GERUNDS & INFINITIVE

VERBS + GERUND and VERBS + INFINITIVE : Một động từ theo sau 1 động từ khác có thể là GERUND Verb-ing = Danh động từ hoặc INFINITIVE nguyên mẫu -to V tùy theo loại động từ đứng trước n

Grammar: GERUNDS & INFINITIVES

A) VERBS + GERUND and VERBS + INFINITIVE :

Một động từ theo sau 1 động từ khác có thể là GERUND ( Verb-ing = Danh động từ) hoặc INFINITIVE ( nguyên mẫu -to V) tùy theo loại động từ đứng trước nó:

- I always enjoy reading books in my free time.( Enjoy + Gerund )

- I want to read as many books as possible.( Want + Infinitive )

Verbs + Gerund

Admit (thừa nhận,công nhận), avoid ( tránh,né),

delay( trì hoãn), deny( chối), detest, dislike( không

thích,không ưa), consider( xem xét,cứu

xét),enjoy( thưởng thức, hưởng), finish( hoàn

tất,làm xong), give up (=quit: từ bỏ, thôi),

imagine( tưởng tượng), keep( giữ), not mind

( không phiền), postpone ( hoãn lại, đình lại),

practise ( thực hành), quit( bỏ, từ bỏ), suggest( đề

nghị), can’t help( không thể ngăn cản), can’t stand

(không thể chịu đựng được), put off ( hoãn lại),

….etc

Verbs + Infinitive

Agree ( đồng ý,nhất trí), afford, appear ( xuất hiện), arrange( sắp xếp,thu xếp), attempt( cố gắng), ask

( đòi hỏi,yêu cầu), choose ( chọn, lựa), decide ( quyết định), demand ( ra lệnh), expect ( mong,trông

ngóng), fail ( hỏng,không thành công,(thi) rớt),

happen (xảy ra) , hope ( hy vọng), learn ( hay tin), manage ( xoay sở, tự lo được), offer ( dâng ,tặng), plan ( kế hoạch, dự tính), pretend ( giả vờ), promise (hứa hẹn), refuse ( từ chối), seem ( có vẻ như,

dường như), threaten ( đe dọa), want, wish ( ao ước),

would like ( muốn),…etc.

-I always avoid making noise in class - I decide to study engineering at University.

-Have you finished writing the report ? - She’s expecting to get a reply from the company -Anne practised playing the piano at an early age - Do you agree to join us for the holyday ?

- I don’t mind doing a lot of homework - We can’t afford to build a new house.

- He can’t stand working ten hours a day - Can you manage to get some tickets for the pop concert

on Saturday ?

- When did you give up smoking, Bill ? - Bob refused to lend me his car.

B) VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE :

VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE

( Ýùnghĩa không khác nhau )

VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE ( Cho ý nghĩa khác nhau )

Start ( bắt đầu, khởi động), begin ( bắt đầu),

continue ( tiếp tục),intend ( tính, dự định), like,

love, hate ( ghét), prefer (thích hơn,ưa hơn).

Stop, try ( thử, cố gắng) , forget (quên), remember

( nhớ), need ( cần), go on ( tiếp tục), regret.

Ex :

- When did you start learning English ? or - When did you start to learn English ?

- It began raining heavily or - It began to rain heavily.

- Does Pam continue writing to you ? or - Does Pam continue to write to you ?

- He intended making a film for children or - He intended to make a film for children.

- He stopped smoking three years ago ( He doesn’t smoke any more now.)

- He stopped to smoke a cigarette ( He stopped working in order to smoke ).

- You should try to study harder ( try = cố gắng )

- You should try taking these tablets, ( try = thử )

- You need to practise English every day.( = You have to practise English every day).

- Your shirt needs washing It smells ( = Your shirt needs to be washed ).

C) VERB+PREPOSITIONS + GERUND : Động từ theo sau giới từ thường dùng ở dạng Gerund.

Ex :

- I’m interested in listening to music on the radio.

- He’s bored with staying at home day after day.

- Some people are afraid of driving in rush hours.

- Many overweight people try to lose weight by going on a diet.

- Don’t forget to turn off the gas before going out.

D) ADJECTIVE + TO infinitive:

Ex:

- I’m afraid to drive alone at night - Were you disappointed not to win the race ?

- The actress seems eager to go on stage - The parents are proud to have a healthy child.

- Citizens ought to feel lucky to be able to vote.- He was not at all surprised to hear the news.

- I’m looking for someone qualified to type a thesis -

E) ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION + GERUND: Các tính từ đi kèm giới từ được theo sau bởi Gerund

Ex :

- Police soon get accustomed to arresting criminals.

- Are you capable of completing the work within an hour ?

- Eli Whitney is famous for inventing the cotton gin.

- The driver was intent on passing the other car.

- The treasurer is responsible for keeping the books.

***** o0o *****

Approve of ( chấp thuận, tán đồng), argue about ( tranh cãi về…), complain about ( than phiền, phàn nàn về…), concentrate on ( tập trung vào…), depend on ( tùy thuộc vào…), decide on ( quyết định về…), feel like ( cảm thấy thích, thiên về…), forget about ( quên về…) Look forward to ( trông mong,

ngóng…), insist on ( nài nỉ…), keep on ( cứ tiếp tục…), object to ( phản đối về…), plan on ( dự tính về…), rely on ( tin vào, dựa vào…), succeed in ( thành công trong việc…), think about ( nghĩ về…), worry

about ( lo nghĩ về…, lo lắng về…).

Approve of ( chấp thuận, tán đồng), argue about ( tranh cãi về…), complain about ( than phiền, phàn nàn về…), concentrate on ( tập trung vào…), depend on ( tùy thuộc vào…), decide on ( quyết định về…), feel like ( cảm thấy thích, thiên về…), forget about ( quên về…) Look forward to ( trông mong,

ngóng…), insist on ( nài nỉ…), keep on ( cứ tiếp tục…), object to ( phản đối về…), plan on ( dự tính về…), rely on ( tin vào, dựa vào…), succeed in ( thành công trong việc…), think about ( nghĩ về…), worry

about ( lo nghĩ về…, lo lắng về…).

Approve of ( chấp thuận, tán đồng), argue about ( tranh cãi về…), complain about ( than phiền, phàn nàn về…), concentrate on ( tập trung vào…), depend on ( tùy thuộc vào…), decide on ( quyết định về…), feel like ( cảm thấy thích, thiên về…), forget about ( quên về…) Look forward to ( trông mong,

ngóng…), insist on ( nài nỉ…), keep on ( cứ tiếp tục…), object to ( phản đối về…), plan on ( dự tính về…), rely on ( tin vào, dựa vào…), succeed in ( thành công trong việc…), think about ( nghĩ về…), worry

about ( lo nghĩ về…, lo lắng về…).

Afraid ( sợ, e sợ ), ashamed ( xấu hổ ), considerate ( tế nhị ), disappointed ( thất vọng ), eager ( hăm hở), foolish ( điên rồ), fortunate ( may mắn, hên ), happy ( sung sướng ), lucky ( may mắn ), pleased ( hài lòng), proud ( hãnh diện), qualified ( có đủ tư cách ), ready ( sẵn sàng), sorry ( ân hận) surprised

( ngạc nhiên)

Accustomed to ( quen với…), afraid of ( lo sợ, e sợ về…), ashamed of ( xấu hổ về…), capable of

( có khả năng, có thể… ) bored with ( chán với…), disappointed in / with ( thất vọng về…), fond of

( thích về…), hopeful of ( hy vọng về…), intent on ( đeo đuổi, chăm chú về…), interested in ( quan

tâm về…), opposed to ( chống đối với…),proud of ( hãnh diện về…), responsible for ( có trách nhiệm về…), sorry about ( ân hận về…), successful in ( thành công trong…), surprised at ( ngạc nhiên về…),

tired from ( mệt nhọc vì…), tired of ( chán với…), worried about ( lo lắng về….).used to ( quen

với…)

EXERCISES :

A) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form : GERUND or INFINITIVE ( In some sentences, both forms are correct )

1 I’m not in a hurry I don’t mind……….( wait ) for you

2 I’ll lend you the book when I’ve finished……… ( read ) it

3 How old were you when you learnt ……….( drive )

4 My father gave up ……….( smoke ) three years ago

5 Would you mind ……… ( keep ) silent ? I’m trying ………( study )

6 I always try to avoid………( borrow ) money from my friends

7 The traffic was very heavy this morning, but I managed ……… ( get ) to school on time

8 Could you please stop ……….( make ) so much noise ?

9 I hope ……… ( run ) in the marathon next month

10.Look ! It’s started ……….( rain ) again

11.It was too late, so we decided……….( take ) a taxi home

12.My sister always enjoys ………( listen ) to classical music

13.I’ve put off ………( write ) the letter so many times I really must do it today

14.Sarah gave up ………( try ) to find a job in this country and decided………( go ) abroad

15.You can’t stop me ……… ( do ) what I want

16.They don’t have much money They can’t afford………( go ) out very often

17.I’m still looking for a job but I hope……… ( find ) something soon

18.My mother can’t stand………( stay ) at home without doing anything

19.How long have you been able………(swim), John ?

20 You must promise……….( not / be ) late again

21.When I saw her in that funny hat, I couldn’t help………( laugh)

22.They refused……… ( lend ) him the money although he needed it badly

23.Please, don’t forget………( post ) the letter for me today ! It’s urgent

24.Some people strongly dislike……….( hear ) foul language

25.If you want………( improve ) English , you should practise………( speak ) it more often

B) Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets

1 Jane enjoyed……… ( work ) for Brinkman

2 However, she did not plan………( be ) a secretary all her life

3 She didn’t mind……… ( be ) a secretary for a few years

4 But she couldn’t imagine……… ( do ) the same job for years and years

5 She hoped ……….( become ) a lawyer herself

6 The only thing that prevented her from……….( study ) law was a lack of time and money

7 She often remembered ……… ( talk ) to her father before he became ill

8 She couldn’t help………( think ) about him as she worked

9 ‘I must remember……….( phone ) the hospital ,‘she thought

10 He had always urged her ……….( think ) of her future

11 he used……… ( talk ) about the value of a good education when she was younger

12 ‘ Men will have to get used to ……… ( think ) of women as equals, and not just as housewives or pretty faces,’ he often said

13 You must remember ………( buy ) some sugar We haven’t got any now

14 Did you remember……… ( post ) the letter for me this morning ?

15 Don’t forget……… ( wake ) me up before six o’clock tomorrow

C/ Complete each sentence with one of these verbs:

Answer apply be listen make see try use wash work write

1 He tried to avoid ……… my question

2 Could you please stop……… so much noise ?

3 I enjoy………to music

4 I considered………for the job but in the end I decided against it

5 Have you finished………your hair yet ?

6 If you walk into the road without looking, you risk ……… knocked down

7 Jim is 65 but he isn’t going to retire yet He wants to carry on………

8 I don’t mind you………the phone as long as you pay for all your calls

9 Hello ! Fancy……….you here ! What a surprise !

10 I’ve put off……… the letter so many times I really must do it today

11 What a stupid thing to do ! Can you imagine anybody……… so stupid ?

12 Sarah gave up………to find a job in this country and decided to go abroad

D/ Put the verb into the correct form, - ing or to……….Sometimes either form is possible

1 They denied……… the money ( steal )

2 I don’t enjoy……….very much ( drive )

3 I don’t want……….out tonight I’m too tired ( go )

4 I can’t afford………out tonight I haven’t got enough money ( go )

5 Has it stopped……… yet ? ( rain )

6 Can you remind me……… some coffee when we go out ? ( buy )

7 Why do you keep……… me questions ? Can’t you leave me alone ? ( ask )

8 Please stop……….me questions! ( ask )

9 I refuse………any more questions ( answer )

10 One of the boys admitted………the window ( break )

11 The boy’s father promised………for the window to be repaired ( pay )

12 Ann was having dinner when the phone rang She didn’t answer the phone, she just carried on ……(eat)

13 “ How did the thief ger into the house ? “ “ I forgot……… the window ( shut )

14 I’ve enjoyed……… you.( meet ).I hope ………you again soon.( see )

15 The baby began………in the middle of the night ( cry )

16 Julia has been ill but now she’s beginning……… better