 40, 47–48 and Reaugh’s travels, 51 and State Fair of Texas exhibitions, 118 Stockfleth, Julius, 290 Stock-Raisers Association of North-West Texas, 50 Stoddard, Frederick L., 124 Striginian Club and Adams, 182–83 and construction of El Sibil, 216 exhibitions of works, 168 founding of, 25–26, 58, 134 and Oliver, 175 promotion of, 211–13, 212 and Reaugh’s sketching trips, 177, 228 and the Texas Centennial ­Exposition, 250 Strohmeyer, August, 227 Stroud, Alice Bab, 313 Students Loan Fund, 293 sublime, 268–71, 277–78 Sugg, E C., 113 Summer Evening (Reaugh), 295 Summer Forenoon (Reaugh), 57 Sun and Shadow Press, 177–78 The Sunday Inter Ocean (Chicago), 100 Sunrise on the Prairie (Reaugh), 120 The Surrender of Santa Anna (Huddle), 290 The Susquehanna River (Cropsey), 278 Symons, Gardner, 129 T Taft, Lorado background, 113–14 and the Chicago art scene, 98 Dallas lectures, 162 Dallas Morning News reviews, 144 and Reaugh exhibitions, 100 and Reaugh’s art collection, 203 and Reaugh’s estate, 297, 304 Spring bust, 146 Taft, Robert, 261 Taft, Zuline, 111 Talbot, William Henry Fox, 90 T Anchor Ranch, 13, 96–97 T Anchor Ranch Houses (Reaugh), 97 Taos, New Mexico, 188–89, 247, 262 Taos Indians, Tarbell, Edmund Charles, 132 Tascosa, Texas, 11 Tavernier, Jules, 285 Tawakoni Indians, Taylor, James L., 51 Taylor, Lane, 294 400 Index teaching career of Reaugh, 47–52 Teasdale, Evelyn, 226 “The Ten American Painters,” 281 “Tender of Collection” document, 301–2, 305–6 Tenison, Albert, 119 Tennant, Allie, 216 Tennessee Centennial Exposition, 105, 108 Terrell, Texas choral club, 174 and early Texas art, 15 and the Frank Reaugh Art Club, 28, 52, 91, 180 photography in, 90 and promotion of Reaugh’s art classes, 214 and the Reaugh family, 20–21 and Reaugh’s European travels, 58 and Reaugh’s landscapes, 56 and Reaugh’s teaching career, 47–51, 87 and Reaugh’s travels, 49–51 and the Striginian Club, 26 and wildflower painting, 206 Texan Bull Pulled Down by Jaguars (Kemeys), 145 Texas and Pacific Railroad, 20 Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association, 50 Texas Art League School, 151 Texas Cattle . . . April (Reaugh), 309 Texas Cattle on the Prairie (Reaugh), 56, 74, 279 Texas Centennial Exposition and Bassett, 178 and changing tastes in art, 254, 262 and “Dallas Nine” exhibition, 201–2 and Eisenlohr, 155 exclusion of Reaugh’s works, 288 Remington and Russell exhibitions, 284 significance of, 243–51 and Twenty-Four Hours with the Herd debut, 232 Texas Coast Fair, 84, 120 Texas-Colorado Chautauqua, 110 Texas Federation of Women’s Clubs, 121, 189, 192–93, 230 Texas Fine Arts Association, 202 Texas Historical Commission, 313 Texas History Center, 296 Texas horned lizard, 211–12 Texas Lake (Reaugh), 121 Texas Landscape with Cattle (Reaugh), 120–21 Texas & Pacific Railway, 17, 122, 176 “Texas Panorama” (Bywaters), 264 Texas Revolution, 289 Texas Road, 17–18 Texas State Historical Association, 292 Texas State Historical Survey Committee, 52 Texas Technological College, 298–99, 301–6, 306–12 Texas Wildflower Competitive Exhibition, 206–7 Texas Women’s College, 180 Thayer, Abbot, 35 Thomas, Stephen Seymour, 68 Three Birds Who Kept Late Hours (Reaugh), 27 Times-Herald, 139 Tipton, Joe Celia, 260, 262, 291, 294, 296–97 Topeka (Kansas) School of Art, 151 topographical surveys, 11 Towards Head of Canon (Reaugh), 95 Townshend, Samuel Nugent, 90 trail-driving industry, 16–17 Trail on Little Sunday Creek (Reaugh), 109–10 Transcendentalism, 267, 270 Trans-Llano Landscape Association, 148, 187 Trans-Llano Sketch Association, 154–55, 187 traveling exhibitions, 148–49 Travis, Josephine Oliver, 294, 296–97 Travis, Kathryne Hail, 201–2 Travis, Olin, 162, 201–2, 230, 237, 291 “Tree of Texas Art” (Bywaters), 263–64 401 Index Tri-State Fair, 190 Troyon, Constant, 74, 83 Tryon, Dwight W., 149, 186 Tuileries (Monet), 84 Tule Canyon as common Reaugh subject, 277, 278 and early Texas art, 11 and Reaugh’s sketching trips, 224, 225–27, 231, 241, 243, 245, 260, 262 and Reaugh’s Western subjects, 96 and the Texas Centennial ­Exposition, 250 Turner, J M W., 32, 33, 37, 54, 86 Turner, Ross, 129 Twachtman, John H., 125–27 Twenty-Four Hours with the Herd series (Reaugh) debut of, 231–34 donated to Highland Park, 203 early planning for, 185 final painting of, 225 and Oliver’s music, 237 origins of, 191 and Paintings of the Southwest, 283 and Reaugh’s estate, 295, 297, 307 and Reaugh’s influence on staging of works, 273 and Rollins, 242 and the Texas Centennial ­Exposition, 244, 246–47, 249 Waco exhibition, 238 Twenty-Sixth Annual Exhibition of Paintings by Texas Artists, 245 “Twilight” (Hart), 48 Twilight (Reaugh), 295 Twilight in the Wilderness (Church), 266 U Ufer, Walter, 189 Under the Willows (Reaugh), 109 Underweysung der Messung (Dürer), 163 Underwood, Ruth K., 291, 294, 297 Union Patent Investment Company, 135 United Daughters of the Confederacy, 127–28 United States Commission to the Paris Exposition, 117 University Centennial Exposition, 181 University of Chicago, 114 University of Texas Barker Texas History Center, 262, 263 and the Colorado Chautauqua, 110 and Reaugh’s Académie Julian works, 63, 70 Reaugh’s donation of art collection, 254–56 and Reaugh’s estate, 35, 295–97, 299–301, 307, 309–10 Turner works at, 33 Untitled (Holstein Bull) (Reaugh), 78 U.S Christian Commission, 10 U.S Geological Survey (USGS), 273–74 U.S Patent Office, 134 V Vanderpoel, John H., 132, 139 Van Dyke Art Club, 12 Van Rensselaer, M G., 35–36 Veal’s Station, 239, 243, 250 Venth, Carl, 186 Vetheuil (Monet), 84 Vickery, William Kingston, 102 View of Dallas from Oak Cliff (Church), 88 Virginia, 264–65 Volck, Fannie W., 179–80 Vonnoh, Robert, 217, 223 W Waco Art League, 238 Waco Indians, 6, Waesland (steamship), 58 Waggoner, Leslie, 259 Waggoner, W T., 113 Waiting for a Chinook (Russell), 286 Wake Robin (Burroughs), 26 402 Index Waldeck, Carl Gustav, 128, 129 Walker, Lissa, 225 Walsh, Colonel C C., 294 Walthen, B., 163 Washington University, 52 The Water Carriers of the Ganges (Weeks), 143 watercolor painting, 8–9 Watering the Herd (Reaugh) completion of, 87 and Hudson River School ­influences, 278 and Paintings of the Southwest, 283–84 and Reaugh exhibitions, 115 and Reaugh’s estate, 295, 309 and Reaugh’s European studies, 73, 79 and the Texas Coast Fair, 121–22 and Twenty-Four Hours with the Herd debut, 232 at the Western Pennsylvania Expo, 102 Watson, Dudley Crafts, 202–3 Waud, Alfred R., 285 Waugh, Frederick, 67 Wayside Courtships (Garland), 111–12 Wears, Ebenezer, 88 Weaver, T C., 163 Webb, Walter Prescott, 90, 257 Weeks, Edwin Lord, 143 Weir, J Alden, 186 Weir, John Ferguson, 39–40 Weir, Julian Alden, 39 Weir, Robert W., 39 Wells, Roy, 305 Wendt, William, 115, 128 Western Meadow Lark, 233 Western Pennsylvania Exposition Society, 102 Western Texas, 5, 51, 51–52, 87, 123, 262 Western Trail, 18 Weston, W G “Billy,” 225, 239 West Texas Tech, 299 Wet Weather (#73) (Reaugh), 254 Wheeler, Hughlette “Tex,” 248 Whipple, Amiel Weeks, 9, 271 The Whispering Buddha (Cowles), 13 Whistler, J M W., 127 Whistling Dick (Reaugh), 27, 254 White, R L., 296 White Steer (Reaugh), 282, 309 Whitlock, Neill, 313–14 Whitman, Walt, 26 Whittredge, Worthington, 273 Wichita Breaks, 166–67, 182 Wichita Indians, 6, Wiggins, Guy Carleton, 138 wildflowers, 167, 206–7, 281–82 Wiles, Irving Ramsey, 101, 237 The Willows (Reaugh), 99 wills of Reaugh, 293–94 Wilson, James Patterson, 154 Wilson, Woodrow, 195 Wimar, Charles, 53 Windy Day (Reaugh), 109 Winged Clouds and Cobalt Skies (Donnell), 228 Winn, James Buchanan “Buck,” 229 Winston, George Taylor, 110 Wisselingh, E J van, 82 Witte Museum, 51 W K Vickery gallery, 102 Wolff, Gustav, 118, 128–29, 138 women in the arts, 58–60, 109, 249–50 wood engravings, 31, 33–34, 85, 281, 285 Woodward, Ellsworth, 128, 246 woodworking skills, 23 Wooten, Thomas Dudley, 110 Worcester, Don, 42 Wordsworth, William, 269 work oxen, 41, 43 World’s Columbian Exposition and American Impressionism, 279 and Freer, 133 and Impressionism, 93 and Ives, 130–31 and Kemeys’ sculptures, 145–46 and the St Louis School of Fine Arts, 52 Index 403 and the Texas Centennial ­Exposition, 244–45 World War I, 169–73, 182 World War II, 296 The Worm Hunt (Reaugh), 27 Wouwermans, Philips, 80 Wright, Frank Lloyd, 155 Wright, Lillian, 229 Wuerpel, Edmund H., 118, 124, 133, 138 Wulfjen, Charles, 161 Wyant, Alexander Helwig, 12 Wynne, Toddie Lee, 173 Y Yellow Bear, 11 Yellowstone Park, 158–59 Yeto, Genjiro, 124, 125 Yokeley Brothers Ranch, 221–22 Young, Ida M., 118 Young, J W., 183–84, 258–59 Young, Lillian, 249 Young Bull (Potter), 33, 35, 77–79 Young County, 49–50 Your Soldier! He Say (Remington), 131 Yunt, Katherine, 185–86 Yunt, Sam, 185–86, 190 ... sunshine and the rain, -You will be rounded up in glory bye and bye Chorus: You will be rounded up in glory bye and bye, You will be rounded up in glory bye and bye, When the milling time is o’er... despite having devoted his career to bringing art in all forms to Dallas, including exhibiting his own work, offering musical and theatrical performances, and Rounded Up in Glory establishing the... was rounded up in glory himself in 2013 All of you know who you are contents Donors List of Illustrations viii ix Rounded Up in Glory xiii Prelude xv Acknowledgements xix Introduction 1 Art in