Construction, Demolition and Disaster Waste Management An Integrated and Sustainable Approach Construction, Demolition and Disaster Waste Management An Integrated and Sustainable Approach Erik K Lauritzen CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2019 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-6821-4 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint Except as permitted under U.S Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400 CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Lauritzen, Erik K., author Title: Construction, demolition and disaster waste management : an integrated and sustainable approach / Erik K Lauritzen Description: Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references and index | Identifiers: LCCN 2018020248 (print) | LCCN 2018028305 (ebook) | ISBN 9781498768221 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781351650076 (ePub) | ISBN 9781351640558 (Mobipocket) | ISBN 9781498768214 (hardback) | ISBN 9781315154022 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Construction and demolition debris Recycling | Concrete Recycling | Masonry Recycling | Buildings Salvaging Classification: LCC TD899.C5885 (ebook) | LCC TD899.C5885 L39 2019 (print) | DDC 628.4 dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018020248 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com This book is dedicated to my wife, Mette Lauritzen, thanks for your support and understanding of my absence Contents Preface Author Construction, Demolition and Disaster Waste Management xvii xxi xxiii 1 Introduction 1.1 Sustainable buildings and materials 1.1.1 Shortage of resources 1.1.2 Sustainable development 1.1.3 Climate change 1.1.4 Circular economy 1.1.5 Buildings and structures 1.2 Aim of this book 10 1.2.1 The waste-to-resource dilemma 11 1.2.2 Bridging the gap 12 1.2.3 Comprehensive and integrated approach 13 1.2.4 Consolidation of state-of-the-art and best practice 16 1.3 The background and limitations of the book 18 1.4 Definition of terms used 20 1.4.1 Construction and demolition waste 20 1.4.2 Disaster waste 22 1.4.3 End-of-waste 22 1.4.4 Reduction, reuse, recycling and recovery (4Rs) 22 1.4.5 Recycling hierarchy 22 1.4.6 Resources, raw materials 23 1.4.7 Transformation 23 1.5 How to read/use the book 24 1.5.1 Why read this book? 24 1.5.2 Presentation of the book 25 vii viii Contents Transformation of structures and materials 27 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Life cycle of structures 27 2.2.1 Product stage 29 2.2.2 Construction process stage 30 2.2.3 User stage 31 2.2.4 End-of-life stage 32 2.3 Life cycle assessment 35 2.4 Construction and demolition waste 37 2.4.1 Types of CDW 37 2.4.2 CDW prevention 38 2.4.3 CDW recycling indicators 38 2.5 Transformation 39 2.5.1 Transformation scenarios 39 2.5.2 Reuse of buildings 40 2.5.3 Urban development 41 2.5.4 New buildings with recycled materials 47 2.6 Hazardous materials, the major challenge 48 2.6.1 Asbestos 49 2.6.2 Organic substances 50 2.6.3 Heavy metals 50 2.6.4 Other contaminants 51 2.6.5 Need for cleansing materials 51 3 Demolition 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 Planning of demolition projects 54 3.2.1 Preliminary investigation 55 3.2.2 Historical review 55 3.2.3 Screening of contamination 56 3.2.4 Screening of materials 57 3.2.5 Assessment of environmental constraints 57 3.2.6 Initial estimation of time and budget 57 3.2.7 Pre-demolition audit 58 3.2.8 Assessment of CDW and resources 58 3.2.9 Assessment of contamination 59 3.2.10 Design for demolition 60 3.2.10.1 Assessment of work methodologies 60 3.2.10.2 Change of infrastructure 60 3.2.10.3 CDW management 61 53 Contents ix 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.2.10.4 Environmental management 61 3.2.10.5 Health and safety management 61 3.2.10.6 Information management 62 3.2.11 Tendering 62 Demolition work 64 3.3.1 Preparatory works 65 3.3.1.1 Change of infrastructure 65 3.3.1.2 Worksites 65 3.3.1.3 Removal of garbage and left items 65 3.3.2 Cleansing 65 3.3.3 Selective demolition 66 3.3.3.1 Manual demolition 68 3.3.3.2 Mechanical demolition 68 3.3.3.3 Light equipment 68 3.3.3.4 Medium equipment 69 3.3.3.5 Heavy equipment 69 3.3.3.6 Sorting CDW 70 3.3.4 Finishing 70 CDW Management 70 3.4.1 Reuse 70 3.4.2 Recycling and recovery 71 3.4.3 Disposal 71 3.4.4 Special treatment 71 3.4.5 Logistic optimization 71 3.4.6 Documentation 72 Cleansing technologies 72 3.5.1 Milling 73 3.5.2 Abrasive grinding 73 3.5.3 Particle blasting (dry) 73 3.5.4 Particle blasting (moist) 74 3.5.5 Shot blasting 74 3.5.6 Needle descaling 75 3.5.7 High-pressure water jetting 75 3.5.8 Flame descaling 75 3.5.9 Liquid nitrogen cooling 75 3.5.10 Dry ice blasting (non-abrasive) 76 3.5.11 Cleaning with chemical agents 76 3.5.12 Development of cleansing techniques 76 3.5.13 Decontamination of waste from cleansing 77 3.5.14 Asbestos removal 77 Demolition of concrete 78 .. .Construction, Demolition and Disaster Waste Management An Integrated and Sustainable Approach Construction, Demolition and Disaster Waste Management An Integrated and Sustainable Approach. .. chairman of the Danish Network for Construction and Demolition Waste under the Danish Centre of Competence on Waste and Resources (DAKOFA) xxi Construction, Demolition and Disaster Waste Management. .. figures and material I appreciate the inspiring cooperation of Jette Bjerre Hansen, Danish Competence Centre on Waste and Resources (DAKOFA) and the DAKOFA Network of CDW Management and thank DAKOFA